著名成语典故（汇编20篇）

三国时期，袁绍身边有一位门客，名叫崔琰(yǎn)。他从小学习武艺，不过直到二十三岁才开始读《论语》、《诗经》等书籍。

崔琰为人耿直，很有见识，朝廷的官员们对他十分推崇，连曹操都很敬重他。当时，袁绍手下的士兵非常残暴，甚至挖开坟墓毁弃敌人的尸骨，于是崔琰劝说袁绍命令士兵不要这样做，袁绍觉得他说的很有道理，就听取了他的建议，并且封他为骑都尉。

崔琰后来跟随曹操的时候，为曹操出了不少主意。曹操想立曹植为嗣子，崔琰就反对说：“自古以来的规矩都是立长子，怎么能立小儿子呢?这是不可以的啊!”曹植虽是崔琰的侄女婿，但他也不偏袒，曹操很佩服他的公正。

崔琰在对人才的识别方面，有着独到之处。崔琰有个堂弟名叫崔林，年轻时没有什么成就和名望，亲戚朋友都瞧不起他。但是崔琰却对这位堂弟相当器重，常常对别人说：“此所谓大器晚成者也，终必远至。”意思是说，能做大事的人往往要经过长期的锻炼，崔林将来一定会成大器。

后来，崔林受到重用，先是在曹操手下担任主簿、御史中丞等官职，后来在魏文帝曹丕朝中担任司空，被封为安阳乡侯，成为魏国的重臣。

我们日常使用的许多成语，其实都来源于一些成语典故，那么你们觉得哪些成语典故是最著名的呢？下面是小编带来的最著名的成语典故精选内容，希望大家喜欢。

最著名的成语典故：一叶障目

一叶障目的意思是：一片叶子挡在眼前会让人看不到外面的广阔世界。比喻被局部或暂时的现象所迷惑。

【一叶障目的成语故事】

楚地有一个人，家境贫寒，穷困潦倒。他读了《淮南子》，看到书上有这样的记载：螳螂在捕蝉时用树叶遮住自己的身体，其它小昆虫就看不见它，(要是有人能得到那片树叶：就能用它隐藏自己的身体。他十分高兴，于是跑到一棵树下抬头仰望,希望找到那片螳螂在捕蝉时用来遮蔽自己的树叶。偶然发现了，就伸手摘下来。不料失手，那片树叶竟飘落地下。树下原本就有落叶，(混在一起：再也无法辨认。于是，他索性将落叶全部扫起，收了足足有几斗回家。抱回家后，他一片一片地轮番拿树叶来遮住自己的眼睛，问他妻子：“你还能看见我吗?”开始，妻子一直说：“能看见。”后来，折腾了一整天，妻子于是疲倦不堪，很不耐烦，便骗他说：“看不见了!”这人一听心里暗暗大喜，急忙将选出的树叶揣在怀里,跑到街上去。到了闹市，他举着树叶，旁若无人，当面拿别人的东西。结果被官府差吏当场抓住，押送县衙。县官审问他的时候，他老老实实地叙述了事情的始末。县官听了，忍不住哈哈大笑起来，知道他是个书呆子，训斥了一顿就把他释放了，并没有惩治他。

最著名的成语典故：指鹿为马

指鹿为马语出《史记·秦始皇本纪》，记载赵高专权，指着鹿硬说是马，而群臣附和的故事。

【指鹿为马典故出处】

司马迁《史记·秦始皇本纪》：赵高欲为乱，恐群臣不听，乃先设验，持鹿献于二世，曰：“马也。”二世笑曰：“丞相误邪?谓鹿为马。”问左右，左右或默，或言马以阿顺赵高。或言鹿者，高因阴中诸言鹿者以法。后群臣皆畏高。汉·陆贾《新语·辨惑》：秦二世之时，赵高驾鹿而从行。王曰：“丞相何为驾鹿?”高曰：“马也。”王曰：“丞相误也，以鹿为马。”高曰：“陛下以臣言不然，愿问群臣。”臣半言鹿，半言马。当此之时秦王不能自信自而从邪臣之说。译文：秦二世的时候，赵高驾着一头鹿随从二世出行，二世问他说：“丞相为什么驾着一头鹿呢?”赵高说：“这是一匹马啊!”二世说：“丞相错了，把鹿当做马了。”赵高说：“这确实是一匹马啊!(如果：陛下认为我的话不对，希望(陛下允许我：问一问群臣。”群臣之中一半说是鹿，一半说是马。这时，秦王不相信自己，却相信奸臣的话。

【指鹿为马翻译】

赵高想要叛乱(篡夺秦朝的政权：，恐怕各位大臣不听从他，就先设下圈套设法试探。于是带来一只鹿献给二世，说：“这是一匹马。”二世笑着说：“丞相错了吧?您把鹿说成是马。”问身边的大臣，左右大臣有的沉默，有的故意迎合赵高说是马，有的说是鹿，赵高就在暗中假借法律中伤(或陷害：那些说是鹿的人。以后，大臣们都畏惧赵高。

最著名的成语典故：为虎作伥

为虎作伥出自孙中山《革命原起》：“有保皇党发生，为虎作伥，其反对革命，反对共和。” 旧时迷信，认为被老虎咬死的人，他的鬼魂又帮助老虎伤人，称为伥鬼。比喻帮助恶人作恶，干坏事。

唐穆宗长庆年间，传说有个处士马拯，听说衡山祝融峰人住着一个伏虎长老。他带了一个童仆，上山去拜访那位长老。

他登上祝融峰，见到一座佛寺里，果然有个须发皆白的老和尚。老和尚很热情，一定要留马拯吃饭，可是厨房里的油和盐正巧用完了。马拯就叫童仆下山去买油盐。老和尚陪送他走出寺门。马拯独自一人站在寺边观赏山景。这时，从山下又来了一个叫马沼的隐士。两人互通姓名之后，马沼说他在半山腰看见一只猛虎在叫人……马拯问了那人的年龄、容貌、衣着，惊叫道：“那是我的童仆!”马沼又说：“奇怪的是，那猛虎吃了人后，忽然变成一个须发皆白的老和尚。”不一会，老和尚回来了，马沼轻声对马拯说：“正是这个和尚。”天晚了，老和尚要请他们住僧房，两人却喜欢住在斋堂里。他们把门紧紧闩上，观察着外面的动静。半夜里，有只老虎几次来撞门，两人用力顶住，门才没有被撞开。两人决心要除掉这只吃人的老虎，终于想出了一个好办法。

第二天一早，两人说是后院一口井里传出怪声音，把老和尚骗到井边。当老和尚凑到井口看时，马沼一用力，把他推下井去。和尚一落水，立刻变成了老虎。两人搬来大石头，把它砸死了。两人下山时迷了路，后来幸亏遇见一个猎人，就住在搭在树上的窝棚里过夜。

半夜里，马拯突然被树下的人声吵醒。他借着月光一看，竟有几十个人，叫嚷着要替老虎报仇。猎人告诉他们，这些人都是被老虎吃掉了，可死后却替老虎开道，成了伥鬼。马拯骂道：“你们这些伥鬼，死在老虎嘴里，还要为它痛哭、报仇!”

古代传说，被老虎吃掉的人，死后变成伥鬼，还要为老虎效力。成语“为虎作伥”由此而来，现比喻为坏人做帮凶。

最著名的成语典故：铁杵磨针

唐朝著名大诗人李白小时候不喜欢念书，常常逃学，到街上去闲逛。

一天，李白又没有去上学，在街上东溜溜、西看看，不知不觉到了城外。暖和的阳光、欢快的小鸟、随风摇摆的花草使李白感叹不已，“这么好的天气，如果整天在屋里读书多没意思?”

走着走着，在一个破茅屋门口，坐着一个满头白发的老婆婆，正在磨一根棍子般粗的铁杵。李白走过去，“老婆婆，您在做什么?”

“我要把这根铁杵磨成一个绣花针。 ”老婆婆抬起头，对李白笑了笑，接着又低下头继续磨着。

“绣花针?”李白又问：“是缝衣服用的绣花针吗?”

“当然!”

“可是，铁杵这么粗，什么时候能磨成细细的绣花针呢?”

老婆婆反问李白：“滴水可以穿石，愚公可以移山，铁杵为什么不能磨成绣花针呢?”

“可是，您的年纪这么大了?”

“只要我下的功夫比别人深，没有做不到的事情。”

老婆婆的一番话，令李白很惭愧，于是回去之后，再没有逃过学。每天的学习也特别用功，终于成了名垂千古的诗仙。

【释读】

无论做什么事情，只要有恒心，一定会成功的，功夫不负有心人。我们的孩子们，如果在学业上能认真、努力、有恒心，成绩好一定是没有问题的。

最著名的成语典故：闻鸡起舞

晋代的祖逖是个胸怀坦荡、具有远大抱负的人。可他小时候却是个不爱读书的淘气孩子。进入青年时代，他意识到自己知识的贫乏，深感不读书无以报效国家，于是就发奋读起书来。他广泛阅读书籍，认真学习历史，于是就发奋读起书来。他广泛阅读书籍，认真学习历史，从中汲取了丰富的知识，学问大有长进。他曾几次进出京都洛阳，接触过他的人都说，祖逖是个能辅佐帝王治理国家的人才。祖逖24岁的时候，曾有人推荐他去做官司，他没有答应，仍然不懈地努力读书。

后来，祖逖和幼时的好友刘琨一志担任司州主簿。他与刘琨感情深厚，不仅常常同床而卧，同被而眠，而且还有着共同的远大理想：建功立业，复兴晋国，成为国家的栋梁之才。

一次，半夜里祖逖在睡梦中听到公鸡的鸣叫声，他一脚把刘琨踢醒，对他说：“别人都认为半夜听见鸡叫不吉利，我偏不这样想，咱们干脆以后听见鸡叫就起床练剑如何?”刘琨欣然同意。于是他们每天鸡叫后就起床练剑，剑光飞舞，剑声铿锵。春去冬来，寒来暑往，从不间断。功夫不负有心人，经过长期的刻苦学习和训练，他们终于成为能文能武的全才，既能写得一手好文章，又能带兵打胜仗。祖逖被封为镇西将军，实现了他报效国家的愿望;刘琨做了都督，兼管并、冀、幽三州的军事，也充分发挥了他的文才武略。

【释读】

故事出自《晋书·祖逖传》。成语“闻鸡起舞”，形容发奋有为，也比喻有志之士，及时振作。

最著名的成语典故：亡羊补牢

这故事出自“战国策”。战国时代，楚国有一个大臣，名叫庄辛，有一天对楚襄王说： “你在宫里面的时候，左边是州侯，右边是夏侯;出去的时候，鄢陵君和寿跟君又总是随看你。你和这四个人专门讲究奢侈淫乐，不管国家大事，郢(楚都，在今湖北省江陵县北)一定要危险啦!”

襄王听了，很不高兴，生气骂道：“你老糊涂了吗?故意说这些险恶的话惑乱人心吗?”

庄辛不慌不忙的回答说：“我实在感觉事情一定要到这个地步的，不敢故意说楚国有什么不幸。

如果你一直宠信这个人，楚国一定要灭亡的。你既然不信我的话，请允许我到赵国躲一躲，看事情究竟会怎样。” 庄辛到赵国才住了五个月，秦国果然派兵侵楚，襄王被迫流亡到阳城(今河南息县西 北)。这才觉得庄辛的话不错，赶紧派人把庄辛找回来，问他有什么办法;庄辛很诚恳地说：“我听说过，看见兔子牙想起猎犬，这还不晚;羊跑掉了才补羊圈，也还不迟。……”

【释读】

这是一则很有意义的故事，只知道享乐，不知道如何做事，其结果必然是遭到悲惨的失败无疑。

“亡羊补牢”这句成语，便是根据上面约两句话而来的，表达处理事情发生错误以后，如果赶紧去挽救，还不为迟的意思。例如一个事业家，因估计事情的发展犯了错误，轻举冒进，陷入失败的境地。但他并不气馁，耐心地将事情再想了一遍，从这次的错误中吸取教训，认为“亡羊补牢”，从头做起，还不算晚呢!

东施效颦

Xi Shi, a famous beauty, had a pain in her bosom(胸部) , so she had a frown

on her face when she went out. An ugly girl who lived nearby saw her and thought

she looked very beautiful. therefore when she went home, she also put her hands

on her bosom and had a frown on her face.

When a rich man in the neighbourhood saw her, he shut his doors tightly and

did not go out. When a poor man saw her, he took his wife and children and gave

her a wide berth(保持安全距离) .

She only knew Xi Shis frown looked beautiful but she did not know the

reason for its beauty.

万事俱备 只欠东风

China has been divided into three kingdoms historically: Wei in the north,

Shu in the southwest and Wu in the southeast.

Once Cao Cao from Wei led a 200,000 strong army down to the south to wipe

out the kingdoms of Wu and Shu. Therefore, Wu and Shu united to defend his

attack. Cao ordered his men to link up the boats by iron chains to form a bridge

for the Caos passing from the north bank of Yangtze River to the south bank.

The General Commander of the allied army was Zhou Yu. He analyzed the situation

carefully. Then he got a good idea. He decided to attack the enemy with fire. So

he began to prepare for the neting battle. Suddenly he thought of the direction

of wind. He needed the east wind to blow strongly in order to acnetplish his

scheme. However, the wind did not nete for days. Thus Zhou Yu was worried about

it. At that time, he got a note from Zhuge Liang, the military adviser of the

State of Shu, which reads:

"To fight Cao Cao

Fire will help you win

Everything is ready

Except the east wind"

Quickly he turned to Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge told him not to worry and

there would be an east wind in a couple of days. Two days later, the east wind

helped Zhou acnetplish his scheme. At last, the allied army won the war.

Later, people use it to say "All is ready except what is crucial".

专心致志

Yi Qiu was known as the most famous expert at chess throughout the land.

Once he gave lessons on chess to two men. One of them was netpletely absorbed in

his teaching, listening attentively to Yi Qiu while the other, who seemed to be

listening, had his mind on something else. In fact, he was having a fancy that a

swan was flying towards him and he had in his hands a bow and an arrow, ready to

shoot. As a result, though he was having the same lesson together with the first

man, yet he turned out a much inferior(差的，自卑的) pupil.

If one does not give single-hearted devotion to it, no skills will be

learned.

一技之长

Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the

Warring States Period (475-221BC). He had kept a circle skilled people around

him. He often said, "A wise man should welnete anyone with a specialty."

One day, a man dressed in tattered(破烂的) and dirty clothes came to see him

and said to him:" I have a special skill. "

Gong asked: "What is it?"

"I have a loud voice and Im good at shouting."

Then Gong turned to his followers and asked," Who is good at shouting?" But

none of them answered "Yes ". So the scholar took the man in.

Some days later, Gong and his followers went on a trip. They came to a wide

river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the river. All of them

had no idea. Suddenly, Gong thought of the shouting expert and turned to him,

"Can you have a try?" The man realized it was the chance to show his skill. He

shouted to the ferryman as loud as he could, "Hey, ferryman, nete here, we want

to cross the river." As his voice ended, the ferryman came to fetch them. Gong

was very satisfied with the new follower.

Later, people use it to describe anyone who has a special professional

skill.

相敬如宾

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), there was a high official

in the State of Jin. He once saw a farmer working in the field and his wife

bringing his lunch to him in a very respectful manner. He showed great interest

in the matter. He took the farmer back to Jin with him, and said to the King of

Jin, "Respect is a demonstration of virtue. If one is respectful, he must be

virtuous. We should educate our people with virtue." But the King asked, "His

father is guilty, is it wise to do so?" He replied, "Guan Zhong had been enemy

to the Duke Huan of Qi, but the duke appointed Guan Zhong prime minister and

finally acnetplished his hegemony. Shun exiled Gun but promoted his son Yu. You

just make use of his strong points." At last, Duke Wen took his advice and put

the farmer in an important position.

Later, this idiom means a couple treats each other with respect like

guests.

郑人买履

A man of the state of Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes. He measured his

foot and put the measurement on a chair. When he set out for the market he

forgot to bring it along. It was after he had found the pair he wanted that this

occurred to him.

I forgot the measurement, said he.

He went home to get it but when he returned the market had broken up and he

did not get his shoes after all.

Why didnt you try on the shoes with your feet?

He was asked.

I d rather trust the measurement than trust myself.

入木三分

Wang Xi-zhi is one of the most famous calligraphers(书法家) during the Eastern

Jin Dynasty of China. When he was very young, he practiced his art every day and

never stopped.

Later he absorbed the strong points of all the other schools of

calligraphy, and developed his own unique style of writing. Because of his

achievements, he has been honored as one of Chinas sages of calligraphy. One

time, Wang Xi-zhi sketched in wood for an engraver to cut. Then the engraver

found the ink had penetrated one centimeter into the wood.

"Ru Mu San Fen" is got from this story, which means the calligraphy is

penetrating.

Now it is often used to describe expressing sharp ideas or profound

views.

望梅止渴

Among the outstanding figures of Chinese history, famous either for their

intelligence or treachery(背叛,变节), Cao Cao is one of the foremost.

One hot day, he marched out his troops under a burning sun in a mountainous

area. Bewilderingly(令人困惑地) he lost the way. The journey was long and the sun was

scorching. After their fruitless and tiresome march, all voiced their great

dissatisfaction with the leadership of Cao Cao. They bitterly complained of

their great thirst. The antagonism(对抗) of the soldiers was growing fast and they

were on the verge of staging a mutiny(兵变). The subordinate officers were

helpless to cope with the situation.

Cao Cao, however, in the nick of time cleverly and treacherously gave

orders to his troops to march to the nearby plum trees for a rest and announced

that soldiers would be allowed to eat the juicy sour(酸的) fruit as much as they

desired.

At the thought of the sour fruit the soldiers complaint of great thirst as

well as the antagonistic feeling were quickly forgotten.

Based on the story the later generation formed the proverb "to quench ones

thirst by looking up at plums", to illustrate a case where one takes comfort in

believing that they have already attained that which was expected or

desired.

买椟还珠

A man from the state of Chu wanted to sell a precious pearl in the state of

Zheng. He made a casket(小箱，棺材) for the pearl out of the wood from a magnolia(木兰)

tree, which he fumigated(熏制) with spices. He studded the casket with pearls and

jade, ornamented it with red gems and decorated it with kingfisher(翠鸟) feathers.

A man of the state of Zheng bought the casket and gave him back the pearl.

Too luxuriant(丰富的，奢华的) decoration usually supersedes(取代) what really

counts. This man from Chu certainly knew how to sell a casket but he was no good

at selling his pearl. And the man of Zheng didnt know which is really

valuable.

叶公好龙

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived in Chu a person named Chu

Zhuliang, who addressed himself as "Lord Ye".

Its said that this Lord Ye was very fond of dragons. The walls had dragons

painted on them. The beams, pillars, doors and the windows were all carved with

them. As a result, his love for dragons was spread out. When the real dragon in

heaven heard of this Lord Ye, he was deeply moved. He decided to visit Lord Ye

to thank him.

You might think Lord Ye was very happy to see a real dragon. But, actually,

at very the sight of the creature, he was scared out of his wits and ran away as

fast as he could.

From then on, people knew that Lord Ye only loved pictures or carvings

which look like dragons, not the real thing.

【注音】míng gǔ ér gōng zhī

【典故】非吾徒也，小子鸣鼓而攻之可也。 《论语·先进》

【释义】比喻宣布罪状，遣责或声讨。

【用法】作谓语；指公开声讨

【近义词】鸣鼓而攻

【押韵词】穷通得失、倒行逆施、称物平施、费尽心思、抓拿骗吃、剿抚兼施、如醉如痴、力竭声嘶、命若悬丝、玩法徇私、......

【英语】convictanddenounceinpublic

【成语故事】春秋时期，鲁国的季康子主张改革农田制度，承认私人可以拥有土地，想试行按亩征税，他的属下冉求是孔子的学生，就让冉求去征询孔子的意见。孔子反对改变王法，冉求支持季康子的改革，孔子就号召他的其他学生敲着鼓去进攻冉求

【示例】此秀才中之异端，尔其鸣鼓而攻之！但念在天色已晚，可与同居中国，速领他到西小房去！ 清·李百川《绿野仙踪》第七回

冰山难靠这则成语的意思是比喻依靠别人权势不能长久。

这个成语来源于《资治通鉴》，君辈倚杨右相如泰山，吾以为冰山耳！若皎日既出，君辈得无失所恃乎！

唐玄宗李隆基特别宠爱杨玉环，封她为贵妃。这下杨家便鸡犬升天了，她的堂兄杨国忠也官运亨通做了宰相，还兼领四十余个使官，大权在握，朝廷选任官吏都在他家里私下决定。

当时，陕西有一个进士，名叫张彖（tuan）没有机会作官。他的朋友们都劝他去拜见杨国忠，那样立刻就能升官发财。可是他始终不去，反倒对劝他的朋友说：你们都把杨国忠看得像泰山一样稳固，可是我以为他不过是一座冰山罢了。将来天下有了动乱，他就会垮掉，好比冰山遇到太阳化掉一样，到那时候你们就失掉靠山了。不久，安禄山起兵叛乱，攻下京城长安，杨国忠随同唐玄宗逃往四川，在马嵬驿，被士兵杀死。杨贵妃也被缢死，杨家这座靠山果然塌倒了。

出处：《史记.孔子世家》孔子晚而喜《易》，……读《易》韦编三绝。曰：“假我数年，若是，我于《易》则彬彬矣。”

释义：“韦”是熟牛皮；“韦编”指用牛皮绳编连起来的竹简书。“三”是概数，表示多次；“绝”是断的意思。孔子为读《易》而翻断了多次牛皮带子的简。后人用“韦编三绝”这个成语加以概括。用来形容读书刻苦勤奋。

故事：春秋时的书，主要是以竹子为材料制造的，把竹子破成一根根竹签，称为竹“简”，用火烘干后在上面写字。竹简有一定的长度和宽度，一根竹简只能写一行字，多则几十个，少则八九个。一部书要用许多竹简，这些竹简必须用牢固的绳子之类的东西编连起来才能阅读。像《易》这样的书，当然是由许许多多竹简编连起来的，因此有相当的重量。

孔丘花了很大的精力，把《易》全部读了一遍，基本上了解了它的内容。不久又读第二遍，掌握了它的基本要点。接着，他又读第三遍，对其中的精神、实质有了透彻的理解。在这以后，为了深入研究这部书，又为了给弟子讲解，他不知翻阅了多少遍。这样读夹读去，把串连竹简的牛皮带子也给磨断了几次，不得不多次换上新的再使用。即使读到了这样的地步，孔子还谦虚他说：“假如让我多活几年，我就可以完全掌握《易》的文与质了。”

春秋时期，齐国的大夫崔杼和庆封合谋杀了齐庄公，改立杵臼为君，史称齐景公。齐景公封崔杼为右相，庆封为左相。

庄公有两个忠诚的卫士，一个叫卢蒲癸，一个叫王何，在庄公遇害后都逃往国外。卢蒲癸在出逃前嘱咐弟弟卢蒲嫳说：“我出逃后，你要设法取得崔杼和庆封的信任，在适当的时机叫我回国，到时为庄公报仇。”

卢蒲癸走后，卢蒲嫳不负所嘱，当上了庆封的家臣。他很快发现，庆封名为左相却毫无实权，便利用崔杼几个儿子争夺继承权的矛盾，杀了崔杼一家，崔杼也自缢身亡。从此，大权便全落到庆封手里。

庆封感激卢蒲嫳，对他十分宠信。不久，庆封迷恋上了一个女子，把国政全部交给儿子庆舍。

卢蒲嫳极力劝说庆封，要他召回卢蒲癸，庆封答应了他。卢蒲癸终于回国，做了庆舍的侍卫。卢蒲癸勇猛过人，又故意奉承庆舍，很得庆舍的赏识，庆舍把自己的女儿庆姜嫁给了他。不久，卢蒲癸又说服庆舍召回王何，和他一起当侍卫。从此，卢蒲癸和王何加紧秘密活动，联络对庆氏不满的人，准备诛灭庆氏，为庄公报仇。

卢蒲癸的妻子庆姜见丈夫行动诡秘，问他在干些什么。卢蒲癸便把准备杀灭庆氏，为庄公报仇的事说了。庆姜很识大义，表示愿意帮助丈夫完成这一义举。

庆姜说到做到。卢蒲癸选在庆封出猎的那一天行动，庆姜说服父亲随同齐景公一起到太庙行祭礼，以便卢蒲癸等下手。举行祭礼时，卢蒲癸和王何突然执戈猛刺庆舍，庆舍垂死挣扎，用酒壶砸死了王何，卢蒲癸又领兵杀尽庆氏余党。庆封在出猎途中得到这个消息，带着出猎的士兵回来攻城，但城中防守严密，无法攻克，他只得逃到鲁国去了。

事后，有人问卢蒲癸说：“庆氏和卢氏都是姜氏的后裔，你怎么会娶同宗的庆姜为妻呢？”

卢蒲癸回答说：“庆舍不避同宗，要把女儿嫁给我，我为什么要避开呢?就像有人对《诗经》断章取义，来表达自己的意思，我也只取我所想要的，管什么同宗不同宗呢？”

“断章取义”这一成语是指不顾全篇文章或谈话的内容，孤立地取其中的一段或一句的意思，指引用与原意不符。

【出处】： 《诗·魏风·汾沮洳》：“彼其之子，美如英……彼其之子，美如玉。”

【举例造句】： 假如不幸我庄周死后，你这般如花似玉的年纪，难道捱得过三年五载？ ★明·冯梦龙《警世通言·庄子休鼓盆成大道》

【故事】： 我国最早的诗歌总集《诗经》中描写一个美丽多情的少女去野外采桑，看到一个长得像鲜花一样美丽、像碧玉一样清秀的青年男子，他虽然衣着朴素大方，举止言行处处很高雅，少女顿时对这个如花似玉的男子从心底产生爱慕之情

战国时期哲学家庄子的思想集道家思想之大成．庄子对名利非常淡泊，却喜好沉思，对各种事物都有自已独到的见解。一天，庄子和好友惠子同去濠水边游玩，只见不流缓缓，清澈见底，石缝之上，鱼儿悠闲地摆动着美丽的尾鳍。庄子不由地赞叹说：你看这些鱼儿出游从容，在水里多么快乐啊！惠子说：你不是鱼，怎么知道鱼的快乐呢？庄子反问道：你不是我，怎么知道我不晓得鱼的快乐呢？

惠子说：我不是你，不知道你的内心可你也不是鱼，怎能知道鱼的快乐呢？庄子回答说：因为我到了濠水桥上，看见鱼儿在从容不迫、自由自在地游，所以觉得鱼很快乐。这时风在吹，鸟在飞，水在流，庄子和惠子在辩论着，小鱼儿依然在从容不迫地悠游。人如果想和鱼儿一样自由快乐，从容不迫，就需要身体和心理都健康，这就需要我们培养健康的身心。

《周易·泰》：“拔茅茹以其汇。”

王弼注：“茅之为物，拔其根而相牵引者也。茹，相牵引之貌也。”

朱熹本义：“三阳在下，拔茅连茹之象。”

明李贽《续藏书·逊国名臣·文学博士方公》：“拔茅连茹，随汇并进。”

清钱谦益《寿房海客十四韵》：“排格引绳良已甚，拔茅连茹亦奚惭。”

康有为《大同书》戊部第四章：“若使女子平等就学，岂遂无人？安得以数人稍能深思创作之故，遂拔茅连茹，贵其不辨菽麦之同类而贱其聪慧明敏之女子哉！”茅盾《幻灭》：“铲除封建思想的呼声喊得震天价响，然而亲戚故旧还不是拔茅连茹地登庸了么？”亦省作“拔茅”、“拔茹”。

晋葛洪《抱朴子·名实》：“拔茅之义圮，而负乘之群兴。”

宋王禹偁《留别仲咸》诗之一：“头白忽抛攀桂伴，道消休话拔茅心。”

明李东阳《次韵答方石先生》之二：“拔茅已慰朝端望，附骥方惭榜下名。”

明唐顺之《谢欧阳石江巡抚书》：“惟当宁信明公之激扬，而知其顾盼必能得士，偶因拔茹及此汇征，虽荐人常恐其知。在明公绝不以言于口，而受知思所以报。”

宋朝大书法家，大画家米芾的儿子米友仁（字元晖），家学渊源，也和他父亲一样，既写得一手好字，又长于作画，尤其非常喜爱古人的作品。有一次，他在别人的船上，看见王羲之真笔字帖，欢喜的什么似的，立即要拿一幅好画交换，主人不同意，他急得大叫，攀着船舷竟就往水里跳，幸亏别人很快把他抱住，才不致落水。他有一样很大的本颁，便是学会模仿古人的画品。他在涟水的时候，曾经向人借回一幅“松牛图”描摹。后来他把真本留下，拿摹本还给人，这人当时没有觉察出来。拿着走了。直至过了好多日才来讨还原本。米友仁问他怎么看得出来，那人回答说：“真本中的眼睛里面，有牧童的影子;而你还我的这一幅却没有。”可是米友仁模仿古人的画品，很少被人发觉他的模本是假的。他经常千方百计向人借古画描摹；而摹完以后，总是拿样本和真本一齐送给主人，请主人自己选择。由与他摹仿古画的技艺很精，把模本和真本模得一模一样，主人往往把模本当成真本收回去，米友仁便因此获得了许多名贵的真本古画。

米友仁是一个有才能的艺术家，值得人们敬仰，又是一个古画的爱好者和欣赏者，让人们更加知道古画的妙处和价值，可是他用那种摹仿的假本巧妙地换取别人真本的行为，却是叫人鄙弃和不耻的。所以有人把他这种用巧妙方法骗取别人真本古画的行为，叫做“巧偷豪夺”。后来的人又从此引伸成“巧取豪夺”这句成语，用来形容人以不正当的巧妙方法，攫取自己不应得的财物。“巧取”，骗取也;“豪夺”，抢占也。而用此种方法攫取财物，也往往利便又所得很多，故有“巧偷豪夺，故所得多多”见（“清波杂志”）之语，例如，以神物做幌子的神棍，常常巧立名目，假借做什么佛事，骗取无知的人的财物。攫取私有，这便是“巧取豪夺”了。

【出处】： 《后汉书·刘玄传》：“帝方对我饮，正用此时持事来乎！”

词语辨析

【举例造句】： 不想他那里来请，正中下怀。 ★明·兰陵笑笑生《金瓶梅词话》第五十回

【拼音代码】： zzxh

【近义词】：如愿以偿、心满意足、称心如意

【反义词】：大失所望、出乎意料

【歇后语】： 聋子看哑剧；打准腹部

【灯谜】：忠

【英文】： play into somebodys hands

【用法】： 作谓语、宾语；形容符合心意

【故事】： 卢俊义从梁山泊回来后被妻子与李固诬陷入狱，燕青搭救没成功。梁山泊拼命三郎石秀在刀下救得卢俊义，也因寡不敌众而入狱。北京官府梁中书担心宋江出兵围城，只好将他们两人打入死牢暂不处死，老头蔡福正中下怀，设法保护两位好汉。