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高考全国二卷英语范文(热门20篇)

冬伯伯悄然无息地走了,却迎来了春姑娘.美丽的春姑娘在到处游玩.下面是小编帮大家整理的英语春节的作文,希望大家喜欢。

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2024年全国乙卷高考语文作文审题评析

全文共 1999 字

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1.材料的核心内涵

此材料分为四部分:数据表格(表头:北京:双奥之城);数据表格的文字说明;情境设置和驱动任务;常规性要求。

观察数据表格的表头可知,北京奥运会、冬奥会、冬残奥会一定能够展示中国人民爱国的热情,也一定能够体现中国新时代建设的伟大成就。

观察表格数据的横纵坐标表表可知,在比赛成绩方面,无论2008年还是2022年,都体现了中国之体育精神的强大,因为取得这么辉煌的成绩,必须要有为个人之梦和中国之梦想而战的强大拼搏之力和爱国之心(小梦与大梦);

在群众体育方面,中国人民对于体育的认知,已有了质的跨越,这说明我们的社会在进步,我们国家在强大,我们的综合国力在增强。因此,生活在如此的中国,应该有强大的自信和自豪感。

在奥会场地设置建造和交通支持方面,2022年奥会,更进一步展示了中国在科技创新领域,有了领先世界的发展方向,这说明,在科技领域方面的跨越,我国具备强大的力量和稳质的优点。

在国家经济方面,2008和2022年的数据之差,表明中国正在走跨越式的富强之路。

文字说明的核心句:你能感受到体育的荣耀和国家的强盛;未来前行,你将融入民族复兴的澎湃春潮。卓越永无止境,跨越永不停歇。

综上所述,核心词为:跨越、青年(我)。

2.驱动任务

以“跨越,再跨越”为主题写一篇文章,“体现你的感受与思考。”你感受就是体育的荣耀和国家的强盛,而体育的荣耀之核心就是爱国的情怀,国家的强盛之核心就是新时代青年自信的磅礴之力。

民族复兴梦尚未实现,虽然亲历其中的高三学生觉得中国很强大了,但是仍然需要为实现中华民族的复兴作出应有的贡献。

作为新时代的青年,处于“双奥之城,闪耀世界”的时代,你感受到了中国强大的综合国力,然而中华民族伟大复兴之梦还未实现,以此为背景,在未来,你们如何做,才能有利于民族复兴梦的实现呢?

你可以继承“双奥之城”的奥运精神,你可以为实现梦想而奋力拼搏,你还可以持续追求实现梦想的方式等;总之,为了民族复兴之梦,你在各个方面,都要勇撒青春,拥有爱国心。行动是真实、有效、可操作性的,程度是卓越永无止境,跨越永不停歇的。

2022年全国乙卷语文优秀作文【击鼓催征稳驭舟,奋辑扬帆再跨越】 2022 National Volume B outstanding composition [ drumming urging stabilization to control the boat, struggling to survive ]

十秩光阴似箭,廿年岁月如歌。双奥之城,闪耀世界;双奥之绩,炫目全球。作为年轻人,我们为之振奋、欢呼,更愿在民族复兴之路上,“击鼓催征稳驭舟,奋辑扬帆再跨越”。

利民之事,丝发必兴。实现再跨越需要心系人民不放松,开拓领域勇引领。

昔日,国势衰弱,国民愚弱,“病夫”频现。为此,伟人曾倡导“野蛮其体魄、锻炼其筋骨”,而今一些家长“重文轻体”,学生体质堪忧。我国举办奥运,可引领运动成风尚:中国体育健儿邹市明等闯进了由拳王阿里、刘易斯、杰西?欧文斯等“黑色旋风”所统治的领域;郭文珺百步穿杨、郭晶晶、吴敏霞如蛟龙跃海、姚明力挽狂澜、谷爱凌激情瞬间……无论是失败还是成功,健儿们坚韧狂放地张扬在赛场的各个角落里,他们笑与哭、呐喊与懊恼、喜极而泣与仰天长叹,无不在展示力量之美,运动之美,无不引领全民健身风潮。

终日乾乾,与时偕行。实现再跨越需要日新进取,创新不懈。

志不求易,事不避难。从08年世界跨度最大钢结构场馆“鸟巢”的建立到22年智慧场馆、智慧服务的广泛运用,双奥之城在科技上实现了跨越。当下及未来,要实现再跨越更需如此。君不见,发扬创新精神,我国创新科技大潮澎湃,重大创新成果竞相涌现:嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面成功着陆,世界第一张近距离拍摄的月背影像图成功传回;深海实时科学观测网顺利建成;数字技术为5G搭上腾飞的翅膀;航空技术创新让中国航天员进驻空间站如履平地,九天“拆快递”不再是梦中想象……

心至苍穹外,目尽星河远。实现再跨越需要居安思危,站位高远。

“胜非其难也,持之者其难也”,已经位居高处,稍有不慎,最易走下坡路。君不见,前苏联在与美国冷战时,一度是可以与美国一较高下的世界第二大经济体,可因为没有坚持经济的可持续发展,没有稳定的政治方向,最终被西方和平演变,国家经济、政治地位一落千丈。前车之鉴,后事之师。我们要实现跨越再发展,就必须居安思危,站位高远---补短板扬长板,打造强大引擎,聚力经济建设,增强国之实力。

北京两次奥运,不足15年,国内生产总值实现了三十万亿元到百万亿元的惊人跨越,中国经济已然领跑世界。和羹之美,在于合异。正是文明互鉴,站位高远,让我国日新月异,国力强盛。

春潮澎湃时,民族复兴中,我们生逢盛世当不负盛世,生逢其时当奋斗其时,击鼓催征,奋辑扬帆,实现再跨越!相信:不负人民者强,推陈创新者胜,久久为功者进,练就冲天翅,方可实现再跨越。

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篇1:跨越再跨越全国乙卷高考作文

全文共 752 字

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“一起来,一起向未来。”

2022年2月4日,农历正月初四晚八点,北京冬奥会以二十四节气作为倒计时,冬奥会在一片片欢呼声中终于拉开序幕。

当开场曲响起,我国少数民族人民用他们的激情洋溢将整个跑道点燃。现场,再次响起了北京2008年奥运会主题曲《我和你》,我思绪纷飞。

中国是敢于挑战的国家。虎象征着勇气、力量和成功,与北京冬奥完美契合。中国一首冬奥主题歌曲《点亮梦》让奥林匹克精神传遍寰宇。让世界领略中国的敢于挑战,勇于挑战的气魄。也让此次冰雪之约成为各国运动员为之拼搏的竞技场,为本就喜庆的新年又平添了一份“仪式感”中国在世界上又多了一个“勇于挑战”的代名词。

中国是承古萌新的国家,我们在二十四节气中可以看到中国古代人民的智慧结晶,流传千年而依旧有强大生命力。从开幕式上,人们看到了“燕山雪花大如席”的场景,也看到了时刻捕捉运动员精彩瞬间的高科技摄像机。在坚持传统特色文化的同时,中国也非常积极的探索着、创新着、让中国在世界上位居前列!

中国是爱好和平的国家。“得道多助,失道寡助”,中国用奥运会向世界阐明了“更团结”的含义,让某些西方政客抨击中国冬奥会,并且扬言“不派本国运动员参加此次冬奥”的混乱场面成为了国际笑话;各国代表团走入运动场时中国人民的欢呼声一浪高过一浪,更是向世界显示了中国是爱好和平的国家,中国人民是爱好和平的人民!

北京冬奥让世人见证了中国智慧与中国力量。虎年立春喜迎中国盛会,奥运五环重回中华古都!北京冬奥让世人共享这美好盛会,“同一个世界同一个梦想”!北京冬奥让世人更加热爱冰雪运动,让运动更加“可感”。

在体育赛场,为奖项拼搏与和平共处,互相尊重并不矛盾。赛场之外,各国深入理解。中国正追求的是人类爱好和平,谋求共同发展,合作,共赢!

冬奥盛会,让世界共享荣光,让世界一起来,一起向未来!

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篇2:难忘的高考记忆英语作文

全文共 1073 字

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The Memory About College Entrance Exam

The college entrance exam is a big exam for students, they have learned so many years for the purpose of entering the college. For most person, they have the very deep impression about the big exam, it has changes so many people’s destinies. I had taken part in the exam, I remember it clearly, the situation just like happened yesterday. I studied so hard, in those days that were nearing the exam, all the students focus their attention on the study, we fought together. The paper and the books were piled up our desks, when I entered the classroom, I hardly could see my classmates’ heads. Though it was the tough days for us, we felt happy, because we fought for our future, we believe what we do will bring us a promising future. These memories will linger on my mind forever.

高考对于学生来说是一个大的考试,他们已经学了那么多年,目的是考上大学。对于大部分人来说,他们对于这个重大的考试有很深的印象,它改变了很多人的命运。我已经参加了高考,我能清楚地记得它,那情形就像发生在昨天。我很努力学习,在那些接近考试的日子,所有的学生都集中他们的精力来学习,我们一起奋斗。那些书本和试卷堆满了我们的桌子,当我今日教室时,我几乎看不到同学的头。虽然那些日子很艰苦,但是我们觉得很开心,因为我们为未来奋斗,我们相信所做的会让我们的将来更加的明朗。这些记忆将永存在我的脑海里

[难忘的高考记忆英语作文

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篇3:关于全国助残日的英语作文带翻译

全文共 1840 字

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每年一次的“全国助残日”活动,动员了从中央到地方的各级领导及数以亿计的 关爱残疾人群众参加,形成了强劲的声势和规模,为众多残疾人提供了切实可行的帮助和扶持,有力地推动了残疾人事业的发展,其意义广泛而深远。

An annual "National Day" activities, to mobilize the masses and care for the disabled at all levels of leadership and the hundreds of millions of dollars from the central to the local in the formation of a strong momentum and scale, providing practical help and support for many people, a strong impetus to the development of the cause of the disabled, the extensive and profound significance.

通过与有关部门共同会签下发“助残日”活动文件,不仅加强了文件的权威性,而且广泛调动了有关方面的积极性,保障了“助残日”活动在各地的顺利开展。通过协调有关部委、单位参与“助残日”活动,使各职能部门更加全面地了解残疾人的需求,贴近残疾人,加大了政府各个领域支持残疾人事业的力度。

By jointly with relevant departments to sign "day" activities, not only to strengthen the authority of the document, and to mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad, the protection of the "day" activities in the country carried out smoothly. Through the coordination of the relevant ministries and units to participate in the "day" activities, the various functional departments of a more comprehensive understanding of the needs of the disabled, close to the disabled, increase in all areas of government efforts to support the work for disabled persons.

通过充分动员公共传媒积极反映残疾人生活,报道残疾人事业,团结和激励了一大批理解残疾人、热爱残疾人事业的新闻界朋友,利用各种传媒在社会上大力宣传人道主义,在全国形成了宣传报道残疾人事业的热点,营造了有利于残疾人事业可持续发展的舆论氛围和社会环境。

To reflect the life of disabled persons through the full mobilization of public media reports, the cause of the disabled, unity and inspired a large number of persons with disabilities, people with disabilities to understand the love of friends from the media, using a variety of media in society, vigorously promote the humanitarian, in the formation of hot spot coverage of the cause for the disabled, to create a conducive to the sustainable development of the cause of the disabled public opinion atmosphere and social environment.

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篇4:高考记忆英语作文

全文共 1023 字

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The college entrance exam is a big exam for students, they have learned so many years for the purpose of entering the college. For most person, they have the very deep impression about the big exam, it has changes so many people’s destinies. I had taken part in the exam, I remember it clearly, the situation just like happened yesterday.

I studied so hard, in those days that were nearing the exam, all the students focus their attention on the study, we fought together. The paper and the books were piled up our desks, when I entered the classroom, I hardly could see my classmates’ heads. Though it was the tough days for us, we felt happy, because we fought for our future, we believe what we do will bring us a promising future. These memories will linger on my mind forever.

高考对于学生来说是一个大的考试,他们已经学了那么多年,目的是考上大学。对于大部分人来说,他们对于这个重大的考试有很深的印象,它改变了很多人的命运。我已经参加了高考,我能清楚地记得它,那情形就像发生在昨天。

我很努力学习,在那些接近考试的日子,所有的学生都集中他们的精力来学习,我们一起奋斗。那些书本和试卷堆满了我们的桌子,当我今日教室时,我几乎看不到同学的头。虽然那些日子很艰苦,但是我们觉得很开心,因为我们为未来奋斗,我们相信所做的会让我们的将来更加的明朗。这些记忆将永存在我的脑海里。

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篇5:全国乙卷高考作文跨越再跨越

全文共 520 字

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中国在冬奥会筹备、餐饮住宿、志愿者服务、比赛场馆质量等诸多方面展现出高水准,国际社会在国际对比、切身体验中感受到中国的诚意和能力,表现出由衷的肯定。

北京冬奥会堪称一场“中国故事会”,凭实力讲中国故事、吸引世界观众和听众:开幕式既有中国文化创意,又有十足的科技感;国际奥委会主席表示,北京冬奥会场馆设施非常出色,所有运动员对此都非常满意;冬奥吉祥物“冰墩墩”成为顶流明星,获奖运动员在领奖台上对它爱不释手,摩纳哥阿尔贝亲王提出想带两个“冰墩墩”回家……

中国故事就是中国气派、中国精神,中国努力“办好自己的事”,用事实说话、用实力说话、用诚心诚意说话。中国不仅是在政治层面把发展当作第一要务,而且在国际事务中强调务实合作、合作共赢,赢得尊重和友谊。

讲好中国故事是一种传播活动,而举办北京冬奥会既是为全世界冰雪运动员搭建舞台,也是一场特殊的中国形象大型传播活动。观众和听众来自全球,声音抵达世界每一个角落,表达载体是体育这样一种跨越国界、文化和种族的通用语言。听听美国自由式滑雪选手弗雷汉德怎么说:“曾经冒烟的工厂如今正向空中‘发射’奥运选手。这是我见过的最酷的景象之一。”中国用事实说话,化解偏见,世界“最酷”让世界重新认识中国并客观看待中国。

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篇6:跨越再跨越全国乙卷高考

全文共 496 字

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犹记得2008年北京夏季奥运会时开幕式表演的震撼人心,圣火在鸟巢点燃时的流光溢彩,奥运健儿在赛场上挥洒汗水的激情彭拜,作为东道主迎接五湖四海的客人的自豪满怀。那代表奥林匹克精神的五环旗徐徐升起,承载着古老的华夏民族千百年来的希望和梦想,象征着悠远的文明古国在今日焕发出熠熠光彩。七年前,北京以一届“无与伦比”的夏季奥运会,在百余年奥林匹克树起了一座丰碑。如今,冬奥会的圣火又将在这片东方沃土上点燃。北京,这座有着3000多年历史的古都,将成为全球首个举办过夏季、冬季奥运会的城市。这对于促进冰雪运动开展,培育民众健康的生活方式,普及奥林匹克教育,弘扬奥林匹克精神,以及提升中国的软实力,全面展示开放、包容、和谐、共赢的国家形象和民族形象都有着重要的意义。

届时,延庆作为三大赛区之一,将承担高山滑雪和雪橇雪车共计19项比赛项目。作为一名新延庆人,衷心期望冬奥会能推动城市的发展,改善交通,优化环境,让延庆以更加优美的环境、更加良好的面貌,邀请世界各国客人来长城脚下过大年,展现中国传统文化,感受中华魅力,让世界看到不一样的延庆,不一样的北京,不一样的中国!我们预祝2022年北京冬奥会成功举办!

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篇7:2024成人高考英语作文写作素材精选

全文共 1366 字

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Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.

Whats lost is lost. 失者不可复得。

Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.

Tomorrow never comes. 切莫依赖明天. / 我生待明日,万事成蹉跎.

No man is infallible. 没有人不犯错误。

Alms never make poor. 施舍穷不了人.

Love will find a way. 爱心所至,金石为开.

Manners make the man. 举止见人品。

Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德.

Pity is akin to love. 怜悯生爱.

Call a spade a spade. 是啥说啥,难听不怕。

Delays are dangerous. 因循出危险.

Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手.

Counsel is no command. 劝告不是命令.

Poverty tries friends. 贫穷考验朋友.

Once bitten,twice shy. 吃一次亏,学一次乖.

Pain past is pleasure. 痛苦过去即欢乐.

Leal heart lied never. 心诚无谎言。

Hot love is soon cold. 过热的爱情冷得快.

As good lost as found. 有得必有失. /得失同喜.

Every dog has his day. 瓦块也有翻身日,人人都有运来时。

Wise fear begets care. 懂得担心,就会小心.

"Never”is a long word. 不要轻易说“决不”。

After wind comes rain. 风是雨的头。

Nurture passes nature. 教养胜过天性.

Time tries all things. 时间检验一切.

Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.

No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.

The truth will out. 真相总会大白.

Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.

To think is to see. 思考就是明白.

Truth will prevail. 真理必胜

A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。

Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.

In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.

Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.

Every little helps. 点滴都有用.

Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度,勿念旧恶。

Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.

Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.

Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.

Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.

Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.

Fair plays a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.

Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.

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篇8:全国1卷不忘初心,攀登进阶高考优秀

全文共 862 字

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我们每个人最初都有一个梦想,那就是初心;而初心正是我们所需要的精神动力。在人生的道路上,只有不忘初心,才能遇见曙光。

我的爸爸和爷爷都有一手漂亮的好字,每次看见他们的字,我都心旷神怡。那时我才学会写几个歪歪扭扭的字,心里就萌生了一个想法:我也要写出一笔漂亮的字出来,也好让他们欣赏欣赏。

于是,我便向爸爸提出了上书法课的想法。他愉快地同意了。

第一次上课时,我既激动又紧张。凉爽的秋风从窗外吹进书写的课堂,让我倍感舒适,觉得那一个个的方块字很快就要从我的指间漂漂亮亮地跳出来了,梦想就要成真了。

上课时,老师讲的基本概念和书写方法,我都听得很仔细;每次示范,我都认认真真地盯着每一笔;练习时,我严格按照方法,一笔一划地练着。虽然我的书写速度较慢,但写出来的字却大有进步。

于是,我就对书法更感兴趣了。每次上课,我都紧紧地跟着老师走,但随着讲的内容越来越深入,我开始有点摸不着头脑了。而且书写慢使我的练习也减少,被同学迅速超越。

没办法,我向爸爸求救了。

我对爸爸说:“书法太难了,我都快跟不上了,该怎么办啊?是不是应该放弃练书法呢?”爸爸微笑着,说:“你已经学了这么久,何必放弃,半途而废呢!”我说:“可是内容太难搞懂了,而且字也复杂难写了,我实在写得很累很累。”他说:“不要怕,有我来帮你。”说着,他走到一个装满了书的收纳箱前,蹲了下来,仔仔细细地翻着,翻弄了一会儿,他翻出了一本破旧的书本,放在我跟前,指着书页里几行歪歪扭扭的字,对我说:“这是你之前的字,而你现在的字,比这好看多了。只要你肯坚持下来,那么你会取得更大的进步。”

听了他的话,我沉思了良久,最后我决定坚持练下去。

于是,每天上课时我仍然认真听着,认真看着,认真练着。在家里我一写完作业,就拿出米字格来练。爸爸也经常手把手教我——握着我的手,教我每一笔怎么写,以及运笔的方法。

就这样,我不忘初心,坚持练习,字写得越来越好看了。后来我经常参加书法比赛,多次获得了金奖,那些金黄的奖状就像闪着金色的曙光。

孟子说过“贤者能勿丧是心”,所以我们应该坚持向前,不忘初心,才会看见曙光。

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篇9:高考英语满分作文:MobilePhone

全文共 1116 字

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导语:近年来,手机很受中学生的欢迎。说说你对这种现象的看法,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

Being a product of high-technology,mobile phones are being more and more widely used. Its small in size, light in weight and easy to carry, offering fast and convenient service for communication.Its of multi-function. The users use it for calling, sending short messages and internet-surfing.

In recent years, mobile phones have become popular among middle school students. Quite a few use them at school to keep in touch with their families and friends instead of writing letters, which, of course brings convenience to them. But I dont think its good to do so.

In spite of the advantage mentioned above, student users often waste a lot of time chatting over the phone in their spare time, some even use them to cheat in exams. In addition, mobile phone bill is also a heavy burden on students families.

【参考翻译】

作为高科技的产物的手机正得到越来越广泛的应用。手机体积小、重量轻、便于携带,能提供快捷、方便的通信服务。功能很多,用户用它来打电话,发短信和上网。

近年来,手机很受中学生的欢迎。不少学生在学校使用它们来与家人和朋友保持联系,而不是通过写信的方式,这当然给他们带来便利。但我不认为这样做很好。

除了上述优势,学生用户经常浪费很多时间在电话里聊天,有些人甚至使用它们在考试中作弊。此外,移动电话费也成为一个学生的家庭沉重的负担。

相关标签: 学生Student 手机Mobile phone

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篇10:什么是爱高考优秀英语作文

全文共 2431 字

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a lot of people shared their views to what love really is, or at least what love is in their eyes. perhaps love is just an illusion. a strong illusion, especially for those who are searching for a purpose of life. is love an answer? love can be wonderful, special, complicated, a distress, a gift, a curse, a tragedy, and most of all, an eperience. love is a mysterious and a complicated force. what do a person mean when they say they love someone? love is many different things. each of us have our own understanding of love is, and most of the time we base our definitions from feelings and eperiences. the book defines love in many ways. "it is a strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties." it can be an affection and tenderness felt by lovers. love is the object of attachment, devotion, or admiration.

just when we thought we finally grasp what love is, somebody asks:"does anyone really know what love mean? i believe i have a true love, but true love is always hurt, isnt it?"i scratches my head with this thought and began to wonder. what is the answer to this? "this i have to know!" i said to myself. i looked in the mirror and asked "is it a true love when you know you want to live with this special person for the rest of your life? have we reached true love when we are ready to give everything away towards our subject? or maybe when can go as far as to sacrifice ourselves for our love? what about love as an obsession? is that possible?

"but isnt love suppose to be an obsession? if it is not, then youd have to rationalize. if you rationalize then its not love, because there is always a better rationalization.""i think the "in love" phase is obsessive but according to williamson (and backed up by my paltry eperience), love does not involve the ego, is selfless and the opposite of obsession."according to marriane williamson, the author of "a return to love," there is a "holy love" and a "special love." "the latter type is the obsessiveone; finding that one special person absorbs _all_ your attention."

so who is right and who is wrong about love? there is no wrong answer. love is many wonderful things. love may not work out all the time but it leaves you a special sort of feeling, like nothing you have ever imagined. is love a purpose of life? i think are life will be dull without it. but is it necessary? important? it is a part of life, and forever it will be a part of us.

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篇11:高考英语满分作文合集

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高考英语满分作文 Note 便条

Dear Alice.

I wonder if you eould lend me your Chinese-English dictionary. I will return it three days later. Now I am translating an important Chinese article into English. However, I often meet some Chinese words which I dont know how to say in English. So I have to turn to the Chinese-English dietionary for help from time to time. But mine is lost. I will take good care of your dictionary. I will definitely not damage it. Thank you very much!

Jenny

亲爱的艾丽丝:

我想知道你能否把你的汉英词典借给我,三天后还给你。现在我正在把一篇重要的中文文章翻译成英文。然而我经常遇到一些不知如何用英语表达的词,所以我必须时不时地求助于汉英词典,但是我的丢了。我会好好爱护你的词典,绝不损坏。非常感谢!

珍妮

5月15日

May 15th

Dear Alice,

Would you please lend me your Chinese-English dictionary? I will give it back three days later. Now I am translating an important Chinese article into English. In the article I often find Chinese words which I cannot translate into English, so I often need a Chinese-English dictionary But I

myself have no one. I will cherish your dictionary very much and promise not to damage it. Thanks a lot!

Jenny

亲爱的艾丽丝:

能把你的汉英词典借给我吗?三天后还给你。现在我正在翻译一篇重要的中文文章。在文章中,我经常发现一些我不会翻译成英语的词,所以我需要一本汉英词典。但是我没有。我会好好爱护你的词典,绝不损坏。非常感谢!

公共演讲的好处 Benefits of Public Speaking

Public speaking is bothinteresting and challenging. It is interesting because it asks you to come to abetter understanding of human nature and human communication. It is challengingbecause it asks you to take a risk, to put yourself in a situation where youcan succeed or fail in your effort to make a difference. As you go further,however, you will find more benefits of public speaking go beyond learning howto express yourself orally. The process of your speaking improves suchpractical skills as the following:

公众演讲既有趣也有挑战性。有趣是因为它要求你去更好地理解人的本质与人与人之间的沟通。它具有挑战性是因为它要求你承担风险,要把自己置身于经过你的努力既可能成功也可能失败的情况下。但是,如果你进行得更深入,你会发现公众演讲更有益于学习如何用口头表达自己。你的演讲过程提高了以下的一些技能如实践技能:

1. Organizational Skills

组织能力

The ability to organize ideas isa skill you will employ before you ever write a speech. As you practice, youwill also discover that the organizational skills are so essential in composingspeeches because it requires your skills of outlining, planning, organizing andpresenting your ideas logically.

组织能力是在写演讲稿之前就会使用的一种技能。在你练习的时候,你也会发现组织能力对于演讲是如此重要,因为它需要概述,规划,组织,有逻辑的表达自己的能力。

2. Writing Skills

写作能力

Many of the skills you use tocompose good speeches are the same as those you need to write well. Thepractice you gain preparing speeches will improve your ability to express yourideas on paper. You will learn how to get your audience’s attention, how toorganize your ideas clearly, and how to find more evidences to support your ideas.These skills will be beneficial to your writing.

许多用于撰写演讲的技巧和写好作文的技巧是一样的。在准备演讲前的练习会提高你在纸上的表达能力。你会学会如何获取听众的注意力,如何清楚地组织你的想法,如何找到更多的证据来支持你的观点。这些技巧将有助于你的写作。

3. Critical Thinking

批判思考能力

As we know, it’s important to guidestudents to think and to analyze. Public speaking skills and related listeningskills provide valuable tools for the critical analysis of ideas. By studyingthe use of supportive materials and persuasive strategies, you’ll learn how tofind an argument’s weak points and learn to ask questions, which needs greatcritical thinking.

我们都知道引导学生思考和分析是很重要的。公众演讲技巧及相关听的技巧对批判性分析想法提供了有价值的工具。通过学习支持资料和有说服力策略的使用,您将学习如何找到论据的薄弱点,学会问问题,这需要很强的批判性思维。

4. Research Skills

调查能力

Often, when students are asked toprepare a report, they go to the library or search the Internet to look for thereference books or articles they need. You will get into contact with a varietyof research materials and select something most valuable to you.

通常,当学生被要求准备一份报告的时候,他们会去去图书馆或上网找他们需要的参考书或文章。你将接触到各种研究材料并找到一些对你最宝贵的东西。

5. Listening Skills

聆听技巧

Speaking and listening go hand inhand. Whenever someone gives a speech, there is an audience to listen to it. Bylearning good speaking techniques, you’ll prepare speeches within audience’sunderstanding. You will also learn how to listen to other speakers in order tohear all the key points.

听说齐头并进。每当有人演讲时,都有观众在听。通过学习良好的演讲技巧,你会准备在听众理解范围之内的演讲。为了听得到所有的重点您还将学习如何倾听他人的演讲。

6. Strain Capacity

应变能力

Giving a speech to a group ofpeople involves a great deal of risk. However, it is true that by learning howto give a speech in front of a group, your self-confidence will grow, which helpsyou to confident enough to communicate with others and adapt to differentsituations. To a large extent, success in life depends on your ability to adaptto your environment and feel good about yourself.

给一群人做演讲涉及的风险很大。但是,这是真的,通过学习如何给在人群前演讲,你的自信心就会增强,这有助于你有足够的信心与他人沟通,适应不同的情况。在很大程度上,生活中的成功取决于你对环境的适应能力以及自我感觉良好程度上。

高考英语满分作文 :对人们大量捕杀动物的看法 A large number of people to kill animals

As is often read in the newspaper reports, wild life especially the rare species is threatened with extinction. Human beings are making attempts to hunt wild animals for a big profit., which, of course, results in a sharp decrease in the number of animals. So it is high time for us to take quick action to protect them. First of all, it’s quite necessary for every citizen to realize the importance of animal protection. Only by knowing its importance can people develop a sense of responsibility. People will surely take it for granted to have the duty to prevent any killing of wild animals. So a national publicity campaign should be launched, thus giving animals a good living environment. In addition, the government should pass some laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals. We don’t expect anything harmful to wild life to happen again.

正如经常在报纸上读到的报道,特别是野生动物,特别是珍稀物种正受到灭绝的威胁。人类正试图寻找野生动物的巨大利润,当然,这导致了动物数量的急剧减少。因此,我们是时候采取快速行动来保护他们了。首先,每一个公民都有必要认识到动物保护的重要性。只有认识到它的重要性,人们才能培养一种责任感。人们肯定会把它视为理所当然的,以防止任何杀害野生动物的义务。因此,一个国家的宣传活动应该被推出,从而给动物一个良好的生活环境。此外,政府应该通过一些法律禁止任何稀有动物的捕猎。我们不希望任何有害的野生生活发生再发生。

If everyone is involved in the protection of wild life, we’re sure man will be a good friend of animals rather than their enemy.

如果每个人都参与保护野生动物的生命,我们相信人类会成为动物的好朋友,而不是他们的敌人。

高考英语作文的范文:时间的价值The Value Of Time

I always think there is not enough time. For example, I have just taken a three-day holiday. But when I look back, I just feel that it’s only one day. There goes a proverb, “Time is money”. Now I want to say, time is more precious than money, because when money is spent, we can earn some more again. However, when time is gone or lost, never will it return.

Time goes without being noticed. The time for our study and work is usually limited. So I think we must make full use of our time. But it’s a pity that I am always not aware of the importance of time until it’s too late.

So I think, I should get into the good habit of saving time because wasting time is equal to wasting one’s life. Do not put off what can be done today till tomorrow!

我总觉得时间不够用,比如,我刚放完三天假期,但是当我回过头看,感觉就只有一天。有个谚语,时间就是金钱。我现在觉得,时间比金钱更珍贵,因为,钱花掉了,我们还可以挣得更多,但是,逝去的时间,就再也回不来。

时间流逝没有任何预告,学习和工作的时间往往都是有限的。所以我们应该充分利用好时间,但是,我通常不知道时间的重要性,直到为时已晚的时候才意识到。

所以,我们应该培养良好的习惯去争取时间,因为浪费时间等于浪费生命。不要把今天能完成的事拖延到明天。

奥运英语作文北京奥运第一枚金牌属于谁呢?Who is the first gold medal in Beijing Olympic Games?

北京奥运第一枚金牌属于谁?

The suspense over who will win the first Olympic medal and in which event is really a interesting thing. Chinese officials are determined to make sure China, as the host country, wins the first gold of the Games. The womens 10m air rifle - which includes two Chinese medal favorites - has its final scheduled at 10:30 am on Aug 9 and should end about 20 minutes later.

对谁将赢得第一枚奥运奖牌,并在这一事件的悬念是真的是有趣的事情。中国官员决心确保中国作为东道主,赢得奥运会的第一金。女子10米气步枪-其中包括两中国奖牌收藏有其最终定于9日上午10:30,应该结束约20分钟后。

If all goes as planned, either reigning gold medalist shooter Du Li or world champion Zhao Yinghui will raise 2008s first gold at the Beijing Shooting Range.

如果一切按计划进行,无论是卫冕金牌得主杜丽或射击世界冠军赵颖慧将在北京拍摄范围提高2008的第一金。

But if Du and Zhao are too far behind in points going into the final, the rumor says, organizers will delay the last ten shots of the final while the weightlifting final goes on as planned so China can secure the gold.

但如果杜和赵是太远的后面进入决赛,谣言说,组织者将推迟最后十次的最后一次,而最后的最后一次,因为这是有计划的,所以中国可以保证黄金。

I think the first gold medal must belong to we Chinese, let wait this moment together.

我想第一块金牌一定是我们中国人,让我们一起等吧。

爱心俱乐部 Love club

Dear Chairperson, I am a girl student from Class 3, Grade 2. Id like to be a member of the Helping Hands Club. I’m 15 years old. I’m strong and healthy. I work hard at my lessons. My favourite subjects are geography and science. I like helping others. I’m generous. I’m willing to share things with my friends. I love sports. I’m interested in playing volleyball. Last year, I often gave my seat to someone in need on the bus. I often helped my classmates solve problems. I donated my pocket money to Project Hope. I want to join the club to help more people. And I also want to make more friends. Ill be pleased if Im accepted. Im looking forward to your answer. Yours Wang Fang

尊敬的主席,我是一名3年级2班的女生。我想成为一个帮助俱乐部的会员。我15岁。我强壮健康。我努力学习我的功课。我最喜欢的科目是地理和科学。我喜欢帮助别人。我很慷慨。我愿意和我的朋友分享东西。我喜欢运动。我对打排球感兴趣。去年,我经常给有需要的人坐在车上。我经常帮助我的同学解决问题。我把我的零花钱捐给了希望工程。我想加入俱乐部,帮助更多的人。我还想结交更多的朋友。如果我被接受,我会很高兴。我期待你的回答。王芳

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篇12:高考环境保护英语作文

全文共 2269 字

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The campus is like the flowers, the fragrance of the intoxicating, the smell of love. The schoolyard is like rain dew, nourish us, cultivate us; The campus is like a dream, that kind of beautiful, that kind of sweet. I love this garden campus.

"Beautify campus, green campus". Our campus has become green and beautiful. Flowers, small trees, patches of grass, flowerbeds, our campus is full of life and fresh.

"The air is fresh, clean and tidy environment, buildings, surrounded by green trees", who dont want to in such a clean, sanitary, healthy growth of the beautiful campus learning? But for various reasons, our campus environment is being undermined by the bad behavior of some students. Nowadays, in our beautiful campus, there are some uncivilized phenomena, some students randomly throw in the peel of paper, plastic bottles, melon seed shells and so on. Whenever naughty wind these waste, running here and there, tinkling like a child, helpless, we can only watch them on campus "dance", and even some classmates in the scribble on the white wall and the desk carved, and disorderly spit phlegm, and so on. All this, cannot match with our beautiful campus. See these phenomena, how would you feel? Does studying here make everyone happy?

In order to let us have the beautiful campus of green trees, clean environment and grass, please act quickly! Use your own hands to protect the beauty of the campus environment. Through radio, blackboard, speech competition, knowledge competition, the development theme class meeting, publicity of the importance of protecting our campus environment, the necessity, form "real small is my home, beautiful depends on everybody" good atmosphere; Start everyone from yourself and start with the little things around you. As the saying goes, "do not be small but do not be evil." Get into the habit of not littering, spitting, not scribbling, trampling on the lawn, moving, bending, and so on. Dear students, Let us join hands and work together to create a beautiful and tidy learning environment for ourselves. Isnt that bad?

I am convinced that the campus is beautiful, friendly, is a place where we learn to grow, we love the campus, love every inch of the campus, lets work together to protect the environment of the campus!

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篇13:满分高考英语作文TheBicycleinChina

全文共 638 字

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The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China. China is a country “on bicycle wheels”。 People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work. Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.

There are many advantages to riding a bicycle. First, using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities. Second, people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.

The future of bicycle will be bright. In some European countries, city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.

[满分高考英语作文The Bicycle in China

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篇14:高考英语作文常用语句

全文共 1193 字

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一、用于驳性和比较性论文

In general, I don’t agree with

2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。

3. The chief reason why… is that…

4.There is no true that…

5. It is not true that…

6. It can be easily denied than…

7. We have no reason to believe that…

8. What is more serious is that…

9. But it is pity that…

10. Besides, we should not neglect that…

二、用于描写图表和数据

It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998.

2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year。

3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.

4. It would be expected to increase 5 times。

5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year。

6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996.

7. The total number was lowered by 10%。

8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year。

9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent。

10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.

三、用于解释性和阐述性论说文

Everybody knows that…

2.It can be easily proved that…

3. It is true that…

4. No one can deny that

5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…

6. The chief reason is that…

7. We must recognize that…

8. There is on doubt that…

9. I am of the opinion that…

10. This can be expressed as follows;

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篇15:有关流感的高考英语作文

全文共 1259 字

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导语:流行性感冒(简称流感)是流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染,也是一种传染性强、传播速度快的疾病。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

As we know, a growing outbreak of H1N1 flu has been sparked in many countries. An increasing number of cases are being reported every day。

It’s thought that H1N1 flu spreads in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses do, that is, spreading from person-to-person, mainly through the coughs and sneezes of people who are sick with the virus。

Faced with this severe disease, here are some everyday measures we should take to stay healthy. First, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread that way. If you get sick, stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them。

Finally, H1N1 flu is not a terribly deadly disease, which is curable. So, don’t be nervous and just keep calm as usual。

【参考翻译】

正如我们所知,在许多国家已经爆发了H1N1流感的爆发。每天都有越来越多的病例被报告。

人们认为甲型H1N1流感的传播方式和常规的季节性流感病毒一样,也就是说,人与人之间的传播,主要是通过病毒感染者的咳嗽和打喷嚏。

面对这种严重的疾病,这里有一些日常的措施,我们应该保持健康。首先,在咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾捂住鼻子和嘴巴。经常用肥皂和水洗手,尤其是在你咳嗽或打喷嚏之后。避免接触眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴。细菌传播的方式。如果你生病了,留在家里工作或学校,并限制与他人接触,以防止感染他们。

最后,甲型H1N1流感不是一种致命的疾病,可以治愈。所以,不要紧张,像往常一样保持镇静。

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篇16:2024年高考英语写作素材:劳动节祝福

全文共 2858 字

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五一劳动节,旅游不停歇,领略风光好,提升新境界,亲朋遥相聚,说笑不分离,身体虽疲惫,心里自然美,人间情珍贵。节日虽忙碌,没忘送祝福劳动节快乐!

Labor Day, travel non-stop, enjoy the scenery, to enhance the new realm, relatives and friends. Together, talking and laughing are not isolated, is physically tired heart, the beauty of nature, the world precious love. The holiday is busy, dont forget to send blessings: a happy labor day!

五一到,扛一筐快乐,背一袋开心,真心送你送顺心;顶一卷如意,举一群幸福,真诚送你送温馨;揽一堆安康,扒一块吉祥,真情送你送舒心,愿你笑容绽放每一秒,五一劳动节快乐!

Five one to carry a basket, happy, happy heart to send back a bag, send you my best; each volume, for a group of happy, sincerely give you send a bunch of warm embrace; Ankang, with a piece of luck, love to send you to comfort, wish you smile every second, Labor Day happy!

编一个短信送给你,写份祝福送给你。五一来临之际,为您送上一份衷心的祈祷与祝福,诚祝您与您的家人度过一个愉快的劳动节!

Write a message to you, write a blessing to you. Five one approaching, to pray and bless you a heartfelt, sincere wish you have a nice day with your family!

携着一缕缕阳光心情妙,伴着一春浓浓芬芳笑容爽,发一段长长祝福万事吉,添一段甜甜回忆情意浓,道一声幸福悠长体安康,愿你五一劳动节生活美满,幸福常。

With the sun continuously wonderful mood, with a thick fragrant spring smile bright, send a blessing all long Ji, add a sweet memories of affective thick, say happiness long body of Ankang, I wish you a happy life Labor Day, happiness always.

劳动虽光荣,心情要放松,平常工作忙,身体好辛苦,五一假期到,外面风光好,快乐和健康,朋友要享到,愿君少烦恼,幸福粘你跑。

Labor is glorious, the mood to relax the body, usually busy with work, good work, five one holidays to the outside scenery, good, healthy and happy, to enjoy friends, wish you happy worry, stick you run.

平时工作太劳累,假期可以按时睡;清除烦恼忘琐碎,开心乐观不后退;真挚友谊诚可贵,短信祝福真实惠;劳动节里心情美,快乐和你永相随。

I work too hard, the holidays can sleep; clear trouble forget the trivial, happy dont retreat; sincere friendship is precious, SMS blessing real benefits; labor day in the mood beauty, happiness and you forever.

又是今年五一到,平安吉祥没烦恼:骑上顺利的单车,背起开心的背包,走上自在的小路,闻着甜蜜的花香,给自己身心一个放松的旅行,自然会得到生命更美好的记忆!五一提醒:必须开心,必须放松!

This year is the five one, peace auspicious not worry: ride smooth bicycle, carrying happy backpack, to ease road, smelling the sweet fragrance of flowers, give yourself a relaxing trip, will naturally be more beautiful memories of life! Five one reminder: must be happy, must be relaxed!

五月微风好春光,槐花栀子竟飘香,五一劳动节又来临,短信祝福送给你,外出旅游要小心,爱护文物和古迹,悠闲自得莫疲惫,健康排在第一位,饮酒千万别开车,平平安安才是真,祝朋友劳动节快乐!

In May a good spring, flower fragrance of Gardenia unexpectedly, Labor Day comes again, SMS blessing you, travel, be careful, protect cultural relics and historical sites, leisurely not tired, health in the first row, dont drink and drive, peace is the true friend, I wish a happy labor day!

平常忙,难游玩,工作多,好疲惫,五一到,假期来,爬爬山,观观海,赏赏花,陪陪家,远烦恼,多欢乐,心情愉,身体健,好朋友,常挂心,送祝福,万事顺。

Usually busy, difficult to play, work, good tired, five one, holidays, mountain climbing, sea view, appreciation of flowers, spend time with family, far more joy, worry, feel good, good health, good friends, often worry, send blessings, maestro.

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篇17:2024年高考英语满分作文:给动物园工作人员写一封信

全文共 1068 字

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假定你是李华,从小喜爱大熊猫(panda),一直通过有关网站(website)关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封

1、 自我介绍;2、 祝贺苏琳生日;3、 感谢工作人员;4、 索取苏琳三岁生日照。

注意:

1、词数100左右;2、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3、开头语已为你写好。

例文:

Dear Sir/Madam,

Greetings from China!

I’m Li Hua, a student in Sichuan. I’ve been a panda lover since I was a child. About three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and I’ve been watching her grow on your website,. Now she’s going to be three. I’d like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work, because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.

By the way, could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday? Thank you very much in advance.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

好词

1.delighted adj.欣喜的,快乐的 2.express v.表达 3.give birth to v.产生,生育

好句

I’d like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work, because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.

我祝福它生日快乐并且对你们的辛勤工作表达我的感激之情,正是你们的努力工作让苏琳和它的父母在美国过着幸福和健康的生活。

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篇18:跨越再跨越全国乙卷高考

全文共 514 字

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我的表妹怡怡今年五岁了。她长的挺机灵的,可爱的小脸上长着一双大大的眼睛,圆溜溜的,像两颗溜溜球,活像动画片里面的小公主,而且每天自己也都像一位公主一样骄傲。

一天,怡怡坐在椅子上,看着我写作业。突然,她叫了起来:“写的不好看,写的不好看!”吓了我一跳。没等我开口,他就拿起橡皮,把我认认真真写的字都擦掉了,又拿起笔歪歪斜斜地写了几个字。骄傲的说:“看我写的字比你的好看多了!”然后伸出4个手指说:“我比你好看8倍。”她把我搞得哭笑不得。然后我说:“你这个小公主呀!你要再伸4个手指头才对。”妹妹听了又伸出了4个手指头,笑了笑,笑得真开心啊!

有一次,我正在画画,怡怡非要我去和她玩,我说:“我现在不能跟你去玩,我还要画画呢!”她看我不跟她玩就拿起我的水彩笔在我的画上乱画,我生气了在她的背后打了一下,她没有哭,只是回了我一拳。然后说:“我是小公主,绝对不会被你欺负的。”她刚说完,妈妈来了,这时她泪汪汪地说:“姐姐她打我。”妈妈一听就说:“你怎么可以打妹妹呢!”我一看到妈妈来了,就赶快逃跑。因为妈妈实在是太唠叨了,怡怡看见,得意洋洋地笑着。

虽然妹妹很骄傲,但是她傲慢的时候还带着一丝丝可爱的地方,简直就像一个调皮的精灵一样惹人爱!

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篇19:2024年高考英语写作素材:端午节的故事

全文共 1676 字

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(一)屈原投江

(one) Qu Yuan River

为了纪念爱国诗人屈原,居民为了不让跳下汨罗江的屈原尸体被鱼虾吃掉,所以在江里投下许多用竹叶包裹的米食(粽子),并且竞相划船(赛龙船)希望找到屈原的尸体。

To commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan, residents in order not to let Qu Yuans Miluo River jumped by fish and shrimp to eat, so in the river for the rice wrapped in bamboo leaves with many (dumplings), and race (rowing Dragon Boat Race) to find Qu Yuans body.

(二)曹娥寻父尸

(two) case of seeking father.

东汉孝女曹娥,因曹父溺江而亡,年仅十四岁的她沿江豪哭,经十七日仍不见曹父尸首,乃在五月一日投江,五日后两尸合抱而浮起的感人事迹, 乡人群而祭之。

The Eastern Han Dynasty filial daughter Cao E, drowned himself in a river because Cao father died, only fourteen years old, she cried along the ho, after seventeen days still do not see Cao father body, but in May 1st the river, five days from two dead and floating deeds, people group and sacrifice.

(三)白蛇传

(three) the legend of white snake

传说白蛇白素贞,为了报答许仙的恩惠,与许仙结为夫妻的凄美的爱情故事,传说端午节当天白蛇喝了雄黄酒,差点现出蛇形,加上法海白蛇及水淹金山寺的情节,都是脍炙人口的民间戏曲的曲目。

The legend of white snake and Bai Suzhen, in order to repay the grace of Xu Xian, and Xu Xianjie married the beautiful love story, the legend of the White Snake Legend of the Dragon Boat Festival a male Yellow Wine, almost a snake, white snake and flooded with sea Jinshan Temple of the plot, is a folk opera music win universal praise.

(四)伍子胥的忌日

(four) the anniversary of the death of Wu Zixu

传说伍子胥助吴伐楚后,吴王阖闾逝世,皇子夫差继位,伐越大胜,越王句践请和,伍子胥主战,夫差不听,却听信奸臣言,赐伍子胥自杀,并于于五月五日将尸体投入江中,此后人们于端午节纪祀伍子胥。

Legend has it that Wu Zixu will Fachu Wu, Wu helv Prince died, his successor, the victory of the king, and Wu Zixu battle, the king, do not listen, but listen to a word, give Wu Zixu Dutch act, and on May 5th the bodies into the river, then people in the Dragon Boat Festival worship Wu Zixu ji.

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篇20:全国高考甲卷满分作文题目

全文共 1266 字

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《“沁芳”虽新雅 “独创”仍待察》

以《红楼梦》“题对额”情节作引的高考全国甲卷语文作文题,在今年一众高考作文题中格外“出圈”。贾宝玉所题“沁芳”二字,被认为新雅不俗、蕴藉含蓄。如此新异的表达能否构成作品?对于作品创作而言,原创与独创标准是否一致?这些问题值得创作者群体认真审视。

原创不一定符合独创性要求

原创不同于独创。“原创”是指最早创作,即首创,强调创作行为发生的时间。原创作品的具体表达是“前无古人”的,思想或创意亦是独一无二的,《红楼梦》便是典型的原创文字作品。“独创”是《著作权法》中的概念,是对表达的要求,而不针对思想。“独创”包含“独自创作”和“独特地创造”两层含义。各国的著作权法普遍将独创性规定为作品的基本构成要件之一,强调作品须为作者独立创作,内容应源于作者本人且须达到一定的创作高度。

独创不要求原创。独创反对抄袭,只要求独立创作,而不苛求首创。因此,作品独创性的来源不但包括从无到有的独立创作,还包括基于在先作品进行的演绎创作。即只要作品在表达上具有新颖性和创造性,不论其思想或创意是否是亘古未有的,都属于独创。有红学家指出“沁芳”二字取义于《西厢记》的唱词“花落水流红”,但在表达上更加简净、丰厚、耐人寻味。从思想意蕴上看,“沁芳”二字难谓原创,但该表达确属贾宝玉独立创作。

再创作须产生可被客观识别的明显差异

作品须独立创作,但不苛求独一无二。“独创”强调独立创作的结果,即使内容存在“雷同”,也不会阻碍任何一方享有著作权。美国曾有两位摄影师在同一海岸用同一角度同时捕捉到海浪卷起的画面,照片呈现的内容高度相似,法院认为双方对各自拍摄的照片享有著作权。我国《关于审理著作权民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十五条规定:“由不同作者就同一题材创作的作品,作品的表达系独立完成并且有创作性的,应当认定作者各自享有独立著作权。”这是为了防止作品表达垄断作品内容,保障公众自由创作的空间。

再创作须产生可被客观识别的明显差异

此外,文学高度不等于创作高度。作品的文学性体现为表达、结构、意蕴、思想的艺术高度,侧重对内容质量与艺术价值的评价,评价结果受主观因素影响大。独创性则强调作品须达到一定的创作高度,能够体现作者独特的智力判断和选择,而无关作品质量或价值。诸如《红楼梦》一类的“阳春白雪”之作,文学性与独创性不言自明。然而,即使是“下里巴人”的智力活动成果,仍可能满足作品独创性的要求。

独创须具有“最低限度的创造性”。虽然独创对于智力表达的创造性要求并不高,但文字作品仍须具有反映作者个性风格、展示文学美感或传递一定量信息的效用。如果一种表达过于短小,仅由少量字词简单组合而成,一般很难满足上述要求。此时,若将其作为作品加以保护,会不合理地挤占公众创作的自由空间,这与《著作权法》鼓励创作的立法目的相悖。

引经据典、化用借古能够增加作品的文化底蕴或说服力,往往有画龙点睛之效。以古为师,创作者不但要懂得恰当移用、巧妙化用,还要学会独立创新。站在巨人的肩膀上,瞭望广阔天地的同时,创作者也要有成为“开拓者”的信心和魄力。

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