英语新高考写作汇集20篇

【示例一】

①There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon/case/instance and the following are the typical ones. ②The first reason is that ________(理由一). ③The second reason is that ________(理由二). ④The third reason is that/A case in point is that/The typical example is that ________(理由三).

【示例二】

①There are many reasons to explain/explaining the effect/phenomenon/case/instance. ②The most contributing one is/the main reason is no other than ________(理由一). ③What is more, ________(理由二). ④ ________(理由三)also play a role in this case.

文章摘要：高考模拟作文“蝴蝶整容”写作导引及例文三篇作文"太棒了，你是了不起的蝈蝈将军；各种各样的作业如三月的毛毛细雨下个不停，让我尝够了苦的滋味。随着电脑走进千家万户，一张无形的巨网也悄然织起。幸福的一天昨天是星期六,晚上,我们一家出去散步.路上和看见了两个像跨栏一样的东西,我毫不犹豫地跨了过去.我和爸爸妈妈一起玩词语接龙,我接的尤其好,心里很高兴.我们到北京地下华联的时候,我妈让爸爸请他吃凉皮,我想吃冰淇淋,爸爸没有让我吃,我就去看书了.这是我第一次和爸爸妈妈一边散步,一边玩游戏；

一只美丽的蝴蝶去找医生整容。

医生对她说：“你已经很美丽了，简直无可挑剔，用不着来做美容。”

蝴蝶说：“红颜易老，我想把自己整得再年轻一点。”

医生说：“其实，你现在的美才是最有魅力的。”

蝴蝶打断医生的话：“我说过了，我要再年轻一点。”

医生只好同意为蝴蝶做了整容手术。

几天后，当一层层的绷带被解开，蝴蝶怀着激动的心情接过镜子，镜子里面竟然是条毛毛虫。

人生在世，许多美好的东西既在过去，也在将来，其实更重要的是现在。有一位哲人说过：“人的欲望是一座火山，如不控制就会害人害己。”你觉得怎样呢？

请自拟题目，自定立意，自定体裁，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

【材料简析】

这是一则寓言故事，写蝴蝶为了追求更年轻、更美丽而做整容手术，结果适得其反，变成了一只毛毛虫。分析材料，可以说，是蝴蝶没有真正认识到自己的美丽和美丽，而产生不切实际的想法，结果害了自己。故事之后的分析有两个要点提示，一是“更重要的是现在”，即现在是最美好的。一是“欲望不加控制就会害人害己”。审题立意是一定要把握住以上要点。

所以，本文的立意角度可以设定在以下几个方面：

1.学会控制欲望。2.把握现在，珍惜现在的美丽3.做事要适可而止4.人要正确认识自己

5.做事过犹不及6.贪婪害人害己7.无欲则刚8.学会享受生活

例文三篇

放下欲望人生悠然

人的欲望就像一剂毒药，太过强烈的欲望会蛊惑人的心灵，使心灵变得扭曲。就像那只本来就很漂亮的蝴蝶，因为欲望而使自己变得更加丑陋。所以我们要保持平和的心态，面对自己的所有，体验悠然自得的人生。

我们之所以有欲望，是因为对自己的现状不满足，总想得到更多，使自己的人生变得更完美。但那无限制的欲望会使自己误入歧途，最终伤害的是自己。

现在社会中有些国家干部就是因为抵制不了金钱美色的诱惑，强烈的欲望促使他们滥用手中的权力，为自己谋取私利，从而使自己一步步走向罪恶的深渊，成为党和人民的罪人。

每个人都不可能十全十美，我们要学会承认自己在某些方面的不足，这并不等于自我否定。学习接受、悦纳自己，善待不够完美的自己，这不单是一种非常重要的能力，同时也是一种高贵的品质。在这个过程中，我们放下了心中的欲望，是自己的心得以平静，从而获得一种悠然的人生，诗意的人生。

历史上，有许多人才都是因为太过强烈的欲望而忍受不了别人比自己优秀，从而产生嫉妒心理，把自己置身于心灵的地狱之中，折磨自己。但折磨来折磨去，最终一无所得，反而令自己心智疲惫。

因为太过强烈的欲望，庞涓想方设法陷害孙膑，但在战场上争斗，庞涓最终还是摆在孙膑手下而拔刀自刎；《三国演义》中的周瑜，不幸被气崩了箭伤，英年早逝，临逝前他仰面向天，发出沉重、无奈、流传千古的长叹“既生瑜，何生亮！”就连英国戏剧大师莎士比亚笔下的睿智高尚、骁勇善战的奥赛罗轻信小人的挑拨与谗言，杀死了自己纯洁的妻子，造成了不可挽回的人间惨剧，在真相面前不得不拔剑自刎，一世英名付之东流。

生活并不是一汪平静得泛不起丝毫涟漪的水，它注定有那么一些浪花会被遗落。人生的轨迹也并非总如预设一般，朝心仪的方向驶去。我们需要的不是无休止的欲望，而是一颗清静如渠的心灵来从容淡定地面对人生。

张晓风说：“树在，山在，大地在，岁月在，我在，你还要怎样更好的世界？”

握住你的绚烂之花

现在的蝴蝶是最有魅力的，可她却不享受现在，非想让自己变得更年轻，是她的贪婪欲望使她变成了毛毛虫。所以，我们要想让自己的人生开满绚烂之花，就要把握现在，控制自己。

人生如一杯香醇的美酒，人生如流动的赤橙黄绿青蓝紫的彩虹，人生如装满苦辣酸甜咸的五味瓶。丰富的人生必定有属于我们的绚烂之花。我们唯有把握好现在，注重过程，而非在意结果，控制住自己，真实地付出，绚烂之花必将开满生命的花园。

国学大师季羡林曾说：“人活一世，就像做一首诗，你的成功与失败都是那片片诗情，点点诗意。”是的，把握现在，真实付出，不好高骛远，不妄自菲薄，珍惜点点诗情画意，定会让我们收获最后的绚烂，收获诗意的人生。

“举世浑浊而我独清，众人皆醉而我独醒。”爱国诗人屈原，一生都在为富国强民探索着。但怀王昏庸，奸佞当道，他的种种努力都因“忠不必用”而无济于世。在随波逐流与宁愿流放之间，他远离了常人的欲望，坚守着自己的追求。他没有考虑自己的未来，而是紧紧地把握了现在。“人又谁能以身之察察，受物之汶汶者乎？”道出了他的心声，屈原生命的绚烂之花流芳百世。

“导弹之父”钱学森在新中国成立之初，毅然抛弃一切选择回国。他没有去想自己未来的得失，而是努力把握住现在，努力为国家做贡献。在美国良好的生活环境并没有让他迷失方向，他的爱国情怀让他放开了一切的利害得失。

勾践卧薪尝胆，带领子民繁衍生息，最后取得了战争的胜利。但随后他没有把握好自己，而是被诱惑贪婪驱动从而迷失了方向，生命的绚烂之花就此凋谢。

我们每个人都应该把握自己，把握现在，珍惜现在之美，抛弃非分的虚荣，远离贪婪的欲望。认真过好每一天，让自己人生奋斗的历程更丰富多彩，果真如此，生命之花必将绚烂多姿。

欲望，不可望

美丽的蝴蝶因为自己贪婪的欲望，变成了没有翅膀，没有美丽的毛毛虫。她被自己的欲望冲昏了头脑，只想着年轻，只想着更漂亮，却忘记了自己的本质。贪得无厌的结果是不仅没有得到，反而失去了所有。

蝴蝶的悲剧告诉我们，我们应该懂得珍惜眼前，珍惜现在。那些欲望不是可望不可及，而是不可及也不可望。我们只有抛弃那些害人害己的欲望，才能让现在的生活充满阳光。

初升的太阳通过那层铁窗将柔和的光洒在冰冷的地面上，也照在她的身上。酒井法子，这个曾经是代表“玉女”的名字，在人们的心海中已经沉入了底部。她的纯洁、她的美丽、她的温柔让人难以想象得出她是如何与吸毒走到一起的。但这是现实，酒井法子没有控制住自己的欲望，只为了满足自己的欲念，伤害了每一个喜爱她的影迷的心。

一朵美丽的花凋谢了，留给人们无限叹息。这再次告诉我们：欲望，不可望！

一只飞燕落在了秦国华丽的宫殿的檐头，一段令人感叹的盛衰历史，正在诉说着他的点点滴滴。强大的秦国统一了华夏，而它的寿命却又出奇的短促。杜牧说：“使秦复爱六国之人，则递三世可至万世而为君。”只因为秦皇不肯放弃贪婪的欲望，最终使强盛的大国分崩离析，烟消云散。

燕子飞走了，历史上少了一个盛世，多了一片黑暗。欲望是一座火山，如果不加以控制随时就会爆发，造成灾难；欲望是人自掘的坟墓，如不抑制就会埋葬自我；欲望是一只恶兽，在贪念萌发时会攫取人的心灵。

相反，如果我们能够控制自己的贪欲，便会使自己的人生多一些阳光，多一些灿烂。

齐宣王向孟子说起自己的大事。孟子说：“以若所为，求若所欲，犹缘木而求鱼也。”道破了宣王的欲望，假如齐宣王为了满足自己的大欲，发动侵略战争，恐怕齐国生灵遭涂炭，齐王的大国之梦会早早破灭。

一言以蔽之，我们每个人都要学会把握现实的美好，抛弃那些无用的贪念。不要再有贪婪的思想，因为欲望，不可望。

美丽的蝴蝶悄悄地落在粉红色的花瓣上，轻声地告诉她：现在的你，最美！

1.1词汇方面

如果把写英语作文比作建楼房的话，英语词汇在英语写作中起着砖、瓦的作用，是句子的最基本的组成部分，所以词汇是我们高中英语教学中的重点，单词听写是课堂教学必不可少的一个环节，但学生的词汇量毕竟有限，遇到问题时，便会用汉语词汇去补充英语词汇的空缺。

例如：交通十分繁忙。误：The traffic is busy. 正：The traffic is heavy.

她和一位教授结婚了。误：She married with a professor.

正：She married a professor.

英语词语的词义往往比较复杂，并和汉语有着一定区别。这种不同就会会导致学生仅把写作当作一词一句的翻译来做，结果是事倍功半。

1.2语法方面

英语中难点就是时态，语态的掌握。英语中常用时态共十六种，语态分为主动语态与被动语态，语气有陈述语气与虚拟语气之分。不同的时态有它特有的句法结构。如现在进行时态使用be＋v－ing形式来表示。现在完成时则用have／has ＋p．p来表示。一般将来时则用shall／will／be going to＋v来表示。英语中时间意义的表达是通过动词的时和体来加以反映，而汉语中不存在时、体等，汉语则依靠表示时间的副词（如“曾经”、“正在”、“已经”、“将要”）作状语，或利用虚词“了”、“着”、“过”等作补语这一语法手段来体现，动词本身无任何变化。在英语中，“already”和“ever”常常用在完成时态之中，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。学生常常把上述句子错译成“Yesterday I have been to the park．”“Five years ago，they have known each other．”又如在英语中，我们常常用否定前置来

其实质也就是有些地方所说“时评类”作文，其本质还依然是材料作文，只是在材料的基础上，增加了明确的指向性任务，意在增强写作的目的性、防止套作。这种作文题重在考查学生对一事物或社会现象的态度与看法，思维的深度与广度，表达的清晰与晓畅。因此，在写作这类作文时，有些基本的东西是必不可少的，只有具备了其中的基本要素，才能达到要求;只有具备了其中的基本框架，才能在考场中立于不败之地。

任务驱动型作文的基本框架有哪些构件组成呢?笔者认为，有如下五部分。

(一)一个响亮的标题

就是在审题的基础上，明确立意，选择写作的角度，拟定一个有抢眼的题目。这个标题应尽量是从材料中抽取而出的“核心立意”，并就此选取材料中关键词句加以组合而成的简洁短语或句子。尽力不用态度而用看法或观点。能运用约定俗成的词句加以改造更为上策。能标新立异就更加理想。

(二)引述+表态+观点

正文第一段就用“引述+表态+观点”的形式，以达到“闪亮登场”的效果。引述可是直接的，也可以是间接的，但必须是有针对性的。表态一定要坚决、果断和明确。观点的呈现，不要拖泥带水，而要开门见山。

(三)分点分层阐述理由

有了态度与观点，没有理由就站不住脚。因此，作文的第三步必然阐述你的理由。阐述一定要具有条理性，就是分点;还要注意内容的层次性，如由浅及深，由表及里，有具体到抽象等。如此才能展示一个学生思维的深广度。

(四)进一步深入阐述

这个步骤一般的同学很难发挥。到底要怎样才能深入呢?笔者认为，最基本的办法就是针对问题提出可行的有时代意义的解决方法，即解决问题。另外，还可以“横向拓展”“纵向挖掘”和进行简易的批驳。尤其是反驳，可以预设反方，然后，进行委婉的劝说，以体现作者思维的周密性，达到任务型作文“文明说理”的要求。

(五)联系实际，快速收尾。

任何一篇文章都要考虑其现实意义，如果没有了现实意义，该文章就逊色许多。因此，学生习作也好，考场作文也好，联系实际是必需的。但是，这一环节不能太婆婆妈妈，应如一部乐曲演奏完毕，戛然而止、曲终人散、回味无穷。

一篇习作具备了上述五个部件构建而成，已是有模有样、中规中矩，若能加上一些必备的调味品，如菜肴之于姜葱蒜，而后定然可取得高分好评。

【实例品析】

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

为了督促学生学习，某职业技术学院的焦老师想出在课后用微信发红包的“新招”，对出勤率高、学习成绩好和上课认真的同学，都发了红包。此举一出，他的课学生没一个逃课，课堂气氛活跃，师生关系变好。此事传出，该校老师和学生表示认可，觉得这个做法有新意。媒体报道后，引发争议，有家长明确反对老师这种做法，认为用“钱”引导学生上课，会让孩子变得功利，使教育变味。

对以上这件事，你怎么看?请就焦老师、学生或家长的表现，表明自己的态度，阐述自己的看法。要求综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，完成写作任务。

范文

教书育人也应有“新招”

梁祝

(标题简洁、响亮)

为了督促学生学习，某职业技术学院的焦老师想出在课后用微信发红包的“新招”，对出勤率高、学习成绩好和上课认真的同学，都发了红包。此举一出，师生认可，又在社会上引发了争议，还有家长认为这样会使教育变味。我认为，焦老师是个敢于创新的老师。在如此沉闷的教育背景下，教书育人也的确应该有新招，才能激活教育的正能量。(引述+态度+观点)

首先，传统的育人方式是以班级集体授课制为主，以灌输为主的应试教育让学生们抵触厌烦，远远达不到教育的目的。在这样的情况下，老师们“八仙过海，各显神通”，采用一些新的顺应时代的招数，本是理所应当的，只有不断更新方法，才能不断激活学习的动力。

其次，微信发红包的新招效果明显。大焦老师的课没有一个逃课，课堂气氛活跃，师生关系很好。暂且不论其效果的持久性，但就这点，已经证明新招的可行性。

其三，如果能把“发红包”这种新事物与传统的教书育人方法有机整合起来，还可以给人们提供一种新的思维和教育理念。如在互联网时代，用好移动技术，对学生进行时时处处地引导与教育，定能激发出无数的能量。因此，焦老师的新招肯定能在教育界激发波波涟漪。(分点分层阐述理由)

有家长明确反对老师这种做法，认为用“钱”引导学生上课，会让孩子变得功利，使教育变味。的确，现代学生本就生长在“物欲横流”的环境中，一味用钱去引导学习，极有可能变得功利，使教育变味。但是，教育不能因存在某种风险而畏首畏尾或举步不前。只要是“在课后”，“用小钱”，方式恰当，不变本加厉，在红包激励的同时仍以精神感化、正面教育为主线，发红包这样的新举动一定能在教育中起到重要的激活辅助作用。(预设反方，简易批驳)

古语云：亲其师，信其道。发红包能让学生更亲近其师，“信其道”就不言而喻了。又云：教学相长。学生的学习热情因红包而唤起，那么，学生的热情必然会影响老师的激情，终将达到“相长”的目的。教师的魅力关键在于学术与人格。一个教师若能紧紧依靠自身的学术与人格魅力，辅以新巧的方法，定能让各种因素相得益彰，形成合力，促进教书育人功能的巨大提高。(横向拓展)

如今，我国的教育因各种原因而困难重重，多几个像焦老师那样不甘平庸、敢于创新的老师，拿出更多的新招，必然能冲破重重阴霾，走向教育强国的康庄大道。(联系实际，快速收尾)

【点评】

这一篇习作基本按照五部分基本框架来写，说理清晰，有条理，有深度，也有广度，适度的引用名言，具有较强的时代意义，是一篇难得的考生值得参照的优秀作文。

方法之二：依事设问，分层论述

面对叙事体新材料任务驱动型作文，许多同学不知所措，莫衷一是。在此，介绍一种十分基本实用的方法，即“依事设问，分层论述”，它既能解决无话可说的问题，又可以凭此提升深入阐述事理的能力。

方法指导：

1.依据任务梳理材料，选定角度，表明你的态度，发表你的看法或观点。

2.从材料出发，引述材料，分析并提出新颖、与众不同的中心论点(标题)。

3.依事设问，列好提纲，分层论述。

【实例解析】

阅读下面材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

在上海地铁上，一男子因随地吐痰遭到指责后，竟不停地用污言秽语和指责他的乘客对骂，一黑衣壮汉忍不住，拨开人群走到“吐痰男”跟前踢去一脚，吐痰男顿时安静下来，一语不发，此时，有出来劝架的乘客指责“黑衣男”：“打人是不对的。”更多的人则认可黑衣男的做法。这段视频被上传到网络后，引起更大范围、更多角度的讨论。

对于以上事情你怎么看?请你就其中某一个或某一群人的表现，表明你的态度，阐述你的看法，要求综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，标题自拟。

分角色梳理

人物：吐痰男

所做的事：公共场所随地吐痰，遭责后与乘客对骂，被踢一脚，安静、一言不发。

我的态度：恶其陋行，幸遇强人。

我的看法：文明拒绝粗鄙;社会秩序，人人有责;

人物：黑衣男

所做的事：忍不住，拨开，踢，制止了对骂与吵闹。

我的态度：扬其勇气，短其不足。

我的看法：以黑制黑，行不行?文明创建需有法制的保障;以错治错，并非正义。

人物：乘客

所做的事：少数指责黑衣男，多数认可，更多议论。

我的态度：赞少贬多

我的看法：法制意识淡薄是不文明的根;当局者往往易迷;狭隘的英雄主义要不得。

1.选择角度，确定主旨

如选定“吐痰男”，确定“可怕的不文明”为主旨。

2.依事设问，列好提纲

提纲

(1)吐痰男行为的性质与危害性?

(2)吐痰男行为产生的根源?

(3)遇上这种不文明的行为该如何对待?

(4)怎样解决这种社会问题?

(5)假设反方，适度批驳

范文

：

可怕的不文明

——梁祝

地铁上，一男子随地吐痰，遭到指责后，还不停地用污言秽语跟乘客们对骂，直到被另一黑衣男踢了一脚才安静下来，一语不发。我对吐痰男的这种言行举止深恶痛绝，他的这种非一般的不文明是十分可怕的，它映射出国人的劣根。

吐痰男的言行是怎样的行为?在公共场合随地吐痰，实是不卫生不文明之举，遭到指责后竟与人们恶语相加，这就不是一般的不文明，而是素质极差，性格有缺陷。这种知错还不改的偏执的人，只能算是人渣或是问题青年。一个人在公共场合随地吐痰，也许是平时卫生习惯不好所致，纯属个人习惯问题。但被人指出来后仍不知悔改，还口出秽语，想为自己辩护，连最起码的“羞耻心”也荡然无存，这个问题就严重了。轻则说明他品行缺失，重则说明他心灵扭曲。要知道：一个连最起码的羞耻感都没有的人，肯定不成其为人;一个连羞耻感也没有的民族也肯定是个没希望的民族。

吐痰男为什么会这样呢?这也许跟他成长的环境有关，子不教，父母之过;也许跟学校教育有关，如今学校教育重成绩、重智育，轻德育、轻做人。培养出不少外表有模样，内在缺素养的青年。也许是一个个案，但它至少是我们社会的一份子，他的言行举止跟社会环境息息相关。不管是什么原因，一个孩子的不良和失足肯定与教育缺失大大关联的。

遇上这种不文明的行为，我们该如何对待?一味地当众指责，恐伤其脸面，就是损伤了年轻人的自尊，才导致本就素质不高的吐痰男与乘客对骂。黑衣男的一脚，虽暂时让吐痰男心火熄灭，但是否从心里服气，认识自己的错误并感到愧疚呢?不得而知。这种“以黑制黑”的方式，不一定能达到“以黑治黑”的效果，甚至，适得其反。我认为，对这种不良的行为，最好是善意的劝说，既维护了当事者的面子，又悄无声息地让他反省;其次是制定强有力的处罚制度，加上不折不扣的执法;其三是提高国民的整体素质。让“社会秩序，人人有责”“文明拒绝粗鄙”等成为公众的意识。只要有健康的土壤，文明之花才会遍地开放。

有人说，不就随地吐一口痰吗?至于如此大做文章吗?固然，一口痰是小事，很快就随风蒸发。然而，如果这个人的痰里携带病毒呢?如果人人都这么认为呢?那公共场所的环境文明有谁来维护?我们将生活在怎样的一个社会中?

我们的国家人特别多，尤其是公共场合。如果没有良好的秩序与环境，如果没有正确的公共卫生意识，文明从何谈起?如今，我们的国家发展了，人们的生活富裕了，建设和谐文明的小康社会已成为中国人的追求与梦想。而文明需要从我做起，精心培育出健康的土壤。那就让我们携手共进，一起创建美丽的家园吧!

【点评】

这篇习作很适合于刚开始写作任务型作文的同学，当你不知从何说起时，先依事设问，列好提纲，然后在行文中，分层进行论述，也能完成一篇不错的考场作文。

方法之三：紧扣中心，夹叙夹议

在任务驱动型作文的背景下，有的同学是束手无策，甚至连800字的文章都难于完成，为此，特介绍“紧扣中心，夹叙夹议”的方法，让多数同学能够在考场上完成基本任务，拿到基本分。

什么叫做“紧扣中心”?

就是前提必需在阅读材料的基础上，梳理、抓住核心话题，确立文章主旨，然后，以这主旨为纲，紧紧围绕，不离不弃。

什么叫做“夹叙夹议”?

就是边叙边议。从材料出发，分节叙述，分别表明自己的态度，分别进行评论，阐述自己的看法或观点。如此依葫芦画瓢，若能论述得深刻到位，依旧可以写出上乘的考场习作。

【实例解析】

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

杭州图书馆允许拾荒者、无业游民入馆，让他们在设有空调的图书馆内免费阅读、看影视、上网、听音乐。图书馆对他们的唯一要求，就是把手洗干净再阅读。这个做法已经坚持了十余年。因此，杭州图书馆被称为“史上最温暖的图书馆”。

曾经有读者对身边的流浪者散发异味而感到不满，无法接受，说允许他们进图书馆是对其他人的不尊重。对此，馆长回答，我无权拒绝他们入馆读书，您如觉不便可更换座位，或者选择离开。

要求：你对上述事件有何看法?请就图书馆或读者一方表明你的态度，阐述你的看法。不要脱离材料内容及涵义的范围作文。

范文

阅读不分贵贱

梁祝

杭州图书馆允许拾荒者、无业游民入馆，让他们在设有空调的图书馆内免费阅读、看影视、上网、听音乐。这样的举动，这样在阅读面前不分贵贱的包容意识，我举双手赞成。

公共图书馆本来就应该面对大众，当然不可拒绝弱势群体如“拾荒者”，要不就不叫“公共”了。设立图书馆的初衷也是鼓励全社会的人民热爱读书，为喜爱读书的人民提供一个好的场所，无业游民等是社会的一员，他们爱读书学习，难能可贵，更应提供好的条件。阅读本身不在乎身份地位，无论是谁，都有阅读的权利。阅读面前，人人平等。该图书馆的做法，大气、独特、具有较多的公共人文关怀，让人温暖，令人舒心。

这个做法已经坚持了十余年了，因此被称为“史上最温暖的图书馆”。这说明，在阅读上不分贵贱这样的意识已经是普遍认可，深入人心。只有图书馆的各色工作人员，在馆内阅读的大众都认可该馆的理念，才能坚持十年之久。

曾经有读者对身边的流浪者散发异味而感到不满，无法接受，说允许他们进图书馆是对其他人的不尊重。他们之所以对此举无法接受，归根到底还是旧观念在作祟，认为图书馆是“高雅”人的活动场所，阅读是“文明”人的举止。正是这种“高等”和“低劣”的偏见，人为地把人类分成三六九等，把阅读误认为是特殊阶层的专利。殊不知，这种民族等级的歧视在历史上已经酿就了无数的悲剧，如“二战”时日本对“东亚病夫”的歧视，就给中国人民带来了深重的灾难。

在这一点上，馆长的回答无疑是闪烁智慧与深得人心的：我无权拒绝他们入馆读书，您如觉不便可更换座位，或者选择离开。一个“您”字，无不体现该馆的公共人文关怀和阅读不分贵贱的精神。

况且，在允许无业游民等入馆之初，该馆已经有一个适度的要求，就是把手洗干净再阅读。这个要求既让人容易接受，又在不断地引导这些特殊的群体向文明迈进。随着该馆开馆时间的不断延长，我们有理由相信，“文明出入，有序阅读”将成为一种新的风尚。

如果拾荒者、无业游民在文明精神的熏染之下，能以文明的身姿——洗个澡，换身干净的衣服进入图书馆，就更是皆大欢喜了。

不管怎样，只要带着纯净的心灵去图书馆，阅读那里的人类文化文明精华，我们都不应该拒绝，因为，阅读从来不分高低贵贱。

【点评】

本文紧抓中心“阅读不分贵贱”，采用极其简单的办法，就是一边分节叙述材料，一边对所叙材料作个性化的解读与评论，也写就了一篇不错的作文，值得学习。

方法之四：即事说理，深入阐述

随着2016年高考的临近，参加“全国卷”考试的考生正紧锣密鼓地准备迎接“叙事体材料任务驱动型作文”的考查，各地考生也已经基本掌握了其写作的特性与写作的方法。然而，让不少同学迷茫的是，怎样才能在新的作文背景下完成任务驱动型作文的重要“任务”之一——“即事说理，深入阐述”呢?

“深入阐述”的基本方法已有不少，如围绕“是什么，为什么，怎么样”的问题导向方式，又如“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”的思路方式，还有“引论，本论，结论”的结构方式等，都是照样可以沿用的，也有一定的效果。只是在“就事论事、即事论理”上，很难做到深入阐述，写出一篇像样的有水准的考场作文。在此，谨提供两种方法，即进一步深入阐述之“横向拓展”与“纵向挖掘”。以期有益。

例文及评价

唯有精神永存

一考生

青花罐承载着浓厚的历史积淀，暗藏着美丽的故事，它从遥远的时光中走来，传递着中国人的器物精神，不愧是传家宝;勋章见证了那段光辉岁月里的铁戈兵戎，传递着满腔热血、忠心报国的信念，不愧为传家宝。这些器物，在一定程度上，都是精神传承的载体，因此它们才有价值。

然而，将注意力放在物品上多于放在精神传承上，则会本末倒置。这样的传家宝终究不能发挥其真正的作用，反而会使后代子孙沉溺于对传家宝的世俗价值中不可自拔。因此，依我之见，祖训是最好的精神载体，历史洪流浪花滔滔，唯精神万世永存。

季老先生季羡林曾在《八十述怀》一书中有感而发：“若说人生的意义，那就是对人类精神和知识的承上启下。”人类社会的发展，之所以如此神速，正是因为知识和精神的可传递性，如同滚雪球一般。祖训以文字为载体，将先辈对后辈的殷殷期盼传承下来，借此勉励后代不断奋斗，不断学习。这样的精神传递，促使一个家族的兴盛，正如河南的康百万庄园，兴盛了十几代，而其祖训是“留有余，不尽之财以还百姓;留有余，不尽之巧以还造化。”这样的“留有余”如同警钟般时刻回响在后辈心中，自然后辈会不自觉地培养起良好的观念，从而使家族世代兴盛。

精神的传递不仅能使家族兴盛，更能使国家浸浴在先贤道德光辉下，光辉恩泽国土上的每一个人。先生之风，山高水长;贤人之范，愈久弥珍。先贤仰望星空，留下无数宝贵的精神财富，我们取其精华，去其糟粕，用其激励自己不断进取。

余光中曾在写给孩子的信中谈到对孩子的期盼：“不要成为一个媚俗的人。”“要懂得学习欣赏悲剧。”这些话在今天看来，仍是闪烁着智慧的光芒。节日也是一个很好的传播精神的载体，而当今社会却将其片面地作为节日经济的跳板，这不可不说是我们国人的悲哀，当精神的流传不再，社会的发展也将止步不前。(此段败笔：1、引用过多;2、与材料关联度不大)

祖训作为精神的载体，是十分珍贵的传家宝。它虽是短短一句凝练的话，却体现了耀眼的闪光智慧!

【点评】

作者执行任务指令，开篇指出青花罐、勋章作为传家宝的价值所在。经思考、权衡，选择“祖训”作为传家宝，其中理由的分析和重要性的论述入情入理，非常到位，“更”字体现得很充分。通篇语言简洁，富有文采，是难得的应试好作文。

【升格练习】

本文的第五段属于败笔，请你来给它加上一段，深入阐述，使文章前后连贯、文风一致，又能丰富文章内容。

示例一：进一步深入阐述之“横向拓展”

人类知识和精神的传承，不仅在祖训。大凡以文字为载体的中华古代文化经典，如《论语》、《孟子》和《庄子》，如《诗经》和《离骚》，如二十四史等，它们所传承的文化文明无不具有永久的传世价值。而祖训更具亲和力，从而也就更具有普世的渗透力;祖训中的良训精神具有遍地开花的土壤，它可能不局限于本家族的传播，也可能成为全中国人们的精神食粮，如《傅雷家书》、《曾国藩家训》等，已不再是一家一族的精神遗产，是中华民族的传家之宝。

【点评】

思维由“祖训”扩展至中华文化经典，由一家一族的精神延伸到中国传统文化的精神，主题的扩大，是为“横向拓展”。

示例二：进一步深入阐述之“纵向挖掘”

以文字为载体的祖训，相较其它两个传家宝，更具有别具一格的优点。一是祖训文字的无法破坏性。青花罐与勋章是以物质的存在居多，而祖训是以意识的存在为主。物质不可能永存，这是谁人皆知的常识;而意识则在人们心中，只要能延续血脉，必将随之代代相传。精神意识是一个生命的动态过程，而非死板的遗物。二是祖训的传播不受时空限制。只要是家族成员，甚至是外人，只要你认可，就可以随时随地汲取之，学习之，践行之。三是祖训还可以在坚持原有的基础上加以改良和创新。使之具有时代性和特定的功能性，赋予新的积极的具有“正能量”的内涵，成为新时期的“良训”。以上三点是青花罐勋章所不具备的，所以，我更倾心于小程家的祖训，因为其中的“忠厚”与“诗书”是永存的精神。

【点评】

思维往纵深方向发展，进一步从三个方面对三种传家宝进行比较，从而突出“祖训”的优越性，证明作者的观点：唯有精神永存。

方法之五：简易驳论，批驳成章

驳论，是议论文写作的一种论证方法。又叫批驳或反驳。侧重于驳论的议论文是驳论文。.驳论文往往破中有立,边破边立,即在反驳对方错误论点的同时,针锋相对地提出自己的正确观点。批驳错误论点的方法有三种:1.驳论点2.驳论据3.驳论证，但归根结底是为了驳论点。鲁迅最擅长写驳论文，如著名的《拿来主义》，《中国人失掉自信力了吗?》。中学生在写作议论文时使用驳论的方法难度有点大，但若能运用一种简易的驳论，却又有出人意料地效果。它不仅可丰富文章内容，还可扩展深化文章的主题，让论证的思维更加全面严密，使一篇普通的习作脱颖而出。在任务驱动型作文的背景下，使用简易驳论更能取到事半功倍的效果。

技法指导：

常见的驳论一般有如下五个步骤：

步骤一：

根据自己提出的论点内涵，设想并提出现实中人们可能提出的与你提出的相反的看法。

(也许，有人会认为……)

步骤二：

让步肯定错误观点中的表面合理之处。(诚然，固然，的确……)

步骤三：

从原因及可能造成的危害入手，指出观点的错误本质。(然而，根据……就断定……却是夸夸其谈的或以偏概全的。)

步骤四：

举事实或道理论据批驳错误观点的错误性。(当……时，当……时，我们还能……吗?)

步骤五：

得出结论。

例子：

论点：莫以功利论物之价值

(1)也许有人会认为，行事若不以有用为目的，那么行事的价值又在哪里?

(2)的确，任何行为都要有实际的用处，有用的判断也为人们行事提供不竭的动力。韩愈就曾在古文运动中提出“文章合为时而著”。

(3)但，若就此认为功利得失是“有用”的全部内涵，那无疑将陷入片面功利主义的泥淖而不可自拔。

(4)无论是食不果腹时代的泰勒斯执着地仰望星空，还是风雨如晦之时鲁迅不合时宜的弃医从文。

(5)都深刻说明那些与功利得失无关的“无用”之举，恰恰是每一次文明进步的有用之光。

这种驳论对于中学生而言，确实是有难度的，不仅要求习作者有较深刻的思维，还要求较强的语言驾驭能力。驳论据和驳论证的方法及过程就更难了。鉴于此，可提出一种更加简便易学的方法。即三步简易驳论法。

简易“驳论”的三个步骤：

一是摆出靶子，就是别人的错误观点与看法;二是先让步，赞同、肯定别人观点中可取的部分，然后，以“然而，但是”为转折点，分析批驳其中的错误。三是在反驳批驳的基础上，让自己的观点看法更加站立起来。经检验，实乃议论文写作一项不可或缺的补充。

例如：

有人说现代社会，善的怕恶的，忠的怕奸，白的怕黑的，要脸的怕不要脸的，饿死胆小的，撑死胆大的，……只有厚脸黑心才能做强做大。固然，这些不要脸的人，也的确暂时在某些领域有一定的成绩，但就长期而言，他们必将失信于民，狐狸尾巴长不了，甚至自取毁灭。因为大道之行，正义必胜;因为冬天来了，春天一定为期不远!(不要脸皮，遗臭万年)

这种简化了的驳论，实质上减去了事实证明的程序，只在道理上进行批驳或反驳，同样能锻炼中学生的驳论意识与思维。随着这种论证方法的不断运用，渐渐地自然成了习惯，于是有的同学不满足于简单的批驳，出现了各种各样“驳”的例子。这充分说明，由易到难，循序渐进的训练是做任何事的真谛。

课堂练习：

请批驳下面一种观点。

金钱是万能的，因为人们常说：“有钱能使鬼推磨。”

课外练习：

就下面一种观点进行反驳。

贫困生的资格认定有什么难呢?让他们上交“低保证”或有村、乡镇和县民政局盖印的证明不就行了。

课堂练习示例：

(一)驳论点

有人说，金钱是万能的。的确，金钱在人们的生活中总是表现为无所不能，似乎可以买到物质世界的大部分东西。但是，金钱能买到知识吗?金钱能买到感情与爱情吗?金钱能买到时间吗?金钱能买到生命吗?……可见，“金钱是万能的”这样的观点是片面的、武断的。

(二)驳论据

“有钱能使鬼推磨”虽然告诉我们金钱的无所不能和巨大威力，甚至连鬼都能买通。但它毕竟只是一句民间俗语，民间俗语只是人们在生产生活中凭经验总结而出，并没有科学的依据。用没有科学依据的东西作为论据，其证明的观点当然也就不可信。

(三)驳推理过程

有人说，金钱是万能的，因为人们常说：“有钱能使鬼推磨”。这种论断乍看似乎无懈可击，金钱在现实生活中也确实无所不能威力巨大，甚至连鬼都能买通。然而，仅凭一句夸张的俗语就推断出“金钱是万能的”，无疑是偏激的。民间俗语本没有科学的依据，是有缺陷的。再拿它来证明另一个观点，这样的推理过程更不经推敲，因此，这个论断无论是论据还是因果推理都是站不住脚的。

课外练习示例：

让上交“低保证”和各级盖印的证明，固然可以杜绝一些平民百姓的弄虚作假，但是，却无法杜绝一些特权人物的弄虚作假，中国是个人情泛滥的国度，什么事情都讲人情世故，因此，不少人为了点滴利益，不惜玩转各种人情关系，千方百计搞到各类虚假的东西，让主管部门防不胜防难以甄别。所以，在认定各类资格的时候，除了上交各种材料外，还需进行各种实地的调查取证工作，以确保真实性和有效性。

有的任务型作文，如果其中存有争议的多方看法，可选择其中一方立意，然后，通过批驳其它方观点来达到证明己方观点的目的。

例如：

阅读下面材料，写一篇不少于800字的文章。立意自定，题目自拟。

做人如水，你高，我便退去，决不淹没你的优点;

做人如水，你低，我便涌来，决不暴露你的缺陷;

做人如水，你热，我便沸腾，决不妨碍你的热情;

做人如水，你冷，我便凝固，决不漠视你的寒冷。

你对上述材料有何感想与看法?请就其中一个角度表明你的态度，阐述你的观点与看法。不脱离材料内容与内涵，题目自拟。

范文：

做人如水，将失自我

梁祝

既要突显别人的优点，又要包容别人的缺点;既要做绿叶，又要做“丑角”。整个的就是要处处为人着想，设身处地，压根儿没一点儿想到自己。这种忘我无我的如水品质，本是做人的真谛，应该能获得较大的业绩。然而，只是如果过了头，迟早终将失去自我。

肯定赞赏别人的优点，是人际交往中不可多得的品质。但逢人便不管三七二十一，一概说好话，过了头，就显得虚伪，是一种不折不扣的吹捧。孔子曰：巧言令色，鲜矣仁。就是说这种花言巧语的人，这种人是极少仁慈仁爱的。长久养成这种习惯，就会变成一种性格;再久之，就会连自己姓什么都不知道，至于自己有没有优缺点就更加迷失了。父母一味表扬孩子，孩子的尾巴就翘上了天，父母更加束手无策，迷失了自我;老师逢学生都说十分聪明，过了头，世界就没有“愚笨”一说了;结果，学生并没有都学好，于是开始怀疑人生，怀疑自己的教学能力，渐渐也容易失去自我。

在生活中，掩盖庇护别人的缺点，本是一种宽容与大度，能获得别人的感恩。但是过了头，就很容易让自己陷入惆怅迷失的境地。唐代名臣吕元膺一次跟隐士朋友下棋，因文件多，就边下棋边批文件，棋友趁机偷换了棋子而取胜，元膺看在眼里却不予揭穿。第二天，还若无其事地赠送厚礼辞去这位隐士。他包容别人太过头了，虽然给别人留了极大的颜面，但自己却一生也没有放下，那种纠结，那种迷失，直到临终才说，并惆怅而死，这不是迷失自我是什么?

绿叶衬托鲜花，本是自然界的绝配。总是做绿叶，一味为了鲜花而生，最终人们肯定只记住了花的美丽，至于叶子，只能飘然而逝，沉入大地，腐朽成泥，没了自己。在人生事业中，一味顾及别人的脸面，别人的利益，自己就会缩手缩脚，不敢放心大胆地干。一项计划还没有开始实施，就因为别人而放弃，哪有自己的主张啊!这种人一生肯定一事无成，到最后，恐连自己是怎么度过此生的都迷糊不清了。

做丑角，能博得别人一笑，也是无可非议的。只是如果为了迎合别人而任意践踏自己的尊严，那就大可不必了。这样做，比前面几种更加无我失我。

所以，做人如水不能过头。

总想做得更好，一味模仿别人，就会失去个人魅力，失去自己原本的性格。如“邯郸”，如“东施”，如“左思”。

恋爱中的青年，过分在乎对方，总为对方着想，就会失去平衡，如“剃头挑子”，陷爱情于不健康之地，最后，一方必然失去自我。

太过爱一个人或一件东西，也往往容易无我。如“房奴”，如“孩奴”，如“钱奴”。

做人如水，是人生很高的境界。但如果在某一方面走过了头，必然过犹不及，物极必反，非常容易陷入失去自我，难以自拔的深渊。

让我们把握好做人处事的“度”，去迎接光明美好的生活吧!

【点评】

本文最大的亮点是在本不好“反弹琵琶”的主题上，作者强硬“弹”出：将失自我。并采用中学生近乎不敢用的“驳”的论证方法，对材料中四种情况进行适度的反驳，再让自己的论点站立。批驳成章，不可多得。

方法之六：巧设反方，探源究底

在任务驱动型作文的背景下，怎样才能把一个论题阐述深透呢?许多同学无从下手，所写的文章老是停留在肤浅的层面，得分不高，在此，介绍“巧设反方，探源究底”的方法，以供同学学习参考。

“巧设反方”就是在正面论述的基础之上，提出有可能出现的反方看法或观点，尽力预设，尽力设全，以体现你思维的周密性。

“探源究底”就是在预设反方的前提下，探究反方观点产生的根源以及错误的本质，甚至对反方观点进行有力的批驳，让它站不住脚，从而使自己的看法有理有力。

例如：

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。(60分)

不久前，某大学在临近期末时发生了这样一事：夜幕下，风雨中，一群大学生在校农场打着手电栽种油菜。校长对媒体说：“学生必须亲手碰到泥巴，才能知道什么是奋斗，什么是劳动。”农场劳动是该校的必修课，是“毕业通行证”。这种观点和做法得到了不少网民的支持。

然而也有人持不同意见：为挣学分冒雨挑灯夜战，是否有矫枉过正之嫌?还有人认为，大学生的首要任务是学习专业知识，此举有形式主义之嫌。

对于以上事件及不同观点，你怎么看?请表明你的态度，阐述你的看法。要求综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，完成写作任务。

示范例文：

亲历劳动，方知奋斗

刘晓曼

某高校开设种田必修课，学生夜里打手电种油菜，新闻一出，立刻引发热议，有支持者，也有反对者，更有抨击者，但无论何种反应都体现了大众对高校教育、对人才培养的一种关注、一种思索。

亲历劳动，方知奋斗。学校的良苦用心是值得大力称赞的。农场劳动，不单是一门必修课程，是毕业的通行证，更是一种观念、一种品质的培养。党的教育方针明确指出：教育必须与生产劳动相结合……未来世界的竞争是“人才素质”的竞争，而劳动素质又是人才素质中极其重要的一个方面。但令人叹息的是，有许多的网民，却反对高校的这种做法，质疑这种做法的真正意图，或许是因为他们觉得大学生的首要任务是学习专业知识，应该把时间更多地放在精进自己的专业水平上，不能也没有必要去做“普通农民”所做的“农活”，然而，这个理由不过只是个幌子，是个借口，何况精进专业知识，也不是“不问世事，一心只读圣贤书”就能达成的，再说，闭门苦读就一定能够学好专业知识吗?更深层的原因，恐怕是大众内心对“农”的鄙视，是自古以来就有的对“读书人”的崇敬与膜拜：认为田间劳作是没有文化修养或修养较低的农民干的，文化人，既然已经跳出农门，就不要也不必再碰农活了。他们主观上认为“读书人”与“农民”是截然不同的两种身份，而这种认识，又恰恰是长期以来由阶级的差距衍生出的优越感而催生的。

爱劳动，才会生活;学会劳动，才能学会生活。高校开展农场劳动必修课，不仅可行，更有深远意义。学生在学校，不仅要学会一些理论性的东西，还需进行各种各样的实践劳动，只有二者相结合，才能更好地提升学生的综合素质。农场劳动，除了能提高学生们的动手能力、实践能力，让学生更接地气，还能让学生在获得劳动的切身体验中，认识到粒粒皆辛苦，尊重劳动人民和劳动成果，更能让学生在艰苦环境的磨炼中，培养一种吃苦耐劳、艰苦奋斗的精神。事实上，人的很多优秀的品质，都可以在劳动中形成。

发扬光大该校的这一做法，或许我们可以有更好做法，加强宣传教育，提高学生积极主动参加劳动实践的意识，鼓励学生积极参加各种各样的社会实践活动，而不局限于田间劳作，更无需用“必修”的形式，来强制学生，为完成学分临时抱佛脚而在临近期末时连夜冒雨打手电种油菜。

“民生在勤，勤则不匮”，无论时代如何变化，我们始终都要热爱劳动、崇尚劳动。

【点评】

本文在正面阐述了理由之后，先预设网民的不同观点与看法，然后，逐步探寻出产生这些看法的根源，有表面的原因，也有更深层次的原因。显示作者非一般的思维能力，文章也因此步入更高的档次。是一种不可多得的方法。

方法之七：适度举例，合理引用

任务驱动型作文忌讳传统的名人荟萃，名家开会。那么，该怎样对待名人事例和名言警句呢?笔者认为，既然是议论文，肯定离不开这些东西，否则，就像准备一桌饭菜，却没有了食材;如巧妇，难为无米之炊。只是，在运用时，不能如传统作文那样，尽情挥洒堆砌，而要“举例适度，引用合理”。在任务驱动型作文的背景下，名人事例和名言警句照样可用，而且用得好还可以为文章增色。那么，该怎样用呢?其原则有三：

其一、与核心话题高度吻合;

其二、把名人名言融入自己的论述之中;

其三、数量、长度适中、恰到好处。

例如《唯有精神永存》中的一段：

季老先生季羡林曾在《八十述怀》一书中有感而发：“若说人生的意义，那就是对人类精神和知识的承上启下。”人类社会的发展，之所以如此神速，正是因为知识和精神的可传递性，如同滚雪球一般。祖训以文字为载体，将先辈对后辈的殷殷期盼传承下来，借此勉励后代不断奋斗，不断学习。这样的精神传递，促使一个家族的兴盛，正如河南的康百万庄园，兴盛了十几代，而其祖训是“留有余，不尽之财以还百姓;留有余，不尽之巧以还造化。”这样的“留有余”如同警钟般时刻回响在后辈心中，自然后辈会不自觉地培养起良好的观念，从而使家族世代兴盛。

引述季老的原话和举“河南康百万庄园的祖训”为例，就既与话题高度吻合，又能融入自己的论述之中，长度适中，恰到好处，一点也不影响核心话题本身。这样的事例与名言，可谓跟文章结合得完美，应是多多益善的。

又如下面一文，作者可谓是“胆大妄为”了。

作文题：

美国漫画家罗素·迈尔斯系列漫画《女巫希尔迈》中有这样一个故事：两座悬崖，中间隔着一条又深又宽的峡谷。女巫站在这边，秃鹫站在那边。秃鹫不断召唤女巫跳到它那边来。女巫说，峡谷太宽，她跳不过去。秃鹫对女巫说，不要用消极的思想打败自己，只要她有热情和积极的态度，就能做成任何事情。女巫在秃鹫煽动下，热血沸腾起来，她真的开始感到世界上没有她做不到的事，于是，一挺胸，一弓腰，向对面的悬崖猛冲过去。结果，女巫并没有跳过峡谷。

秃鹫看着掉入峡谷的女巫，自言自语道：看来，光鼓动她的激情是不够的，还得教她如何锻炼腿部肌肉。

对于这件事情，你怎么看?请表明你的态度，阐述你的看法。要求综合材料的内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，标题自拟，不要套作，不得抄袭。

范文：

看清自我 理智前行

一考生

女巫受秃鹫“只要有激情和积极的态度就能做成任何事”的煽动纵身一跃，结果却掉入峡谷。为什么女巫没有跃过峡谷呢?是因为女巫盲目听信别人，不能正确认识自己的能力，盲目跳跃，以致葬身谷底。所以，只有看清自我，我们才能理智前行。

看清自我，能使人避短扬长，理智前行。杨振宁曾坦言说：“我对实验物理似乎杨振宁先生是享誉世界的理论物理学家，并因与李政道一起提出“弱相互作用中守称不守恒论”而获得诺贝尔奖。然而这位誉满全球的物理学家早年因研究实验物理而备受他人耻笑。没有别人那样的天赋，实验仪器出现故障后，别人能很快找到问题所在，而我却急得满头大汗。”后来聪明的杨振宁经过思考，看清了自己的不足，发现自己在理论物理方面有专长，于是投理论物理研究，最终硕果累累。正是因为杨振宁看清了自我，才能避短扬长，理智前行，现在才名满天下。写到这里不禁想到：女巫不是巫吗，那一定会法术，为什么要硬跳呢?自己没有发达的肌肉，却还要纵身一跃，如果看清自己，施一点法术，也不致于掉入峡谷。

看清自我，能使人脚踏实地，理智前行。四川省的理科状元刘宁毕业于某名牌大学，就在大家认为他将会有一个好前途、好生活时，他却在不停地应聘、辞职，原因就是总嫌弃公司待遇不好，自己有才能，何愁找不到工作?这样以致于他最后还要靠父母的补给生活。毕业于名牌大学了不起吗?全国有那么多名校，每个学校有那么的人，你是最好的吗?状元刘宁就是没有看清自己，不脚踏实地地工作，以致于无法理智前行，最后落得如此下场。女巫也何尝不是这样呢?假若她能认清自己肌肉不发达的现实，不好高骛远，追求自己无法达到的目标，又脚踏实地，刻苦锻炼，练就一身发达的肌肉，区区几米的距离算得了什么呢?因此，人只有看清了自己，才能找到正确的方向，迈出坚实的步伐，理智前行。

看清自我，理智前行，让失败者重获新生。现在家喻户晓的喜剧明星艾特金森，也就是憨豆先生。他当初因为语言表达能力不行，经常口差，差点离开他热爱的喜剧舞台。但聪明的憨豆先生经过一番思考后，看清了自己，发现自己的语言表达能力不行，但肢体语言和面部表情丰富，于是便向这方面发展，最后成为了几代人都忘不了的艺术形象。如果女巫像憨豆先生一样看清了自我，理智前行，又怎么会掉进峡谷?“看清自我，理智前行”这一条件如同一块肥沃的土壤，让失败者重获新生。

百灵鸟自知没有叱咤苍穹的力量，她便理智前行，苦练歌喉，最终在林间婉转歌唱;小溪自知没有大海波浪滔天的气势，便理智前行，在林间流淌，衬天色，映鸟鸣，也是一大快事。它们都是看清了自己，找到了正确的方向，理智前行，才实现自身价值。如果女巫也如它们一样，结果是不是又是另一番场景呢?

看清自我，理智前行，你将收获人生精彩。

【点评】

几乎每一段都举例，且举得与主旨契合，在分析完了之后，还能及时回归中心话题。如熟练的老司机，几乎做到了人车合一，驾驭的随意娴熟，非一般人所能想象。又不长，合适。这样的举例，难道不是议论文所需要的吗?因此，任务驱动型作文是应该有举例与引用的，只是要适度合理罢了。

巧用过度句能使整个文章看起来结构更加清晰，表达的更清楚，成为一个整体。下面是语文迷网整理的过渡句，希望对你有帮助。

1)To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To guide the matter/situation to the best advantage， it is necessary/important to……(可用于分析建议类、原因分析类等议论文)

2)In the face of……some people take the position that……/some people come to believe that……， to which I cant attach/add my consent.(可用于批驳分析类议论文)

或：In the face of……people retain/take/show/assume different attitudes/position s/standpoints.(可用于各抒己见类议论文)

或：In the face of……many people have come up with……(可用于对比分析类议论文和知识性说明文等)

3)But many people feel puzzled about/perplexed at/over whelmed with……(the changes/situation)， so this essay is intended to……(可用于批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文)

4)Although lots of people follow the fashion/trend， I still set my heart on……(可用于理由陈述类议论文)

5)To get a sense of how……we must turn first to causes for it/to what benefit(harm/problems/difference)it has brought to our society.(可用于分析建议和原因分析类议论文)

6)This is a(n)favorable/unfavorable/unhealthy/essential/marked/grateful change/tendency/situation， but factors/causes/reasons for it are not hard to find(或but its appearance/existence derives from a variety of factors)。(用于原因分析类议论文)

7)The progress/improvement/change(s)in……is(are)really tremendous/remarkable/prodigious/marvelous， so it is necessary to understand(see)what it(they)illustrate(s)/prove(s)/account(s)for.(用于原因分析类议论文和知识性说明文)

8)A comparison between these changes may be a good way to learn more about……(可用于对比说明文)

9)More insight/inspiration/truth/thought can be deduced from these changes.(可用于知识性说明文)

10)This situation/phenomenon/trend/tendency is rather distressing/disturb ing/depressing/heart-rending， for the opposite of it is just in line with our wishes/just what is to be expected.(可用于分析建议、批驳分析和原因分析等议论文)

11)In that case， however， I prefer to……rather than……(用于理由陈述、比较分析、批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文)

12)This is what we are unwilling to see， so some way must be found out to……(可用于分析建议、对比分析、批驳分析类议论文和知识性说明文)

13)Fortunately， however， more and more people come/begin to realize that……(可用于分析建议、对比分析和各抒己见类议论文)

14)Unfortunately， things have worsened/come/developed to the point where……(用于分析建议、原因分析、批驳分析、各抒己见类议论文和知识性说明文)

15)But have you ever stopped to think what/how/why……?(可用于除理由陈述之外的各种议论文和知识性说明文)

16)If we take a further/colder/closer look at this problem/matter， however， more secrets/grounds/chances/ways will be found out for……

(e.g.……putting it right/taking action against it/improving it)(可用于分析建议、对比分析、原因分析等议论文和知识性说明文)

17)But this(dis)agreement ceases to exist as soon as……(用于各抒己见、批驳分析、对比分析等议论文和对比说明文)

18)A further/deeper analysis/study/exposure of……/A further comparison between……can reveal more about……/can show us more ways to……(how to……)可用于分析建议、原因分析、对比分析、批驳分析等议论文和对比说明文及知识性说明文)

19)If you push the analysis/study/argument/comparison/exposure further， you will see that……(用于分析建议、对比分析、批驳分析、各抒己见类议论文和对比说明文及知识性说明文)

20)The same is true of many cases in life.(用于举例说明文)

21)Now， lets see what would happen to……in this case/light(或in different conditions/circumstances)。(用于分析建议类议论文和对比说明文)

22)Perhaps， it is ideal/high/ripe time for us to tackle/handle/answer/take up the question in no half-hearted manner.(用于分析建议、原因分析类议论文和知识性说明文)

23)To be frank， I have turned the question over and over in my mind， but found no reason to sidestep it;so here are my ways to……/my reasons for……(用于理由陈述类议论文和知识性说明文)

24)I was once cursed/perplexed/seized with this question， but I have forged/made my own way out of it.(用于知识性说明文)

25)People from different backgrounds， however， put different interpretations on the same thing.(用于各抒己见类议论文和展开式界说性说明文)

26)But different people hold completely different views as to its nature.(用于各抒己见类议论文和界说性说明文)

27)If/When adopted to account for/define/expose……， it can come in different meanings.(用于具体定义说明文)

28)If it is intended for……， however， the divergence of outlook on it ceases to continue while a new meaning to it begins to stand out.(用于归纳性定义说明文)

29)Our life abounds with examples in point.(或The truth in the definition goes for/is applicable to many cases in our life.)(用于举例说明文)

Transportation during the Spring Festival, called chunyun in Chinese, is an annual test on Chinas transportation systems.

The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year, which falls in late January or early February according to Gregorian calendar, is the most important festival for the Chinese as it is an occasion for reunions with family and friends.

Particularly, people hope to return home from work or study to have a reunion dinner with families on the Lunar New Years Eve.

Hundreds of millions of Chinese people are on journey as the Spring Festival travel season begins. Therefore, Chunyun has created enormous pressure on Chinas transportation sector.

The Ministry of Railway and the National Development and Reform Commission usually issue circulars during the period, demanding that coordination mechanisms be established among transportation departments, different localities and police, and that countermeasures be made in place in case of emergencies to ensure efficiency and a complete success during the peak travel season.

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

Zhang Dong is my best friend. He is a boy. Both of us are good at English, so we often have a chat in English in our spare time. Besides,football is our favourite sport. We like watching football match. Zhang Dong works hard at his lessons. He often studies late into the night. No matter how tired he is, he insists on doing his homework. So he gets good marks in all his subjects. He loves popular songs and classical music, too.

There are three people in his family and he is the only child. His father is a doctor and his mother is a Beijing Opera actress. Though Zhang Dongs family is wealthy, he is usually simply dressed. He dreams of being a lawyer in the future.

Such is my friend, a clever and kind boy. I highly value the friendship with him.

张东是我最要好的朋友，他是个男孩。我们两个人都擅长英语，因此我们经常在课余时间用英语聊天。此外，我们两人都喜欢足球，爱看足球赛。张东学习很努力，他经常学习到深夜。不管他多么累，他都坚持完成他的功课，所以他各科功课都很好。他喜欢流行音乐，也喜欢古典音乐。

他家有三口人，他是独生子。父亲是个医生，母亲是个京剧演员。尽管张东家境比较富裕，但是他的穿着却十分朴素。他梦想将来当个律师。

这就是我的朋友，一个聪明、友好的男孩。我珍视同他之间的友谊。

导语：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，练习英语写作也是一样，三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的，必须得持之以恒的练习，才会有进步。下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less

laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

121. on the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。

122. students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性

123. whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

124. on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

125. due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

130. as for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. in the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.

首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132. although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133. in the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.

第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134. although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in peoples life, an increasingevidences show that it is less useful than many people think.

尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. from what has been discussed above, i firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. the maintenance of the traditionaltechnology and methods is futile.

通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. at the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.

当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。

137. nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

138. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

139. there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

140. it is universally acknowledged that trees are

indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

141. there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

142. an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

143. the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

144. so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

145. rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

146. the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你越努力，你越进步。

147. the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

148. to average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that english often means a good opportunity for ones career, is this really the case?

对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗?

149. by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。

150. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

151. on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

152. it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

153. those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

154. there is no one but longs to go to college.

人们都希望上大学。

155. since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

156. it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

157. summer is sultry. thats the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

158. the progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

159. we should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

160. taking exercise is closely related to health.

作运动与健康息息相关。

161. we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

162. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

163. smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

164. reading does good to our mind.

读书对心灵有益。

165. overwork does harm to health.

工作过度对健康有害。

166. pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

167. we should do our best to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

169. as is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.

众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.

现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

171. from what i have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on tv has great influence on youngsters behavior.

从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.

人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. my suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. to begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. people differ in their attitudes towards failure. faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. others, however, lose heart and give in.

人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. it is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. as a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. on the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. people in many countries are suffering from public hazards.

常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. lets take cars for example. they not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. the noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. it is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

179. there is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

近年来，话题作文对学生发挥想象能力，进行创新思维提供了相当宽泛的写作范围。小编收集了话题作文五忌，欢迎阅读。

一、忌复制话题

话题作文，出题者只是提供一个写作的由头，意在引出习作者发表新议论，展开新联想，讲述新故事，抒发新感情。所以，写作时不能将命题所提供的话题材料照搬不误——复制一番，然后才进入自己的“话题”。更不能通篇只是颠来倒去的解释所供材料的含义，引用所供材料的例子在原地打转转。其实，读者不需要复制，读者需要创新。因为试题所供材料，读者已经听过了，感受过了，下面得看你的感悟和创新如何?如果写议论文，就要能够帮助读者深刻领悟其中道理;如果写记叙文，就要通过描述自己的亲身体验或讲述新鲜的故事，使读者有更具体、更强烈、更丰富的思想感情。有时，根据写作需要对所供的一组材料概括出具有“共性”或独具“个性”的某一见解而适当引用材料，这种情况当然不能算是“复制话题”，反而体现了写作者的创新意识了。

二、忌穿靴戴帽

近年来，话题作文对学生发挥想象能力，进行创新思维提供了相当宽泛的写作范围。但某些习作者由于领悟能力不够，想象、创新能力欠缺，同样会把原来提供的话题变成僵化呆板、穿靴戴帽的病文章。例如：近年一次以“答案是丰富多彩的”为话题写作时，某考生居然写了这样的内容：“记得有一次，我们去自然博物馆参观，当我们看到地球仪时，讲解员问我们：‘地球为什么是圆的?’一位同学说：‘因为圆的比较好看。’还有的说：‘因为它在地球仪上，比较好转。’也有的说：‘为了使人看得清楚。’各种回答，千变万化，最后讲解员说：‘有位航海家在大海中一直向西行，最终达到了他的出发点，所以证明地球是圆的。’”然后，这位习作者又归结道：“的确，世界是千变万化的，疑问是层出不穷的，答案是丰富多彩的。”以上这段文字，根本没有理解原话题的丰富的内涵，仅仅是摘引了一些语句生硬地给自己的文章“穿靴戴帽”而已，习作仍然走在缺少想象力、缺乏创新思维的老路上。

三、忌转移话题

一位考生，他的“心灵悟语”一文开头是这样的：“心，我的心不要悲哀，你要忍受命运的安排。严冬掠走的一切，新春会给你带回来。心，我的心，只要是你情乏所钟，你都可以尽量去爱。”可是后面他又接着写道：“平淡，不是与世无争，也不是无所谓，而是平常与淡然。用一颗平常而且淡然的心去面对社会的艰难和压力，就不会过于烦恼和紧张了。就象面对高考，我从小学到初中真是12年寒窗苦，为的就是在这人生的转折点上有一个好的开始，但这一路上却充满了艰辛与痛苦，即将要达到终点时，还要考虑万一没有考上大学怎么办?这时，我的平常心和淡然的心对我说话了，他告诉我不要有太多顾虑，在这12年里流的汗水会化作春雨毫不吝啬的浇在你身上，严冬夺取的一切，新春会给你夺回来。”这篇习作，开头谈的是“爱”，后面写的却是如何看待人生路上的“难”与“苦”，明显属于“转移话题”。“心灵悟语”，可“悟”的话题有许多，“爱”心可以去“悟”，“人生”也可以“悟”，但每一篇“悟”只应围绕一个中心来写，如果前言不搭后语，驴唇不对马嘴，谁知道你“悟”出了什么道理呢?

四、忌文意散漫

一般来说，话题提供的是写作范围，并没有规定写作的主旨。所以，在话题规定的范围内，还要“炼意”，也就是提炼自己文章的中心思想。如果在这一环节下功夫不够，没有考虑好自己究竟要写什么，要表达什么意思，就匆匆忙下笔，就有可能东拉西扯，多头指向，文意散漫，不知所云。例如：有位习作者写《答案是丰富多彩的》，开头三段写学生学习负担太重;接着写李素丽如何在平凡的岗位上成为劳动模范;再下来写一个故意开枪伤人的派出所所长被判死刑;最后又写到做数学题可以一题多解。这样一篇文章，七零八落，让人不知所云，是典型的文意散漫，东拉西扯的病文。

五、忌缺少创新

话题作文的审题难度大为降低，内容更加宽泛，而且更加淡化文体观念。围绕一个话题，可以议论，可以记叙，可以说明，甚至可以编写出小小说或短剧，形式非常自由。正由于话题作文在内容和形式上彻底松绑，学生可以极大地发挥创造力和想象力。可是，由于旧教学思想的影响，学生的作文中仍有不少八股味。写记叙文只会一味赞“心灵美”，编造虚假题材;也有写“悲壮美”的，以损害父母身体健康为代价编造所谓“车祸”换来“我追求的品格——坚韧”、“战胜脆弱”的作文得高分者也大有人在。(由于以前作文命题的欠缺，造成虚假、编造的作文已越来越此路不通了。)现代社会，人文精神已渗透到生活的各个领域，在作文中写出活生生的富有个性的人，极有创意、大胆想象的科幻故事等是我们中学生应该尽力追求的目标。但要达到这个目标，必须广泛阅读课外书籍，关心未来世界，着眼科学素质的培养，重视想象力的开发，只有这样，才能使你的作文有创新、有特色。

古人说“凤头豹尾”，就是说开头要写得有姿有彩，像凤凰的头那样，有人说：“好的开头等于成功的一半”，这些都说明了开头的重要，高考作文开头的五个经典句式。同样，好的开头，对于高考作文来说，也具有重要意义。

那么，什么样的开头是好的呢？文无定法，开头无固定的格式，衡量好坏的标准只有一个，那就是看它是不是文章的有机组成部分，能否为文章的内容和中心服务，能否吸引读者读下去。

由于时间与篇幅的限制，考场作文的开头讲究简洁、生动、优美，可考虑选用如下开头方法。

1、开门见山式

所谓“开门见山”，是一种比喻的说法，指的是写文章时直截了当入题的一种写法。如《谈骨气》一开头就亮出观点：“我们中国人是有骨气的。”《白杨礼赞》一开头就触及题旨：“白杨树实在是不平凡的，我赞美白杨树！”这种方法在各类文章的写作中得到广泛的运用，占有很大的比例。它的表达角度，可以是开头直叙本事，也可以起笔点题；可以开宗明义揭示主旨，也可以单刀直入点明敌论。如此等等。由于这种写法干脆利落，入题快捷，不枝不蔓，所以应为考场作文开头的首选方法。

2、背景渐入式

自然科学告诉我们宇宙是一个大系统，社会科学告诉我们，人类社会又是一个大系统。一棵树是在一座森林的系统之内，一片叶又属于这棵树的系统。一个人属于社会这个系统，一根指头又属于这个人的系统。因此，任何单个事物，任何一种现象都离不开它所属的系统，即它赖以生存的社会背景或自然背景。如《孔己已》开头：“当街一个曲尺形的大柜台……可以随时温酒”。《在烈日和暴雨下》开头：“六月十五那天，天热得发了狂！”这些开头或交待事情发生的时间、地点、节令、气候或阐述论题的背景、环境等。在考场作文时，有些题目乍一看，觉得突兀，不可捉摸，但联系背景一想，便豁然开朗了，作文素材《高考作文开头的五个经典句式》。如1999年的高考作文题目是《假如记忆可以移植》，联系近几年的科技发展，克隆技术的问世了，基因可以移植了，航天技术更是突飞猛进。近几年来，我国的经济持续发展，经济建设取得了突出成就。联系这些背景，文章的内容可写了，联想与想象也便有了立足点了。

3、设问置疑式

先倒叙事情的结果，设置悬念，或先设问破题，引起说明或议论。如《枣核》的开头：“动身访美之前，……可是却很蹊跷。”又如《万紫千红的花》开头设问：“花为什么会有各种美丽鲜艳的色彩呢？”这种开头方法，其目的是设置悬念，引起读者的关注，激发读者的兴趣，同时增加文章的曲折，显现文章的布局之美。这种开头技法在中考作文中的频率很高。当然，这种开头形式要注意巧妙运用，避免单一、或追求形式上的好奇。

(其实，这种开头的形式是很丰富的，如：

①先提出一个悬而未决的问题。

②先截取一个精彩的事件片断。

③先交待一个起线索作用的物件。

④先安排一个引发故事的场景。

⑤先介绍与故事情节紧密相关的人物。)

4、名言警句式

开头引用警句、名言、诗句或俗语、谚语等，可以达到吸引读者，帮助突出中心的作用。如《回声》开头引用了艾青的一首诗。《怀疑与学问》开头引用了程颐的话：“学者先要会疑”等。这种开头法，也是一般考生容易掌握和便于使用的方法。试想，哪个考生记不得几首古诗，几句格言，几条名言呢？考场作文，因题而异，相机引用，又何乐而不为？名言警句式开头运用得自如，往往能增强开端的气势，使人感到突兀、峥嵘、高远。当然，引用时要尽量准确，避免出现知识性错误。

5、精辟设喻式

开头设喻，以引起读者对要说明的事物或道理的兴趣。如《中国石拱桥》开头：“石拱桥的桥洞成弧形，就像虹。”《马说》开头：“世有伯乐，然后有千里马。”以伯乐与千里马的故事为喻引出中心论点，精辟设喻式多用于议论文的开头，它能使文章发端新颖，增强文章的吸引力和表达效果。既然是“设喻”，就得注意所言之“他物“与本题有一定的相似之处，不能牵强附会。

此外，还有抒情议论议式，刻画人物式等开头法，在此不一一赘述。

总之，考场作文怎样开头，这决定考题所规定的内容，文章的性质和考生独特的构思。各位考生拿到题目后，勿必三思而后行，切忌草草了事。

高考即将到来，语文作文对成绩的影响是很大的，大家一定要多看多练，提升作文水平。小编收集了临场作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

1、拿到考试卷，如果完成了基本的填写姓名等程序以后，可以先看看作文题，注意既然要看，就要看得仔细，以免没看清楚，引起错觉，影响后面的正式审题、答题。可以先看有一个准备，但不要先写作文。因为作文太耗时间和精力。考试开始的时候是精力最好的时候，这时候要用来解决前面的基础题。等到正式准备做作文时，还要仔细看题，要确保万无一失!

2、时间安排

花60分钟时间写作文是比较适当的，用8-10分钟构思很重要。因为，一旦写到一定字数发现思路不好，无论时间还是空间都来不及了。相信高考作文审题难度不大，但一定要审，之后再构思基本框架，根据自己的习惯，写个关键字的提纲(自己能看明白就行，主要的立意，哪些材料，还有哪些名言等)，开头部分最好在草稿纸上写好，修改，再誊抄。一定要仔细研究题目，审题不慎，满盘皆输。

3、标题

标题是文章的眼睛，也是阅卷教师对文章的第一印象，自拟题目，要确切、精练、生动、新颖、有意蕴。但坚决不能刻意求新，弄巧成拙!更忌涂改。当然，如果是命题作文，就不必为此烦神了。

4、文体

高考作文通常是“文体不限”(也有要求写议论文和记叙文)，但不代表没有文体，用什么文体写作，就要符合该文体的要求。记叙文要三分之二的篇幅落足于叙述，议论文反之。写记叙文，叙事务必清楚，情节设置或曲折或感人，不能是演绎中心的流水账;注意运用景物渲染和细节刻画、首尾呼应、伏笔过渡等写作技法。议论文，中心要突出，观点要鲜明;文章思路要清晰：或并列，或正反对照，或递进;论据要充分，表达要简洁，要懂得根据论点裁剪材料。还可以采用书信体，但务必符合书信格式，不能出现真实姓名和地点，要情真意切。

5、内容：精彩的构思必须用丰富的内容来支撑，丰富的内容必须紧扣主题。

要注意文章的主题不要偏离社会的主流价值观。虽然现在强调高考作文只要能够自圆其说，怎样的观点都可以，但这里必须有个度，这个度就是社会的主流价值观。不要触及敏感的政治事件，少谈宗教、政治话题，不要单纯发牢骚，不要写早恋、文革、批判政府无能等敏感话题。记叙文最好要有细节描写。推己及人，以情动人。议论文切忌大话、套话、废话，要避免空发议论，无情而“抒情”，无病呻吟，滥提口号，乱发号召，空表决心等等。议论文必须有分析，如果只是材料的堆砌就不叫议论文。

6、结构

高考作文的思路，务必清晰。除掉首尾，中间部分可以采用段首点题的方式，彰显文章的思路;也可以采用小标题的方式组织文章(慎用!)。另外，文章的段落安排，一定不能出现少于五段的情况。最好在5—8个自然段。

7、开头和结尾

考场作文最忌含蓄。高考作文的开头和结尾，必须做到开头起笔入题，结尾点明主旨。要确保开篇简洁，语句通畅，绝对不能出现病句和错别字，书写上也不能涂抹。要充分利用首因效应，在开篇给阅卷者留下良好的第一印象。开篇字数不宜过多，最多五句话，并且一定要有点明文章中心的句子。开篇确立的主旨，一方面要符合题目要求，另一方面必须贯穿全文。切不可前后矛盾。

文章的结尾也是阅卷看得相对仔细的地方。结尾亦不能草率。也要精心构思。或卒章显志，点明主旨;或画龙点睛，升华主题;或预留空白，引发想象或思考;或点题，首尾呼应。

8、语言

应试作文的表述要朴实大方，干净利索。严禁文白夹杂;严禁使用别人看不懂的方言;严禁使用别人看不懂的词汇;少用长句多用短句;尽量避免欧式的语言表述方式;多引用名言警句;引用流行的通俗歌曲歌词;但要注意：在作文中不要插上几句英语或网络语言(广东明令禁止采用)。总之，表达要符合现代汉语的语言规范，要简明、连贯、得体，要准确、鲜明、生动。

9、字数

应试作文一定要看清字数的要求，一定要写够数量或稍微超过50—100字才好。全文不要超过900字，写多了容易画蛇添足。

10、书写与卷面

书写要认真，卷面要整洁。不写繁体字、不写不规范的简化字(注意不要把“己”写成“乙”，注意修改的要求)。特别是民间流传的简化字，可以算作错别字，要扣分的。尽量写楷体字，一笔一画清清楚楚，不要写草字。标点符号，注意格式。近年高考作文评分标准中，“字体工整”是一项重要的评分细则。一般不要求写得好看，但要求书写整齐易辨认。总之，书写规范，卷面整洁，给阅卷老师留下好印象，至关重要!

导语：现如今越来越多人网购，网购是由于网上购物很便捷，人们不用出门，只要轻轻点击鼠标，就能买到自己想要的商品。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Recently, we often show that shopping online is better than in store, but is this really the case? Actually, there is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of shopping online is better than traditional shopping. Some people consider that online shopping will replace the mall shopping, stores will disappear in the future, while others argue that stores would unlikely to be disappeared, it has its own advantages.

Most people shopping online because it is very convenient, there is no need to go out, just click the mouse gently, they can buy the goods they want. In addition, goods online are cheaper than entity shop that buyers can save a lot of money. But even the coin has two sides. Online shopping also has advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, we see a lot of news about online cheating, and many buyers complain about poor quality of the goods, which is different with the description.

However, the situation above is rare in traditional shopping store, because the guest can communicate with the seller face to face. Buyers can also see goods intuitively. But the traditional shopping does not convenience as well as online shopping, for example, if people meet a traffic jam on the way to the shopping which will affect the happy mood of shopping.

To sum up, online shopping and traditional shopping has their own advantages and disadvantages. They can exist together, in recent period of time, online shopping will not replace traditional shopping.

【参考译文】

近来，我们经常听说网上买东西比在实体店更好，但情况真的如此吗?事实上，人们并未就这个观点达成一致意见，一些人认为网购将会代替商场购物，商场未来会消失，而另一些人则争辩说商场不可能会消失，它有自己的优势。

大部分人网购是由于网上购物很便捷，人们不用出门，只要轻轻点击鼠标，就能买到自己想要的商品。另外，网上的东西比实体店的便宜很多，买家可以节约很多钱。不过硬币都有正反面，网购也存在利弊。近年来，我们看到很多关于网购欺骗的新闻，以及很多买家抱怨商品的质量很差，跟网上描述的不相同。

但这样的情况在传统购物就很少发生。因为客人与店主可以面对面交流，买家也可以直观的看到商品。但是传统购物却没有网购方便，比如在去购物的路上遇到堵车等情况，就会影响愉快的购物心情。

综上所述，网购和传统的购物都有各自的优势和劣势，两者可以共同存在，在近段时间，网购不会取代传统购物

Yesterday, I broke a vase. This vase has been in myhome for several years.

昨天，我打碎了一个花瓶。那个花瓶在我们家很多年了。

I was afraid of being criticized. I didnt dare to tellmy parents. So I pretended nothing happened.

我怕被骂所以不敢告诉我父母。所以我就假装什么都没发生。

But they discovered at last. It was strange that myfather didnt blame me, but teach me a lesson.

但是最后他们还是发现了。很奇怪我爸爸不仅没有责怪我，反而给我上了一课。

He made me know that responsibility was necessary for everyone in the world.

他让我知道责任感对我这个世界上的每一个人都是必须的。

If a person was not responsible, he couldnt do anything successful and may not be popularamong the people around you.

如果一个人没有责任感，他很难取得成功，也可能会让你在你周围不怎么受欢迎。

A responsible person would have the courage to undertake everything. This was what a boyshould have.

一个有责任感的人会有勇气承担一切。这也是一个男孩所必须的。

If I have done something wrong, I should take the responsibility.

如果我做错了，我就该负起这个责任。

[责任感高考满分英语作文

1. According to a recent survey， four million people die eachyear from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children haveunpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete withgraduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education， the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great effortsshould be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of internationaltourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on constructionof city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents， whocomplain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严 重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend muchmore time waiting for a bus， which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.

Whats lost is lost. 失者不可复得。

Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.

Tomorrow never comes. 切莫依赖明天. / 我生待明日,万事成蹉跎.

No man is infallible. 没有人不犯错误。

Alms never make poor. 施舍穷不了人.

Love will find a way. 爱心所至,金石为开.

Manners make the man. 举止见人品。

Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德.

Pity is akin to love. 怜悯生爱.

Call a spade a spade. 是啥说啥，难听不怕。

Delays are dangerous. 因循出危险.

Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手.

Counsel is no command. 劝告不是命令.

Poverty tries friends. 贫穷考验朋友.

Once bitten,twice shy. 吃一次亏,学一次乖.

Pain past is pleasure. 痛苦过去即欢乐.

Leal heart lied never. 心诚无谎言。

Hot love is soon cold. 过热的爱情冷得快.

As good lost as found. 有得必有失. /得失同喜.

Every dog has his day. 瓦块也有翻身日，人人都有运来时。

Wise fear begets care. 懂得担心,就会小心.

"Never”is a long word. 不要轻易说“决不”。

After wind comes rain. 风是雨的头。

Nurture passes nature. 教养胜过天性.

Time tries all things. 时间检验一切.

Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.

No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.

The truth will out. 真相总会大白.

Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.

To think is to see. 思考就是明白.

Truth will prevail. 真理必胜

A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。

Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.

In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.

Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.

Every little helps. 点滴都有用.

Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度，勿念旧恶。

Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.

Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.

Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.

Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.

Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.

Fair plays a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.

Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.

环保是一个热点话题，下面语文迷网整理提供了关于环保的英语写作素材，希望对你有帮助。

环保的英语名言

1、 Dont litter the floor.不随地扔垃圾。

2、 Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.许多国家制定了法律来保护大气、森林和海洋资源，制止环境污染。

3、 Please keep off the grass.不要践踏草坪。

4、 It’s our duty to save water节约水是我们每个人的责任。

5、 Safety First.安全第一。

6、 Earth is our home, you rely on green.地球是我家，绿化靠大家。

7、 Environmental problems directly affect the quality of peoples lives.环境问题直接影响人们的生活质量。

8、 Lets do our best to make it more beautiful.让我们尽力让它更美丽。

9、 If we dont save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.如果我们不节约水，那么最后一滴水也许会是我们人类的眼泪。

10、 Handle with Care.小心轻放。

11、 No climbing.禁止攀爬。

12、 Save the earth, Our Only Home.保护地球，我们唯一的家。

13、 As we know , water is very important to man.我们知道，水对人类来说是非常的重要。

14、 Most environmental litigation involves disputes with governmental agencies.许多环保诉讼都涉及与政府机构的争端。

15、 Do not throw rubbish onto the ground. Do not waste water. Use both sides of paper when you write. Stop using plastic bags for shopping. Make classrooms less noisy.不要在地上扔垃圾。不要浪费水。当你写字时要在纸的两面都要写。停止使用塑料袋去购物。减少教室里德吵闹声。

16、 The most important question in the world today is pollution.当今世界最重要的话题就是污染问题。

17、 No one can live without water or air.没有人能离开水和空气生存。

18、 We should stop factories from producing harmful gases.我们应该阻止工厂生产有害气体。

19、 Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.很多河流湖泊已经受到严重污染。

20、 Without the shade from trees, Earth would get too hot to live on.没有了树荫，地球将会变得太热而不能生存。

21、 We need to protect Earth because it is our home.我们需要保护地球因为它是我们的家。

22、 Discharge pipes directly take pollutants away from the plant into the river.排泄管道直接将污染物从工厂排入河流。

23、 Please shut the door after you.出入请关门。

24、 We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future为了将来我们的生活过得更好、更加健康我们应该种更多的树。

环保的词汇

21世纪议程：Agenda 21世界环境日(6月5日)：World Environment Day (June 5th each year)

世界环境日主题：World Environment Day Themes冰川消融，后果堪忧!(2007年)Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!

莫使旱地变荒漠!(2006年)Deserts and Desertification–Dont Desert Drylands!

营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园!(2005年)Green Cities – Plan for the Planet!

海洋存亡，匹夫有责!(2004年)Wanted! Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive!

水——二十亿人生命之所系!(2003年)Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!

让地球充满生机!(2002年)Give Earth a Chance!

世间万物，生命之网!(2001年)Connect with the World Wide Web of life!

环境千年-行动起来吧!(2000年)The Environment Millennium - Time to Act!

拯救地球就是拯救未来!(1999年)Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!

为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!(1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!

为了地球上的生命!(1997)For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园：(1996)Our Earth， Our Habitat， Our Home国际生物多样性日(12月29日)：International Biodiversity Day (29 December)

世界水日(3月22日)：World Water Day (22 March)

世界气象日(3月23日)：World Meteorological Day (23 March)

世界海洋日(6月8日)：World Oceans Day (8 June)

植树节(3月12日)：Arbor Day (12 March)

一.开头用语：

良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。

1.议论论文：

A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.

C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...

D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.

E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.

F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.

2. 书信：

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again.

3. 口头通知或介绍情况：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演讲稿：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

二.并列用语：

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三.对比用语：

on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

四. 递进用语：

even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

五. 例证用语：

in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely

A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.

B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.

六. 时序用语：

first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time

in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,

A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.

B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.

七. 强调用语：

especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,

A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

B What in the world/on earth are you doing?

八. 因果用语：

thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to...

A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.

B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.

九. 总结用语：

in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all

A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.

B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.

常用句型

(一)段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that ……

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying……Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……Second,……What makes things worse is that…….

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because …… Besides，……

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages

and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,……

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they say……

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve …….For example，……Worst of all，…….

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

……is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，……Whats more, ……Most important of all,……

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….

For one thing，For another，

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly…….

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as ……

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while……

Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ……So its urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First ……second …… Last but not least,……

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view find……

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that……

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is

常用句型：

开头：

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点：

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点：

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子：

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

(先说故事主体)，this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾：

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

毕业感想英语作文一：

Dear schoolmates,

As I am graduating, I’d like to write this letter to express my feelings before leaving school. As for me, it is the school life that colors my daily life. During the three years, I had a good time with teachers and classmates who were in favor of me. Besides, there is no doubt that I achieved lots of knowledge and skills which are good for my future study.

Nevertheless, there are also some things that I regret about. For instance, wasting too much time playing computers, I spent a little time in studying. Moreover, I regret arguing with my friends when I was in a low spirit.

Gone are the days when I studied in high school. Needless to say, there are many challenges in university where I will start my new life. Therefore, I should make every effort to study in university.

Here is some advice for you to take. Under no circumstances should you waste time doing things that aren’t linked with study. Apart from this, it’s high time that you should spare no effort to get good marks at school.

Good luck to all of you!

Yours

毕业感想英语作文二：

Hello, everyone.

I dont know how to express my feeling now. I dont know whether Im happy or sad. Today well be apart. From now on well never study together, never laugh together.

Ive been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. Ive learned a lot here. I got to know whats english and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didnt listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldnt do anything else but shout Attention!

Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instesd Te Li could spell it. Its really admirable. I love Teachers reading, nice although not better than .

How time flys. Im going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.

Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!

Thank you! Thats all.

假如有一批澳大利亚中学生在京旅游，住在北京饭店，请用英语为他们拟一个参观颐和园的口头通知, 内容要点如下:

1．参观时间: 五月四日，星期三

2．颐和园简介: 它是中国最大的保存最完好的皇家园林, 风景优美, 甚是迷人, 有山有水, 有皇家建筑和画廊。

3．活动安排: 上午自由参观, 中午在快餐馆吃午饭, 下午5:30返回宾馆。

4．集合时间: 星期三早上6:10, 汽车6:30开, 行驶45分钟。

5．集合地点: 宾馆大门口。

要求: 不要逐条翻译, 词数100词左右 。

One possible version:

May I have your attention?

We will visit the summer Palace on Wednesday, May 4. The Summer Palace is the largest well-kept royal park in China. In the park there is water and man-piled hills. There are some royal buildings and a gallery, too. I am sure you will be struck by its beautiful scenery. In the morning we will be free to visit the different places of the Palace and then we will have lunch in the fast-food restaurant. We will get back to the hotel at half five. Please gather at the hotel gate at 6:10 on Wednesday morning. The buses will start at 6:30. It will take us about 45 minutes to get there. Please be on time. Thank you.

我可以引起你的注意吗？

我们将参观颐和园，星期三，五月四日。颐和园是中国最大的保存最完好的皇家公园。公园里有水和人堆成小山。有皇家建筑和画廊，太。我相信你会被它美丽的景色了。在早上我们将免费参观宫殿的不同的地方，然后我们会在快餐店吃午餐。我们将在半场五回到酒店。请聚集在酒店门口6:10星期三早上。公共汽车将在6:30。我们大约要花45分钟才能到达。请准时。谢谢你们。

高考作文获得满分是许多学生的梦想，因为作文在整个高考中占有的分量是举足轻重的，如果能够获得满分，那将给学生争取不少的机会，下面我们就介绍五个字，如果把握好了这五个字，高考作文获得满分不再是一件难事情。

第一：全

全即文章的结合呼应，给人完整感。阅卷人的心理，对文章的开头、中间、结尾很看重，特别是结尾的结构呼应或者主题升华的语言等等。

第二：亮

亮就是试卷上的亮点。亮点是多方面的，字迹端正、卷面整洁是其中第一要着。文章无错别字，没有明显的病句，没有明显的涂改痕迹，行款漂亮等等，都会让阅卷老师一翻到试卷就精神大振，产生好感，不忍心打低分。

第三：显

由于时间关系，高考阅卷老师不能细细揣摩文章，也不能明晓考生的作文功底，考生要特别讲究一个“显”字。

首先，文章的主旨要明了，平时作文，有学生喜欢写些含蓄的文字，以求文学的含蓄美，也得到了老师的青睐，甚至发表了不少的文章，但是高考场上不能这样做，太含蓄了，就会使文章走进隐讳的死胡同，短时间内难以让人读懂，就很容易被阅卷老师误认为离题打入冷宫。

其次，文章的分论点最好用分段的方式明确摆出，开头、中间、结尾都要顾及体现自己中心思想的语句，最明显的方法就是把它们放在段首，好让阅卷者一目了然。

第四：虚

虚就是虚构。高考作文能写实固然好，但由于我们长期处在学校——家庭两点一线的生活方式，很难发现生活中真实动人的故事。高考作文要求有创新，必然把原本平淡无奇的事情编得生动曲折。

第五：简

简即简笔勾勒。高考的一般议论文也好，一般记叙文也好，最好需要多种材料的荟萃，这样信息量大，以符合“内容充实”的要求，因而不欢迎一些时间、地点、人物、发生、发展、高潮、结局俱在的材料啰嗦记叙。

如果在高考作文的时候，能够很好的把握上面五个字，那高考作文将有可能获得满分。