英语新高考写作实用20篇

1.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Bill来信询问language teacher. 你家乡是否有雾霾天气，情况如何.请按下面写 What frequently brings back memories of 一封电子邮件1.感谢他得关心2.介绍情况:(1)my school teacher is his special qualities. First of 去年以来以发生数次雾霾天气(2)人们已认识all, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember 到雾霾天气的危害，正采取各种举措减少其发we always long for his class with great eagerness 生(3)你自己为此做了什么或打算做什么Dear because his lecture were humorously delivered, Bill,I’m glad to receive your letter, thank you for never failing to provoke loud laughs. Second, he your caring for the weather and my health. Now gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer-- an I’d like to tell you something about the smog. awakening of a passion for learning. He not only Since the winter last year, the smog has occurred led us to an appreciation of the beauty and a lot of times. it has done great harm to our daily perfection of Chinese and literature, but also life. many traffic accidents happened just because aroused our great interest in exploring something of the heavy smog weather, more and more deeper in this field. Finally, I was deeply people have to go to see the doctor because the impressed by the respect he showed for us, for he serious disease caused by the smog, quite a lot of treated us like friends rather than students. flights have to be put off, a great number ofAlthough it is nearly 10 years since I people have to stay at home for fear of the attended his last class, he is the talk of our old poisonous air caused by the smog. classmates, and I know part of him has alreadyPeople have realized the great harm caused stayed in my heart. by the smog and the importance of protecting the 5.Is English Not Important Any More（英语不再environment. people all over the country are 重要） taking measures to reduce the smog weather. the Recently, the Ministry of Education has drafted a government suggests people go to work or school

Firstly, self-confidence enables us to have the

ambition of being successful. Only when you have the ambition to be successful, can you be successful eventually. Secondly, once we gain self-confidence, we will possess the courage and strength to overcome the setbacks and difficulties. With self-confidence, no one and nothing can stop you to success.Thirdly, with self-confidence we may accomplish something which seems to be impossible previously. No great thing is easy for us, therefore we should hold the idea that

anything is possible. We should, or have to trust in ourselves.

In short, self-confidence is the spiritual pillar of a person as well as the inherent power, which is of great importance and value to a person.

9. 节约是中华人民的传统美德，然而，当前国人的浪费现象却十分严重，尤其是餐桌上的浪费。请用英语写一篇100-120词的短文，描述你的一次“餐桌浪费”经历，并结合当前的“光盘行动”(Clear Your Plate Campaign) With large amounts of food thrown away with the public traffic, such as the bus and the

underground. Also we should plant more trees.

or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste According to me, I will go to school by bike

in addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect anywhere. the environment as possible as they can. would you like to tell me some good forward to your reply.

ideasI’m looking 2.作文要求：例：1、生活中确实存在不讲诚信

的现象2、举一例说明(如，有毒奶粉、考试

作弊等)3、讲求诚信的意义Honesty is a

virtue Comes the Wolf Almost all of us heard the story （诚信是一种美德）

What we can learn from the story is that we must

“ when we were little kids.

“ Here

be honest. However, thereof dishonesty nowadays. ’re lots of phenomena other people but also to yourself. Take the case of Being dishonest does great harm not only to fake milk powder for example. After drinking this

kind of milk, the babies had big heads while their

legs and arms were still thin, which badly affected

their health. To our great relief, the producers got

accused and punishedconsequences in the end. for all the serious reliable will make other people trust you, which Having the reputation of being honest and will provide you many benefits and give you

opportunities that others may not get. Being

honest, you will find it easier to cooperate with

others and people will be friendly to you and

support you. In a sense, if life is a long journey, honesty will be the backpack that should be taken along all the way. and start the wonderful journey! Let’s pick up our “ backpack “ —honesty, 3.build an energy-saving society(

型社会)

建立一个节约

近日你所在的学校开展了“为建设节约型社会

献一计”主题活动，同学们提出了许多建议。

请你根据以下要点：1.不浪费粮食和纸张 2.

尽量不使用方便筷、塑料袋 3.毕业生将书赠

给低年级同学循环使用？参考词汇：方便筷

disposable chopsticks

Recently，there has been an activity of

“doing your bit for an energy-saving society” in

our school. Our schoolmates are highly concerned

about the increasing lack of energy and provide

their own suggestions.

Some students suggest that we shouldn’t

waste any food or paper, though they appear very

easy to get. Meanwhile, some other students think

it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks

and plastic bags. Besides, it is also strongly

recommended that those used textbooks as well

as reference books of graduates, which are still in

good condition, not be thrown but recycled.

Actually, there are still quite a lot that we

can easily do: say, try to take buses or ride

bicycles instead of driving cars, etc. All of these

will definitely help to build an energy-saving

society.

4.有关“人与事件”话题The Most Unforgettable

Person in my memory

(1)我生活中最难以忘怀的人是(2)为什

么他 (或她)一直在我心中 (3)结论

In my life I have met many people who are

really worth my recalling. But perhaps the most

unforgettable person I ever knew is my Chinese

reform about English, it is said that English will be not the subject that take into account of the College Entrance Exam, a lot of students feel excited, because they think English will not be their burden. The reform may relieve some students who are week in English, they think they donEnglish, because English is not important any ’t need to spend so much time in learning more. The fact is that they get the wrong idea,

English still important even though it will be no more considered to be the College Entrance Exam. The trend is people learning English since they are young, parents pay special attention to the children’s second language, so most students now are good at English. What’s more, English is the most widely used language, it can enhance a student’s competition. So English is still important to learn. 6.Work and SuccessSince we go to school, we are taught that no pain, （付出与成功） no gain, it means that if people want to be successful, they must work hard. But the truth is that not everyone can get what they want, even they work hard so much, but if working hard does not bring success, why should they still need to work hard. In my opinion, working hard doesn’t mean the person can success certainly, success needs more factors, like the time, the luck and other things.There is no doubt that if the person does not work hard and fight for his goal, there is no way for him to get what he wants. Some actors start their career at the very young age, when they are also 40, they become famous suddenly, if they give up, they can’t be waiting for their reputation. So working hard, there is much chance to get succeed. 7.No Pains, No Gains（一分耕耘，一分收获） It is obvious to everybody that the only way to achieve ones goal is to work hard. Just as the old saying goes;no mill, no meal; Have you ever seen a man who succeeds just by idling aboutOf course, the answer is; No; so we know if you want to gain something, you will have pains.The farmers harvest by a year of arduous work; the scientists gain achievements by years of devoted researches; students get good marks by working hard; even the little ants have their food by working hard day and night. 1 know there are always some people who wait for the opportunities falling on them. They may attribute their failures to lack of good chances. Therefore, there are so many people gaining nothing at last. Clever men know that the more effort they make, the bigger chance they will have to be successful.So, when others achieve their aspirations and you still gain nothing, dont complain about the unfair fate and dont give up, either. Remember: no pains, no gains. 8.The Importance of Self-Confidence（自信的重要 ） People say that self-confidence is half of the success that can bring you courage to stick to what you do. Without self-confidence, one can not do well in anything. Self-confidence is of great importance and value to a person. each year, the problem of food waste is

widespread in China. Last Spring Festival, my father invited several friends to dinner in a restaurant. My father ordered a lot to show respect and display generosity.

What surprised me was he ordered an extra dish before we could finish all! When we stood up to leave, there were many dishes unfinished. Out of embarrassment, my father was reluctant to take the leftovers home. Later, we all shared the opinion that it was a great waste.

Recently, the Clear Your Plate Campaign started nationwide. I firmly believe that if everyone does his bit, the food waste will be significantly reduced.

10.【校园生活】假如你是诸暨二中高三(1)的李华，今年即将高中毕业。请根据以下要点给某英文报写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对高三生活的看法。 (1)对获得的帮助表示感谢;(2)消除与 同学之间的误会;(3)努力学习，实现人生梦想;(4)对学弟、学妹的建议。

High school is regarded as the best time in a persons life. As a senior three student, it wont take long before I graduate. Now, I have much to share with my fellow students.

Firstly, I would like to show my appreciation to those standing by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends included. Without their help and advice, my life would be different. Secondly, its high time to say sorry to classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood. Communication and

smiles act as bridges to friendship. Above all, Ive made up my mind to make every effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the old saying goes, "no pains, no gains."Finally I hope that all the younger fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no men.

11.根据下面提示，有关“财富、健康、幸福”话题

(1)写一篇《财富与快乐》的短文。一些人认为财富能带来快乐。

(2)另一些人认为钱多了不是一件好事。(3)注意：单词数提出自己的看法。120个左右。

Wealth and Happiness

happiness to them. It is true that most of them try Some people think wealth can bring

to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. They work hard and overcome many difficulties. After doing this, they feel very happy and pleased. Even their spending money is a kind of happiness them happiness. For example, when one gets a But some people believe wealth can。

’t bring fortune, the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him. And afterwards, they will quarrel with one another, trying to share more. And sometimes even appear bloody fight and killing. What a terrible result!

wealth brings happiness, especially in the modern In my opinion, I think there is no doubt that society. If you have money you can lead a

comfortable and colorful life. But we should take a proper attitude towards wealth. Remembermoney is not everything12。

： 生态游，你觉得名不副实。请你根据下表内容假如你上周末参加了某旅行社组织的所谓把自己经历的这次生态游和对真正生态游的看

空气;有人摘花、捉鸟、乱扔垃圾;真正的生态游 享受自然，同时也是一种责任’要保护自然，保护野生动物’带走美好回忆，留下青山绿水Last weekend I went on an eco-travel with a travel agency. All the way we enjoyed the beautiful scenery and fresh air. But a few of us picked flowers as while going sightseeing.. Some 2

I don’t think this is a true eco-travel. A true eco-travel is a tour that not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our

responsibility as well. As we enjoy the beauty of nature, we should try our best to protect it. And we should also try to protect wildlife. A true eco-travel should be like this: take nothing away but your good memory; leave nothing behind but all the green trees and the clean water.

第三部分 英语写作经典句型

By +doing, … can … 通过/借着...，..能够.. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意

By taking exercise, we can always keep fit.通过做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

… enable + Object(受词)+ to + V ...使..能够.. What an important thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

On no account can we ignore the value of

knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 On no account can we + V =by no means, … 我们绝对不能...

Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the

conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是， 7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好 四.举例句型

1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3.

Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of…. 五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/ heard/ had/ read, ) the + ~ est + + seen (known/ heard/ had/ read, etc)

名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever A + be + 形容词最高级 + B + have/ has ever + (known/ heard/ had/ read, etc)

Bai jing is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.白晶是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

The + 较级 + S + V … 形容词比较级愈… + S + V愈…

, the + 形容词比The harder you work, the more progress you make. The more books we read, the more learned we 你愈努力，你愈进步。

become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V;;;Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to +V

Nothing is +形容词比较级+ than to + do sth. Nothing is easier than to give up.容易的事了。

没有比放弃更Nothing is more important than to receive education.It is time + S + 没有比接受教育更重要的事。过去式 该是...的时候了 It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

It is conceivable that knowledge plays an

important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

It is conceivable + that It is obvious + that 从句从句 (明显的 (可想而知的)

) It is apparent + that 从句 (显然的) It pays to help others.It pays to do sth. ...是值得的。帮助别人是值得的 There is no doubt

+ that 从句 毫无疑问的...

There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

There is no one but … 没有人不...

There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。

… cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。 We cannot emphasize the importance of

protecting our eyes too much. 保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。我们再怎么强调

The reason why + 从句 is + that 从句 ...的原因是..The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 That is the reSummer is sultry. That is the reason why I don’t ason why … 那就是...的原因 like it. 夏天很炙热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 An advantage of An advantage of using the solar energy is that it is + that 从句.的优点是... won’t create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

Due to / Owing to / Thanks to sth./ doing因为. Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.So + adj. + be + 因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。 So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste 主语 + that 从句：如此.以致于 it.

by no means = in no way 一点也不

be+forced/ compelled/ obliged + to do不得不 Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.Those who … ...违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。的人...

Smoking has a great influence on our health.对我们的健康有很大的影响。

抽烟have a great influence on 对...有很大的影响 Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.染对我们的生存造成一大威胁

污Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益 Overwork does harm to health.有害do good to对...有益do harm to工作过度对健康对..有害高考英语作文万能句子：8种实用句型 一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，... 3.It can be said with certainty that... 地说......

可以肯定4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 5.It has to be noticed that... 6.Its generally recognized that... 它必须注意到，它普遍认为... ...7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为... 8.Its hardly that... 9.Its hardly too much to say that... 这是很难的......

它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...别注意的是

需要特11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问， 12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that..更重要的是 二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 如前段所述然 而问题并非如此简单，所以…… 5.But its a pity that... 6.For all that...对于这一切但遗憾的是...... In spite of the fact …

that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that..为

此外我们坚持认8.However , the difficulty lies in..然而困难在于 9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 我们要注意...

同样，10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.12.As has been mentioned above...鉴于目前形势正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 角度上我们可以说

从这个14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 一方面，即 … 然而我们还得看到事物的另三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...最后我要说… 因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,safely said that...它可以有把握地说总而言之 It may be ......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨

为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is

essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it Despite their similarities, A and B are also

different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。 2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。 3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.面的可能是最有效的。有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5. The reasons are as follows. 一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。 八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The

effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

2

书面表达是英语写作的重要组成部分，有不少学生觉得用英语写作很难，不知从何练起。笔者教学实践发现，首先要具备扎实的基础知识，抓住课本教学来培养学生的写作能力，立足教材，由易到难，由浅入深，采取多种形式来加强书面表达训练，这样英语写作水平才能得到提高。

一是通过词汇教学训练写作能力。要写好文章不是一朝一夕就能达到的，必须从最基础的词汇入手。教学中，教师要注意加强词汇方面的训练，力求给学生交代清楚每一个词语的具体用法。对一些重点的、核心的词汇讲清，讲透每个词语的单独用法和搭配用法。为了更有效地与课本结合起来，每学完一个单元，根据本单元的单词、短语造句，举一反三，帮助学生扩大词汇量，使学生词不离句，强化写作训练。

二是通过一句多译练习训练写作能力。就七年级学生而言，他们虽然接触英语学习时间不长，但教师还是要注重引导学生多做一些一句多译练习，这样有助于启发学生的写作思路。考试时选择自己有把握的句子灵活地表达同一内容，减少失误，提高得分率。通过做汉译英练习，暴露出学生受母语影响的问题，对这些问题我及时进行讲评和纠正。这样，有利于培养和规范学生的英语表达能力。

三是结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。目前，信息来源的渠道多种多样，学生课文中有记叙、日记、通知、便条、书信、广告和说明等多种体裁，文中还有大量的插图，教师可利用图片让学生进行看图写作。要学好英语写作就必须从课文练起，从一些常见的文体练起，由短到长，由浅入深，循序渐进地进行。

四是通过背诵训练写作。培养学生的英语写作能力，以课文为中心训练写作能力非常重要，因为课文中的句子就是规范的英语范文。因此，每学完一篇课文或对话，教师就要要求学生背诵，然后默写。这样使学生把词语放在句型、段落、篇章中去理解、记忆和体味，以至于能够仿写、改写。

五是通过仿写和改写训练写作能力。仿写也是提高英语写作能力行之有效的方法，模仿写作中，格式、构思、表达方式等方面都可模仿。但要提醒学生注意灵活变通，语句要通顺，符合英语表达习惯。仿写前要从时态，句型，内容选材等方面对学生加以辅导，指导学生怎样模仿，特别提醒学生注意时态。

另外，改写也是一种很好的方法，改写就是对文章材料的文体、式样、句式等进行改编的一种训练方式。无论是改人称、改时态，还是改对话材料为叙述文字，这都有助于学生复习巩固所学知识，又能培养学生所学知识的迁移运用能力，还能起到提高学生的写作能力。

总之，要提高学生的英语写作能力，就要培养学生养成良好的学习习惯。即：重视词、短语、造句，优秀的对话和课文要背诵，多做翻译练习，练习改写和仿写，结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，才能写出准确、地道、规范的英语文章。

下面语文迷网为大家带来了5个高考英语写作中的高频句型，一起来看看吧。

1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world.

在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。

同样句型包括：

It is important/(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth.

例句：It is necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone.

与第一次见面的人握手是非常必要的。

2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.

你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。

1)The+比较级..., the+比较级...

2)比较级+and+比较级(The world is getting smaller and smaller.)

3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.

如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。

类似的句型还有：If necessary…, they can…

4. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.

这份工作太辛苦，差点使我半途而废。

1)直接使用：so… that…

例句：The job was so tired, boring and seemed endless that I almost quit half way.

这份工作太累、太无聊，而且没完没了，这使我差点半途而废。

2)能够增加句子层次的高级连词还有：

(Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…)

5. Good habits are the crosscut to success.

好习惯是成功的捷径。

1)主语从句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy。

It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…

It is / that

2)宾(表)语从句

We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates。

The problem is not who will go, but who will stay。

3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university。

It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste。

4)状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等)

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him。

Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers。

5)分词短语做定语或状语

Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better。

6)倒装句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem。

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots。

7)被动句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem。

He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds。

Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)

8)设问句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

9)比较

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B。

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.。。

4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that.。。

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages。

6.Like anything else, it has its faults。

7.A and B has several points in common。

8.A bears some resemblances to B。

9.However, the same is not applicable to B。

10. A and B differ in several ways。

11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects。

12. People used to think ..., but things are different now。

13. The same is true of B。

14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks。

15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .。。

10)原因

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation。

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem)。

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors。

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.。。

4. The factors that contribute to this

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that.。。

6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are.。。

7. Part of the explanations for it is that .。。

8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .。。

9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is .。。

10. Perhaps the primary factor is that …

11. But the fundamental cause is that .。。

寂寞是心灵的慎独，若开放在高山之巅上的雪莲花，美丽、静肃！在独处的岁月流中，悄然绽放在自然界的天地间，孤寂，傲然！

寂寞着的人细数着生命漫漫的风流，歌者便从此印象于心灵的颂扬之中，寂寂的风华于无限的意境和神往中，灿燃生发！

寂寞其实更应是一朵开放在心灵深处最美丽的花，扎根于孤独的土壤，自我生发，自我妍丽。花开绝世的美，花谢也凄寂的风流，在流过的心海上徜徉。

人应该是需要点寂寞的，在专注于一项事业或研究成果时，寂寞和孤独便是日子的从容。淡然处世，潜心于自己的学术之中，这样的孤独和寂寞如盈育着的花蕾，也经受着失意的风雨，承载着攻克的喜悦，一步步的迈向成功的彼岸！

寂寞是精神领域最为素雅的一笔，当追求事业的坚贞自心灵深处溢于钻研之中，自我的孤芳自赏便如花开的幽香，诠释着人性的美。与生俱来的所有浮躁被模糊淡忘成弃后，重现芬芳的心灵花香，便细细的品，细细的孤独风流！

寂寞的美同时也散发着太多的绪动，诱惑着我们的情感。只有真正做到寂寞与美与孤独共有，才会拥有我们自己数载人生培育的花，且愈长愈香愈浓。

内容摘要：江苏高考语文试题中作文分值占比最大，而作文指导也一直是中学语文教学中的难题。笔者从近年高考作文题出发，探究其中的内在规律，总结出新材料作文中存在的话题作文背景，以及试题中蕴藏的核心概念意识、具体语境意识、发散辩证思维等值得关注的命题指向。从作文命题的特点出发，为高中议论文写作指导提出建议策略。

关键词：江苏高考；语文作文；命题特点；教学策略

江苏作为教育大省，一向以其独特的教学模式以及教学理念在全国范围内备受瞩目，尤其是高考命题的独特性常常会引发教育界的讨论，但不可否认，江苏高考语文试题特别是作文命题对本省的语文教学有着深刻而积极的推动作用。自2004年始，江苏高考进行独立命题距今已经过去14个年头，高考作文试题也已然形成了稳中求变、开放创新[1]的稳健风格。因此探究近年来高考作文命题的特点是可能的，从命题发展脉络把握命题导向，进而积极指导学生写作，让高考作文发挥其“指挥棒”的正效作用[2]，并努力构建它与高中作文教学间的良性关系，也是十分具有意义的。

一.近年来江苏高考作文命题发展

近六年来，江苏高考作文均采取新材料作文的命题形式，所谓新材料作文，有老师将之归纳为三个新：“立意角度新、材料处理新、文体要求新”[3]，即给定一段材料文中给出关键词语、从多个立意角度出发、不限文体进行写作。这样的新材料作文看似带了一个“新”字，就其形式而言依旧离不了“材料作文”的背景，因为一旦脱离了材料就又回到了“命题作文”、“话题作文”形式去了。但就其内容又离不开话题作文的背景，自13年以来几乎每一次的作文试题中都有明显的关键词、核心概念，出题者本身并不是想让考生漫无边际地“跑马”，他们总希望找到一个内在的圈子将新材料作文给约束住，给出的材料看似是开放的，但实际上还是封闭的。以下将一一简述13年到18年来作文的具体形式和内容。2013年江苏高考作文以“蝴蝶与探险者”的故事开创了本省新材料作文的新纪元，此后五年，无一例外均采取这样的命题形式。当年的命题无疑是产生了巨大争议的，无论是命题者自身对于材料的改动，还是原作常识性的错误，均引发了相当程度的讨论。但是抛开这些问题，回到命题本身，应该能够发现其中蕴含的命题形式与内容上的指向性。第一，发散意识，这段材料是一则故事类的材料，故事中有多个要素，很明显命题者设置了多个角度，而并非旧材料作文仅有一个最佳立意。第二，全局意识，新材料作文固然有很多的立意角度，然立意必定有高下之分，那么立意必须要站在全局角度。第三，语境意识，新材料作文必然不是信马由缰，一定要在材料语境之中的思考，绝不是随意在文中挑选关键词就能够进行无限拓展的。13年的作文只是新材料作文的开端，其后几年的作文命题就显得更加成熟老道。以下将14到18年的作文进行综合对比阐述。五者均属于“名言”性质的材料，有明显的关键词与核心概念的导向：“青春、朽与不朽”，“智慧”，“说话、创新、个性”，“车”，“语言”。这样的命题带有我省一贯的话题作文的特色，看似是一段材料，其中内容又是有核心的，思维是需要发散与拓展的，但是又必须是围绕着中心词核心概念进行发散与拓展的，这对于学生的语境意识就有更高层次的要求。还有一点共通性就在于，考题呈现辩证特点，在名言类的材料之中，处处显现着辩证思维的痕迹，希望考生对核心概念进行演绎时要有辩证的逻辑思考，有界定有辩证地发散，而不是无章法无逻辑地自说自话，这是高考作文的内在指向要求。当然三者也有各自的倾向，“青春朽与不朽”的辩证意味浓，生活色彩浓，更加倾向于从个人的情致，志向，人生态度角度思考，十分贴近高中生，显得格外亲切。“智慧”更侧重于界定，发散，对于这一核心概念的界定是必须做的功课，以及围绕这样的核心概念的具体展开，忌讳以空对空。16年的题目，虽然给出了关键词但是由于题目本身有多个概念，也需要有针对性地进行阐述，也不能脱离材料任取关键词进行论述。17年有关于车的命题，其话题色彩更加明显，与前几年的辩证风不同，本则题目又转回到引语加话题的形式，尽管作者没有明确给出话题，但是隐含在其中最关键的话题就是“车”。一切的阐述都离不开这个“车”，真情，观念，哲思都是寄寓在“车”上，这种命题形式给套作、模式作文等等速成作文极大的打击。借鉴了美学角度的“移情”，也接近中国古代的托物言志，借物抒怀的写作形式，更考验学生从一粒沙中看出乾坤气象的思维，这样的思维在今后的作文中显得尤为重要。18年关于“语言”的试题，更类似于15年的“智慧”，概念十分宽泛，需要有界定，又要找到一个小的入口切入发散，且试题更显人文气息。

二.近年来江苏高考作文命题特点

以上简要梳理了江苏高考近年来作文试题的发展脉络，在脉络的梳理中，笔者发现了一些共通的特点并试图探究出一些普适性的规律，而这些规律或将成为指导中学生作文写作强有力的理论支撑。1.新材料作文形式与话题作文背景江苏近年来的作文，均采取新材料作文的命题形式，但不意味着话题作文就失去了指导意义，恰恰相反，话题作文对新材料作文的影响是巨大的。脱离了语境，脱离了背景的阐述的作文都有游离主题的危险，因此话题意识应该得到重视。更有教师提出“新材料话题作文”[4的概念，将这种作文形式界定在新材料与话题作文之间。不管怎样界定，话题意识将在未来的高考作文试题中一直延续下去。2.立意多元化与语境核心概念确立立意多元化是新材料作文的显著特征，但是多元不意味着包罗万象，乃至于信马由缰。纵观近年来的高考题，多数都有着核心概念的出现，这实际上就指引着学生的行文思路，既要发散但绝不能脱离材料中语境自由发挥。作文的立意有多个侧面，但绝不能断章取义，即使是从材料的某一侧面出发，也要兼顾到整个语境的具体内容，谈“青春”还是要回到“朽与不朽”的讨论，谈“经验”、“能力”、“境界”也必须建立在“智慧”这一核心概念上，谈“文化、文明”也离不开语言的载体，而不是漫无边际地从材料中任取一个词进行无限放大。立意的多元化应该是建立在对于语境核心概念的准确把握上，这与新材料作文中蕴含的话题意识是一致的。3.以小见大的发散思考与辩证思维近年来的高考作文题都比较接地气，都是生活中常见的一些词语“青春”、“智慧”、“个性、创新”、“车”、“语言”，核心概念的常见化是本省作文对于考生的最大善意，让考生有话可写，有理可论，有情可抒，也进一步打击套作、仿作等不明智的应试举动。当然这也需要考生了解生活，进行广泛而有深度的阅读，从小处着手去阐述人生大智慧，这是以小见大的思维，也是高考作文对于中学教学的有力引导。尽管近年来的材料趋于生活化，但是绝不意味着试题的简易化，扁平化，相反更考验学生的发散、辩证的思维，行文时对于材料的内在逻辑既要有整体的把握，对核心概念有较为深入的阐述，又能够进一步拓展进行联想与发散，绝不是简单贴标签就能处理的。这对于考生的思维水平有更高的要求，而这种思维能力也是中学应试训练中所缺乏的。

三.新环境下高中议论文写作指导策略

笔者在上文中简要分析了近年来江苏高考作文发展脉络，以及江苏高考作文共性上的一些特点，并将以此作为高中写作指导的理论支撑。据高考评卷结果显示，江苏高考全省近7成考生写的都是议论文，且优秀作文多数也都是议论文[5]。平时作文训练时，学生也倾向于选择议论文的样式，因此议论文写作指导也就显得尤为重要。作文的应对策略是一个综合的过程，从课外学生自我阅读、整理材料，到老师课上的讲评、训练，每一个环节都不可缺少，以下着重分析教师的指导教学。1.激发学生兴趣写作北大钱理群教授明确指出：“愿意写与有内容可写，这是写好文章的前提，是基础，我们要抓好作文教学，就应该溯本求源，先解决好这两个问题，并在解决好这两个问题的过程中，解决怎样写的问题。”[6]作文指导一直高中语文课堂上的老大难，唯有真正激发学生的兴趣方能写出真正的好文章，让学生爱上写作，最终在考场中写出优秀的文章来。2.推动构建核心意识高考作文有核心概念，作文素材准备时也可以有核心素材意识，当然这不是教学生去套作，这种核心素材意识是将一则素材进行多角度演绎，以不变应万变的写作意识。教师要学会指导学生构建自己的核心素材作文，作文依靠某一核心概念生发出去的，核心素材同样也需要有多重内涵。例如启发学生从绘画、音乐、京剧、昆曲等高雅题材中寻找出丰富的内涵，教师放手让学生阅读积累，适当引导学生进行构建，共同探究素材，逐步培养学生自主总结归纳意识，并实际运用到平时的片段写作以及考场作文中，形成良性循环。除了核心素材之外，作文教学指导也需要有核心话题倾向，高考作文说到底还是考的“人”的作文，一定会涉及到“人与自我”、“人与他人”、“人与社会”、“人与自然”等诸多有关“人”话题，从这些大的话题入手去寻找材料，运用材料时又从小处着手，深入到大的话题中去，这是培养逆向思维的好方法。3.课堂具体写作指导写作指导是有指向性的教学过程，应该分模块进行。首先是审题立意指导，所谓审题定生死，立意决高下，考场中一旦审题出现偏差就是前功尽弃。审题的训练，看重的就是核心概念的概括与阐述，教师绝不可用似是而非的观念去指导学生审题，对待审题必须做到一针见血。其次，结构与语言指导，这应该也是专题训练的内容，作文结构的多样化与语言的丰富性，这也是值得去讨论的。教师一定要注意，切不可盲目教学生追求语言形式之美，最终导致学生将作文写成散文不像散文，议论文不像议论文的“杂文”，毕竟一切结构技巧都是为作文的中心服务，游离了中心再多的技巧也是浪费。4.加强课外阅读拓展将课外阅读与考场作文结合，一向是高中教学的重点内容。教师应该贯彻好整本书阅读计划，与学生一同品读经典，这是培养学生多元思维与辩证思维的重要途径，对于教师而言也是进一步提升自我的契机。

四.结束语

总而言之，江苏高考作文绝对不是洪水猛兽，它是有规律可循的，笔者囿于水平或许未能做出更深层的探究，但是归纳出的江苏高考作文思路是明确的。近年来的高考作文都是以新材料为形式、话题为内容的“新材料话题作文”，且注重核心概念界定，注重材料语境，贴近生活，同时注重培养学生发散、辩证思维。今后中学语文作文教学更应该注意把握高考作文发展的内在指向，这样中学语文作文教学才能更上一个台阶。

参考文献

[1]刘忠.稳中求变开放创新———江苏高考自主命题十一年作文回眸与展望[J].语文知识,2015,(7):94-96.

[2]冯建玲.江苏高考背景下的高三作文教学研究[D]:南京师范大学,2013.

[3]朱亚芳.新材料作文的“前世今生”[J].语文知识,2014,(2):61-62.

[4]董健.新材料作文的话题化及审题技巧[J].语文建设,2017,(1):41-43.

[5]黄莉萍.高中新材料作文教学策略研究[D]:苏州大学,2015.

[6]钱理群.语文教育门外谈［M］.广西师范大学出版社，2003.

导语：随着互联网的发展，网站慢慢取代了报纸的作用，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

报纸

1.传统媒体，天天更新，信息可靠 2. 携带方便，随时随地可以阅读 3.仅有文字和图片

网站

1.新兴媒体，信息更新速度快 2.依赖于电脑及互联网 3. 包含文字、图片、音频和视频

注意：

1.短文必须包括表中所有内容，可以适当发挥; 2. 词数：100-120 3. 参考词汇：更新update;音频audio;视频video

Newspapers and Websites

Newspapers and websites are two major new media in the world today, both of which can provide us with lots of news and information. But theyre different in some ways.

Newspapers enjoy a longer history and often come out daily with more reliable news and information. They can be carried and read almost anywhere you like. So many people like reading them. But they can only contain texts and photos.

On the other hand, websites are quite new and popular, especially among young people. Websites have not only texts with pictures but also audios and videos, which makes stories more interesting. Whats more, they are updated from time to time. So the latest news is always seen on websites instead of in newspapers. But it is not quite convenient for people without a computer connected with the Internet to get information from websites.

【参考译文】

报纸和网站

报纸和网站是当今世界上的两大新兴媒体，它可以为我们提供大量的新闻和信息。但他们在某些方面不同。

报纸有着较长的历史，每天都会出现更可靠的新闻和信息。他们可以携带和阅读几乎任何地方你喜欢。这么多人喜欢读。但它们只能包含文本和照片。

另一方面，网站是新的和流行的，尤其是在年轻人。网站不仅有图片文字，还有音频和视频，这使得故事更有趣。更重要的是，他们不时更新。所以最新的新闻总是出现在网站上而不是报纸上。但是没有电脑连接的人从网站上获取信息并不太方便。

第一：题目要有文化，画龙点睛

高考作文的题目，一定要押韵，采用古文、古诗、诗歌、对联、成语的形式，最好是分成上下两句。

第二：文章要运用议论文常见的写作方法

其实写高考作文，和过去写八股文一样，一定要讲究方法，按照议论文固有的写作方法谋篇布局，不能自己想怎么写就怎么写，你是高兴了，你想过老师怎么判卷吗!平常要磨练一套议论文的常规的布局方法，考试就依葫芦画瓢。

第三：写来写去必须要“立德树人”

考题千千万万，其实就一个“德”?如何立德?而我们的回答，无非就是爱自己、爱亲人、爱社会、爱国家、爱我党，步步递进，层层向上，不管你怎么写，记住一点，落脚点一定是“高大上”，把自己和自己的思想，往圣人上写就行了。

第四：传统文化一点不能少，树立民族自信心

教育改革，传统文化占去了一大半的语文内容，所以，高考作文必须有要有大量的传统文化，不管是论点，还是论据，又或者是主要内容，反正传统文化的东西，一定不能少，而且要量大。

第五：社会主义好，吃水不忘挖井人

想想是谁组织的高考?是谁建立的新中国?饮水思源，你的文章中最终没有涉及到我们的党，能得高分吗?更别说那种吃奶骂娘的人了，所以，无论怎么写，这方面的一定不能不写。

第六：今天一定是个“好日子”

此生入华夏，不悔人生路，我们现在国富民强，吃得好喝得好，就应该大家赞赏，多多描写社会各个方面的富强民主，对比那些资本主义国家的自私，我们实现共同富裕，万众一心抗击非典，对于那些落后国家的贫弱，我们吃喝不愁、生活多姿多彩。

第七：科技是第一生产力

科技是第一生产力，现在我国正在进行产业升级，不亚于一场大型的战争，将会影响今后我国一百年的发展，所以什么飞船上天，什么蛟龙下海，什么基建狂魔，什么杂交水稻，什么光伏，什么是特高压等等，一定要知道内容、意义。

第八：人与自然

今后几年，碳达峰、碳中和、碳积分等等涉及到节能减排、绿色发展、垃圾分类等考题不会少，所以要尽量了解现在国家在这方面的政策、取得成绩等，有时间研究一下相关的主题书籍。

spend one’sweekend in many different ways过周末的方式各不相同

enjoy doing things by oneself喜欢独立做事

go swimming去游泳

go for an outing/have an outing at (the seashore)去海边玩

see the sights of Beijing游览北京风光

play the piano弹钢琴

play chess下棋

have dances on weekends参加周末舞会

have a picnic over the weekend周末野餐

go to the cinema去看电影

have a party聚会

hold a sports meeting举行运动会

do some reading看书

help sb. do sth.帮某人做某事

enjoy a family trip家人共同出游

get everything ready for...为……做准备

ride one’sbike with sb. to the park骑自行车载某人去公园

She would like to bring...to the picnic.她要带……去野餐。

It was a very relaxing Sunday.这个周日过得很轻松。

There are good programs on TV on weekends.周末有好看的电视节目。

take a message for sb.给某人留口信

send a message to sb.给某人发信息

Every day is not Sunday.好景不常在,好花不常开。

hear from sb.收到某人的来信

talk about/of sth.提到某事

tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事

get information about...得到……的消息

express one’sidea/feelings in English用英语表达某人的思想(感情)

Write sb. a letter saying...给某人写信说……

apologize to sb. for...因……向某人道歉

thank you for...感谢你……

make a speech at the meeting在会上讲话

导语：高考英语作文结尾总结句式有着一定的规律，可以灵活地套用一些模板。下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____。

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future。

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______。

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______。

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better。

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____。

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______。

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______。

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____。

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____。

附注：

结尾万能句

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …

考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……

Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that … 因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……

There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。

All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之，我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。

提出建议万能句

It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。

It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。

Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that … 显然，如果我们想做某事，很重要的是…

Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……

It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

预示后果万能句

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that … 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，很可能会……

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很紧迫的是，应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。

论证万能句

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点……

Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言，我站在……的一边。

I sincerely believe that …我真诚地相信……

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do …. 在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

给出原因万能句

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

这一现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，……;第二，……;第三，……

Why did …? For one thing …，for another …. Perhaps the primary reason is…

为什么会……?一个原因是……，令一个原因是……;或许其主要原因是……

I quite agree with the statement that … The reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述,即……，其主要原因如下：

解决办法万能句

Here are some suggestions for handling … 这是如何处理某事的一些建议。

The best way to solve the troubles is … 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题。

批判错误观点

As far as something is concerned, … 就某事而言，……

It was obvious that …很显然,….

It may be true that …, but it doesn’t mean that … 可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……

It is natural to believe that …, but we shouldn’t ignore that … 认为……是很自然的，但我们不应忽视……

There is no evidence to suggest that … 没有证据表明……

如何连接

强调 still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.

比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.

对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.

列举 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example, except (for), to illustrate.

时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.

顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.

可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.

解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.

递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.

让步 although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.

转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas

原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.

结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence

总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.

其他 mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case

1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

【各档次的给分范围和要求】

第五档(很好)；(21-25分)

1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 覆盖所有内容要点。

3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

4. 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。

5. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

6. 完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第四档(好)：(16-20分)

1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。

3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

4. 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。

5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

6. 达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档(适当)：(11-15分)

1. 基本完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。

3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。

5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。

6. 整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档(较差)：(6-10分)

1. 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

2. 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。

3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。

5. 较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。

6. 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

第一档(差)：(1-5分)

1. 未完成试题规定的任务。

2. 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。  中国大学排名

3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

4. 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。

5. 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。

6. 信息未能传达给读者。

不得分：（0分）

未能传达给读者仟何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清

2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3. 词数少于 80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。

4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。

5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。

6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

7. 内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

创新式议论文体现的是思维睿智美。下面是小编为你带来的2017年高考作文写作之创新式议论文，欢迎阅读。

创新式议论文的特点：活化以上几种结构方式和写作方法，创造出形式新,内容新的议论文,方法主要有：

⑴采用第二人称,与一个或一组历史人物(现实人物,文学人物)对话的形式,来论说自己的观点;

⑵比喻派生式：标题以一个大的比喻托起全文，全文由这个大比喻派生出三个比喻性分论点。06届高三以”铸造人格”为话题的《装满人格的背囊》，

⑶对一个或一组历史人物(现实人物,文学人物),生活中的某一个或某些现象,发表视角新异,观点独到的看法。

《铸造人格之剑》

(话题:铸造人格)

(9号文,比喻派生式议论文)

当我们欣赏一名男子时,往往是由于他;当我们赞美一位女性时,也往往是由于她有气质.而这气质这风度这精神这魅力则是人格的体现。

孟子曰:“吾善养吾浩然之气也。”那我们又应养怎样的气,铸造怎样的人格呢?且让我们从人格的熔炉中抽出这三柄响绝古今的宝剑吧!

第一把,剑名,旷达。铸造者,苏轼。

王国维在人间词话中说:“东坡之词旷。”的确,人如其词。在大“江东去浪淘尽中”我们领略到他的豪放洒脱;从赤壁赋中关于水与月的那段精辟的妙论,我们感受到他的达观向上。

一封朝奏,夕贬黄州。仕途的失意,并没有磨掉他的才与气,反而铸造了一篇篇留传千古的词赋,铸造了他旷达的人格。

第二柄,剑曰,超脱。铸造者,庄子。

我只是浊水中一尾陋鱼而已。庄子自嘲着。其实,你不知比水中的鱼鳖虾好多少了。天马行空,无拘无束,自由自在,浮游于尘埃之外,不获世之滋垢,这仿佛是你的代名词。

不,这些都不足以形容你。放着高官厚禄不要,过着衣食无所的生活,是因为你有你的信念与执着.

于是,你的人格之剑,铸成了。

第三柄,剑曰,是一把巨阙,上面刻着,高尚。铸造者,古往今来无数仁人志士。

是谁,离开繁华的长安,而独“留青冢向黄昏”?是谁,威武不屈,死不变节,“一片丹心照汗青”?

又是谁,茅屋为秋风所破,却在担忧“安得广厦千万间”……

王昭君,文天祥,杜子美……青史上一个个沉重的名字下,有着一颗高尚的心灵。

烟随风逝,名随史留。他们的人格铸造了高尚,高尚成就了他们。

旷达,或许我们难以继承;超脱,或许我们难以办到;高尚,或许我们难以企及。但是,我们却可以以它们为模子,打造出属于自己的人格之剑!

I have a good friends with me was like peas and carrots. He has a frame with watermelon head, small eyes emit bright light. Dont know how to contain the small mind wisdom. He has a problem to ask what comes next.

Remember once the class, I look for him to play. I found him watching attentively book, pen in hand waving, "brush" to calculate with the math problem. I was standing beside him without saying a word. Suddenly stopped his pen, frown mouth whispered read aloud: "the problem is how to calculate?" I saw him puzzle over, he put his head in the past, see what puzzled him. After I watched, just know he was stumped by a word to. I will discuss with him. The bell rang, we havent get a complete answer. So I persuaded him to give up, he is not willing to, against my way: "it was only a success, I must get him." Get ready for class I went back to his seat. The class was over, he and run on the platform, and the teacher dont know what talking about vigorous. I will go up gaps. Originally, he discussed the problem with the teacher. Finally, the teacher gave him a right answer, and gave him a detailed explanation. I have benefited a lot from his perseverance. I secretly in a side a thumbs-up for him.

He more than perseverance is worth me to learn, he the indomitable spirit is worth me to learn.

School, the teacher had a diagnostic test to us. Achievement hair down, I is the first in the class, he places under me. He defy spirit said to me: "next time I must test more than you." As a result, things, as he says, he allowed just two runs more than me, it was all his efforts. Pass the exam, which made me more respect than before him.

This is what I admire most and best friend.

我有一位与我形影不离的好朋友。他有一个瓜子脸，留着西瓜头，小小的眼睛里散发出聪敏的光芒。小脑袋里不知道蕴藏着多少智慧。他有着一种遇到问题要打破沙锅问到底的劲。

记得有一次下课，我找他去玩。我发现他正全神贯注地看着书，手里的笔“刷刷”的挥动着，算着一道道数学题。我在他旁边一声不吭的站着。忽然只见他的笔停住了，皱起眉头嘴里小声的念着：“这道题该怎么算呢?”我见他百思不得其解的样子，便把脑袋凑过去，看看是什么难住了他。我看了之后，才知道他被一道应用题给难住了。我就和他讨论起来。上课铃响了，我们还没得到一个完整的答案。我于是劝他放弃，他不愿意，反驳我道：“这只差一点就成功了，我一定要把他算出来。”我回到座位上准备上课。下课了，只见他一溜烟的跑上讲台，和老师轰轰烈烈地不知道在谈些什么。我便上去凑热闹。原来，他在和老师讨论那道题。最后，老师给了他一个正确的答案，并给了他做了详细的解释。他那种坚持不懈的精神使我受益匪浅。我在一旁暗暗地为他竖起大拇指。

他不止坚持不懈的精神值得我学习，他那种不服输的精神也值得我学习。

开学的时候，老师对我们进行了一次摸底考试。成绩发下来后，我是全班第一，他的名次在我之下。他不服气的对我说：“我下次一定考比你多的。”结果，事情正如他所说，他比我多了两分，那全是他努力的成果。通过这次考试，使我比以前更加敬佩他了。

这就是我最敬佩和最好的朋友。

考试作文的开头方法很多：六要素开头法、题记开头法、悬念开头法、引名句开头法、排比句开头法、拟人式开头法、设问式开头法、对偶式开头法、合用修辞开头法、巧述典故开头法、解题式开头法、诗文引用开头法……希望考生们准备好一些关于道德、学习、礼仪、爱国、美德等方面的典故、名人名言，用得上。

步骤/方法开头结尾要简练，最好首尾两行半

“大头作文”也要不得。除非特殊情况，建议考生在写作文的时候，开头结尾占两行半的格子，顶多不能超过三行半。

一、动笔之前要拟题，漂亮标题如美女

准备题目的办法有2个，你可以去网络上搜索作文题目，归纳作文老师讲述的类似技巧；二是翻阅最近一年的《读者》或《青年文摘》等杂志，根据题材选择一些比较精彩的标题，记下来，也许考试的时候灵光一现可以类比运用。

二、作文首尾要打眼，丰富多彩出靓点

考试作文的开头方法很多：六要素开头法、题记开头法、悬念开头法、引名句开头法、排比句开头法、拟人式开头法、设问式开头法、对偶式开头法、合用修辞开头法、巧述典故开头法、解题式开头法、诗文引用开头法……希望考生们准备好一些关于道德、学习、礼仪、爱国、美德等方面的典故、名人名言，用得上。

三、适当克隆和借鉴，考前备料攒信息

考试前，建议考生翻阅大量的范文，积累一些佳作的结构。如果写记叙文，最好翻阅《读者》和《青年文摘》，其中一些散文的结构是很好的，适当对其归纳总结，到考试的时候，你采用别人的“筐”，把自己的东西向里面装就可以了。另外要关注去年至今年的社会热点。

四、篇幅争取要写满，多写一点是一点

一般来说，如果作文要求600字左右，那就顶多写到700字。如果是“不低于多少字”，建议考生合理安排卷面，把卷面写满到95%左右。

有人问：考试作文如果不限文体，那么写诗歌，写顺口溜，写三句半行不行？这个谁也不敢作主，你无法揣测阅卷老师的标准，冒险的收益也许只留给准备最充分的人。

五、色彩对比也关键，建议用笔选择蓝

作文卷子是用黑颜色印刷的方格。如果你用非常粗而且黑的钢笔答题，墨水很容易影响卷面的干净。建议考生用不浅不深、笔画不粗不细的笔写作文，选择蓝色墨水，这样的作文写出来，与黑色的方格形成一定的视觉对比，很舒服、干净。注意不要用字把方格填满，这样卷面相对美观。

六、动笔之前不要慌，想了题目列提纲

列提纲很关键。比如写记叙文，要设计好开头结尾，同时要把你叙述的事情分成几个层次，中间如果能设置一个过渡句或过渡段更好。

一个训练有素的考生，列提纲大约需要5~8分钟。如果时间紧张，提纲可以简练些。

七、作文成绩看字迹，得分要素是第一

任何形式的作文考试，阅卷老师在打分时，第一眼看的是字迹。因此，必须要把字写好，不需要多美，但一定不要潦草。

八、考试作文五六段，干净整洁看卷面

考试作文要注意分段，三四个段落有些少，八九个段落则显得琐碎。除非有特殊情况，段落应以五六个为好。切忌在一段中写八九行字，写成“大肚子作文”，这样会让阅卷老师产生视觉疲劳。

九、想好主题和文体，非驴非马不可取

无论记叙文还是议论文，一般来说，多是“总—分—总”结构。议论文最好是“1—3—1”或者“1—4—1”结构，当然也可以灵活地采用夹叙夹议的手法。注意，议论文不能说了那么多事例却不归纳主题，而记叙文不能议论过多而忘记说事例。

It is quite usual that one meets failures, for ones life can never be

plain sailing. However, different people hold different attitudes towards

failure. Some people think it a heavy blow to fail in achieving something and

they can not endure failure. When they meet failure, they will be seriously

dejected and can never pluck up their courage to try again.

遇到失败这是很平常，因为人的生命不可能一帆风顺。然而，不同的人对失败持有不同的态度。获取某些东西失败对有些人来说是一个沉重的打击，他们不能承受失败。当他们失败，他们将非常的沮丧并且不能鼓起勇气再试一次。

However, others think it natural to meet failures in ones career.

Therefore, they are psychologically prepared. When they meet failures, they will

not be frustrated. Instead, they will continue to meet new challenges. As to me,

Im in favor of the latter view. Failure is really a terrible thing but it is

also the mother of success. If one draws lessons from failures, in most cases he

will get success in the future. Furthermore, ones life can never be smooth

sailing; it must be full of difficulies and setbacks. If one is daunted by

difficulies and frustrations, he will always be a failure. However, if one holds

a positive attitude toward failure, he will overcome difficulties and

frustrations to win victory.

然而，其他人认为，在自己的职业生涯中的败是很自然的。因此，他们的心理有所准备。当他们遇到失败，他们不会失意。相反，他们将继续迎接新的挑战。就我而言，我赞成后一种观点。失败是一个可怕的事情，但它是成功之母。如果一个灵感来自失败的教训，在大多数情况下，他将在未来获得成功。此外，一个人的生活永远不会是一帆风顺的;它必须是充满困难和挫折。如果一个人被困难和挫折吓倒，他将永远是一个失败者。然而，如果耸对失败持有积极的态度，他将克服困难和挫折，赢得胜利。

有些考生在谋篇布局时，记叙是三段叙：开始如何经过如何结果如何；议论则是三段论：应该如何那些人如何所以如何。如此千篇一律，令人乏味。清代曾国藩说得好：谋篇布势，是一段最大功夫布局须有千岩万壑、重峦复嶂之观，不可一览而尽。高考作文，理应在谋篇上创新求异。具体说来，有这么七种模式可以为你迅速布好考场作文之局：

一、关键词式

下笔之前选取一系列关键词，围绕关键词一一述说，便可铺展开整篇文章的局势，既简洁明了又全面周致，是不错的方法。比如2008年河北考生的高考作文《大爱无声》，开篇表明中心论点地震中我们用坚强、用善良甚至用生命谱写了一曲壮歌大爱无声，然后以三个关键词领起文章的三个部分：

A．师魂；

B．责任；

C．无私。

文章的第一部分写一名在地震中舍己保护学生的人民教师，用铁的脊梁擎起了学生希望的天空，用坚强的臂膀挽起了学生弱小的生命，用爱心重建了一个个完整的家庭，展现伟大的师魂；第二部分感慨再多的语言也无法形容您对百姓的关心，歌颂爱民如子、日夜劳碌在救灾第一线的国家总理；第三部分写道于是我们便看到了那洒脱的纵身一跃，感受到了那一片片赤诚的爱国之心，赞美全然忘我、无私奉献的子弟兵三个部分都紧扣关键词，在展示灾区典型事件的同时，对大爱的主题进行升华。这篇文章巧用关键词布局，既展示现象，又抒写感悟，事例充实，感情充沛。

【运用指南】

以关键词谋篇布局，重在掌握概念分析法。这里的概念，指文章中心论点中的核心词语。对核心词语加以分析，明确其内涵和外延，有助于恰当地提取出关键词。实感提取关键词困难的考生，不妨尝试选择一些社会热点关键词，如和谐爱心创新进取等。像这样一些社会热点，想必大家都不会陌生。只要在具体文章中，将这样一些意义宏大的关键词结合题目限制、个人实际来谈，就可以写出立意高远又有真情实感的好文章。此外，考生还可以考虑结合个人的兴趣点来提取关键词，如叛逆友情成长等。对自己一直关注的东西提取一二，接着再对其加以论说，一篇完整的文章很容易就出来。

全国卷英语作文最后几天的备考资料。备考目的性、指导性、猜押性都很强。最后几天一定

要看的。

一、全国卷书面表达分析

2015全国I：应用文、写信约稿、介绍美节日风俗和中学生生活。

2015全国II：应用文、邮件邀约、去敬老院陪老人过重阳节。

2014全国I：应用文、写信咨询、英语学习班广告的咨询。

2014全国II：应用文、报社正文、十年后的我

2013全国I：应用文、写信问是否接机（带着中国画）

2013全国II：应用文、写信让友代卖中国结

2012课标卷：应用文、写邮件、申请参加夏令营

2012大纲卷：应用文、邀请信、邀请外教参加生日聚会

二、综上分析，干货如下：

1.都是应用文。

说明文、议论文、夹叙夹议文不考，尤其要杜绝那些高大上的，平时经常训练的正反观点对

比的文章也要果断抛弃。

2.与学生生活、学习、交友息息相关。

生活相关：15I、15II、14II、13I、13II、12大纲

学习相关：14I、12

交友相关：12大纲

注意生活、学习、交友三大话题。有些作文也许会跨其中两个话题。凡是不符合这三个话题

的作文，高考最后这10几天少复习，甚至不复习的好。地震、环保、食品安全、雾霾、河流

空气污染、交通拥挤、良心道德、服不服等等的高大上，都抛弃吧（这些都是大学作文解决

的问题）。所以与学生生活、学习、交友相关的词汇、句式还是好好总结的。

3.渗透传统文化的元素。

传统文化：2015II重阳节、2013中国画。

这方面的词汇还是要适当准备一些滴。例如：paper cutting 剪纸，Lantern Festival 元

宵节， Mid-autumn Day 中秋节，tang yuan/ sweet rice dumpling 元宵，Chinese New Year’

s Eve 除夕，Dragon Boat Festival 龙舟节，DoubleNinth Festival 重阳节, Chinese tea

中国茶

4.生活、学习、交友三大话题·必须掌握的【词汇 + 短语】

①schools English newspaper,Chinese / foreign cultures， more information,

volunteer, great fun,opportunity, confidence in, experience,lecture,

excellence in, speech competitions, a better idea,

②be popular with/among,especially, exciting,excited, patiently,be

patient with,be interested in,the most important, various, outgoing,

successfully, successful, be good at/for, more than glad, be willing to help you

with,be familiar with，delicious, with joy

③welcome, spend their holidays,invite you to join us,make dumplings,intend

to join,enjoy,invite sb. to, gave him a warm welcome, have a try,give

me a piece of advice, takeseriously,depend on, get a higher education,

improve ourselves,would like to, interview,I believe,learn a great deal

fromabout, organize class activities,deal with, stick to, share

with,express myself, go for an outing, manage to do,persuade, accept,

receive,have a good/wonderful time,benefit, benefit from,different,

give up, have a picnic, go to a museum, have lots of fun,take pains to improve,

get prepared for, be able to, get along well with,have a good command of,

appreciate, made up my mind to do, make a great difference (to someone), think

highly of, pay much attention to,take notice of,keep it in mind that,in

return, helpwith, feel nervous, make you familiar with, long to, broaden

my mind, have trouble doing,communicate,suffer from, speak English fluently,

visit some famous places, chat with， participate in， take part in, won prizes,

take into consideration, it’s necessary to do,respect, trust,protect

from,agree with, in order to,encourage sb. to do,organize

5.必须熟练运用的【句型 + 连接词】

Im writing to tell you

I wonder if youd like to

Im writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.

I am writing an e-mail to tell you something about

Only in this way can we make a great contribution to

If I could ,I would

Hard work pays off.

We shouldWe’d betterIt is better to do

I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if

you could give me a kind consideration.

Only if we put our heart into our lessons could we make great progress

Could you give me some advice on how to

If you are able to come with us, please let us know and

Im looking forward to hearing from you.

Looking forward to your reply.

May I have your attention

First,Second,Third

so long as，even though, at the same time, By the way, Besides, not onlybut

also, What’s more, as well as

6.三大从句和非谓语的运用是必不可少的。每篇文章这两类至少运用一次。同学们都知道，

在此不必多说。

三、透过2015年全国Ｉ的作文，看清标准范文的猫腻

假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。

请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：

1.栏目介绍； 2.稿件内容； 3.稿件长度：约400词；4.交稿日期：6月28日前。

注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。

Dear Peter,

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.

下面把标准答案给与了分解，同学们务必要逐字逐句地研读，找出标准范文为什么这样

写，发现范文写作时的思考过程，挖掘范文和作文原题中的一一对等的字眼提示。通过研读

分析，再回扣题目本身。写作也就那么回事儿，其实一点也不难。希望同学们可以悟出基本

的写作思路、技巧。以下英语连起来就是标准范文。

称呼，已给：

Dear Peter,

开头语，已给：

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.

开篇，介绍“外国文化”栏目概况 (要点1：点出栏目名称、特点popular、进行栏目介绍)：

The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.

It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home

countries. (搭配be popular among、carry一词用得好、过去分词短语written by作后

置定语)

进行约稿 (写作目的，这可是正事儿)：

Would you please write something about the culture in your part ofthe United States

稿件内容 (要点2）：

And (and一词虽然简单，但用得巧妙，呈上衔接，过渡自然，读起来还有抑扬顿挫之感觉) we

would especially (强调递进) welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays

and festivals (节日风俗，扣栏目) and the life of American high school students (中

学生生活，扣栏目).

适当拓展，根据字数灵活安排

You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative. (高

级词汇、so long as好句式)

稿件长度 (要点3)：

400 words would be fine.

交稿日期 (要点4)：

Could we have your article before June 28

合适的结尾 (万能句式,一定背下)：

Im looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours,

Li Hua

四、2016作文模拟猜押如下：

（一）书信/邮件

Passage 1（建议信、学习、文化）

你打算毕业后到美国留学, 想咨询你的美国朋友Chris。请你根据以下提示写一封信。

1．目的：增长见识，体验文化；2．困惑：语言障碍，学业压力；3．征求建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不

计入总词数。

Dear Chris,

Yours，

Joe

One possible version

DearChris,

I’ve finally made my decision to go to America for further study after high school.

I’ve been longing to go to America, mainly for two reasons. One is that I

can experience American culture, and the other is that I can broaden my mind in this

country. But I have some worries. My English is a bit poor, especially spoken English.

I’m afraid I’ll have trouble communicating. Besides, I may suffer from heavy pressure

from college courses.

I hope you can offer me some practical advice.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Joe

Passage2（学习、文化）

假如你是李华。开学之初，你的英语老师Ms Li希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况，并征求

教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。

1.对英语学习的认识。

2.自己目前的英语水平。

3.自己英语学习存在的主要问题。

4.对英语教学的两点建议。

注意：1.词数100左右。2.信的开头和结尾已给出。

Dear Ms Li,

I’m very happy to have you as our English teacher

_________________________________ Thank you!

Li Hua

One possible version

Dear Ms Li,

I am very happy to have you as our English teacher.

As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more

important, so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.

My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel

it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking

English. I really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words.

Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking. I believe we can

make much progress in English with your help.

Thank you!

Li Hua

Passage3（学习、文化）

作为班长，请你根据以下内容给新任外教Mr. Smith 写一封信,向他表示欢迎并转达同学们

对英语课的希望：

1.介绍西方文化；2.组织多样活动；3.关注学生发音。

注意: 1．词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计

入总词数。

Dear Mr. Smith,

_____________________________________________________________

Yours,

Chris

One possible version

Dear Mr. Smith,

I’m writing on behalf of my class to extend our warm welcome to you. Here are some of our expectations for your English class.

First, we’d like to have topics in class about Western culture. We are all very interested in knowing more about culture behind the language. Besides, we’d appreciate various activities to get everyone involved in speaking English. Last but not least, please give us some guidance and training in our pronunciation, because we all hope to speak English fluently and clearly just as you native speakers do. Thank you very much. Looking forward to meeting you!

Yours,

Chris

Passage 4（生活）

假定你是刘芳。今年暑期加拿大的一所中学将组织该校的学生来你所就读的学校访问。其间，Lucy将借住在你家。请你给她写封信，代表全家欢迎她的到来并告之有关事宜，内容要点如下：

上午：参观学校各教学场所及设施。

下午：游览繁华市区及周遍景点。

晚上：看电视、玩游戏、聊天等。

注意：词数100左右；

Dear Lucy,

_____________________________________________________________

I’m looking forward very much to meeting you soon.

Yours,

Liu Fang

One possible version

Dear Lucy,

I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay at my home.

My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let me tell you what we have arranged for you. As far as I know, you will be shown around the school in the morning, but in the afternoon I’ll take you to the downtown and then some places of interest. We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, or meeting people. I’m sure you will have a wonderful time and learn more about Chinese culture.

I’m looking forward very much to meeting you soon.

Yours sincerely,

Liu Fang

Passage5（生活、文化）

假设你是高三（1）班的学生李华。你的英国朋友Chris八月份来北京度假，来信向你咨询如

The period of high school stage is the preparation for college, all the students work hard in the purpose of the better future. In this stage, they hold the same target, fighting for the College Entrance Exam, especially in the third year, the sprint is very important. There are some suggestions for a better sprint. First, students should take a regular work schedule, it is very important to sleep in time, so that students can wake up early in the morning and then work with efficiency. Second is to keep the balanced diet. Students should pay attention to what they eat, the nutrition should be enough, so they can keep a better mind, thinking in a quick way. The last year of high school life must be hard and tedious, the one who keeps hold on will gain what they want. If they do as the mentioned suggestions, they can work better.

导语：写作文没有素材怎么行，一篇好的作文素材能让读者赏心悦目，让作者文思泉涌。下面是yuwenmi小编为备考的同学准备的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1、一只火鸡和一头牛闲聊，火鸡说：我希望能飞到树顶，可我没有勇气。牛说：为什么不吃一点我的牛粪呢，他们很有营养。火鸡吃了一点牛粪，发现它确实给了它足够的力量飞到第一根树枝，第二天，火鸡又吃了更多的牛粪，飞到第二根树枝，两个星期后，火鸡骄傲的飞到了树顶，但不久，一个农夫看到了它，迅速的把它从树上射了下来。

生存之道1：牛屎运让你达到顶峰，但不能让你留在那里。

2、乌鸦站在树上，整天无所事事，兔子看见乌鸦，就问：我能像你一样，整天什么事都不用干吗?乌鸦说：当然，有什么不可以呢?于是，兔子在树下的空地上开始休息，忽然，一只狐狸出现了，它跳起来抓住兔子，把它吞了下去。

生存之道2：如果你想站着什么事都不做，那你必须站的很高，非常高。

3、一只小鸟飞到南方去过冬。天很冷，小鸟几乎冬僵了。于是，飞到一大块空地上，一头牛经过那儿，拉了一堆牛粪在小鸟的身上，冬僵的小鸟躺在粪堆里，觉得很温暖，渐渐苏醒过来，它温暖而舒服的躺着，不久唱起歌来，一只路过的野猫听到声音，走过去看个究竟，循着声音，野猫很快发现了躺在粪堆里的小鸟，把它拽出来吃掉了。

生存之道3：不是每个往你身上拉大粪的人都是你的敌人。也不是每个把你从粪堆里拉出来的人都是你的朋友，还有，当你躺在粪堆里时，最好把你的嘴闭上。

4、从前，有两个饥饿的人得到了一位长者的恩赐：一根鱼竿和一篓鲜活硕大的鱼。其中，一个人要了一篓鱼，另一个人要了一根鱼竿，于是他们分道扬镳了。得到鱼的人原地就用干柴搭起篝火煮起了鱼，他狼吞虎咽，还没有品出鲜鱼的肉香，转瞬间，连鱼带汤就被他吃了个精光，不久，他便饿死在空空的鱼篓旁。另一个人则提着鱼竿继续忍饥挨饿，一步步艰难地向海边走去，可当他已经看到不远处那片蔚蓝色的海洋时，他浑身的最后一点力气也使完了，他也只能眼巴巴地带着无尽的遗憾撒手人间。

又有两个饥饿的人，他们同样得到了长者恩赐的一根鱼竿和一篓鱼。只是他们并没有各奔东西，而是商定共同去找寻大海，他俩每次只煮一条鱼，他们经过遥远的跋涉，来到了海边，从此，两人开始了捕鱼为生的日子，几年后，他们盖起了房子，有了各自的家庭、子女，有了自己建造的渔船，过上了幸福安康的生活。

一个人只顾眼前的利益，得到的终将是短暂的欢愉;一个人目标高远，但也要面对现实的生活。只有把理想和现实有机结合起来，才有可能成为一个成功之人。有时候，一个简单的道理，却足以给人意味深长的生命启示。

5、孔子的一位学生在煮粥时，发现有肮脏的东西掉进锅里去了。他连忙用汤匙把它捞起来，正想把它到掉时，忽然想到，一粥一饭都来之不易啊。于是便把它吃了。/刚巧孔子走进厨房，以为他在偷食，便教训了那位负责煮食的同学。经过解释，大家才恍然大悟。孔子很感慨的说：“我亲眼看见的事情也不确实，何况是道听途听呢?”

启示：推销生意是一种组织性质的生意，因为人多，人事问题也多。我们不时听到是非难辨的话，如某公司攻击另一间公司，如是者往往令人混淆是非，影响信心。因此找出事情的真相，不是轻易相信谣言，辛辛苦苦建立的事业才不会毁于一旦。

6、有个叫阿巴格的人生活在内蒙古草原上。有一次，年少的阿巴格和他爸爸在草原上迷了路，阿巴格又累又怕，到最后快走不动了。爸爸就从兜里掏出5枚硬币，把一枚硬币埋在草地里，把其余4枚放在阿巴格的手上，说：“人生有5枚金币，童年、少年、青年、中年、老年各有一枚，你现在才用了一枚，就是埋在草地里的那一枚，你不能把5枚都扔在草原里，你要一点点地用，每一次都用出不同来，这样才不枉人生一世。今天我们一定要走出草原，你将来也一定要走出草原。世界很大，人活着，就要多走些地方，多看看，不要让你的金币没有用就扔掉。”在父亲的鼓励下，那天阿巴格走出了草原。长大后，阿巴格离开了家乡，成了一名优秀的船长。

秘诀：珍惜生命，就能走出挫折的沼泽地。

7、有兄弟二人，年龄不过四、五岁，由于卧室的窗户整天都是密闭着，他们认为屋内太阴暗，看见外面灿烂的阳光，觉得十分羡慕。兄弟俩就商量说：“我们可以一起把外面的阳光扫一点进来。”于是，兄弟两人拿着扫帚和畚箕，到阳台上去扫阳光。等到他们把畚箕搬到房间里的时候，里面的阳光就没有了。这样一而再再而三地扫了许多次，屋内还是一点阳光都没有。正在厨房忙碌的妈妈看见他们奇怪的举动，问道：“你们在做什么?”他们回答说：“房间太暗了，我们要扫点阳光进来。”妈妈笑道：“只要把窗户打开，阳光自然会进来，何必去扫呢?”

秘诀：把封闭的心门敞开，成功的阳光就能驱散失败的阴暗。

8、雨后，一只蜘蛛艰难地向墙上已经支离破碎的网爬去，由于墙壁潮湿，它爬到一定的高度，就会掉下来，它一次次地向上爬，一次次地又掉下来……第一个人看到了，他叹了一口气，自言自语：“我的一生不正如这只蜘蛛吗?忙忙碌碌而无所得。”于是，他日渐消沉。第二个人看到了，他说：这只蜘蛛真愚蠢，为什么不从旁边干燥的地方绕一下爬上去?我以后可不能像它那样愚蠢。于是，他变得聪明起来。第三个人看到了，他立刻被蜘蛛屡败屡战的精神感动了。于是，他变得坚强起来。

秘诀：有成功心态者处处都能发觉成功的力量。

9、一个老人在高速行驶的火车上，不小心把刚买的新鞋从窗口掉了一只，周围的人倍感惋惜，不料老人立即把第二只鞋也从窗口扔了下去。这举动更让人大吃一惊。老人解释说：“这一只鞋无论多么昂贵，对我而言已经没有用了，如果有谁能捡到一双鞋子，说不定他还能穿呢!”

秘诀：成功者善于放弃。

10、某大公司准备以高薪雇用一名小车司机，经过层层筛选和考试之后，只剩下三名技术最优良的竞争者。主考者问他们：“悬崖边有块金子，你们开着车去拿，觉得能距离悬崖多近而又不至于掉落呢?”“二公尺。”第一位说。“半公尺。”第二位很有把握地说。

“我会尽量远离悬崖，愈远愈好。”第三位说。结果这家公司录取了第三位。

秘诀：不要和诱惑较劲，而应离得越远越好。

11、中国古代大哲学家老子，有一天他把弟子人叫到床边，他张开口用手指一指口里面，然后问弟子们看到了什么?在场的众第子没有一个能答得上。

于是老子就对他们说：“满齿不存，舌头犹在”意思是：牙齿须硬但它寿命不长;舌头须软，但生命力更强。

12、江南才子唐伯虎在江南一庙宇偶遇前来进香的秋香，一见钟情，遂生共结连理之意。为此，他一路跟踪秋香到太师府，又想方设法以伴读书僮的身份混进府，谋得了接触秋香的机会，后在府中多次接触秋香并表心意，均被秋香拒绝。有一次竟被秋香锁进柴房，但唐伯虎并不气馁，又请来好友祝枝山帮忙，在好友的指点下博得点秋香成婚的好机会，至此，江南才子好梦成真。唯一不太好的是唐伯虎在成婚后从太师府偷偷溜走不辞而别，显得不太有面子，不过，这也是他当时最好的选择。

启示：1、目标要明确;2、为实现目标措施要有效;3、要屡败屡战并适当时候请高人帮助，毕竟有时是旁观者清;4、完成目标美梦成真后可以适时跳槽，该走就走。

13、老和尚携小和尚游方，途遇一条河;见一女子正想过河，却又不敢过。老和尚便主动背该女子趟过了河，然后放下女子，与小和尚继续赶路。小和尚不禁一路嘀咕：师父怎么了?竟敢背一女子过河?一路走，一路想，最后终于忍不住了，说：师父，你犯戒了?怎么背了女人?老和尚叹道：我早已放下，你却还放不下!

启示：君子坦荡荡，小人常戚戚;心胸宽广，思想开朗，遇事拿得起、放得下，才能永远保持一种健康的心态。

一、四级作文概述

四级作文是提纲作文，一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖，切题合理便可落笔；在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺，文字流畅；在文字表现上要求无语法错误，个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配，单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外，值得一提的是，在篇章结构上建议写三段，所以即便题目只给出两个提纲，最好在完成两个提纲后，再多补充一段，所补内容不限，但须跟话题相关。

二、四级作文例题分析

(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water

1. 目前淡水资源非常紧缺

2. 为什么会出现这种情况

3. 该如何解决

96年6月份曾考过此题，今天来看，似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题，那么挖掘其背后根源，并找出解决方案，就成为探讨的主要方面，而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类，界限清晰，直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象，确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话，作为一段话则显内容单薄，字数匮乏，所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充，举例时即可基于国内现状，也可纵观全球，显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水，水价上升，以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析，建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念，心理意识，行为动机以及行为举措，比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发，如社会发展，人口激增，甚至污染的加剧等方面出发，这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然，考场上由于时间紧迫，无法细想，可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因，其实也无妨，只要二者不同即可，谨防虽言明两原因，但实则彼此混淆，出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析，措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起，也可加入作为现代年轻人，我该如何约束自己，从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之，在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力，纵马驰骋，原则依旧：切题者皆可。

(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students

1.目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职

2.对于大学生是否该做兼职工作，人们看法不一

3.我的看法

这是一道校园话题，在内容上即涉及现象，又涉及观点，能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出，看到提纲1，大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景，如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告，校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等，这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时，脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景，把这些画面定格，进行详细描绘即可，即自然又切题。当然，段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之，提纲是总领，而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法，一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时，提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端)，也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点，对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是，继提出己方观点后，还应补充其他内容，如论据；也可写我的下一步做法，甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。

(3)Private Cars of Today

1.目前私家车越来多了

2.私家车为人们带来的益处和问题

这道题只有两个提纲，所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容，可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类：如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等)，也可在1，2之间插入一段(如原因分析，即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1，依然是事实陈述，看到提纲1，会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆，以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车，那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2，是私家车给人们生活带来的影响，该事实是一中性事实，则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性，一方面它带来好处，如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便，另一方面它带来坏处，如排放废气，污染环境，或造成交通堵塞等等。

1.It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world.

在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。

2.The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.

你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。

3.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.

如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。

4.The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday.

记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。

5.The atmosphere in my family is fantastic

我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。

6.The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.

人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更多彩。

7.I had a great first impression of American people.

我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。

8.We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem.

我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。

9.With the rapid development of modern technology, the Internet has become a necessary part of our daily life and work.

随着现代科技的迅速发展，互联网已经成为生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。

10.You should read as many books as you possibly can.

大家应该尽可能的多读书。