英语新高考写作(经典20篇)

题目：请以“My Class Teacher”为题，写一篇不少于60个单词的作文。

My Class Teacher我的班主任

My class teacher is Mr. Wang. He is strict but kind. He has taught us Chinese for two years.我的班主任是王老师，他是一个要求严格而亲切的老师。他已经教了我们两年语文。

He always tells us to study hard but not all the time. Sometimes he plays with us. He says, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." I think he is a good class teacher.他总是告诉我们要好好学习，但不是时时刻刻学习。有时他会和我们一起玩。他说：“只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。” 我觉得他是个很好的班主任。

点评：这篇文章取材的是身边熟悉的人，作者也有东西可写，更具有可读性。另外，写人时把主语稍作调整，读起来轻松多了。

I am a 15-year-old girl. My name is [ename]Cherry[/ename]. Now I am studying in the middle school. I want to be an actress because I think it is a funny and exciting job...

写人的常见句式如：

This is my friend, Mary.

She is... years old.

She is a teacher/ an artist/ a singer...

She/ He gets up at 6/5... / early/ late.

She/ He has sports at school.

She/ He likes...

She/ He is strong/ fat/ slim/ kind/ thin/...

She/ He looks like...

She/ He is good at English/ maths/ Chinese/ physics...

1、安然的在被窝中躺过一世春秋。浑噩自知。

2、把每一个句子后面加一个完结的句号，记作虚无而迷惘的守候。

3、别怪我太冷血，实情便是这样残酷——两情相悦时，你乐得付出，他乐得全收，你不感觉是牺牲，他不感觉你有多苦。爱情如果真是天平，相爱时真心与回应自然持平，不爱时，再多的付出再痛的牺牲不过是让轻的更轻重的更重。情事如此，事业生活也当如是。管它回收的是琼瑶还是木瓜，切切记住：甘愿做，欢喜受，别拿牺牲当口号。

4、不管是男人还是女人，都是在爱情中学习爱，在失败中总结经验，以更好的姿态重新爱。

5、呆坐在眼睛里的空洞和茫然，凝结成氤氲的哀伤，在青春的天空渐渐延伸和漫散。

6、当笔下肆意挥洒的心情化为文字，我将用它记录永生。

7、当时光碾过青春，我将以快乐注解悲伤。

8、黄昏是青春短暂的悲伤。

9、回首。才看见我们是以快乐的心情写悲伤的青春。

10、即使世界遗忘了你，也总会有那么几个人在你生命的伊始之日，道一声：生日快乐!

11、极度的顺从是悖逆。

12、简单的一个比方，一块玉，一元钱买到的，你不会将它看得很珍贵，一千元买到的，你自然会仔细收藏。不谈报酬，便永远将自己放在一元的水平线上，你不知道自己是否增值，也不知道是否有充实自己增值的必要，长此以往，不被埋汰也被饿死。

13、结婚是两个人的事，离婚，便是那只西伯利亚的蝴蝶，远远地拍拍翅膀，全城就可来场飓风。

14、久远是迷途里酝酿的酒。愈陈愈香。

15、老铁匠操着小锺，与其说是打，毋宁说是抚摸了一下那蓝钢。三个如狼似虎的儿子，各操着十八磅的大锺，各打了一锺，挟带着狂热与激昂，如同奔驰中的烈马之蹄，迅速无比但又节点分明地砸下去。奇怪的是竟然没有声音。往常这父子四人打铁时发出的声响半条街都能听到，连火车的汽笛声都能被盖住，但现在，这锻打，这劳动，剧烈至极，连墙角上蟋蟀的鸣叫都声声入耳，让人感觉到深秋之悲凉，生命之短暂。(月光斩)

16、老铁匠从姑娘怀中接过那包裹，放在屋子正北方向的祖先牌位前，跪地，行三跪九叩之大礼。礼毕，将包裹解开，悲切切地说：列祖列宗，保佑吧!祝毕，将右手中指塞时嘴巴，交破，在那蓝光的映照下他的血也成了蓝色，滴滴下落到那钢上，先发出叮叮咚咚的声响，仿佛珍珠落到冰上，然后又咬左手中佛，将血滴上去，又发出滋滋啦啦的声响，仿佛那钢是灼热的。铁匠的儿子们嗅到了古怪的香气，与那用茶叶包裹着的人血馒头放到灶火里烧烤时的香气颇为接近。血祭完毕，那钢的蓝色浅了，淡了，不似初时坚硬凌厉，增添了些许温柔，与深秋时节的满月光辉有几分相似。然后，也不包扎手指，搬起那钢，如抱着一个十世单传的婴孩，塞进了熊熊的炉火之中。(月光斩)

17、恋爱时钞票拿来更换靓衣买到浪漫，婚姻时钞票要用来供奉柴米油盐解决尿不湿。

18、恋爱是心理享受，婚姻是刻板方程式。

19、恋爱是一加一等于零两人亲得像一个人，婚姻是一加一等于三生个孩子完成优生。

20、满腹经纶是黔驴之技。易于迁延与迟滞。

21、每个人，都有过恶梦的经历吧，谁都不会因为一场恶梦而真的从此抗拒睡眠。而且，没有谁真正会对他人的恶梦感兴趣，耿耿于怀的，只能是自己。你这场恶梦，当个警钟就行了。

22、那条黑爪子白狗走到桥头，停住脚，回头望望土路，又抬起下巴望望我，用那只浑浊的狗眼。狗眼里的神色遥远荒凉，含有一种模糊的暗示，这遥远荒凉的暗示唤起内心深处一种迷蒙的感受。(白狗秋千架)

23、男女情事如战事，不攻不守只知退让，自然全盘皆输。也许有的女人会说，输就输吧，反正甘愿交给他，青春，钱财，心，他要什么便取什么。自以为在爱情中扮足了伟大，却不知道，爱易脱口便易脱手，一次次的退让，已让他洞悉全部——言听计从，招之来挥之去，像极廉价雨伞，晴时扔到一边，阴时拿来蔽天，丢之不觉肉痛，有之不觉珍贵。这种女人，活该被他欺被他戏。

24、年月里。五味杂陈。

25、嘭----这一棍子也打在了我遮挡脑袋的手骨上。我抱着头，窜到院子里。和皮发红站在了一起。

26、皮发红主任捂着头窜到院子里，大声说：“王桂花，我要和你离婚!”“你要是不离，就不是人做的!”我娘怒吼着。“革命啦!革命啦”我得意地嚷叫着。嘭----我听到自已头上发出一声沉闷的声响，眼前金花乱冒，接着看到王桂花红彤彤的脸，和那脸上瞪得溜圆的大眼，接着听到她说：“小兔崽子，你也不是个好东西!”

27、所以。兵荒马乱也要轻装简从。

28、提笔伏案之年。窗边。是心灵奔向青春的黑色河流。突兀的世界。

29、王桂花拿着面棍冲出来，我跟随着皮发红跑出院子，跑出胡同，站在大街上。(挂像)

30、我把你们的故事收入我的音筒，放在生活之上，我的记忆之下。

31、我的老婆----这个十年前就从丙纶厂下了岗的倒霉蛋----气喘吁吁地跑了过来。我把左路的炮沉到底，叫了一声：将!然后抬起头，看着跑得浑身肉颤的老婆，问：跑什么?是家里起火了还是你被强奸了?(倒立)

32、我们总是以诗般的语言刻画自己在青春的罅隙中的那般狼狈。

33、我在河之彼岸，守望曾经归来，归来无望。

34、我总喜欢逆着时光，寻找我青春的足迹。

35、无论多么落寂和苍茫，那些身影总会过目不忘。

36、一个好铁匠，总是盼望着一块好钢的出世，然后用奇特的方式，使它服从自己的意志，变成一把宝刀。(月光斩)

37、因此，在那个习惯于悲春伤秋的年代，你陪我看了多少个日薄西山的景致，我陪你看了多少个破晓阑珊的夜，我们彼此静默的坐着，不言朝夕。

38、因了命途中的你们，我才没有荒芜了青春。

39、有些人，在不经意间，就忘了;有些人，你想方设法，都忘不了。

40、遇上令自己痛心的男子，当做小姐送错的那杯咖啡，大声告诉自己“他不是我的那杯咖啡”;结束了一桩爱情，没有必要躲在家里用纸巾拭眼，在阳光或漫天雪飘中坐进咖啡厅里，洒脱

地笑笑，轻声告诉自己“一杯咖啡凉了，总还有另一杯正在炉上沸腾”;工作上些许的不顺心，不必悲天悯人，捧上喜欢的咖啡，看着窗外为生计在冷风中奔走的人们，信心十足地告诉自己“高处不算高，低处不算低，至少手里的咖啡香浓不改”

41、月光下，我用繁冗拖沓的文字祭奠我的青春，纪念我死去的友情和迟到的爱情。

42、在年生里。我们因无知荒唐而美丽。

43、这个世界不是我们的敌人，也不是我们的朋友。这个世界可能是天堂，也可能是地狱，这全取决于我们的态度，取决于我们如何去看它，如何去制造它。

44、智慧与非智慧，区别便在其中。笨女人将自己的优越五分夸张成十分，聪明女人将自己的幸福十分浓缩成九分!

45、祝他幸福。而你，也得将自己拧拧干，到阳光地带下晒晒了。他都为别人撑伞了，你何必去回望他们的背影。

46、自我并不等同于自私，因为“我”的存在，别人才有被帮助被爱护的可能。“我”越自珍，爱情中越被重视，工作中越有能力，生活中越游刃有余。

47、总在不经意的年生。回首彼岸。纵然发现光景绵长了十六个年头。

作文，在高考语文中占据着举足轻重的作用，要在有限的时间、紧张的环境下写出一篇让阅卷老师喜欢的文章不仅需要好的写作能力还需要掌握一定的应试技巧。每当我们拿到作为题目时，大部分同学都会有一种感觉：没的写，不知从何下手。造成这种问题的原因主要是在于阅读量少，头脑中没有可用的素材，很难找到可用材料，因此，就会造成看到题目时出现“大脑空白”的情况。下面笔者就针对同学们在写作文中经常遇到的“没的写，不知如何下手”的问题进行下写作策略分享，希望对学子们有所帮助，并有效提高自己的写作水平。

一、多读多记名人名言，从中找到作文论点

名人名言、俗语等都是知识的高度总结与概括，往往是用很简单的字词、语句涵盖了大道理，其实这些就是写作文尤其是写议论文中的论点，如果能将这些内容合理地运用到自己的作文中，那么就将会为作文增添不少色彩，同时，不会造成偏题的现象，并突出自己的写作主题，让考试官最快地发现作者的观点。因此，在日常的学习中，同学们要养成良好的学习习惯，去多读名人名言或者背些相关语句，不仅可以在作文写作中增添有力亮点，还可以提高个人的文化修养。在这里，需要提醒同学们的是，写出的名人名言、俗语要进行解释说明，对引用的观点加以合理阐述。

名人名言分类例举

①勤奋类

·精选列举，学问勤中得，萤窗万卷书。三冬今足用，谁笑腹空虚?─辛弃疾·业精于勤，荒于嬉。行成于思，毁于随。─韩愈

·锲而舍之，朽木不折;锲而不舍，金石可镂。--《荀子·劝学》

·在所有的过错中，我们最易于原谅的就是懒散。─拉罗什富科

②财富类

·把金钱奉为神明，它就会像魔鬼一样降祸于你。--菲尔丁

·没有钱是悲哀的事。但是金钱过剩则倍过悲哀。--托尔斯泰

·金钱和时间是人生两种最沉重的负担，最不快乐的就是那些拥有这两种东西太多，却不知怎样使用的人。--约翰生

③励志类

·人生应该如蜡烛一样，从顶燃到底，一直都是光明的。--萧楚女

·人生的价值，即以其人对于当代所做的工作为尺度。--徐玮

·春蚕到死丝方尽，人至期颐亦不休。一息尚存须努力，留作青年好范畴。--吴玉章

④时间类

·尊重生命、尊重他人也尊重自己的生命，是生命进程中的伴随物，也是心理健康的一个条件。---弗洛姆

·人生有两出悲剧：一是万念俱灰，另一是踌躇满志。-肖伯纳

·懂得生命真谛的人，可以使短促的生命延长。---西塞罗

⑤诚信类

·欺人只能一时，而诚信才是长久之策————约翰·雷

·当信用消失的时候，肉体就没有生命————大仲马

·人类最不道德订户，是不诚实与懦弱————高尔基

⑥集体类

·任何一种不为集体利益打算的行为，都是自杀的行为，它对社会有害。--马卡连柯

·正如树枝和树干连接在一起那样，脱离树干的树枝很快就会枯死。--奥涅格

·一堆沙子是松散的，可是它和水泥、石子、水混合后，比花岗岩还坚韧。--王杰

⑦劳动类

·我们世界上最美好的东西，都是由劳动、由人的聪明的手创造出来的。--高尔基

·我觉得人生求乐的方法，最好莫过于尊重劳动。一切乐境，都可由劳动得来，一切苦境，都可由劳动解脱。--李大钊

·在人的生活中最主要的是劳动训练。没有劳动就不可能有正常的人的生活。--卢梭

⑧工作类

伟大的事业是根源于坚韧不断的工作，以全副精神去从事，不避艰苦。------罗素

教师的人格就是教育工作者的一切，只有健康的心灵才有健康的行为。------乌申斯基

果实的事业是尊贵的，花的事业是甜美的，但还是让我在默默献身的阴影里做叶的事业吧。------泰戈

⑨学习类

·培育能力的事必须继续不断地去做，又必须随时改善学习方法，提高学习效率，才会成功。——叶圣陶

·青春是有限的，智慧是无穷的，趁短暂的青春，去学习无穷的智慧。——高尔基

·我们的事业就是学习再学习，努力积累更多的知识，因为有了知识，社会就会有长足的进步，人类的未来幸福就在于此。——契诃夫

⑩幸福类

一无所有的人是有福的，因为他们将获得一切!--罗曼。罗兰

人生并非游戏，因此，我们并没有权利只凭自己的意愿放弃它。--列夫。托尔斯泰

严肃的人的幸福，并不在于风流、娱乐与欢笑这种种轻佻的伴侣，而在于坚忍与刚毅。--西塞罗

二、多读经典寓言、名人故事，在作文中引经据典

前面的名人名言为作文写作中增添论点，那么经典寓言、名人故事就是作文写作中的最佳论据了。为了证明论点，就必须找到最有力的论据对论点加以阐述和说明，从而为文章增添色彩与可信度，因此，在作文中引经据典，去挖掘名人、专家等有影响力人物的成长故事，就将会让作文非常具有吸引力，增加文章整体的可读性。

故事精选例举

1、孙中山：伟大的革命先行者孙中山，40年如一日，为中国的独立富强而耗尽了毕生的精力。他自己别无家产，仅有书籍、衣服、一所华侨捐献给他的小住宅。他革命一生的原动力是什么?就是“适乎世界之潮流，合乎人群之需要”的崇高信仰。

素材分析：孙中山执着无悔于革命，在于他有崇高的信仰，即“人群之需要”。信仰如山，仰之弥高。因此可写话题可参考：“成功与信仰”、“成功的动力”、“可贵的信仰”等等。

2、牛顿在花园里散步，突然，一个熟透了苹果从树上掉下来，正好打在他头上。这件很平常的事引起了牛顿深深的思考。他想：苹果离开树枝，为什么一定要向地下掉呢?为什么不飞向天空和别的方向呢?因此，他推想地心有一种吸引力，又推想这种吸引力对任何物质都存在。他通过研究，提出了计算引力大小的公式。就这样，牛顿由掉苹果而发现了震惊世界的“万有引力定律”，对科学事业的发展做出了巨大贡献。

素材分析：思考，是通往成功的前提与首要条件，牛顿正是有了对苹果落地深深的思考，才发现了震惊世界的“万有引力定律”。因此可写话题可参考：“思考的力量”、“成功的条件”、“创造性思考的奇迹”等等，

3、居里夫人曾获得过许多令世人羡慕不已的荣誉，但她却从不因此而陶醉。居里夫人的一位朋友曾应邀到她家里做客，走进屋里竟看见她的小女儿正在玩弄英国皇家协会刚刚授予她的一枚金质奖章，不禁大吃一惊，马上对居里夫人说：“现在能够得到一枚英国皇家协会的金质奖章，是极高也是非常难得的荣誉，你怎么能给孩子玩呢?”居里夫人笑了笑说：“我就想让孩子们从小知道，荣誉就像玩具，只能玩玩而已，决不能永远守着它，否则就会一事无成。”守着成绩，会使自己一事无成，能看到这一点实在是很重要。

素材分析：“淡泊明志，宁静致远”，不把眼前的名利看得轻淡就不会有明确的志向，不能平静安详全神贯注的学习，就不能实现远大的目标。因此可写话题可参考：“追求与目标”、“人生的境界”等等。

4、《林则徐对联立志》，这个故事讲的是清代着名的民族英雄林则。林则徐小时候就天资聪慧，两次机会下，作了两幅对联，这两幅对联表达了林则徐的远大志向，不仅敢于立志，而且读书刻苦，长大后成就了一番大事业，受到了后世的敬仰。《文天祥少年正气》，南宋末年着名的民族英雄文天祥少年时生活困苦，在好心人的帮助下才有机会读书，一次，文天祥被有钱的同学误会是小偷，他据理力争，不许别人践踏自己的尊严，终于证明了自己的清白，而且通过这件事，更加树立了文天祥金榜题名的志向。

以上两点同学们要学会灵活运用，一定要在理解题目的基础上加以说明，否则就会适得其反。

同时，现在的中、高考作文也越来越多的关注于身边的故事，因此，同学们也要养成每天看新闻的习惯，至少让自己的脑海里有对相关事情的了解，这样在考试时也不会造成对问题的盲从。为自己的写作提供素材需要长期的积累，如果能够坚持下去，同学们便会在考试中真正地做到“下笔如有神”。

议论文，分析事实，论证道理，当然要遵循一定的思维规律;这种思维规律反映在文章的外部形态上，就是具有一定体式的文章的结构。下面是小编为你整理的超实用的高考议论文写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、议论文的结构合体

议论文，分析事实，论证道理，当然要遵循一定的思维规律;这种思维规律反映在文章的外部形态上，就是具有一定体式的文章的结构。怎样写议论文才算“合体”呢?

一是根据议论问题的一般思维模式，应当是按“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”( 或曰“引论”、“本论”、“结论”) 三大块构成。“提出问题 ”即在议论文开头一般要鲜明地提出中心论点，“分析问题”即在文章的中间要围绕中心论点展开分析论证，“解决问题”即在文章的结尾部分或者得出综合性结论， 或者提出前瞻性希望等。这一点，众所周知，兹不赘述。

二是分析问题即本论部分，要按一定的向度分层展开论述。所谓“向度”即论述展开的方向。这个“向度”有四个： 是什么，为什么，怎么样，何果。一般情况下， 一篇中学生议论文作文，其本论部分只要从这四个向度中选择一个或者两个展开即可。但无论是从哪个向度展开， 其分论点之间都要形成一定的联系。一般来说，有并列式、递进式和对照式三种。

所谓并列式，就是围绕中心从同一个向度列出几个分论点，逐一论证。如果仅仅围绕一个向度写，那么几个分论点之间的关系大多是并列关系 .

递进式同并列式结构相比，除了论点之间的意义联系不同以外，其段落的结构模式与并列式相同，就不再说了。

所谓对照式，就是从论题的正反两个方面入手，进行正反对比论证得出结论。其优点是结构简洁，论证充分，容易上手。最简单的对照式是在提出观点后，一段从正面论证观点，一段从反面论证观点，最后得出结论。还有一种对照式结构是在正面进行论述或者摆出论据后，紧接着用转折或者假设的方式从反面展开论述。

二、思路入格

议论文是论述问题的，当然要有一定的思路，即议论文各部分之间要有必然的内在联系。我们知道，议论文是论证问题的，你在提出议论文论点后，就要摆事实，讲道理，让你提出的论点令人信服地确立起来。因此，中心论点和各分论点之间就应当是因果联系，即中心论点是“果”,分论点是“因”.这个因果联系就是议论文的思路之“格”.作为一个高中生的议论文作文，最起码要做到在中心论点和各分论点之间 ,论点和论据之间要有一定的因果联系。

学生提出中心论点后，只要围绕中心论点问一个“为什么”,就能找到提出分论点的方向。如中心论点是“只有坚守，才能使人的思想品德升华，才能成就一番事业”.稍加分析，就可发现这个观点是在说“坚守”的重要性，于是，分论点就要回答“为什么坚守很重要”这个问题。那么就可从“为什么”和“何果”这两个向度来立分论点。如“坚守是一种执着，使绝望变成希望”,“坚守是一种信念，使普通变得高尚”,“坚守是一种职责，使平凡变得伟大”.如果我们要检验这三个分论点和中心论点之间有没有必然的内在联系的话，只需在这三个分论点之前加上“因为”,在“坚守很重要”之前加上“所以”,再连起来念一下即可。

同样，分论点和议论文的论据之间，也应当是因果联系。如在“坚守是一种职责，使平凡变得伟大”这个分论点后面，就可这样展开论述：“边防战士的坚守，使国家安定祥和;人民教师的坚守，使桃李满天下;白衣天使的坚守，使病魔为之屈服。”又如在“自由是思想的漫飞”这个分论点下可以这样展开论述：“行动可以受制于客观现实，思想却永远享受绝对的自由。有了这份思想的自由，才有了集豪放与浪漫于一身的诗仙李白;才有了身陷囹圄还在感叹‘故国不堪回首月明中’的落魄后主李煜;才有了向往‘面朝大海，春暖花开’的天才诗人海子。总之，因为这份思想的自由，社会才会在其牵引之下不断地进步，才会创造出一个个永载史册的人类奇迹。”

三、粘连有术

一篇像样的议论文，除了议论文的结构合体、思路入格外，还有更重要的一个方面，就是对论点的恰当阐述和对论据的中肯分析;没有这样的阐述和分析，议论文论点论据就不能粘连起来，而这个粘连是有“术”的。

(一) 观点+过渡+事例+分析

这个步骤中最重要的是“过渡”和“分析”.所谓“过渡”就是要在观点和事例之间，用适当的词句来勾连，以接通文气，使观点和议论文材料在语言形式上畅通无阻。所谓“分析”,就是事例叙述完之后，还必须对事例进行适当的分析评论，指出其本质特点，使事例和论点在内容上联结在一起。

(二) 观点+过渡+论据+分析+归纳

这种议论文论证方式就是在第一种的基础上加了一个“归纳”.所谓归纳，就是从多个事例中提炼出必然性的东西。既然要从多个事例中提炼，那么，“论据”部分，就应是两个或三个以上。

(三) 一般道理+个别道理

即“演绎推理法”.前面的分析归纳是从个别到一般，而演绎推理法是从一般到个别，用普遍性的真理(论据)来证明特殊的论点的方法。

如果完成了以上三步走，大概就能写出像样的议论文了。

优秀范文：教育公平与分配正义

一组言简意赅的漫画，直指教育的核心目的，引人深思。漫画中，考过100分的优生因退步两分而受惩罚，而原只有55分的差生因考了61分而受到奖励。表面上是在讽刺当今教育的不公平，实则是在扣问教育的最终目的——培养精英或是鼓励差生?

我的回答是后者，教育的目的不应简单地以功利主义的结果论来裁决，而应以培养并激发普通人的潜能使之有能力追求更高的美以及更幸福的生活为宗旨。这就解释了为什么98分的优生考得比61分的差生好却遭到惩罚。因为教育的初衷是让他们突破自我的桎梏，而非同他人比较。

这组漫画在现实生活中的具体表现，莫过于今年沿海地区高校招生名额向西北内陆转移而引发的史上最大的家长维权活动。表面上看有能力考98分的考生无法获得优质教育资源，而仅仅只考61分的西北地区考生却能轻松上名校是一种不合乎逻辑的行为，是违背教育资源分配公平的行为。然而，细剖背后错综复杂的社会背景以及道德哲学的充分考量。我们必须承认：这是完全符合教育公平的原则以及分配正义的要求的。

西方哲学家罗尔斯在《正义论》中曾指出：“社会公平的基本原则就是分配正义。”这其中的“社会公平”涉及人类生活的各个方面。当然也包括教育公平的问题。当前中国高校优质教育资源紧张的情况下，政策的倾斜看似荒谬不合理，实则是为了最大程度上地维护教育公平分配正义。我们不能否认沿海考生的努力及成就，但受制于不同地区发展不均衡的影响，让沿海考生与西北内陆的考生同台竞技，无疑只会加剧教育资源分布不均和不同地域关系的紧张程度。因此，适当地“照顾”西北考生，是我国教育理念的一次提升和进步。这说明传统的“择优取士”已逐渐向现代教育理念靠拢——无论是考过100分的优生，还是只有59分的差生，卷面的分数已不再是衡量教育成效的尺度，卓有成效地挖掘每个个体内在潜能并赋予个体追求自我幸福生活的能力，才是教育的终极目的。而要达到“有教无类，因材施教”的理论高度，就必须努力推广教育资源的公平以及分配正义的理念，让不同水平的人，不论是100的优生还是55分的差生，能享有同样的机遇去发挥自我的潜能。当然，这并不意味着忽视优生的培养，只是在一套相对公平的体制下，每个个体都能因自我的突破而获得嘉奖和鼓励。也需要有人鞭策退步的人奋发图强，这才是真正的教育公平与分配正义。

亚里士多德曾言：“教育活动的全部意义就在于培养具有美德的公民。”惩罚98分的优生和奖励61分的差生，都应在于培养共和国的公民，使之具有更高级的道德追求，而不应一味鼓励高分而扼杀天性。教育公平与分配正义的理念应当体现在当前的教育活动中。如此，方能有道德完善素质良好的公民撑起共和国的大厦，推动中国崛起!

什么是点题？点题，就是在恰当的地方用简明扼要的语句点明题意，揭示的主旨，暗示全文的脉络层次。点题之笔，在诗歌中又称之为“诗眼”，在中又称之为“文眼”。

点题，是获取“保险”分的“奠基石”；点题，不仅是写作水平一般的同学的法宝，而且也是想要获取高分甚至满分的考生的妙招；点题，是挽救离题文的“救命草”，能有效防止中心不明或游离，避免无中心、多中心、材料不支持中心等现象。

高考作文不喜欢含蓄，这与阅卷工作时间紧、任务重有关，正如某省高考作文阅卷组组长说：“高考作文，要多一点‘二锅头’，少一点‘碧螺春’！二锅头——我国北方的一种烈性酒，一口下去，两眼冒火，浑身发热。碧螺春——此茶需要慢慢地品味，快喝猛喝是喝不出滋味来的。”高考作文必须有很强的‘视觉冲击力’。让阅卷老师在瞬间被它吸引，被它打动。‘犹抱琵琶’，太曲折，太含蓄，都是高考作文的大忌。“考场作文的立意不仅要准确，而且还应该在行文时将其显豁地展现出来，在作文中要不断提到话题，点明你的行文和话题的关系，引领读者随你的思维而去。”“有时候一个关键词、一句关键性的话，就会救活一篇高考作文！这是未曾阅卷的朋友想象不到的！”

一、标题点题。

拟写的标题切合题意，让阅卷老师一眼就能知道的主旨。像《别让孩子成为时尚的受害者》（江苏）、《成败皆因常识》（广东）、《选择适合自己的路》（河北）、《三月陌上花自开》（山东）、《心中的乡情不会随时间风化》（山东）等无不是紧扣题意的精彩妙题。

如果标题看起来与题意关系不大，赶快补救。如四川满分作文《乌云晴日上，清流暗礁藏——忘记与铭记》，就采用了副标题的形式，点明了题意，不会让阅卷老师因费解引发反感。

二、首尾点题。

开篇（包括题记）便点明题义，卒章显“题”。

把点题的句子放在醒目的位置。如果是前面的内容很少提到话题甚至有偏题的嫌疑，那最后的亡羊补“题”就显得更为重要了。高考高分作文往往都是很重视首尾点题的。例如四川某考生的《熟悉》的开头和结尾：

（开头）生活如美人的脸，总是半遮半掩。没有人生来就对生活熟悉。我们在生活的小路上对事物总是由不熟悉继而变为熟悉。人们常说，熟能生巧，我们就应该只掌握熟悉的，放弃一切新的事物而止步不前？

（结尾）没有人一生下来就对生活熟悉。渐渐地，我们所熟悉的事物越来越多。此时，不妨放下熟悉的事情，去挑战新的事物，让自己的人生不在熟悉而无味中度过，而描绘出自己不一样的多彩人生！

三、中间醒目处点题

首尾点题固然很重要，但我们也不能把中间的主体段落给忘了。在中间的关键处、醒目处适当地来上几个点题的句子，常常可起到提纲挈领、突出主旨的作用，同时也是在不断提醒阅卷老师，我是紧扣话题作文的。这应该是最醒目的点题方式。

1、运用主旨句点题。

这些主旨句可以领起全段，也可以用独立成段的形式表达。例如湖南某考生《踮起脚尖》在的中间部分采用了三个主旨句“踮起脚尖，感受大自然的美丽”“踮起脚尖，谱写人间的真爱”“踮起脚尖，成就完的美人生”“踮起脚尖，就更靠近阳光”点题，收到了题义凸显、引领全篇、脉络清晰、层次分明的效果。

2、运用小标题点题。

使用小标题点题，既能彰显文意，又使得结构清晰，让人一目了然，给人好感。例如四川考生优秀作文《挺立前行》采用了“司马迁·不屈”“朱元璋·奋进”“康熙·勇敢”三个小标题，既有力地诠释了话题，又引领下文，纲举目张，一箭双雕。

3、点题句分析论据。

议论文中，叙述完事例论据后，如果能紧扣话题进行适当地分析议论，既能避免罗列事例、文体不清的毛病，又能起到画龙点睛、突出中心的作用。如广东省高考一号标文《情与理的抉择》，在简单叙述完郑培民的事例后，紧接着来了几句议论分析，“感情亲疏，并没影响郑培民清醒认识到自己是人民的公仆，他没有因为个人利益而抛弃为人民服务的宗旨，依旧踏实勤恳、无私奉献。他们父子的这种高洁情操，在当今社会实属难得”，只短短两句话，可它把事例与话题紧紧连在一起了。

另外，还要注意扣题的两种方式：明扣和暗扣。议论文则多采用明扣，记叙文、散文、小小说要明暗结合。如果标题或话题是比喻型的，则一定要把明扣和暗扣紧紧结合起来。

尊严就是人的权利和人格被尊重。下面是语文迷为大家整理的关于尊严的名言，欢迎阅读参考。

1、我想一个人的尊严，并不在于他能赚多少钱，或获得了什么社会地位，而在于能不能发挥他的专长，过有意义的生活。一百个人不能都做同样的事，各有不同的生活方式。生活虽不同，可是发挥自己的天分与专长，并使自己陶醉在这种喜悦之中，与社会大众共享，在奉献中，领悟出自己的人生价值，这是现代人普遍期望的。——松下幸之助

2、自尊自爱，作为一种力求完善的动力，却是一切伟大事业的渊源。——屠格涅夫

3、人受到震动有种种不同：有的是在脊椎骨上;有的是在神经上;有的是在道德感受上;而最强烈的最持久的则是在个人尊严上。——约翰高而斯华馁

4、每一个正直的人都应该维护自己的尊严。——卢梭

5、一个人开朗豁达，就会感受到自尊的快乐。

6、过度的自尊，则使我们越发敏感，作茧自缚，最终体验不到生活的乐趣。

7、忌妒，是心灵的肿瘤。——艾青

8、自暴自弃，这是一条永远腐蚀啃嗤着心灵的毒蛇，它吸走心灵的新鲜血液，并在其中注入厌世和绝望的毒汁。——马克思

9、一个人如果能懂得知耻，就格外珍惜自尊，就会主动维护他人的尊严。

10、把尊重自己与尊重他人结合起来，就会散发出高贵的气质。

11、高度的自尊心不是骄傲自大或缺乏自我批评精神的同义词。自尊心强的人不是认为自己比别人优越，而只是对自己有信心，相信自己能够克服自己的缺点。——伊谢科恩

12、我们可以把我们的财物生命转借给我们的朋友，以满足他们的需求，但是，转让尊严之名，把自己的荣誉安在他人头上，这却是罕见的。——蒙田

13、只有当你想得到别人的尊重而又没有其他办法时，漂亮的衣服才能派上用场。——塞缪尔•约翰逊

14、不知道他自己的尊严的人，便不能尊重别人的尊严。——席勒

15、虽然尊严不是一种美德，却是许多美德之母。——柯林斯托姆

16、尊重他人是人生的一道底线，是人生的一个亮点，自尊是无价的。

17、尊重他人是一门学问，是人生的一片风景，尊人优雅，

18、塑造更好的形象，赢得别人对自己的肯定，赢得集体和社会的赞扬，这就是自尊的表现。

19、自尊，迄今为止一直是少数人所必备的一种德性。凡是在权力不平等的地方，它都不可能在服从于其他人统治的那些人的身上找到。——罗素

20、人与人之间需要一种平衡，就像大自然需要平衡一样。不尊重别人感情的人，最终只会引起别人的讨厌和憎恨。——戴尔•卡耐基

21、尊重生命尊重他人也尊重自己的生命，是生命进程中的伴随物，也是心理健康的一个条件。——弗洛姆

22、对别人的意见要表示尊重。千万别说：“你错了。”——卡耐基

23、对人来说，最最重要的东西是尊严。——普列姆昌德

24、珍视思想的人，必然珍视自己的尊严。——苏霍姆林斯基

25、虽然尊严不是一种美德，却是许多美德之母。——柯林斯托姆

26、根本不该为取悦别人而使自己失敬于人。——卢梭

27、要人敬者，必先自敬。——陶行知

28、生命的尊严正是超等价物的一切事物的基点。——池田大作

29、哪里有理性智慧，哪里就有尊严。——马丹•杜•加尔

30、人的一切尊严，就在于思想。——巴斯葛

31、我们的尊严不在于我们做什么，而在于我们懂得什么。——桑塔亚那

32、人的尊严可以用一句话来概括：即他的信念……它比金钱地位权势，甚至比生命都更有价值。——海卡尔

33、不要让一个人去守卫他的尊严，而应让他的尊严来守卫他。——爱默生

34、生命的尊严使普遍的绝对的准则。生命的尊严是没有等价物的，是任何东西都不能代替的。——池田大作

35、擦地板何洗痰盂的工作何总统的职务一样，都有其尊严存在。——尼克松

36、在文学上，年轻人常常从担任法官开始他们的生涯，只有当智慧与经验到来时，他们才终于获得了受审的尊严。——托马斯•哈代

37、七十寿辰!这是人们获得一种新的令人敬畏的尊严的幸福时刻。这时，你可以把压抑已达三十余年的故作深沉弃之一旁，无所畏惧，泰然自若地站在人生的七级顶锋向下观望，教诲他人而不会受到指责。——马克吐温

38、我们可以死，但是永远不会变节!我们可以死，但是要自由和尊严地去死!我们可以死，并不是因为我们不重视生命，不是因为我们不重视我国人民进行的创造性事业，看不到我们通过自己的劳动有权得到的光荣的未来，而是因为我们每个人的生命是同这种思想，这种前途不可分割地联系在一起的。——卡斯特罗

39、国家的尊严比安全更为重要，比命运更有价值——托•伍•威尔逊

40、人类的全部尊严，就在于思想!——帕思卡尔

41、一个真正伟大骄傲而又勇敢的民族宁可面对战争的任何灾难，也不愿在牺牲其民族尊严的情况下换得卑贱——西•罗斯福

42、一个国家如果不能勇于不惜一切地去维护自己的尊严，那么，这个国家就一钱不值——席勒

43、傲慢是一种得不到支持的尊严。——巴尔扎克

44、人们将永远赖以自立的是他的智慧良心人的尊严。——苏霍姆林斯基

何为美也?凡应天地之造化，顺神灵之善意者，无论山川秀水，青草红花，万物皆为美!

何谓山美?有泰山峰峦叠嶂之巍峨;有华山千峰万仞之奇险;有黄山山明水秀之瑰丽;可为美!若无泰山之巍峨;华山之奇险;黄山之瑰丽，则有静谧之感;祥和之态;包容之心，能纳花草树木，飞鸟走兽，又不失大气，也可谓美!

何谓水美?水清为美;水静为美;水博为美。然，水至清则无鱼，少了灵动;水至静则死水，少了生气;水至博能载舟，亦能覆舟，少了包容。总之，水清而不缺灵动;水静而须有生气;水博而不失包容，才能谓美!

何谓人美?男有总角之憧憬;不惑之担当;耄耋之空禅，女有豆蔻之清纯;亦有花信之窈窕;能勤俭持家，可为美!知书识礼，心存感恩，明辨是非，晓忠孝者亦可为美!不假于物，不在其表，不攀比，心灵美，善行善建着是至美!

有人好高山之巍峨，有人好潭水之静谧，有人好美酒之微醺，有人好清茶之平淡。好高山者不喜潭水之僻凉;好潭水者不喜高山之张扬;好美酒者不喜茶之清淡;好清茶者不喜酒之辛辣，殊不知:高山总与水相依，酒总与茶共饮

若有倾城之容颜，无善良之仁心，到头来只是红粉枯骨，不可谓美;任你翩翩公子，玉砌于身，若无长德之品行，亦谓不美。故，人之美者，在于内，仁人之美，重于修身养性，若以厚德载物，必然与美长存。

人间至美着，应修其身，养其性，无关外貌，无关阅历，无关家世，有感恩之心，有善良之意。美有千万种，各色各样，适于己，美于心，万物皆美!

标题是文章的眼睛，是文章内容和读者情感之间的第一个接触点，是让人一见钟情的因子，也可提供给读者审视文章内容的独特视角。要想在作文拟题时得心应手，就必须在平时的写作实践中不断摸索、训练。下文是小编整理的相关内容，欢迎阅读参考!

话题作文在近几年的高考(微博)命题中一直独领风骚。而自拟题目则是话题作文的一个重要写作要求。一个好的标题犹如一双靓丽的眼睛，透过它可以洞悉文章的思想感情、具体内容。所以拟好一个让阅卷老师“一见钟情”的作文题目，是作文得分的至关重要的一步。

一、附加法

就是选取话题中的关键词，在其前后补充成分，使之成为标题。这种方法特别适合于以一个词为话题的作文。如以“声音”为话题，可以拟为《板书的声音》《生命中的声音》等;以“幸福”为话题，可为《追求幸福》《体味幸福》等。

二、修辞法

1.比喻法。如《理解是路，爱是桥》，把爱和理解比喻成缩短心灵距离的桥梁和路，极富文采;《拔除心灵的杂草》，把人类心理的不健康因素比做“杂草”，使文章显得形象生动。

2.比拟式。如《诚信“漂流记”，把“诚信”拟人化，通过诚信巧遇“快乐”“地位”“竞争”的遭遇，可以得出富有哲理的结论。再如《诚信喊冤》《天空的诉说》等，使人如闻其声，如临其境。都运用了拟人的手法，形象生动，别有韵味。

3.夸张式。如那个障碍粉碎了我(“挫折”话题)等。

4.借代式。如以黑白债为题，紧扣母亲乌黑发丝中的白发展开叙述，揭示岁月无情、母爱无价这一真谛，借色彩代本体，寄托深情。

5.反问式。如以“相容”为话题，可以拟题为谁说不相容等。

6.设问式。用设问引起读者的思索，如《顺境出人才吗》〈我是谁》等。

7.引用式。文题中恰当的引用一些名言警句，能达到言简意赅的效果，又使作文增加一定的文化底蕴，如《己所不欲勿施于人》;还可以引用一些流行歌词，如《一笑而过》(以宽容为话题)、《一千零一个愿望》(以心愿为话题)等。

8.双关式。语义双关，如《冬日暖阳》等。

9.对偶式。如《读智慧之书，做有用之才》，《高高山顶立，深深海底行》(人生感悟话题)，《斩断亲情，昭显正义》(“人与我”话题等)。

10.反复式。如以“探索未知世界”为话题，就可以拟题为《生命的萌芽，萌芽的生命》等。

作文拟题的方法还有很多，这里就不再一一赘述了。教师可根据教学实际，指导学生采用各种方法拟题以增加文采。

三、矛盾法

培养学生具有逆向思维的能力，这样拟出来的题目，往往会收到意想不到的效果。如《近墨者未必黑》《“闲书”不闲》等题目，用了形贬实褒来命题，反而更能吸引人。

四、符号法

如数学中的等式《1+1=?》，不等式《金钱 幸福》《成绩 素质》等。这样的拟题给人简洁明了的感觉，还会让人产生一睹为快的阅读欲望。

[高考作文写作方法：新颖标题的拟法

自信上考场

自信是写好作文的先决条件，相信自己就不会怯场，不怯场才能使自己的思维处于最佳状态，潜在的能力得以充分地调动。

首尾亮起来

开篇立论的好彩头，在第一时间抓住阅卷老师的眼球，是高考作文赢得高分的关键。而结尾的感染力和吸引力，同样是拿分的一大重点。

行文如流水

在语言运用上，除平时要求外，还应特别注意要善于调动各种修辞手段，如比喻形象、对偶华美、排比蓄势、对照鲜明、反复强调、设问抑扬、反语讽刺、暗示等等。此外，长句短句错综搭配，雅句俗语相得益彰，也可使文章生色。

字迹要清楚

高考语文试卷是网上阅卷，潦草的字迹、不洁的卷面有可能给阅卷人带来的不愉悦所产生的后果是可想而知的，如果字迹不清，丢失的可就不只是几分了。

开头结尾都要精彩

开头和结尾的写作大有讲究。 一般来说，文章开头力求做到一简二美三有哲理。简，就是开篇语言简洁，直奔主题，使阅卷老师一目了然;美，就是开头的语言能给人以美感，或文采斐然，或意境深远，或情趣盎然，那么，必会打动阅卷教师的心;哲理，是一种深度，一种高度，如果都做到了，那效果肯定错不了。

高考作文由于受时间和字数的限制，开头最好采用“开门见山”的写法：或“落笔入题”，说明写作缘由;或“开宗明义”，揭示全文主题;或“言归正传”，快速开讲故事;或“单刀直入”，挑明论敌谬说。也可以采用“形象化”的写法：或描写环境，以引出人物;或抒发感情，以渲染气氛;或先叙故事，以引出深刻道理;或借诗词谣谚，以为叙事的开端。好的开头，新颖生动，引人入胜。

按时写作文

150分钟的语文测试时间，应该留出60-70分钟的时间作文。时间充足，心中不慌，文思才会泉涌;否则仓促成文，难免丢三落四。

细心审题目

命题作文，审题时一定要抓住题目中的关键词语，并进一步展开合理的联想，才能真正把握题目的实质。材料和话题作文，要弄清楚在材料作文与话题作文中，命题者所提供材料的不同作用。在材料作文中，所提供的材料既是考生作文立意的出发点，又是归宿点。考生一定要读懂题干，做点分析，明确主旨，再去下笔，确保万无一失。

精心选文体

高考作文一般不限文体，这给了考生很大的选择文体的自由，考生应该掌握文体选择的基本原则：一是采用该话题更适宜的文体写作;二是采用考生本人更擅长的文体作文。自己擅长，行文才会得心应手、游刃有余。

心中有模式

考生心中要有文章的基本结构式：议论文，破题开篇+分析论证+结题收篇;供料议论文的基本结构式：引材开篇+析材明理+联材写事+点材收篇;写事记叙文的基本结构式：事件发生(清楚明白)+事件发展(生动曲折)+事件结局(含蓄启迪);写人记叙文的基本结构式：契入(用外貌、语言、环境、细节入题)+铺垫(简述几个事件)+高潮(详叙典型事件)+点化(用点睛的议论或抒情句收束)等等，上述结构式不是一成不变的，可以演绎出许多的变式来。

巧思出新意

为体现可写性的命题原则，高考的作文不管是命题作文，还是话题作文大多都是宽泛的。例如《责任》这样的题目，范围太宽，无从下笔，这样的题目就要去窄作。所谓窄作，就是对题目所涉及的内容进行修饰、限制，然后再针对被限制后的某个侧面扩大其内涵。若从“我们当代青年的责任”这个角度去写，可能就容易多了。

素材书中找

要写好一篇考场作文，除了掌握写作模式，还要有写作素材。当你在考场上因缺少素材而抱笔时，可别忘了你学过的语文课本!那里有你取之不尽，用之不竭的素材。

主旨要明确

高考作文主旨不要过于含蓄。由于时间的限制，阅卷老师不会慢慢地斟字酌句，所以如果写记叙文，不管叙事多么生动，也要在行文中适当地用一两句抒情或议论语句点明文章主旨，让阅卷老师一目了然;议论文力求事例简洁新鲜，说理充分，紧扣主旨。文章要实实在在，不要过于另类，在明示主旨的基础上，张扬个性。

导语：2017年1月10日，重庆一名老人倒地受伤。女医生谭永超正好从旁边过，马上跪地按压急救，直至救护车到来，老人最终化险为夷。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

历史无非就是问题的消亡和解决，现实也无非是问题的存在和发展。从辩证法的角度看待我们所处的世界，本身就是一个不断发现问题、解决问题的过程。关键是要把问题放在中国的现实语境中观察，与国情对接、跟现实对表。

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

2017年1月10日，重庆一名老人倒地受伤。女医生谭永超正好从旁边过，马上跪地按压急救，直至救护车到来，老人最终化险为夷。报道说，女医生的丈夫在那一瞬心里转过很多念头，老人身份不明、伤情不明、受伤原因也不确定啊!况且胸外心脏按压急救动作幅度、频率都比较大，妻子怀孕6个月了，不宜做剧烈运动……谭医生却没有丝毫犹豫，说这是做医生的习惯，见到病人就要冲上去。现场抢救的照片被人拍下上传网络，网友们点赞如潮。都夸：好医生啊!

请全面理解材料内涵，也可以选择一个角度，联系生活实际构思作文，但不可脱离材料的含意。

要求：立意自定，内容自选，题目自拟，除诗歌外，文体不限。

材料没有难度，一个身份不明的伤者，一位善良的医生，一名体贴的丈夫，一群热心的网友，一个有温度的故事。但如何让善念形成本能反应，如何挖掉恶行背后的养成土壤，值得我们深思。

站在谭永超医生的角度：①让善行成为习惯，让善念成为本能。②救死扶伤是医生的天职，恪守职责是公民基本的道德规范。

站在谭医生丈夫的角度：①小爱在左，大爱在右;患得患失，常常让人见义而不为。②见义勇为与理性同行，应建立在现实条件的基础上。

站在网友的角度：①让正能量化作时代的洪流;惩恶扬善，人人有责。②见贤思齐，见不贤而内自省也。③心存善念，爱满天下。

综合的角度：①每个公民既要守住真善，塑造自我，更要关爱他人，惠及社会。②道德选择离不开平时的养成。③勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之。④铲除恶行滋生的土壤。

导语：人生的价值就是在这世界上留下有意义的东西。如果自己给予历史的是空白,则个人生命也就黯淡无光,毫无意义。下面是yuwenmi小编为备考的同学准备的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

我们人在这个浩瀚的宇宙中好比一粒灰尘,人的一生在茫茫的宇宙空间也只是短短的一瞬,然而,要让这一瞬释放出耀眼的光芒,必须用一生来奉献,甚至是用宝贵的生命来奉献。奥斯特洛夫斯基那段广为传颂的名言就阐述了这样的道理：人只有对社会有所奉献,一生奋斗不息,才能自豪地感受到自我存在的价值。人不可能都享受名扬世界的荣誉,但奉献的快乐却可以为千千万万的人所享受。

奉献就是黄继光用自己的胸膛堵住敌人的炮火;奉献就是居里夫人用自己的青春热血点亮科学的殿堂;奉献就是老师在教堂上无私奉献,鞠躬尽瘁;奉献就是春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干;生活处处体现着爱的奉献。

现在有些人认为奉献是愚蠢的,只有"多捞多得"才是生命的价值。这种说法实质上是把生命的价值与金钱划等号。从历史的进程看,这种人生观是卑微和落后的。马克思说："从金钱中获得解放,也就是现代的自我解放。"如果把追求金钱与享乐看作生命的价值,那无异于用一根根金条缚住自己的手脚,只剩下一张贪婪的嘴来"吃"社会的财富。与那些用双手对社会做出贡献的人相比,他们的生命毫无价值。

公交车上,给孕妇老人让座赢来一阵掌声;花园里,把地上的纸屑捡起,得到一声夸奖;学校里,与没带钱的同学分享自己的午餐,听到一声“谢谢”,这是多么美好的。这样的人生才有价值。

让座是一种奉献,爱护环境是一种奉献,分享也是一种奉献。奉献是点滴的、默默的,但正是从这样的奉献中,我们感到了生命的充实,我们的价值得到了人民的承认。因为我们平凡的奉献,不仅已溶入了历史前进的洪流中,并且也陶冶了个人的高尚情操。也许你的奉献是那么微不足道,但你的奉献会给大家久久的温暖。也许你的奉献会令别人感激万分,但奉献是不需要回报的。我们需要做的,是将爱的奉献传递下去。

同学们,当你看见无助的盲童在马路边上,请扶他过去;当你看见年迈的老爷爷走在路上,请扶他一把;当你看见同学摔在地上,请轻轻拍掉他身上的泥土,为他人奉献你的一份份关怀与爱吧!

人生的价值就是在这世界上留下有意义的东西。如果自己给予历史的是空白,则个人生命也就黯淡无光,毫无意义。

现在,奉献的圣火也已经随着奥运会的圣火,传递到了我们身边,让我们举着圣火,义不容辞的投入到这个温暖,充满着奉献气息的城市中,将爱与关怀奉献到每个人的心中,点亮他们心中的黑暗吧!

记叙文在高考作文中越来越受到青睐是大家有目共睹的，相对于议论文来说，记叙文有其自身的优势，因为考生受思维能力和阅历的限制，很难在有限的时间内写出有真知灼见的文章的；而记叙文则不同，只要把事情说清楚或者把人写活就可以了。

虽然任何一种文体本身没有优劣之分，只是相对于特定年龄阶段的高中生来说，散文是最好写的，因为现在高考的文体不限，导致很多学生不分文体，而散文形式 自由，是融记叙、议论、抒情、说明和描写等于一体的。并且散文题材广泛，凡是日常生活中的所见所闻所感所思均可入题。因此，我们认为，记叙文写作可以散文 化，由于它取材广泛，摇曳多姿，艺术表现形式丰富多样，如同五彩斑斓的风景画，让人陶醉，让人喜爱。

在记叙文写作时，应防止犯以下的错误：

一、记叙文容易写成流水账。

很多学生在写记叙文时不能把握好哪里该详写哪里该略写，哪里需要浓墨重泼哪里需要惜金如墨，因此没有轻重主次之分，把事情原原本本的写下来。又因为受字数的限制（800多字），本身有没有细节描写的意识，所以写出的记叙文往往只有结果而无过程。

二、记叙文容易犯叙事低幼化的毛病。

由于受生活阅历的限制，学生一写作文就无话可说，在抓耳挠腮之余，不得不求助于珍藏在记忆深处的童年时代或小学生活。当然不是不可以写童年或小 学，而是需要注意叙述角度和口吻的把握，很多同学在叙述的时候完全变成了一个七八岁或十几岁的孩子了，所思所感幼稚的很。要记住，有些事情以儿童 的眼光来看可能很有趣，可能是刻骨铭心的，但现在所写的文章是给成年人来看的（阅卷老师），因此此类文章得分很低。

三、记叙文一旦追求写出波澜容易走上不合理虚构的歧途。

现实生活很平淡，少有惊天动地的事情可写。而作为考场作文，平铺直叙的文章是不可能得到阅卷老师的青睐的；而学生为了叙述的引人入胜，为了结果的 出人意料，往往会无中生有，编造故事。由于生活阅历的缺乏，生活常识的匮乏，所编的故事常常破绽百出、捉襟见肘。因此记叙文写作就陷入两难的地步：不 虚构吧，情节平淡，不能引人入胜；虚构吧，生活经验不足，细节不真实，也难以引人入胜。

记叙文散文化的优点：

一、散文表达方式的多样化，不至于写出被人贬为文体不分的四不像的文章。

由于话题作文的不限制文体，导致了很多学生文体不分。在写作时没有问题意识，写出的文章就四不像。而散文则不同，她可以记叙，可以抒情，可以议论， 可以描写，可以说明。如果以叙事为主，就是叙事散文；如果以抒情为主，就是抒情散文；如果以说理为主，就是说理散文。不至于被阅卷人评为记叙文不像记叙 文，议论文不像议论文而得分不高。

二、散文的特点是形散而神不散，因此记叙文可以围绕一个话题，方便考场构思。

考场时间有限，环境特殊，一般很难进行缜密的思维，更不用说写出令人拍案叫绝的文章了。但是散文可以凭借文体自身的优势，进行发散思维，只要事物有那么 一点联系都可以被写进文章，只要适当的点一下题，就不会被人贬为跑题。并且，如果思维能够全方位发散，说不定还被认为是有创造、有新意的一类文呢。

三、在记事、抒情和议论中，可以阐发一点小感悟和小哲理，容易写出自我独特感受。

文章关键是写出个性。如果写记叙文，学生年龄相仿、阅历相当，所经历的事情相似，很难写出新意来；如果写议论文，高中生分析能力受认识水平、生活阅历限 制，往往是观点加材料，罗列事例，缺少分析，尤其缺少辩证分析，这样的议论文平淡无奇，很容易让阅卷老师产生厌烦感。因此，散文则可以根据自己的所思所 感，写出一点小感想，抒发一点小哲理，个性的表达自己的看法，写出个性，写出新意。

例如下面一段文字，就是记叙文散文化的佳作：

我曾站在故乡坍圮了半壁的城墙上，望着披着袅袅晨雾的日出，听着黛绿色树影中呼啸而过的火车声响，独自彷徨，忽然看见稻田里那绰绰弯曲的背影，想起不远 处耕种的爹娘，手心的汗浸透了这薄薄却很沉重的几张素宣，心中悄悄旋起一股小小的龙卷风。无论我所向往的地方，是绝域萧条的山川大江，还是细雨潺潺梦境跌 落的山冈，是铁血班驳的断章还是沉默的寂亡，是逶迤的一马平川还是弯曲踞蹐的千沟万壑，是波涛汹涌惊涛骇浪，还是像我以前那样徒增马齿一如既往的凭依栏 杆，一任阶前点滴到天亮。

无论怎样，我都不想再对未来的天堂多做幻想，我也想许下亘古不变的诺言，我也想抛开一切荒芜与苍凉，我也想 象惊寒的大雁一样摆个大大的人字，兀傲的让眼皮下庸碌的万物抬头仰望。可是谁来告诉我，谁能？谁允许？连时间都会不屑的讥讽我，休想。嘴角蜷缩着一丝苍凉 的苦笑，我何尝不是那些昂着头仰望的庸碌中的一颗沙砾。突然想起张爱玲《倾城之恋》中白流苏对范柳原说的一段话，你们外归的人好，初次瞧见这里的人事， 再坏些，再脏些，是你外面的人，外面的东西。你若是混在那里头长大了，你怎么分的清，哪一部分是他们，哪一部分是你。

The Duanwu Festival, which is also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is an

ancient Chinese traditional festival, celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth

lunar month. For thousands of years, various celebrating activities are held all

around the country. Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats are the most pertinent

ones, which are said to be in memory of Qu Yuan, a great poet. In some places,

people spread realgar wine on the children in the hope of protecting them from

the evil spirits. Many people consider May as an especially dangerous time for

diseases in a year, and therefore they hang moxa and calamus and things like

that around the doors to ward off evil and diseases and pray for good luck.

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

一、常规结构方法

1.记叙文结构比较灵活，开头、结尾、过渡，都有一定的讲究。如开头的方式有：开门见山式、设置悬念式、气氛渲染式、环境描述式、结果交代式等;结尾的方式有：呼应开头式、议论抒情式、自然结束式、戛然而止式等;构思的方法有：欲扬先抑法、埋下伏笔法、正反衬托法、虚实相应法、误会巧合法、设置悬念法等。

2.议论文结构一般有引论——本论——结论。引论的方式有：揭示论点式、引用名言式、设问启示式、叙述事实式、对比争议式、描述靶子式等;本论的方式有：分论点并列式、层层递进式、正反对照式;结论的方式有：卒章明志式、问题启发式、希望号召式等。

3.说明文结构一般为“总分总”或“总分”“分总”式。说明对象不同，说明展开的方式也常常不同。如动态说明常用时间顺序，静态说明常用空间顺序，事理说明常用逻辑顺序，可以用因果式、分类式、比较式、层进式等方式说明。

二、创新结构方法

1.片段结构

文章在结构上由看似独立的几个片段又能围绕同一主题而展开。

这种片段结构的主要特点是结构自由，可以避免起承转合，平铺直叙，使写作更为便利、容易;各片段相对独立，但又可以从不同角度，不同侧面来描述人物、事件，表达主题，丰富了文章的内容;表达形式更为自由灵活。

如作文《大自然三章》就是以片段结构的形式，将自然中的“鸟的心事”“蓝天的担忧”“鱼儿的规劝”的感慨组合成文，表达了对人与自然和谐相处的期望。

2.借用文体

写话题作文时文体不限，这时借用一些特殊的文体表现主题，往往能出奇制胜。这些特殊的体裁包括某些文学体裁，如小说、寓言、戏剧、童话、杂文等;某些应用文体如讲演稿、书信、日记、采访录、调查报告、现场演播、新闻报道以及某些领域内所专用的文体，如医疗诊断书、说明书、广告、调查报告、判决书、招标书等等。

考生可以根据自己的爱好与擅长来选择文体，扬长避短，取得创新的效果。这方面的例子很多，均因结构有新意，被评为满分作文或一类作文。

例如广东省一位考生以猪八戒奋不顾身下井救小孩为被评论对象，让代表社会上种种不正确名利观的“嘉宾”一一亮相，以现场演播的形式演绎主题。作者设计的现场为“敢讲敢说”演播室，主持人为“崔人进”，主题为“猪八戒能否得2017年度感动心灵奖”，“嘉宾”为“感动评委会成员、八戒亲友团、各界代表”，还特别注明“唐僧师徒亲自出席，高老庄乡亲组成了亲友团，嫦娥作为评委出席”，开始时还“先看大屏幕”，作为现场演播的程序都出现在文章中，给人以强烈的现场感。读后，我们仿佛置身于电视转播现场，被文章独特新颖的表现形式所深深吸引。

3.故事新编

故事新编就是对人们熟悉的经典故事进行改造，在原有情节的基础上再创作、加工，即对原故事进行改写、续写，或者借用历史人物、经典故事中的人物形象来表达现实生活的内容和主题。采用这种方法的好处是，取材便利，方便构思，易于出新;可以起到借古喻今的效果，使文章显得轻松、风趣。

如《新愚公和智叟的故事》一文，作者将一个尽人皆知的故事加以改造，构思颇为新颖、巧妙。湖南考生写的《西游记后传》，作者将西游记进行了一番续写与改写，演绎了师徒四人取经的离奇故事，文章把大唐灭亡的原因归咎于唐玄宗没有读取回来的真经，故事新颖，立意深远，实在是一篇绝妙的佳作。

4.特殊的视角

观察的角度不同，会有不同的效果。所以我们可以采用一些特殊的视角来叙述故事，表达主题。特殊的视角是指普通人以外的特殊人物，或者动物、植物等人类以外的事物的视角。另外，还可以选择多主体视角，比如一个故事设几个主人公，每个人都站出来表述这个故事。采用特殊视角可以使文章达到新奇的效果，造成一种新鲜感，使描写不落俗套，令人耳目一新。

例如广东的一位考生写的《月光下的一只孤老虎》一文，作者采用特殊视角，以一只老虎的口吻自述悲剧，引起人们对野生动物生存环境的关注。贵州的一位考生写的《给地球人的一封公开信》一文，作者采用特殊的视角，以特殊主体——外星人的口吻叙事议论，表明对人类破坏环境的尖锐批评。

5.镜头式结构

有些作文材料并不新鲜，但一些聪明的同学能借助电影蒙太奇的手法，通过镜头组合、画面切换以及画外音等形式来展示作文丰富的内涵。这样的文章往往因形式的新颖、结构的巧妙而平中见奇，令人耳目一新。

比如，题为《生活中的亮点》的作文：文章运用蒙太奇的表现手法，剪切生活中四个镜头来表现“亮”。作者将生活中的四个场景，分别标示出地点(小巷中——街头——商店中——回家路上)，就像一部电影剧本，新颖的结构形式，给人以全新的感觉。镜头式结构，往往能减少过渡及铺垫文字，有利于集中笔墨叙述事件、刻画人物，从而使文章主题更集中，节奏更明快。

6.问答式结构

以“提问”和“回答”来组成文章，新鲜别致。其中的“问”实际是作者的提问，组成文章的纲目;其中的“答”，就是文章的主体，这样的结构，可以设计成互问互答，也可以设计成自问自答。

比如，题为《挫折四问》的作文，作者以四问四答的形式布控全文结构，“挫折是什么”“挫折真的存在吗”“挫折与成功的界限在哪里”“挫折给我什么启示”四个“问”形成了一个逐层深入的议论阶梯，使得文章结构井然，给人一气呵成之感。

7.一线串珠式结构

面对复杂的事情、繁多的内容，最有效的方式莫过于用一条线索把有关材料贯串起来，使之浑然一体。这个线索，可以是某个人，可以是某一事物，可以是某一事件，也可以是人物思想感情的发展变化，或者是时间的推移、地点的转换等等。

作文线索的设置，要注意两点：一是所设置的线索，要能联系文章各部分，把组织材料和表达主题统一起来;二是线索要有始有终，贯串到底。

写作技巧在写作活动中的具有极其重要的作用。小编收集了2018年高考作文指导：如何训练写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

第一，写作技巧是实现作者写作意图的重要条件。一般来说，作者的写作活动都具有一定的写作意图。所谓的写作意图，就是指作者打算在文章或作品中表达什么样的生活和思想内容，以及通过这种表达达到什么目的。而要使这一写作意图圆满实现，就必须依靠写作技巧。

第二，写作技巧是构成文学作品艺术性的内在因素。文学作品的艺术性，即文学作品反映社会生活或表达思想感情所达到的完美程度。这种艺术性的取得，决定于作者的世界观、创作方法和写作技巧。在具体的作品中，艺术性表现在作家在一定世界观的指导下，运用各种写作手法，创造出具有审美价值的艺术意境我典型形象，从而给读者带来审美愉悦。文学作品的艺术性虽不同于形式美，但它更多地体现在与内容和谐统一的艺术形式之中，而艺术形式的完美创造，则依靠写作技巧。

那么什么是写作技巧的操作训练呢?

(一)师法生活

生活是写作的源泉，丰富多采的大自然和人类社会，不仅为我们提供了取之不尽的写作材料，而且为我们提供了生动鲜活的关于写作形式与写作技巧的深刻启示。例如，巧合与悬念，往往是某些生活事件展示在人们面前时固有形式或“手法”;对比与映衬，常常是构成大自然优美景观及“艺术”美感的重要因素和“手段”;“人有悲欢离合，月有阴睛圆缺”作文人网 你也可以投稿，人生和自然的规律中寓含着曲折美、变化美、节奏美;“蝉鸣林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽”，常见的景象中包含着动与静相反相成的艺术辨证法则……因此，我们学习写作技巧，必须首先向生活学习。只有勤于观察生活，深入体验生活，才能使自己的写作技巧真正得到提高。

(二)阅读、借鉴

即从古今中外的优秀文章(以及音乐、绘画等艺术形式)中汲取营养。凡优秀的文章，内容和形式的完美程度都较高，其写作技巧往往是娴熟而又富于创造性。多读优秀的文章，在注意思想内容的同时，注意其写作技巧，看作者是运用哪些来表现思想内容，实现写作意图的，并且分析这些写作手法的具体运用情况及其所取得的写作效果。在此基础上，还应结合实际(写作者自身的思想和艺术修养的实际与题材和表现对象的实际)进一步思考，看哪些手法可以“拿来”，经过改造为我所用。这样，久而久之，潜移默化，自己的写作技巧，自然会有所提高。

(三)经常练笔

这是具有本质意义的技巧“操作训练”。清人唐彪写道：“谚云，‘读十篇不如做一篇’。盖常作则机关熟，题虽甚难，为之亦易;不常做，则理路生，题虽甚易，为之则难。沈虹野云：‘文章硬涩由于不熟，不熟由于不多做。’信哉言乎!”多写才能熟，熟才能生巧，这是不可更易的规律，任何企图改变或超越这一规律的人，永远也掌握不了写作技巧，永远也写不出好文章。只有经常写，反复写，才可能在写作者身上固定下一个写作技巧的“概括化系统”，一个“自动化的”写作“行动方式”。懂得了这一点，我们就会懂得那些语言艺术大师们为什么谆谆劝诫“我们大家都应该写、写、写，写得尽量多”了。

写作技巧的掌握是有一个过程的。这个过程可以分为两个阶段。一是“技能”阶段，一是“熟练”阶段。“技能”阶段，是无法之中求有法，能过观察、体验、多读、多写，学习并掌握了一些写作的基本手法，且能将它们运用于写作实践。这是掌握写作技巧的第一阶段。“熟练”阶段，是有法之中求变化。在第一阶段的基础上，进而掌握了包括写作的辨证艺术在内的多种写作手法，并能将它们纯熟自如、富于创造性地运用于写作实践。这是掌握写作技巧的第二阶段。古人说：“学诗当识活法。”“所谓活法者，规矩具备，而能出于规矩之外;变化不测，而亦不背规矩也。”识得“活法”，并能运用“活法”是掌握写作技巧第二阶段的重要标志。

掌握写作技巧，对写作具有重要的意义，任何否定写作技巧在写作中的客观作用的观点无疑是错误的。但是，我们也不能把技巧绝对化，走到唯技巧论的极端。因为，决定文章价值的主要因素，还是内容，脱离了丰富而深刻的内容，文章的审美价值乃至艺术性，也就不复存在了。这一点，尤其应该引起初学写作者的重视。

以下是《九年级英语作文:我和哥哥的历险记》翻译。

It was sunny that day. Our parents were out, so there were only my brother and me at home. We were bored. So we decided to go boating. We played happily. But when we went to the middle of the river, the weather changed. It rained suddenly. We didn t bring umbrella and our boat was bamboo raft. As the rain was more and heavier, we were afraid to sink in the river. We tried our best to make our boat in shore. But our bamboo raft had more water on it. I was afraid to die. My brother was also very anxious. At that time, my mother came and she pulled us back to the ground. It was thrilling.

那是一个晴天。我们的父母都出去了，所以只有我和哥哥在家。我们很无聊。所以我们决定去划船。我们玩的很开心。但当我们走到河中央时，天气变了。突然下起雨来。我们没带伞，而且我们的船还竹排。由于雨越来越大，我们担心会沉到河里去。我们尽力使我们的船靠岸。但是竹筏上的水越来越多。我害怕死了。我哥哥也很着急。那时，我妈妈来了来了，她把我们拉回到地面。真的惊心动魄啊。

下面是由语文网为大家整理的高分英语写作九大攻略，希望对你有帮助。

一、文章及段落起始常用的过渡词语

to begin with 首先

【例】To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas. 首先，在公共场合应该禁烟。

first of all 第一，首先

【例】First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty. 第一，在偏远地区许多人还生活在贫困中。

in the first place 首先

【例】In the first place, she can read at the rate of 100 words a minute. 首先，她能每分钟阅读100字。

generally speaking 总体上讲

【例】Generally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you can write in English. 总体上讲，练习地越多，你用英文写作就越熟练。

二、文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语

therefore, thus 因此

【例】Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. Therefore, we can work more efficiently.

锻炼可以帮助我们增强体质及保持清醒的头脑。因此，我们能够更有效率地工作。

in conclusion 总之，最后

【例】In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.

最后，全世界人民都应该意识到水资源短缺的现状，保护现有水资源并科学地开发潜在资源。

in brief 简言之

【例】In brief, birth control is of vital importance in China.

简言之，计划生育对中国来说是十分重要的。

to sum up 总而言之

【例】To sum up, out of sight, out of mind.

总而言之，眼不见，心不烦。

in a word 总之

【例】In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film adapted from it.

总之，读原著胜过看基于它改编的电影。

三、常用表示先后次序的过渡词语

first 第一;second 第二;next 其次，然后;eventually 最后，最终;since then 自此以后;afterward 以后，随后;meanwhile 同时;therefore 因而;immediately 立刻;finally 最后，最终

四、常用表示因果关系的过渡词语

accordingly 于是;for this reason 由于这个原因;as a result of 作为……结果;in this way 这样;consequently 结果，因此;due to 由于……; therefore 因而;because of 因为;thus因为;thanks to 由于

【例】When playing sports, you need to judge your competitor’s strategy and revise yours accordingly. 参加体育活动时，你需要判断对手的策略并相应调整你的策略。

五、常用表示比较和对比的过渡词语

in contrast with 和……成对照;similarly 同样;whereas 然而;on the contrary 相反; different from与……不同;likewise同样; equally important 同样重要; on the other hand 另一方面;however 然而

【例】On the one hand, tonics will make us put on weight, which does harm to our health, but on the other hand, they can help refresh us.

一方面，补品会使我们变胖，这对我们健康不利。但另一方面，补品又能使我们有精神。

六、常用表示举例的过渡词语

a case in point 恰当的例子;for example 举例;namely( that is ) 即，这就是说;for instance 举例

【例】A case in point is the water control project along the Yangtze River.

一个恰当的例子就是长江沿线的水控项目。

七、有关描写图表的过渡词语

during this time 在此期间

【例】During this time, more women took various jobs. 在此期间，更多的妇女找到了各种各样的工作。

apart from 除了……之外

【例】Apart from the figures, the information below the table also suggests the growth of production. 除了数据之外，表格下面的信息同样也反应了生产量的增长。

compared with 与……相比较

【例】Compared with the percentage of the base year, it jumped by 15 percent. 与基准年相比，上升了百分之十五。

from the above table/ chart/ graph 根据上图 (表) 所示

【例】From the above chart, it can be seen that changes do occur in society. 从上面的图表来看社会确实发生了变化。

八、常用表示强调的过渡词语

furthermore 此外;moreover 而且;besides 此外;in fact 实际上;also 而且，也;indeed 的确;again 另外，还;in particular 尤其，特别;naturally 当然，自然，必然

【例】Naturally, he denied that he had committed the crime. 他必然不承认自己犯罪了。

九、逻辑连接词语

先后次序关系：second; last but not the least; seeing …

原因、结果关系：so …; as a result of this; consequently; in consequence

转折关系：even though; though; regardless of

并列关系：also; as well as; either…or…

递进关系：not only…but also…; in order to do it …; accordingly

比较关系：when in fact …; similarly; compared with

对比关系：on the contrary; contrary to; conversely

举例关系：as he explains; like; put it simply; for one thing … for another …

强调关系：particularly; to be true; other things being equal

条件关系：if so; if possible; provide that

归纳总结关系：in brief; in short; the conclusion can be drawn that …

实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为 “Being a Good Listener” 的英文演讲稿。

注意：

1、 对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

2、 词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

3、 演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。

Good afternoon, everyone.

大家下午好。

The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”.

今天我演讲的题目是“做一个好听众”。

Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship.

善于倾听，能表现出尊重，增进理解，增进人际关系。

Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children, so they will understand them better, and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed.

许多人认为父母应该多听他们的孩子，这样他们就会更好地理解他们，并发现很容易缩小代沟；教师应该多听他们的学生，然后他们可以满足他们的需要更好，并把自己在一个良好的关系，学生，学生应该多听他们的同学，从而他们将帮助和相互学习，和友谊可能会形成。

What I want to stress is that each of us should listen to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.

我想强调的是，我们每个人都应该听从别人的要求。表现出你的尊重，从不停止别人的谈话，表明你对一个支持性的沉默或是一个微笑的微笑很感兴趣；对不同意见的人持开放态度，即使你不喜欢他们。用一个词，好的听力可以使我们彼此接近。

Thank you for your listening!

谢谢你的聆听！

这是一篇感情真挚、热情洋溢的演讲稿，文中大量运用排比句型，不但准确流畅地表达出题目中所提供的信息，而且体现出作者熟练运用英语的能力以及不俗的文采。第三段中所使用的相同结构的复合句式，将倾听的对象及其作用阐述得淋漓尽致;而第四段中用一系列的祈使句议论应如何倾听，则更进一步地增强了这篇演说稿的说服力。

Every Chinese knows the importance of the college entrance examination, so the high school students always can feel the stress from that exam, especially when that day is nearby. Some students will not do as well as usual because of heavy stress. It is necessary to adjust their mood well before the exam. They should not give too much pressure to themselves, instead of having usual heart. Then they can do in working order. To reach this goal, they can spare time to do some sports or just go running and keep telling themselves that the exam can’t decide their future, so they try their best would be OK and no one will blame them. The purpose is make them feel relax, as the status of relax is the best state for achieving good marks in the exam. It is helpful.

每个中国人都知道高考的重要性，所以，高考生常常能够感受到高考给予他们的压力，特别是高考即将来临的时候。有些学生会因为压力而在考试中发挥失常。在考试前调节好心情非常有必要。他们不应该给自己太大的压力，而是应该以平常心对待。这样才能正常发挥。所以，可以选择挤一点时间去运动或者跑跑步或者自我催眠高考并不能决定自己的未来，只要尽自己最大的努力就可以了，也没有人会责怪自己的。这样做的目的是让他们放松，因为放松是在考试中取得好成绩最好的状态。这个方法真的有用。

1、我们早上7点在校门口集合。

We will gather at the school gate at seven in the morning.

2、我们7：30出发。

We will set off at 7:30.

3、我们将乘公共汽车去。

We will go there by bus.

4、在那儿的饭店吃午饭。

Lunch will be served in the restaurant there.

5、我们将参观那儿的工厂和学校。

We will visit the factories and schools there.

6、然后，我们将和当地的农民聊天。

After that, we will chat with the farmers there.

7、一个小时后，我们去钓鱼。

An hour later, we will go fishing.

8、旅行的费用由学生自己承担。

The cost of the trip will be paid by the students themselves.

9、我们下午5点才能回到学校。

We won’t return to our school until 5:00 p.m.

10、我将全程陪同。

I will be in your company all the way.