初中英语说明文思维导图（合集20篇）

①1782年4月，法国巴黎的一位采石工人劈开了一块巨大的石头，眼前的一幕让他惊呆了：石头里面藏着4只蟾蜍，它们竟然都还活着。石头被劈开后，这4只蟾蜍蹦了出来，看起来还很有活力。

②科学家对这里的石灰岩层进行了科学测定，证实它们形成于100多万年之前，也就是说这4只蟾蜍在石层中已经冬眠100多万年了。

③这件事让人们大为惊诧，这4只蟾蜍竟然能活100多万年！它们是怎么在这100多万年里保持着生命的活力的呢？

④我们谁都渴望长寿，可是人类和其他动物的寿命都是有限的。一只狗可以活15年到20年，一匹马可以活30年到40年。无论是人类还是动物，生命都是有限的。一般来说，人的生命极限为200至250年，而普通的蟾蜍的生命极限也只是10年。

⑤可是这4只小小的蟾蜍竟然能够挑战生命的极限，存活了100万年，这令人唏嘘不已。

⑥面对这样的生命奇迹，人们不禁要问：“在如此漫长的时间内，这些蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下，是怎么维持生命的呢？这些能生存百万年的老寿星们，它们是怎么修炼出长寿秘诀的呢？”

⑦有科学家分析说，可能是这些动物在冬眠的时候地壳发生了变动，它们所在的淤泥变成了岩石，这些岩石虽然看起来很坚固，其实存在着不少微小缝隙，所以水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，它们便可以生存了。但是，动物要维系生命，还需要一定的热量，尽管蟾蜍或青蛙在冬眠时热量消耗非常低，但它们自身的热量，无论如何也无法维持数千年甚至数万年之久啊！

⑧有科学家解释说，蟾蜍能经过上百万年仍有生命体征，得益于它们生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下。封存它们的岩层或矿层就是这样一个恒温的环境。在这样的环境下，它们不会受到任何外界的刺激，天气阴晴冷暖、四季交替对它们都没有什么影响。蟾蜍实际上等于把生命贮藏了起来，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。

⑨还有科学家认为，蟾蜍长寿是因为它们体内有一种甘油在起作用。美国的一位科学家就曾做过这样的实验：他先把几只快要冬眠的青蛙放到零下6度的环境中，一周之后，他给青蛙慢慢地提高温度解冻，并检查青蛙的肌肉成分，结果发现它们的肌肉中多了一种甘油。所以他认为，蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

⑩另有一些科学家认为，上述解释都还不够充分。迄今为止，对于蟾蜍和青蛙如何长久维持生命的问题，科学家们还没有形成一致的结论。但随着生物科学的迅速发展，相信这个谜团最终会被解开，这可能还会对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用呢。

(选自2014年2期《学生天地 》初中版)

1.对于蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下得以长寿的原因，科学家有哪几种解释？请作简要概括。

2.选文第③段中加着重号的“这件事”指代什么？

3.选文第④段加线句运用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？

4.简析第⑩段加着重号的词语“可能”的作用。

参考答案：

1.①包裹蟾蜍的岩石存在着不少微小缝隙，水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，蟾蜍便可以生存了。②蟾蜍生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。③蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

2.4只蟾蜍在一块巨大的石头里活了100多万年。

3.用列数字的说明方法，真实具体地说明了一般动物的寿命是有限的。

4.“可能”表推测，说明蟾蜍长寿谜团被解开，也许对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用，“可能”体现出说明文语言的准确性、科学性特点。

Today I was sad because I was blamed. The day before yesterday, my father gave me a tast. He told me to finish math exercises and he would check today. I have to days to finish them. But I did not, because there was a football game yesterday. I was so tired, so I forgot them. Today, my father wanted to check my exercises. He found I did not finish, so he scolded me. He was angry and he do not let me play football anymore. I am afraid I cant play football anymore.

走在人生的道路上呈现在眼前的是五彩缤纷的世界，有喜、有悲、有痛、有伤……

关键是自己用怎样态度看待这些问题的。换个思维想想，对自己充满信心。不要被问题所干扰。

用自信的眼光看世界。让自己领会到希望的真谛。自信是成功的前提，没有自信，就没有向前的动力。要有自信心，这样就向成功迈了一大步。

用坚强的眼光看世界。世界上没有翻不过的山，没有过不去的路，没有划不过去的河。失败只是暂时的，在这之后，就是充满阳光的明天。谁走过的道路是全然无沙无石无荆棘的，谁的心不曾被焦灼和失望腐蚀？要坚强的去面对，克服所有困难。

用正确的心灵看世界。要正视所有问题。不要有失败后的失落，这是暂时的。这就像人生病一样，总有一天会好的。也不要有成功后的骄傲，这也是暂时的。一次失败不代表永远的失败，一个人不会永远沉在社会的低层。也没有永远的成功。一次成功不代表永远的成功，只有你在不懈的努力才有可能实现。

用乐观的心灵看世界。如果有人现在很饥饿，摆在他面前有半的面包，有的人会想：哎呀，还有半个面包。而有的人会想：怎么就有半个面包啊。两种不同的回到就能体现这个人是否乐观。当然，第一种回答是乐观的。也体现了这个人在以后遇到挫折会用什么心态去面对它。如果是乐观的，即使很大困难对你来说也是小小的问题。反之，再小的挫折对你来说比愚公移山更难。

换个思维看世界，一切都很美好。

换个思维看世界，看到了自己的不足。信心。还有美好的明天。

[初三说明文换个思维看世界

My name is Beth。 Im 14 years old， and I study in No。 1 Middle School of Hangzhou。 My school is very big and beautiful。 Im very happy in the school。

I usually get up at 6：15 in the morning。 Then I do morning exercises in the playground。 At 6：40， I have my breakfast。 You can see many students and teachers in the dinning room。 After breakfast， I often read English with my classmates。

We have six classes every day。 The first class begins at 7：50 am。 I like all the classes for my teachers can make the classes lively and interesting。 My favorite subject is English， so I join English Corner every week。 I can speak English with many other students there。 Its very interesting and exciting。 I think its helpful for me to learn English well。 After class， I always play games with my friends。 We play soccer ball，basketball， volleyball， ping—pong and so on。 They are very relaxing。

I like my lessons， my friends and my teachers。 In a word， I love my school。 I find my school life more and more meaningful and colorful。 My school life is wonderful， isnt it？

Water is the source of life.We cant live without water.However,with the

increasing population and industrial development,water pollution has become a

serious problem.Large amounts of wastewater go into rivers and seas directly

without being treated,which can be dangerous to people.Also lots of people pay

no attention to saving water in daily life,while in some place water is badly

needed.

Its time for us to take some measures to improve the situation.Factories

should treat the wastewater before letting it go into rivers.We can play a

positive role in saving water.For example we can reuse the water for wishing

rice to wash vegetables and then clean a mop.

这几天，我和妈妈一起去了西安。西安古色古香的景色真是让人过目不忘，我带你来看看吧。

第一天，我和妈妈一起去看秦兵马俑。

我早早就听说过秦始皇兵马俑的雄伟和壮观，但是不亲临其境还是难以体会到这种叹为观止的壮丽。

我从课文中了解到：兵马俑规模宏大。已发掘的三个俑坑，总面积达19120平方米，足有两个半足球场那么大，坑内有兵马俑近8000个。在三个俑坑中，一号坑最大，东西长230米，南北宽62米，总面积有14260平方米，坑里的兵马俑也最多，共有6000个左右。一号坑上面，现在已盖起了一座巨大的拱形大厅。走进大厅，人们无不为兵马俑的恢宏气势和高超的制作工艺所折服。站在高处鸟瞰，坑里的兵俑，马俑相间，一行行，一列列，十分整齐，排成了一个巨大的长方形军阵，看上去真像是秦始皇当年统率的一支南征北战，所向披靡的大军。真的是这样的吗?我怀着疑问去参观秦兵马俑。

我们一进大门口，就匆匆赶到了一号坑。我刚刚迈进一号坑，就被这雄伟壮丽的场景惊呆了。这成千上百的兵马俑密密麻麻，整整齐齐的排列在坑内。我们依次看到了将军俑，武士俑，骑兵俑，兵车俑，弓弩俑和马俑。他们个性鲜明，神态各异，千人千面，没有一个是重复的，真是让我大吃一惊。我听导游说，兵马俑的靴子前面翘的程度能看出他们的官职，靴子前面翘的越高就代表官位越大。这个小知识，我还是头一次听呢!

我们依次观看了1，2，3秦兵马俑展厅，我获得的知识可真不少，比如兵马俑这么高大，以前的人也长得这么壮实吗?其实不是，秦始皇希望自己的军队可以人强马壮，所以他把希望体现在了兵马俑上。

兵马俑雄伟壮丽，所向披靡，其中还有很多的奥秘等待我们去探索。

One day, just before going to school as usual, a schoolgirl , Xiao Fang complained to her father, who was reading a newspaper, saying school life nowadays was dull, she hated going to school and that school was just like the hell . On hearing what his daughter said , Father , silent all the time , said that it was time she went to school with all her complaints over , for in the father’s eyes , no one could change the present situation.

Theres no doubt that almost all students dislike school life today , but everyone has the responsibility to end the examination-oriented education . School life should be interesting and colorful , just as the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy ."

[初中英语作文校园生活

An Activity

Someone said here Lei Feng comes in March and goes in April. I thought they were wrong. This afternoon the students of our class went to the bus stop to help the drivers clean the buses.

As soon as the bus stopped at the station, a group of students got on it. Some cleaned the windows, some swept the floor, and others cleaned the wall inside. We worked hard while talking and laughing. When we found some coins lying on the floor, we picked them up and gave them to the conductors or the drivers.They were very happy and said, "It is very nice of you."

When I got home, it was five o’clock. I felt a little tired, but I was very happy to have done a good deed.

[初中初二英语作文

Protecting the Environment

In the last several decades, our earth has been extremely polluted, such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and so on. In recent years, the extreme weather becomes more and more frequent. Winter gets colder and summer becomes hotter and it rains more frequently. All of these warn us that protecting the environment is a serious and emergent event. As our general people, we should build proper lifestyle. We should pay attention to water and light saving. When we go out, we should firstly choose the public transportation. The most important is that we must realize that we can do a lot of things to protect our environment. Its our duty to make our home better. Let’s change from ourselves.

在过去的几十年里，我们的地球已经极度污染，比如大气污染，水污染以及噪音污染等等。近几年，极地气候越来越频繁。冬天越来越暖，夏天越来越热，还经常下雨。所有的这些都警示我们保护环境是一件严肃紧迫的事。作为普通老百姓，我们应该形成合适的生活方式。我们应该注意节约水电。出门的时候我们应该首选公共交通。最重要的是我们必须意识到我们可以做很多事情来保护我们的环境。使我们的家园变得更美好是我们的责任。让我们从自己开始改变。

[初中英语作文及翻译：保护环境

Beijing Forbidden City, the Ming and Qing dynasties of the palace. Located

in the center of Beijing. Ching Ming, said the Forbidden City in 1925, said

before the Forbidden City. Station area of 15 square meters. Is the worlds

largest and best preserved ancient palace complex. Is the highest level of

ancient Chinese architectural masterpiece

Forbidden City palace building is divided into the northern part of the

former southern part of post-sleep. Former are Wo, and in Bulgaria together the

three main hall, the emperor towards a receiving Chaohe, drawing ministers and

holding large ceremonies where the three main hall and also the tallest building

in the Forbidden City, showing their extraordinary the lofty status. After

Emperor Qin Shi Huang and Empress, funeral, Fei place to live, the emperor and

empress at the central axis of the palace residence, the Palace of the sides,

six Eastern Palaces and the Western Hospital said Liu Gong, for the aunt,

Princess live. After former sleep, clear division of labor, not easily crossed,

it reflects the Chinese ancient hierarchical, differentiated ethics.

Palace of ancient buildings, from the emperor Zhu Di himself planned

construction. Largest existing structure of the rigorous, beautiful decoration,

heritage of the many unique buildings in China, the world famous palace

complex.

水蜜桃在植物分类学上属于蔷薇科，桃属，桃亚属。

水蜜桃营养丰富，水蜜桃原生长于中国，回溯到西元前10世纪前，在当时的一些文学有记载着有关水蜜桃的文字。西方国家最早被发现有关于水蜜桃，那是大约在纪元前300年的时候，希腊的一位哲学家Theophrastus认为水蜜桃是来自波斯，因此就把水蜜桃称之为波斯苹果Persian(Iranian)apples。。在第一世纪，有罗马人提到他们从波斯进口水蜜桃，就假设水蜜桃到达欧洲是在公元0年。至于英国一直到西元1650年前都没有关于水蜜桃的记载。至于英文水蜜桃Peach则来自拉丁文prunuspersica。

而且我发现桃子的形状是椭圆形的，表面上还有一道凹进去的浅沟。而且，桃子的皮薄薄的，还长着小毛毛呢!桃子的颜色红彤彤的，可鲜艳了!你瞧，桃子上还带着晶莹的露珠呢!所以使桃子看起来非常诱人。我咬了一口桃子，哇噻，甜甜的汁使我感觉像吃了蜜一样。再咬一口，我感觉软软的还回味无穷，这些甜汁都流入了我的心田!

桃子又好吃又有营养，所以我们要多吃桃子!

Now the earth is yellow and the green is decreasing. Whats going on here? It turns out that people are cutting down trees, which not only causes the birds to lose their home, but also causes the collapse, the flood and so on. Without trees, our earth would seem to be missing a supporting beam.

Now each store all follow our hobby, mass production soda, and soda "appearance" is the jar and jar is a kind of pollution, the road, the park even schools have become their home. The cans are made of aluminum, which is also harmful to the human body.

You know what? Waste batteries contain a lot of heavy metal pollutants - chromium, lead, mercury, etc. The effects of pollution from used batteries are slow and profound. When they are mixed with ordinary household waste, under certain conditions, will produce a series of chemical reactions, slowly releasing toxic substances, these toxic substances atmospheric pollution when burned, seeping into the underground pollution of groundwater and rivers and lakes; Once in the soil water, it will enter the body through the food chain, damaging the nervous system, hematopoietic function, kidneys and bones. Therefore, it belongs to hazardous waste. Experiments show that a mercury battery pollutes more than one persons lifetime total.

Before the river bottom, can see Derek fisher, now the factory in order to improve the efficiency, they put the stream discharge sewage as a good place, river sewage got dirty, passing pedestrians were quickly leave.

To conserve water is to protect our environment, which is to save resources. We want to own practical action to protect the environment, the most simple is to start from oneself, pay attention to save water, such as: use after the tap turn off the tap at any time; Water the washing water with water, rinsing and flushing. Dont think that a few drops of water in a water bridle cant make a difference. A water bridle drops a drop of water every second, and a year is a waste of 36 square water. If a family saves one person per month, how much water is saved in a month?

Fortunately, people have learned the earth now to be polluted, everyone has to act, I hope people who didnt act, they bent and picked up the paper on the ground, a low back, let us tomorrow is more beautiful, neat!

[初中关于保护环境的英语作文

good morning. it is my honour to come here for this interview.

first let me introduce myself to you. my name is wendy. i am 17 years old, and was born in jinan, shandong province. i was graduated from ** middle school. i am always studying hard, and i have achieved lots of fruitful results, including many certifications.

i am optimistic and open-minded. i have made a lots of good friends in my school. in my spare time, i like reading and listening to the music. sometimes, i also like to play basketball.

i hope i have the chance to enter the school. and i also believe that where there is a will, there is a way.

that is all. thanks for your attention.

[初中毕业英语作文自我介绍

Miss Li is my English teacher. The first day I met her, I liked her,

because she looked so young and nice. Miss Li liked to write some inspiring

words in our homework. So everytime when I handed in my paper, I was so looking

forward to getting Miss Li’s response. I remembered one time, I did not do well

in an English test. Miss Li wrote the words to me and she believed me I could

make great progress next time. I was so moved, so when I had annoyance, I would

like to talk to her. Miss Li is my guide. She can give me suggestion and lead me

to the right direction.

初中英语作文:开车旅行A Trip by Car

A Trip by Car

I often make a trip by trains because it＇s both cheap and comfortable. Last winter holidays I traveled in a car for the first time in my life. At first I didn＇t feel well. But this kind of feeling didn＇t last long. the trip was exciting. While travelling in a car, we could stop at any time if we wanted to enjoy the view

outside. the fields, the mountains and rivers were really very nice. On the way we visited many places of interest and took a lot of photos. It was an unforgettable experience for me.

《初中英语作文:开车旅行A Trip by Car》由出国编辑整理我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 名师解读：2012高考英语考试大纲机场常用英语公共场所标志常备无患疯狂英语夏令营助教的实习工作体会雅思考试应注意的十大要点之一：时间是最大的敌人空军招飞条件之文化条件英语教研组学期末总结英语教师年终个人总结雅思写作范文：那点事(1)英国哪个城市的英语最标准用英语介绍植树节

[初中英语作文之开车旅行A Trip by Car

有些人都说手机是无所不能的，其实，电脑比手机更好。

夜深了，如果你需要某样东西，可是家里没有，又不想到外面的店里买，你就可以通过电脑上淘宝网，把你想要的东西订下来，支付了钱，它就能以最快的速度把你的东西送到你的家里或工作单位里，而且物品实用，价格便宜。

电脑主要分为台式电脑，笔记本电脑和掌上电脑三种。一般家庭都买台式电脑，但随着社会的发展，越来越多的人买笔记本和掌上。

电脑的本领很多，听音乐的本事也不小。你只要在百度里输入你想听的音乐，马上就能听到原汁原味的歌，还能让你看着歌词一起哼唱。要是不想再听这首歌了，可以在输入别的歌曲名称。如果不知道歌曲名称，可以输入什么电视的主题曲，片尾曲等，或者通过音乐软件查找自己感兴趣的音乐。

当然，电脑也有它的坏处，那就是辐射。电脑辐射的直径一般是30厘米左右，其背面辐射较强，而我们每天面对的正面的辐射最弱。尽管这样，电脑对人类的害处还是很多，首当其冲就是对人们的眼睛，严重的会有眼睛方面的疾病。

电脑有好处也有坏处，正如任何事情都是一体两面的。因此只要加强注意，做好防护，少上网，就能把伤害降到最低。

April 1st is the holiday April Fools also known as “All Fools Day.”Its exact origin is not known, because there are so many stories as to why it started. The most plausible tale is that New Years Day in France used to be April 1st, but the King changed it to January 1st. Not everyone accepted this change for several years and those who didn’t were scoffed as fools, thus the term April Fools.

Today people from many parts of the world are recognizing and celebrating April 1st in their own unique way. Here at International school is a fruitful student body from all over the world. I decided to ask a few of our fellow classmates from IS to pass on what they did for April Fools and also pass on this tradition to this who don’t know about this good hearted holiday. Maybe through Jinan University, April Fools one day will really be global.

[初中英语作文愚人节

关于个人责任(On Responsibility)

We Chinese place a high value on responsibility. It is traditional deal for us Chinese to take care of our parents. We owe them a great deal for the love they give us while we are growing up. It is right, then, when they are getting older with each passing day, we help them and see that they are well cared for. In this way, we give back some of the love and care they have given to us.

As loyal Chinese citizens, we must have a strong sense of responsibility to our country. I t is our duty to keep China strong in the eyes

Finally, we must remember that we have a responsibility to the world we live in. It is important that we learn to live in peace with the other nations of the world and to protect our environment.鶬f we carry out these responsibilities, we will be respected citizens of our country.

[初中英语作文：关于个人责任

关于五一假期的英语作文

In this holiday l was very happy.Why? Because my famliy go to Beijing.We saw Tiananmen.The sky was blue ,Tiananmen was red and yello.It is very nice.Then I played with my mother and father in Xiangshan.In the afteroon we went to Yuanmingyuan.

Look at Yuangmingyuan, I was very sad.In the evering we ate some litto food.

Beijing was very big.I love it very much.

Im a middle school student. I’m upset these days because of my parents.

They pay too much attention to my study. I have to report my test results to them every time.

If I get good grades they will be happy and satisfied. But if not they will be worried about me, especially my mom. I never want to let her down, but she has made a plan for my future.

I am very disgusted with it. I dont know what to do. I know they really love me. I also know knowledge is important for everybody. However, I cant stand they are always making me study. Im really expected they can understand me.

我是一名初中生。因为我的父母，我最近很心烦。他们过于关注我的学习了。每次测验的结果我都要报告给他们。如果我取得好成绩，他们就会开心和满意。但如果没有，他们就会担心我，尤其是我妈妈。我从来都不想让她失望，但她已经为我的未来制定好计划了。我很讨厌这一点。我不知道怎么办才好。我知道他们是真心爱我的。我也知道知识的重要性。然而，我不能忍受他们总是让我去学习。我真的希望他们能够了解我。

[初中英语作文：我的烦恼

Of all the colors, I love white best. White is the color of snow and cloud.

Snow in winter is clean,pure and holy. When it is melted, it moistens everything

and the whole earth. White clouds are hanging on the blue sky. We can dream a

lot on such a nice day. White is a color of purity and calmness. It can make a

harmony picture with any other colors. This is white, a selfless color.