初中英语说明文思维导图热门20篇

Nowadays, with the development of technology, the market competition is

fierce and people feel great pressure. In order to improve the working

efficiency, they force themselves to work overtime. However, they are not

machine and need to slow down life pace, or they will break down sooner or

later.

We cant slow down the working hour, but we can control our private time. A

lot of young people mix with working time and private time, so they cant enjoy

their life and feel depressed all the time. The smart person will find the

balance. They will put aside the working stuff when the clock tells them that it

is time to be off work and find the way to release their pressure, such as

KTV.

Spending the time with friends and families is always a good way to enjoy

our time. No matter what kind of difficulties we face, when we recall of these

happy moments, we will have motivation to move on. We cant choose everything we

want, but we can adjust ourselves to the environment and keep the good mood.

Once life pace slows down, we control our life.

My Entrance Examination

For going on with my further studies， I took the entrance examination in a Senior Middle School last week。 I still remember there were more than three hundred candidates taking part in this examination。 For the first day， in the morning， Chinese was easy。 We were required to write a composition of 250 words on "My Home Life"， and give definitions and illustrations to twenty phrases。 In the afterno on， we took an English examination。 There were dictation， sentence formation， and analysis for oral English。 In the oral examination， I was questioned about my home life， my experience in the junior middle school and my future prospects。

On the second day， we were examined on history and geography in the morning and physics and chemistry in the afternoon。

我的入学考试

为了进一步学习，我上周在一所高中参加了入学考试。我还记得参加考试的有300多人，第一天上午，语文很简单，我们要写一篇250字的作文，关于“我的家庭生活”，并解释20个短语。下午，我们考英语，有听力，造句，分析口语。口语考试时，我被问道我的生活，中学经历以及未来的希望。

第二天，我们早上考历史、地理，下午考物理、化学。

Everyone has a dream，Everyone‘s dreams are great, happy and distant，My dream is that my family and friends can be happy .Although this is not realistic.We nevitably experience suffering and failure in the real life.But because of this,We become strong and courageous.although some dream is unrealistic,we have dream,we live significative!whether or not the dream come ture,we should hard work,Let this life without any regrets.

谁都有梦想。每一个人的梦想都是伟大的,幸福的,遥远的.我的梦想是身边的每一个人都能够开心幸福的生活。尽管这不太现实。毕竟在现实的生活里难免会经历坎坷与心酸，但正因为这样，我们才变得更加坚强和勇敢。虽然有些梦想是不切实际的，但因为心中有梦想，我们才生活得更有意义！不管梦想能不能够实现，我们都要努力奋斗，让今生无悔！

[写我的梦想初中英语作文

According to the report that most children in the family don’t have to the housework, because their parents have done all the work for them. When students go to middle school, it means they are not the little girls and little boys anymore, they have grown up and it is time for them to learn to be independent. Doing the housework and reducing the parents’ burden help the children to be mature, what’s more, the parents should not overprotect their kids all the time, they can give some jobs to the children and lead them to be independent. Doing the housework is not a big deal, but it is the attitude to life.

据报道,大多数孩子在家里不用做家务,因为他们的父母为他们做了所有的工作。当学生进入中学,这意味着他们不是小女孩和小男孩,他们已经长大了,是时候让他们学会独立。做家务和减少父母的负担帮助孩子成熟,更重要的是,父母不应该过度保护他们的孩子,他们可以给孩子们一些工作,让他们独立。做家务不是一个大问题,但它是一种对生活的态度。

in this holiday l was very happy.why? because my famliy go to beijing.we saw tiananmen.the sky was blue ,tiananmen was red and yello.it is very nice.then i played with my mother and father in xiangshan.in the afteroon we went to yuanmingyuan.

look at yuangmingyuan, i was very sad.in the evering we ate some litto food.

beijing was very big.i love it very much.

My Best Friend

我最要好的朋友

Everybody has a best friend that they can share everything with. I also have a best friend. We met in school, and were in the same grade.

每个人都有可以与之分享所有事的最要好的朋友。我也有个最要好的朋友。我们是在学校里相遇的，还是一个年级的。

My best friend is a good student because he is very hardworking. I learn a lot from him. He helps me with math; I help him with English. We always help each other. Besides that, hes honest and reliable. I trust him completely and we share secrets all the time.

我的好朋友是一个好学生，因为他非常努力（学习）。我从他身上学到很多（东西）。他帮我复习数学，我帮他复习英语。我们总是互相帮助。除此之外，他是个老实并可信赖（的人）。我完全相信他，我们一直分享着秘密。

My best friend is a loyal and brave boy. When a bully teased me, he came to my rescue right away. He always remembers my birthday and he is fun to be with. He tells funny jokes and stories. He always makes me laugh. Finally, he is a very good listener and he knows how to cheer me up when Im down. I hope well stay friends forever.

我最要好的朋友也是一个忠诚并勇敢的男孩。当恶霸欺负我的时候，他立马来解救我。他总是记得我的生日，而且与他相处很愉快。他告诉我有趣的笑话和故事。他总是使我发笑。最后，他是一个很棒的倾听者，当我心情低落的时候，他知道如何让我振作起来。我希望我们能成为永远的朋友。

[我最好的朋友初中优秀英语作文

一、指导思想

目前初三的英语教学中，因种种因素，造就了相当一部分英语学习比较困难，并伴有的差生。因此对这部分学生加强心理指导，培养培养的心理素质，帮助他们尽快走出困境，成为学习的主人，就显得十分必要。学科教学是学校教育的主渠道、主阵地，学科学习是学生的主导活动，学生大量的心理困惑都产生于学习过程中，各种人格品质也在学科的学习中得到发展。英语作为语言学科，在教学中加强德育及心理方面渗透工作，坚持以人为本，坚持教育创新，坚持______，坚持内涵发展，以行为习惯养成教育为重点，以加强细节教育。

二、工作要点

对于向学生进行思想教育、品德教育、科学文化教育和心理素质教育，在本学期的教学中加强德育工作如下：

(一)有敬业精神，热爱学生。

要用自己的爱来唤起和培养学生对学习的爱，从而引伸到对生活的爱。其实，英语课堂教学不只是语言知识的学习和操练，而是一种温馨的情感交流、智慧潜能的开发，社会__交际能力的早期培养，是师生共同创造精神生活的活动。因此教师在教学中，要尊重学生的人格，建立平等、互相尊重的和谐师生关系，使学生在宽松、融洽、愉快的氛围中进行学习的同时，品德得到培养，性格得到完善。

(二)创新教育让学困生自主学习

传统的英语教学模式中，学生自使自终是被动者，即使是一些很有天赋的好学生。久而久之，也缺乏了创造力。不少学生的学习参与意识差，不愿主动思考和提出问题，更不主动解决问题。依赖于教师现成的说教答案，因此，教师必须更新教学观念，树立心的学生观和教学观。我认为，新的学生观最本质的内容就是在教学中真正能够树立合作教学的观念新的学生观念作根本的出发点就是尊重学生，在英语教学汇总充分发挥每个学生的主体作用，使他们真正成为学习的主人。

(三)渗透情感与学生建立良好的师生关系

情感具有迁移作用。亲其师，则信其道。学生对老师的情感能改善学生对所学学科的倾向性。只要师生建立起相互信赖的感情，学生对老师所提出的要求就容易接受。我们的教学活动能就比较顺利地开展。学困生并非自然固有。学困生渴求得到尊重与关心，信任与理解。教师只有用真诚的爱才能使他们感到温暖，消除自卑，树立信心，才能使他们自尊、自爱、奋发进取。我认为，对于学困生，只要我们真诚地给予关心和帮助，他们也会以爱和敬意来回报我们。他们是不会让老师失望的。

(四)赏识教育让学困生树立自信心

自尊心是一个人对自身的评价，对自身存在的价值和态度的体现。任何学生都有自尊心和荣誉感，每当自己在学习上取得点滴成绩时，总希望得到老师的表扬，学困生更是如此。差生由于羞怯心理，往往在课堂上不敢开口，因此，我对学困生从不大声呵斥，而是具体深入地分析他们之所以差的原因，然后对症下药，循循善诱，在加强辅导的同时，根据学生的发展情况进行有弹性的鼓励。实践证明：利用语言表扬、神情暗示、肢体示意等多种方法，给予学困生以的鼓励是行之有效的，能使他们对自己充满自信，树立学好英语的信心。

2022初中英语教师个人工作计划【篇六】 2022 junior high school English teacher personal work plan [Chapter 6]

一、指导思想

在本学期的英语教学中，坚持以下面的教学理念为指导：第一，切实地了解学生的真实水平，注意衔接，尽快使学生适应我的英语教学;第二，教学要面向全体学生，关注学生的情感，激发他们学习英语的兴趣;第三，以学生为主体，尊重个体差异，因材施教;第四，在新课标的指导下，倡导学生体验参与学习，完成设计目标;第五，注重过程性评价，建立能鼓励学生自主学习能力发展提高的综合评价体系。

二、学生情况分析

本届学生在英语基础方面很薄弱，由于在以前学习英语的过程中，没有很详细全面地学习音标，基本的音标和字母拼读都没有掌握好。在词汇，语法规则等方面存在很多缺漏。所以，在听、说、读、写这四项技能上，学生水平存在很大差异。

另外，学生在学习策略和情感态度方面也存在诸多需要进一步解决的问题。例如：许多学生不能明确学习英语的目的，学习缺乏主动性、自觉性;大多数同学没有养成良好的学习习惯，不能做好课前预习和课后复习工作，学习没有计划性和策略性，也不注意知识的积累和巩固。

最后，学生对新教材缺乏一定程度上的了解，还不适应新课改指导下的一些教学方法。在课堂上，习惯像以往被动地接受所传授的知识，不善于发现和总结语言规律，学习的主体性不突出。

三、教材与教辅的分析

1、内容与结构

每一单元除了关注阅读、写作、听力、视听说等语言实践活动，还关注语言知识、情感态度、文化意识和学习策略等。其中，教材加强了文化意识的提高和学生学习策略的培养，是相较于以前教材很大的不同。

2、教材的特点

首先突出学习者的发展，包括注重学习策略的培养和使用;注重提高学生的语言认知能力;为教师和学生提供个性化的选择;其次努力提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。具体为：为学生提供更多的体验真实语言的机会;精心设计教学活动，使学生看到明确的目标和明确的成果;为学生发展语言运用能力提供详尽的语言支持;重视复现。

3、教材的重难点

该套教材强调学生综合语言运用能力的培养和提高，所以重点在于培养学生用英语获取信息、处理信息的能力;用英语分析问题、解决问题的能力;用英语进行思维和表达的能力。难点在于学生在情感态度和学习策略上的改变，达到用英语思维和表达的目标。

4、教学目标

⑴总体目标：激发学生学习英语的兴趣，树立自信心。在整个教学过程中，让学生有丰富的生活常识、多文化背景的积累，并形成正确人生观、价值观，有积极的情感态度和跨文化的交际能力。同时培养自主学习能力，积累学习方法。

⑵具体目标：结合学生基础知识过于薄弱的实际，在教学刚开始的阶段，注意高一和初中知识的衔接，例如复习音标和字母拼读规律，积累基础词汇、词语搭配、句型，熟悉不同单元呈现的语法规则，掌握实际用法。希望第一学期后，学生能培养学习的兴趣，养成较好的学习习惯，对基础知识有一定的掌握。

5、教学措施

⑴让学生每天积累几个单词，利用“互测及教师抽查”及时检查，保证效果并坚持下去。

⑵认真贯彻晨读制度：规定晨读内容，加强监督，保证晨读效果。

⑶实行过程性评价，调动学生积极性，通过不同方式的检测，让进步的同学体会到成就感，让落后的同学找出差距，感受压力。由此在班里形成浓厚的学习氛围，培养学生健康向上的人格和竞争意识。

⑷关注学生的情感，营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围。

⑸在教学中根据目标并结合教学内容，创造性地设计贴近学生实际的教学活动，吸引和组织他们积极参与。学生通过思考、调查、讨论、交流和合作等方式，学习和使用英语，完成学习任务。

⑹经常进行教学反思，适时调整教学方法，符合学生的真实情况，利于学生的有效性学习。

从所任课班级实际情况和本身条件出发，认真进行思考和改正。多关注学科教研的发展，多多听课向有经验的老师虚心学习，取之所长，多和同事交流探讨，交换教学思想和方法，避己所短，不断进步。积极参与学科的相关课题研究，撰写论文，参加教研组，备课组的教研活动。

My name is Lin and Im from China. Right now, Im a student. I study very hard every day. I like going to school because Im eager to learn. I enjoy learning English. Its my favorite class. I like to make friends and I get along with everyone. This is the introduction I give whenever I meet new people. It tells people a little bit about me and about what I like to do.

我的名字是林，我来自中国。我现在是学生。我每天都很用功念书。我喜欢上学，因为我渴望学习。我喜欢学英文。那是我最喜欢的课程。我喜欢交朋友，而且我和每个人都处得很好。这就是我每次认识新的人时，所作的自我介绍。它可以告诉别人一点关于我的事，还有我喜欢做什么。

1、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

2、分类别：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征有条理性。

3、作比较：运用了··的说明方法。把---和---加以比较，突出强调了---事物的特征-

4、作诠释：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征/事理加以具使说明更通俗易懂。

5、打比方：运用了··的说明方法。将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

6、摹状貌：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征加以形象化的描摹，写出了说明对象---的特点。使说明更具体形象。

7、下定义：运用了··的说明方法。将---定义为---。用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

8、列数字：运用了··的说明方法。用---等数据。据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

9、列图表：运用了··的说明方法。用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

10、引用说明：运用了··的说明方法。引用说明有以下几种形式—— 引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。 （引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

These are lots of books in our daily life. Some are about history, some are novels, and some are even about the dream in the future. I think its useful to read stories, because it can be used sometimes. Once, there was a very difficult question in an important history exam history, which wasnt mentioned in our history books, even our teacher has never told us about it. But I remembered clearly that I had read it in a history story, so I answered the question without difficulty and became the only student in our class who answered the question correctly. In my view, its useful to read stories.

Sunrise at Sea

Ba Jin

I would often get up early to watch the sunrise when it was not yet quiet light and all was quiet except for the droning of the ship engine.

The sky was pale with a bluish blue. Soon a streak of pink dawn broke over the horizon，expanding gradually and becoming brighter and brighter. Knowing that the sun was about to rise, I had my eyes fixed on the distant edge of the sea.

As expected, the sun soon appeared revealing half of its face, which was very red but not bright It kept rising laboriously bit by bit as if weighted down with a heavy burden on its back until，after breaking through the rosy clouds;it completely emerged from the sea aglow with a lovely red. Then，before I knew it, the dark red orb began to shine blazingly, dazzling my eyes until they stung and all of a sudden lighting up the surrounding cloud.

Sometimes，hidden by the clouds, the sun nonetheless shed its rays straight onto the sea water, making it difficult for me to distinguish between the sky and the sea because what I saw in front of me was nothing but a wide expanse of brilliant light.

Sometimes, with thick layers of dark clouds hanging in the sky, the sun was hardly visible to the naked eye. But its radiance managed to show through the dark clouds to edge them with golden lace. Then, after gradually breaking through the tight encirclement, it came into full view and even dyed the dark clouds purple or scarlet. At the moment, apart from the sun，the clouds and the seawater, I too was luminous.

Wasnt that a marvelous spectacle?

书面表达是近几年初中英语中考的重要题型，是一种反映学生表达、传递信息和解决实际问题的重要的语言测试手段，同时也是用于测试学生的语言交际能力和语言知识活用能力的一项综合性试题。《英语课程标准》对各个年级学生“写”的技能提出了明确目标，它要求学生具有较高的书面语言表达能力。然而，目前初中英语教学的书面表达相对滞后，学生的写作水平提高甚微，一提起写作学生们就犯愁，甚至一字不写，有的干脆放弃。写一篇像样的英语作文对80%的学生来说是“难于上青天”。究其原因是多方面的。学生方面：(1)汉语影响、生词造句;(2)词汇贫乏、搭配不当;(3)句型误用、语法不通;(4)信息不全、条理紊乱。因此，笔者结合新教材的内容，在教学中探索了学生写作训练的方法。

一、积累词汇

初中学生在阅读理解方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear， crowded/uncrowded，polite/impolite/rude.词形相似的词except/expect，chance/change/challenge.这样，通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。

二、活用词句

当学生有了一定的词汇量的时候，教师在教学中可以采用先易后难的方法，让学生用简单的词组成句子，再以句子的构成作为学生进行写作训练的起点，引导学生从对单个句型的掌握，逐渐过渡到多种句型的混用，直到学生能连贯自如地表达思想。一句多译，句型转换，是书面表达能力的关键。总的来说，教师在平时的教学中要将日常生活中经常出现的词、句作为材料让学生训练，使学生乐于接受，轻松完成，享受成功感。

例如：以study为中心组成句子。

I study in No.3 Middle School.I study very hard.My sister studies in the same school.But she studies harder than me.等等。

三、创设情景

例如，学生举行运动会，开“生日聚会”，以“A sports meeting”和“My birthday party”为语境，让学生在活动中仔细观察，亲身体验，然后试着用自己所学的语言知识，表达“A sports meeting”和“My birthday party”这些话题。在我们新教材的每个单元中，都设有写作训练题，它们用英语设置语境，用英语提示内容，这些写的练习，与我们平时用汉语给语境、用英语完成段落的方式相比，更为理想。当然，教师在设立语境话题时要与学生的水平和能力相适应，应从简到难，从浅到深进行。否则，学生会无从下笔，久而久之，他们会失去信心。

四、注重听、说和阅读的培养

在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一，是与英语的听说读不可分割的，它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体，必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展。

比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前演讲”：在上正课前五分钟里，要学生用英语讲述一个故事(积累素材);或者课前朗读一篇短小精 的文章，让大家课后模仿;或者就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言;或者让学生自立主题，围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话。这种课前训练取得了很好的效果。

五、写英文日记

要养成记英语日记勤练笔的习惯。经常用英语记日记等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提高英语写作行之有效的好办法。在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。对一些所给情景写的文章，写好后要对照一些范文，找出差距，然后再去练习，不仅能促使学生及时巩固所学的知识，还能锻炼他们的恒心和学习毅力，同时对提高英语作文也是很有帮助的。只有这样，学生才能通过多练习提高英语写作水平。

总之，学生英语写作水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事，英语写作能力培养的训练方法也是多方面的，因此需要我们英语教师在教学工作中不断探索、不断研究，总结出一些更富有创新活力的英语写作方法。鼓励学生平时要多积累语素材，要求他们坚持长期写作训练，做到善于思考、勤于训练、勇于探究，充分发挥学生的潜力。久而久之，学生的写作水平就会有大幅度的提高。

导语：一般来说朋友都能给人一种安全感以及依赖感，你的好朋友是什么样的人呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I have a good friend, we met each other when I was five years old. She is my neighbor and the first time I saw her, she smiled at me. It was her smile that made me feel she was a nice person to get along with. Indeed, she was a reliable friend. When I was in trouble, she would be the first person to give me a hand. Once I lost my key, when she heard, she tried hard to help me remember where I lost it. I am so lucky to have her as my friend. It is hard to meet someone who can make you feel safe and she is the one. She is the angel in my life.

【参考翻译】

我有一个好朋友。我五岁的时候我们就认识了。她是我的邻居，我第一次看到她时，她就朝我微笑。她的微笑，让我觉得她是一个好相处的人。实际上，她是一个可信赖的朋友。当我有困难的时候，她会第一个来帮助我。曾经有一次，我弄丢了我的钥匙，她听说这个事情后，就努力帮助我想起在哪里丢失。我很幸运拥有她作为我的朋友。找到一个可以使自己有安全感的人并不容易，对于我来说，她就是这样的一个人。她是我生命中的天使。

How to be a good learner?

As a good learner， we should have good habits and ways of learning。

We need to get ready for our lessons before class and always listen carefully in class。 It’s good to study in groups and help each other。 We should do more reading in our free time。 If we have some problems， we’d better ask others for help。 As a student， working hard is important， but don’t forget to do sports and keep healthy。

I think all these above will be helpful to us。

"As" this sentence is confirmed by the wonderful nature, yesterday the

wisper under light rain, my heart is heavy like a rock, because want to master

and old milk grave, before, I dont understand the real meaning of the qing Ming

day, until today after sweeping the tomb, I understand the true meaning of

tomb-sweeping day!

At seven o clock in the morning, we prepare to master and old milk grave,

grave is a fresh thing for me, we take tools and set off.

Walking the winding mountain road, I cant wait, after about an hour, we

came to the master and old grandmas grave, a year didnt come, graves are

covered with wild grass, you well after the division of labor, began to busy,

everything is in place, we started to burn money, along with the smoke, I seem

to see their shadow, they told me: study hard and cherish life.

Yes, life is short, happy every day to live, to continuously surpass

ourselves, surpass ourselves, dream will come true; The superego, the dream into

power; Beyond the self, to create beautiful life! I think life is constantly

transcend self, beyond the dream!!!!! Panoramic view of the city house on the

mountain, the mountain was full of golden golden in the rape, deep breath, deep

and remote light fragrance, fresh air, the flowers with irresistible power

explanation of the meaning of life!

Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands and prairies into farms and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.

However, mans changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.

Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know, massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to mans existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore, effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve environment. Otherwise, man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings

历史上的人改变了他的物理环境,以改善自己的生活方式。借助技术工具改变了地球的许多自然特征。他将林地和草原改造成为农田,使江河变成湖泊和水库,用于灌溉或用于水力发电。男人也修改了地球表面由高山沼泽和切断山区修建公路和铁路。

然而,人的物理环境的变化并不总是有有益的结果。今天,空气和水的污染是越来越危害地球的健康。每天成千上万吨的机动车辆的排气管排出的气体排放出来。工厂释放的烟雾污染了空气工业化地区和周边地区的农村。水的污染也同样有害。海洋的整个生态平衡正在改变,工业废物已经使许多河流毫无生气。

现在,环境保护比以往任何时候都更为紧迫。正如我们所知,环境的巨大破坏已带来负面影响,甚至对人类造成巨大威胁的存在。对这些问题漠不关心将意味着自杀。因此,应采取有效措施并通过法律来保护环境。不然的话,人类势必遭受缺乏所造成的严重后果关心生存环境

there is no doubt that happiness is the most precious thing in the world. Without it, life will be empty and meaningless. If you wish to know how to get happiness, you must pay attention to the following two points.

无疑的快乐是世界上最珍贵的东西。没有它，人生将是空虚和无意义的。如果你希望知道如何获得快乐，你必须注意下面两点。

First, health is the secret of happiness . Only a strong man can enjoy the pleasure of life.

首先，健康是幸福的秘密。只有强壮的人才能享受人生的乐趣。

Secondly, happiness consists in contentment. A man who is dissatisfied with his present condition is always in distress.

其次，幸福在于知足。一个不满于现状的人总是愁眉苦脸。

All our life, we will meet all kinds of difficulties, we have to face them

and fix them, that is what our parents tell us. Indeed, life is a journey, we

will meet different people and confront with distress, most people feel uneasy

when fail comes, they think there is no hope in life. Well, we are always told

that life is still going on even though we face difficulty. Why don’t we smile

with life, since we there is no way to avoid frustration, the only way we can do

is to embrace what life brings for us, no matter what happens, just smile,

everything will be alright.

The protection of the border is not a new problem for us, and our

government has long proposed clear targets for governance. As every ordinary

person in real life, although it is impossible to work directly in environmental

protection, we can start from small things and start from me. Can you raise your

hand when you see the tap in the bathroom? When the battery runs out, can you

classify it instead of throwing it away? How about when shopping doesnt use

ultra-thin plastic bags? ...... Small things are small, but they reflect how

much environmental awareness we have.

Recycling one ton of waste paper can regenerate 800 kg of paper, can save

17 tree. 20 waste recycling boxes can create a beautiful pen container.

Recycling one glass bottle to save the energy, can make the bulb light for four

hours. Recycling one aluminum can is to save the half oil cans. So we should

place the garbage classification, reproduction by the relevant department after

recycling reuse!

As long as we start from oneself, starts from the minor matter, everybody

joint efforts, perseverance, we will be for the society, also a piece of clear

water, blue sky for yourself, I hope everybody can voluntarily protect the

environment, to make our environment more beautiful life.

Traveling is moer and more popular in the modern world.it helps us open our

eyes and learn knowledge differden places.so i thing traveling is helpful for

us.

When we are free during the holiday ,we can go to some beautiful places to

relax ourselves .w hile we are in different pleaces ,we will have a wonderful

feeling in all we see,there we can eat all kinds of delicious food,visit many

places of interest or something else.

On the other hand ,traveling will help us learn lots of local cultures

,people’s lives there ,sometimes you can make some new friends,it also can make

your life colorful.to us students mwe can relax ourselves from the busy studying

life,we can use these experiences in our studying.

So if you have time ,traveling is the best way to relax yourself the more

places you travel,the mare you will learn.

①“龙宫”作为神话里海底龙王的居所，曾引发了人们无数的想象，围绕它产生了众多故事。现实中“龙宫”自然是没有的，但迄今为止，浩瀚的海洋仍深深地吸引着人类：海洋蕴藏的财富，大海深处的奥秘……一切都那样诱人。

②当今最诱人的海洋资源之一就是“蓝色能源”。它既不同于海底储存的煤、石油、天然气，也不同于融于水中的铀、镁、锂，而是利用海水温差、潮汐、波浪等产生的动能、热能等能源，它具有清洁、可再生，能量惊人，分布广泛的优势。常见的蓝色能源是温差能、潮汐能和波浪能。

③6000万平方公里的热带海洋一天吸收的太阳热能，相当于2500亿桶石油的热能。如果将这些热能的1%转化为电能，相当于新增140亿千瓦装机容量，也就是每小时能发140亿度电。太阳辐射热进入到海面，绝大部分被海水吸收掉，深层海水几乎接收不到。因此人们可利用海洋表层水温与较低层水温之间的温差把热能转化为电能。发电时，将海洋表面的温水引进真空锅炉，温水因压力突然大幅下降立即变成蒸汽，推动汽轮发电机发电，用过的水流入海洋，如此循环使用。一般而言，冷、热水温差在20℃以上即可发电，因此若能把南北纬20度以内的热带海洋都利用起来发电，前景将十分诱人。

④无边无际的大海，在太阳和月亮的引力作用下，时而潮高百丈，时而引退千里。海洋这种有规律、有节奏的起伏现象就是潮汐。潮 汐发电就利用了潮汐能，人们涨潮时将海水以势能的形式保存，落潮时放出海水，利用潮位之间的落差发电。据初步估算，我国潮汐能资源量约为1.1亿千瓦，年发电量可达2750亿千瓦小时。潮汐能周而复始，取之不尽，用之不竭，可以成为沿海地区生产生活，甚至国防需要的重要补充能源。

⑤波浪能也是不容忽视的蓝色能源。“无风三尺浪”是奔腾不息的大海的真实写照。海浪有惊人的力量，5米高的海浪，每平方米压力就有10吨。大浪能把13吨重的岩石抛至20米高处，能量惊人。据计算，全球可供开发利用的海洋波浪能有20-30亿千瓦，年发电量可达9万亿度。波浪能的利用将有助于缓解矿物能源逐渐枯竭导致的能源危机，改善生态环境。

⑥古往今来，海洋一直以其阔大的胸怀哺育着人类，吸引着人类。进入21世纪，人类社会的可持续发展将会越来越多地依赖海洋。探索并利用蓝色能源,已经成为中国乃至全球可持续发展的重要保障。蓝色能源，大有可为！

1.文章开头从神话故事里的“龙宫”写起，有什么作用？

答：

2.读完这篇文章，说说你对蓝色能源有了哪些了解。（4分）

答：

3.阅读下面材料，结合上文中的相关知识，简要分析可以在南海开发何种蓝色能源。（4分）

【材料】

南海是中国以南的边缘海，是中国最深、最大的海，平均水深约1212米，中部深海平原中最深处达5567米。由于接近赤道，接受太阳辐射的热量较多，所以气温较高。年平均气温在25―28℃。5月份测得水深30米以内的水温为30℃，而1000米深处便只有5℃。

答：

1. 引发读者阅读的兴趣，说明海洋从古至今对人类的吸引，引出下文对蓝色能源的介绍。

2.①什么是蓝色能源。（蓝色能源是一种利用海水温差、潮汐、波浪产生的动能、热能等能源。）②蓝色能源的特点。（它具有清洁、可再生、能量惊人、分布广泛的优势。）③常见的蓝色能源类型。（常见的蓝色能源是温差能、潮汐能和波浪能。）④常见蓝色能源的发电原理。⑤蓝色能源的应用前景。

3.可开发温差能。根据上文，太阳辐射热绝大部分被海水吸收掉，深层海水几乎接收不到。在冷热水温差达到20℃以上时，就可利用海洋表层水温与较低层水温之间的温差把热能转化为电能。而南海平均水深约1212米，年平均气温在25-28℃，表层海水与较低层海水温差多在20℃以上，因此可在南海开发温差能。