初中英语说明文思维导图推荐20篇

I am a love reading girl, since I was young, I very love books, and book

the indissoluble bond. I put the book as an indispensable nourishment, he saw a

book like the hungry to see bread, fondle admiringly. Because the book is the

source of human wisdom, is the ladder of human progress. Book give me knowledge

and wisdom, and also gave me strength and courage. In my room, there is a large

bookcase, there are all books, every birthday, mom and dad asked me to want what

gift, I will blurt out: "a book, I as long as the book." When reading, I often

forget all about eating and sleeping, as if into another world.

Reading, can make us grow many knowledge, solve the problem. On one

occasion, grandmother domesticated some hares, hares to depilate, grandma see

hares like bite lice, gradually to open mouth, the neck fur with red meat, and

then use the tongue to the sides, and behind them in a hurry to say to me: "you

see how this rabbit. Red meat are exposed, it doing?" . I to grandma said with a

smile: "it is the hair removal, then fluff will regrow of glistening." My

grandma listened to, smiled and said to me: "how do you know?" I proudly said:

"from the book to see." It seems that these reading useless really big ah.

Colorful in the book, read the "lei feng diary let me know how people live

to be more of others, read" how the steel was tempered "which I understand the

difficulties cannot be back, have the perseverance and strong will to overcome

difficulties.

English is the necessary subject to learn. Since I went to school, I have

to learn it. But I am not interested in it because I cant find how useful it

is. Two months ago, there was a new English teacher taught us, I realized that

her teaching method was very different. Before the lesson, she would let us to

listen to the English songs, or sometimes we needed to do role play. It was so

funny for us. We were very interested in the songs. Sometimes we could enjoy the

movie, which just opened my eyes. I saw a different world. I wanted to learn

English well and then search the world.

My home town is a beautiful place. It stands beside a wide river and is

rich in fish and rice.

But in the old days it was a poor and backward little town. Many people had

no work. They lived a hard life.

In 1949 my hometown was liberated. Since then great changes have taken

place there. The streets have been widened. Factories, schools, hospitals,

cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after another. The life of the people is

greatly improved.

I love my hometown. All the more I love its people. They are working hard

so as to make it still richer and more beautiful.

从近年来全国各地的语文中考试题看，说明文在整个试卷中所占的比例也逐年增大。其难度也在逐年提高。下面是小编帮大家整理的初中语文说明文阅读基本知识及答题技巧，希望大家喜欢。

一、说明文基本知识

1、概念：说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来介绍或解释事物的状态、性质、构造、功用、制作方法、发展过程以及内在事理的一种实用文体。

2、与其它文体的区别：议论文以理服人，哲理性是它的主要特点；记叙文以情感人，形象性是它的主要特点；说明文以知授人，知识性是它的主要特点。

3、说明文的分类

事物说明文：如《苏州园林》，说明“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画”的特征。

事理说明文：如《死海不死》，科学的说明了死海不死的原因在于“海水的咸度很高”。

二. 阅读技巧

(一)阅读说明文要注意从以下几个方面入手：

第一招：善于找准说明对象。

第二招：善于概括说明对象的特点。

第三招：善于分析说明顺序。

第四招：善于分析说明方法及其作用。弄清楚了说明方法的特点，分析它们在文章中的具体作用。

第五招：善于分析说明文的语言。

第六招：善于分析引用古籍或名言的目的。先要理解所引古籍或名言的含义，现联系说明的内容，看看这两者间有何内在联系，就能领悟其引用的目的了。在说明的开头文段或中间叙述有关的故事，究竟起何作用：在文章开头叙述故事，其目的往往是为了引起读者阅读的兴趣，或者是为了引出说明对象。在文章或段落中间叙述故事，往往是为了增强说明文的可读性，同时也为了说明事物的来源或作用。

第七招：善于完成开放性问题。中考说明文阅读，根据“新课标”中要求“注意领会作品中所体现的科学精神和科学思想方法”的要求，说明文阅读考查的题目势必要引导学生关注人类、关注自然、关注生态环境、关注科技进程、关注未来发展，有利于培养学生的科学态度、科学思想、科学品质、科学精神和科学方法。

（二）说明文阅读一般涉及11种题型：

1、考查说明对象：

答题技法：其一，要看懂题目，不少说明文题目本身就表示说明对象，如《中国石拱桥》、《苏州园林》等。其二，抓住首括句和中心句。说明文往往需要运用首括句和中心句来提示说明重点，包括说明事物的特征。反之，如果需要为说明文的语段加一个标题，也可以用说明对象作为标题。

回答时形成一个短语：本文介绍了……的……(对象加特征)。

例：《看云识天气》介绍云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

2、被说明事物的特征：

答题技法：尽量从原文中找原词原句，若没有，则注意段意、中心句。

例：《中国石拱桥》三大特点：历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

3、说明方法：1、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用：

①、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

②、分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。

③、作比较：把__________和__________加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征/事理。

④、作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。

⑤、打比方：将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

⑥、摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体形象。

⑦、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

⑧、列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

⑨、列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

⑩、引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

C、引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。

（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

4、说明顺序：有条有理地把事物的特征或事理介绍清楚。

时间顺序：即以事物发生、发展的时间先后来安排说明顺序，从而写出事物的发展变化情况。这种顺序一般用于人物的生平介绍、科学观察记录，说明事物或事理发生、发展或制作过程一类的说明文。

空间顺序：即按照事物的空间存在形式，或从外到内，或从上到下，或从前到后，或由远及近依次进行说明。这种说明顺序，一般用于说明事物的形状、构造特征。

逻辑顺序；即按照事物或事理的内部联系成人们认识事物的过程来安排说明顺序。由总到分（或由分而总）、由主而次、由现象到本质、由原因到结果、由个别到一般（或由一般到个别）、由抽象到具体、由整体到局部（或由局部到具体）等。

说明建筑物、景点等通常按照空间顺序说明。介绍事物各阶段的特点或制作过程时，往往采用时间顺序。介绍抽象事理时，则往往需要采用逻辑顺序。

近几年说明文选段多为科技类说明文，此类说明文一般是事理说明文居多，故多用逻辑顺序。

5、段意概括：

句式：说明了……介绍了……

方法：找中心句；结合本段说明特征概括，摘要联合，结合标点，尤其注意分号，认真提炼。

6、“这样”的指代义：指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。

7、段落语句顺序：

为什么不能调换段落顺序？

不能调换：原文采用由……到……的顺序介绍事物，调换后不合逻辑。

《向沙漠进军》5、6段照应上文游击战、阵地战顺序。

总分关系中分说部分与前文总说部分顺序相照应。《看云识天气》

8、语言准确性：类型1、加点字词有何作用？抓住说明文语文准确这一特点答题。

对策：答：准确/生动形象/地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理。 类型2、能否替换为另一个词语？并说明理由。

对策：答：（1）不可以。（2）原词的意思或内容。（3）所换词语的意思或内容。（4）换了后意思有何改变，与不符合实际。

类型3、限制性词语能否删去？

对策：答：（1）表态（删还是不删）。（2）定性。如：“比较”“几乎”“相当”等词表程度修辞；“大约”“可能”“左 右” 等表估计，“多”“有余”等表数量。（3）若删去，原来什么样的意思就变成了什么样的意思了，不符合实际，太绝对了。（4）xx词体现了语言的准确 性、周密性、科学性。

类型4、从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言“准确”特点的词句，并体会。

类型5：指代——“这些条件”、“这种现象”“同样道理”等在文中具体指代什么。对策：一般指的就是代词前面的那句话，找最近的一句话。有时要注意可能不是整句话，而是其中的一部分。

9、说明文的结构。

说明文的结构常见的形式有：“总——分”式、“总——分——总”式、“分——总”式、并列式、递进式等。

10、考查能否从阅读材料中捕捉重要信息，对段落的内容进行归纳；对全文要点进行概括。

技法：认真仔细阅读原文，一般都能从原文中找到答案。

（例：“死海之变”中“死海已发生了哪些巨大的地质变化？

答：（1）海水水体的分层结构消失（2）海水中的硫化氢消失（3）盐的沉积增多。

11、发散创新：近几年，开放性试题以它答案的多元性和不唯一性成为培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种重要形式，在考试中所占的比例也越来越大。综合各地开放型试题我们可以看出。这类试题大概从以下方面考查：

（1）对说明内容进行创新性的表述。

（2）对某种现象发表自己独特的看法和见解。

（3）结合实际对某个问题谈自己的认识。

（4）根据文章内容进行合理性的推断和大胆想象。

（5）由文章内容延伸到现实生活，对现实生活中相关现象进行解释。

（6）对人类关注的环境问题等提出解决的方法，拟写警示性标语、建议、广告等。这种题考查的是学生的综合能力。考查的是学生对生活的关注情况。做好这类题首先要让学生对所给材料有准确地把握，然后充分调动已有的知识和经验。再迁移到文段中来。开放性试题，虽然没有规定唯一的答案，可以各抒己见。但在答题时要从三个角度作答：

（1）是就材料回答问题。不一定按标准答案作答，意思答对就给满分；

（2）是阅读材料后受到的启示、感想。这样的答案也是具有个性化的；

（3）是从材料出发，或提出自己不同的看法。或扩散联想到其它方面。

总之。这类试题在训练理解能力的同时。训练表达能力，对答案的表述不能只靠一个符号或一个词语来完成，要写成一句或一段完整的话。在答题的同时有助于增加学生主体参与意识，扩大学生独立发表见解的余地，鼓励学生的创新意识和探究精神。

（三）对说明对象的把握。

看题目、首括句、尾结句或提问式语句。如果是事物说明文，被说明的事物既是说明对象。如果是事理说明文，说明对象则是对象加特征，答案形成一个短语：介绍了……的……。如：《看云识天气》，介绍了云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

考察对说明事物特征的把握。

答题技巧：尽量从原文中找原句作答，若没有，则注意段意、中心句。如《中国石拱桥》中关于它的三大特点：历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

（四）说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

规范性的答题模式如下：

这篇文章主要运用了……的说明方法，说明了……（内容：事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用）

2、结合修辞手法谈

规范性的答题模式如下：

这是一篇生动地说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，说明了……（内容），使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象；抒情、议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，答题的规范性格式如下：

这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有……（从“记叙、描写、说明、议论”根据内容选择），如……（具体举例），就是……（表达方式）的运用，使说明更具体形象/充满感情。

（五）说明语段的作用

（1）、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。

有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

（2）、结合说明方法谈。

通过……的说明方法，说明了……（事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用）。

Today is my grandmas birthday . She is 60 years old . The day before my grandmas birthday . I went to changshan to buy a cake for my grandma .

In the morning , I got up , then I went to her home to eat noodles. I helped my mother to clean the floor . In the lunch , I ate some delicious food and drank juce . Then my sister gave my grandma , but I was not . We cuted that cake , It cost me 328 yuan . It was so nice , but it was expensive . My grandma was very happy when she cuted that cake . We were very happy too .

[My grandmas birthday外婆的生日初中生英语作文

Today，pollution has become a serious problem to us. It means that the air，seas，rivers and land are polluted by waste or poisonous things.

It does harm not only to human beings but also to animals .

We cannot have fresh air because many factories have the poisonous smoke sent into the air. Beautiful parks are made dirty by plastic tins and bags.

Fish die from the polluted water. It is said that strange diseases have appeared in some places because of pollution.

I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem.

We are looking forward to seeing the clear sky，clean rivers and beautiful parks again.

Whale are huge animals.They live in the sea and eat small fish and other sea life.One intere sting fact is whales can jump high out of water.Some kinds of whales are in danger because humans catch them formeat,fat,and oil,and use whale parts to make candles and soap.Whales are also in danger from water pollution.We should protect whales by making rules on whale protection and by not putting rubbish into the sea.I think people should learn more about whales.

鲸鱼是巨大的动物。他们住在大海和少吃鱼类和其他海洋生物。一个兴趣刺离开水是鲸鱼能跳很高。一些种类的鲸鱼是危险的,因为人类抓注,脂肪,和石油,并利用鲸鱼部分蜡烛和肥皂。从水污染鲸鱼也处于危险之中。我们应该保护鲸鱼,鲸鱼保护规则,不把垃圾放入大海。我认为人们应该了解更多关于鲸鱼。

When I was very small, I always looked forward to the coming of Christmas

Day, because it meant that I would have presents early in the morning. It was

such an exciting thing for me. My mother told me that if I was doing well in the

year, the Santa Claus would give me bonus. I believed in it and I acted

politely. I got my present every Christmas morning and I was so proud of myself.

Now I have grown up and realize the truth of Santa Claus. I am so thankful of my

parents, as they make up the story and help me to be an excellent kid.

my father bought a computer as a birthday present for me last year. it becomes my best friend in my room. id like to play on the computer as soon as i get home. at weekends, i often play games on line with my friends.

ive made a lot of friends on the intenet. but my eyesight becomes poorer and poorer, and i am not able to finish my homework on time. its terrible that my father will remove the computer. from now on, i should pay more attention to my study.

People always say that life cant goes on well all the time, because we

will meet all kinds of difficulties. When we are students, we want to get

improved and do well in the exams. When we graduate and find a job, we need to

finish the task that boss has assigned. Even the time comes to retire, we still

need to find something to do. Setback is part of life, and we should get used to

it. When we face the difficult time, we should consider it as a test for us and

when we get through it, we will gain valuable experience. The pleasure we get

makes us proud.

With the development of technology, today, our life is facilitated with all

kinds information sources. We can read books on the Internet, which is much

convenient than buying the books in the stores. I like to read E-books, because

there are many advantages. First, I can save a lot of money. Downloading the

E-books is for free, I can find all kinds of free sources. It is good for

students because they can save the money. Second, I can save a lot of time. Some

books are not easy to be found in the bookstore, sometimes I need to go to

several shops. But if I search the Internet, then the information is in front of

me. How fast it is.

The story of a mans lifelong obsession with whales has won the ￡20,000 BBC Samuel Johnson Prize for non-fiction.

Leviathan, Or The Whale, traces British author Philip Hoares fascination with the marine mammal, which he calls "a living thing past our comprehension".

As he travels the world in pursuit of the creature, he compares his findings to Herman Melvilles Moby Dick. US journalist Jacob Weisberg, who led the panel, said Hoares passion for his subject was infectious. The authors prose "rises to the condition of literature", he added.

In explaining his fascination, Mr Hoare said: "This wonderful mysterious creature so elusive." "Theyre so under threat from climate change, from noise pollution," he went on.

的故事,一个人的终生痴迷鲸鱼赢得了￡20000年BBC塞缪尔·约翰逊非小说奖。

利维坦,或者是鲸鱼,英国作家菲利普·霍尔的痕迹对海洋哺乳动物,他称之为“生物经过我们的理解”。

他周游世界的生物,他将他的发现,赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸记》。美国记者雅各布·韦斯伯格领导小组说,霍尔对他的主题是传染性的热情。作者的散文“上升到文学的条件”,他补充道。

在解释他的魅力,霍尔先生说:“这个奇妙的神秘生物那么难以捉摸。”“他们因此受到气候变化的威胁,从噪声污染,”他继续说道。

Before I entered the middle school, I felt so worried about the life in middle school, because my cousin told me that I would have to compete with so many excellent students.

Now I get used to the life, I learn many subjects from Monday to Friday.

Though I always meet the difficulties in learning the new knowledge, I get help from my teachers and classmates.

I am not afraid of the middle school life again, I am so excited to learn new things every day.

In the future days, I will meet many challenges, I believe I can get over them. Life in middle school has happiness and sorrow, they fulfill my life.

在我进入初中以前，我很担忧初中的生活，因为我的表姐告诉我我将要和很多优秀的学生进行竞争。如今我适应了初中生活，我从周一到周五学习很多科目。虽然我总是在学习新知识时遇到困难，但是我得到了老师和同学的帮助。我不再害怕初中生活了，我对于每天学到新知识感到兴奋。在将来的日子里，我将会遇到很多困难，我相信我能克服他们。初中的生活有快乐也有忧伤，它们充实了我的生活。

[初中英语作文：初中生活

假如你是英国学生PETER在北京学习，请按下文给你的朋友MARY写一封信谈一下北京和伦敦的异同相同点：北京和伦敦都是首都和重要城市，都拥有众多人口，都是国家经济 政治 文化中心，都拥有许多历史，文化古迹不同点：伦敦；汽车靠左行小学作文 ，很多人坐汽车上班 阴天多 懂汉语人少 学生不充分利用时间

北京：汽车靠右行很多人骑自行车上班 晴天多 懂英语人多 学生学习勤奋

Dear Mary,

I have been living in Beijing for some time now and I find it very interesting here.

There are so many similarities between Beijing and London. They are both the capital of the country and are both very important cities. Both places have huge populations. They are both the economical, political and cultural center. They both have many historical and cultrual

I also found many differences in the two cities. In London we drive on the left side of the road, while in Beijing they drive on the right side. Most people in London go to work via public transportation, here in Beijing most people rides bycicles. In London the weather is always cloudy, here in Beijing most the the time it s sunny. And in London most student don t spend their time efficiently, but here in Beijing many people speak English cause they study hard.

Regards,

Peter

Oh! it was winter holiday. i was very happy. i read my favourite books. i have many wonderful books. but i could not read these books too much. i also had a lot of homework to do. i like playing computer games, too. it’s very interesting. but i could not play it too much. i wear glasses, i’m very sad. it’s not good for my eyes to play computer games too much.

Oh! it was the spring festival. it’s chinese traditional festival. people were very happy. they went shopping, cleaned their houses, had supper together……i went to my grandparents’ home with my parents. my grandparents were very happy to see us. they prepared many kinds of nice food, such as fish, meat, vegetables and fruit. in the evening, we watched tv and lighted fireworks. we also knocked on people’s doors and gave some presents to them. after the spring festival, we went to shanghai to go shopping. we bought clothes, shoes and some delicious food.

I had a good holiday, i think. i also have very nice school life now.

新年新计划(My plan for the new year)

The new year is coming!Now,its the time to make plans for the new year.Here is what I will do:

1.I will get better grades.Im good at English and Chinese, but I need to improve in my Math.Ill study better!

2.I will break my bad habits.I often get up very very late. To get early is good for my health. So Ill get up earlier than usual.

3.I will eat better.Ioften eat a lot of junk food. they are not good for my health.I should eat more fruits and vegetables.Theu will make my body healthier and stronger.

This year was a good year for me,but Ican make next year even better.Ill work hard to keep my resolutionsWhat are your plans for the new year?

Whih best wishes for the new year.

Thanksgiving Day is coming soon, it is on the fourth Thursday in December. Thanksgiving Day is very popular in western country, on that day, people will make a big turkey to eat. The day is to in honor of Indian people’s great kindness. A long time ago, some puritans took the boat May Flower to Americafor freedom, but they suffered from starvation and illness, the Indian people helped them, gave them food and treat them. The puritan planted something, they were eager to have good harvest, at last, they got it and felt very grateful to God and the Indian people, so they decided to make a day to remember this and show gratitude.

感恩节快到了，在十二月的第四个星期四。感恩节在西方国家很流行，在那一天，人们会做一个大火鸡吃。这一天是为了纪念印度人民的善良。很久以前，一些清教徒乘船可以花到美国的自由，但他们遭受饥饿和疾病，印第安人帮助了他们，给他们食物和对待他们。清教徒种植的东西，他们渴望有好的收获，最后，他们得到了它，觉得很感激上帝和印第安人，所以他们决定让一天记住和感恩。

[感恩节_初中英语作文

I am now a student of Dongzhou Middle School, but I still remember that day when I was in a primary school.

That day, the weather was so bad. When school was over, it began to rain. All of us looked very worried, so our teacher let us go home at once.

When I went out of the school gate, I saw my father standing there. I went to him at once. My father had a raincoat, because hed just had a meeting and he went to school as soon as the meeting finished, so he had no time to return home. When he saw me, he took his raincoat off and gave it to me. I didnt want to receive it. He looked at me and said, Take it. I had to put on the raincoat, but my heart was not still. I cried, and I couldnt let myself stop. Since that day, I knew my father loved me. Oh, I cant forget that day all my life.

[初三英语作文：That Day

I enjoy singing very much. While singing, my heart as well as my body is

joyful. When Im happy, I often sing out to share my happiness with others. I

also sing out to pour out my bad feelings when Im upset.

I like pop music most, because I want to follow the trend. I prefer soft

music to rock music. Since we may be very tired after a long days work, we need

a rest very much. Perhaps soft music is the best recreation for us. My favorite

pop stars are JJ and Jay Chou. They always make a wonderful performance on the

stage. Their songs are so charming. I admire them very much.

In my spare time, I often sing a song to others. Everyone is so happy to be

my listener, because Im very brave and confident. Even though I couldnt be a

professional singer, I can still get a lot of good fun from singing. Because of

singing, my life becomes more colorful.

I’m Tom。 I’m a student in Grade 7。 My school life is interesting。 I like it very much。 I have 5 classes in the morning and 3 classes in the afternoon。 I study English， Chinese， math and some other subjects。 I like English best because it’s easy and interesting。 I don’t like math because I always meet difficulties in studing math。 I try hard but it doesnt work at all。 After class， I often play basketball with my classmates。 I go to the school library for some reading twice a week。 I like my school life。 What about yours？ Can you tell me something about it？

An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway)。 For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.

Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.

英国有句谚语说，时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么?因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱，但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由，我们可以说时间比钱钱更宝贵。

许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。