初中英语说明文思维导图(优秀20篇)

【一】

I love my dog

I have a little dog. Its name is Googlo. He is three years old. He has two big eyes. Theyre black. He has one blue ear and one black ear. He is clever.

I like my Googlo. He likes playing with me. He can bark, jump and run. He can play football, basketball and volleyball. He likes playing football very much. He likes some fruit, such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears and watermelons. He enjoys his snacks.

I love my dog--Googlo. He is very interesting.

【二】

a pity day

Today my parents took me to my grandfather’s house. I played with my cousin. Suddenly my cousin suggested going to the park and having a rest. “that’s a good idea.” I said. Then we prepared for the traveling. After lunch, the sky turned dark. After that , it rained heavily. It meant our plan is impossible. What a pity day!

【三】

A letter to my mother(给妈妈的一封信)

Dear mother:

My father and Ihave been to Shanghai. The sky is blue, the scenery is very beautiful, the ground isvery clean,is much better than our city. You at home all right?Night a person are scared? Scared to turn on the light, the light will give you courage.

Dad and I are very well here, dont you worry for our trip. Today we went to Happy Valley, where thereare a lot of games to attract me, rollercoaster,pirate ship ... ... These are my first contact. Weplayed very happy, after coming home; I will sendthese photos to let you see.

We went to the Oriental Pearl yesterday. TheOriental Pearl Tower is too high; with towering intothe clouds to describe more appropriate, standing inthe viewing room of people feel scared. It is also agame room, a lot of fun things, but the price is very expensive, spent tens of Yuan. My father also like here, leave when he kept looking back, also seems to memore than greedy.

Afternoon to receive your message, I think back messages can not say many words, simply to write thisletter to you, to tell you we are here, you put theheart in the belly. Also, this several day is cold,you should pay attention to add clothes, hungry to eat out, do not be afraid to spend money, dont starveyourself thin, dad and I would be angry.

Mom, when you received this letter, maybe we just on the homeward journey......

Good luck, look forward to the moment we meet!

说明文写作历来是学生的难点，难点一在于把握不住文体特点，会写成记叙文或四不像文体;难点二在于学生选取的说明对象过于平淡，毫无特征;难点三在于语言十分乏味，难以引发阅卷老师阅读兴趣。针对以上情况，笔者进行了初中事物说明文写作指导。

一、请看作文题

请以“我的 ” 为题，写一篇事物说明文

要求

1.要抓住说明对象的特征。

2.要合理地安排说明顺序。

3.要采用恰当的说明方法。

4.不少于600字

二、抛砖引玉——老师写“下水文”

老师以同一题目写作两篇作文，一篇为记叙文，一篇为说明文，直观地指导学生区分记叙文和说明文文体的区别。

1、例文一：我的“老人机”

唉!我悲催的“老人机”!

一日，阳光明媚，春风宜人。我意气风发地上着“赏析刘禹锡”，我大声地吟唱着：“种桃道士归何处，前度刘郎今又来，哈哈，刘禹锡呀刘禹锡，你……。”“你”还未完,oppo独有的来电铃声“啦啦啦啦啦”响起，全班同学抿着嘴，你看看我，我看看你，笑容都被按在诡异的眼睛里。只有傻乎乎的万科憋红着脸，指着我的包说：“刘老师，你的电话响了。”

可悲，我的oppo-ulike ，我的新手机呀，洁白的手机外壳，多彩的手机屏保，还有特意从台湾故宫博物院带来的翠白玉手机链呀!伟大的班主任角色，为了让全班同学不带手机，我曾故作姿态说，我上课也绝不带，若手机铃声在课堂上响起，我自愿罚缴一个学期。我大步走向我的包，迅速拿出我的手机，完全不在乎地说：“等我拿出电话卡，手机给保管员吧，王子犯法都与庶民同罪，何况一介老师!”就这样我用起了我婆婆淘汰不用的一款“老人机”。

这款“老人机”可真土呀!馒头一样的外形，系着一根土蓝色的绳子，挂在脖子上，人整个成了一个傻老太太。

一日，“三·八”来临，网上疯传打折，办公室的女人们都亢奋了，胡洁老师眼睛都不转死盯电脑，口里喃喃说：“淘宝’亲’，京东‘亲’，哪个更亲?皇冠、钻石、几个钻……”，坐在离她不到三米的我顿时感觉“你看我时很远，你看云时很近”，连问：“什么意思，什么意思?”她头也不回，冷冷地说：“用老人机的人，跟你说了也白说。”我气愤地说：“机老我不老。”“老”字还未出口，我的老人机“铃铃铃铃铃铃铃”地狂响，办公室一片爆笑。

唉!我悲催的老人机!

2、例文二：我的“老人机”

我有一款“老人机”，顾名思义，就是专门研发出来供老人使用的手机。

首先从外形来看，它极其符合老人使用。它既不是流行的滑盖的，也不是时尚的翻盖的，而是直板的，乍一看，就像一个馒头。它长约11厘米，宽约5.5厘米，重约200克，塑钢的材质，这款手机拿到手里大小、重量适中，防滑耐磨。手机的正面是由屏幕和键盘两部分组成。屏幕上不似其它时尚手机般菜单栏里充斥着游戏、qq显示、闹钟、网络连接、蓝牙等，它的屏幕只有两项内容，一是硕大的时间显示(但无日期，完全没有星期几，对于老人来说每天都是星期天);二是温度显示(提醒老人注意天气变化)。键盘按键的大小是普通按键的3倍左右，数字似乎是用刀刻的，给人的触觉是凹凸有致，无论你的眼睛是老花还是近视，都完全可以仅凭触觉拨打电话。手机右边有个凹槽，突起的部件是开关，只要向上推，一道白光就会射出，原来是个手电筒。左边也有个凹槽，两个突起像多余的耳朵似的玩意是调节音量的。翻到背面，有个橘红色的按键特别显眼，上面刻着“sos”,往上一推，就会发出尖利的报警声(对突发心脏病或处于各类危急状况下的老人极为有用)。手机的最下端也有一个凹槽，是挂着手机链的，只不过，这条手机链巨长，就像开全国人代表大会代表证的绳子，为土蓝色。它的作用可不是美观，而是挂在老人的脖子上，以防丢失手机或丢失老人。

这款手机不光是外形能满足老人需要，功能更是如此。例如在“工具箱”栏下有个项目是“我的位置”，里面有具体的经度、纬度、高度、精度、当前位置，如果你即刻打开，会看到经度115.917259度，纬度28.670116度，高度75米，精度3971米，当前位置中国江西省南昌市青山湖区新魏路45号附近。“工具栏”下还有一个项目是“超级保姆”，里面有“买菜时间”、“吃药时间”、“接孩子时间”、“晨练时间”，手机到了固定时间会自动响铃及时提醒老人。如果拔出手机中的无线电线就成了一个标准的收音机，方便老人在晨练或傍晚散步时收听。最奇特的功能是它强大的来电铃声，只要铃声一响，大约方圆100米内你也可以清楚听到。

这样一款极具特色的“老人机”，你心动了吗?

三、学法指导：说明文和记叙文的区别

1、从内容上，说明文是介绍对象的形状、性质、成因、关系、功能、价值等属性，而记叙文是叙述人物的经历和事物发展变化，以写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容。

2、在表达方式上，前者是说明为主，后者是记叙和描写为主。

3、从目的上看，前者是让人们认识一种事物的特性，后者是为了表达作者的一种感情和感悟。

4、语言上，前者是准确、周密，而且语言的风格一般是平实，也有生动活泼的，但是为了服务于说明事物的需要，让人容易理解和接受。而后者是利用多种修辞手法，使文章非常生动，给人一种美的感受。

四、学法指导——怎样能写出一篇规范的事物说明文

说明文的写作要点：

1.要抓住说明对象的特征

2.要合理地安排说明顺序。

3.要采用恰当的说明方法。

4.语言要准确、简洁、通俗。

五、如何写出生动的说明文

1、穿插一些修辞手法

2、精美的语言

3、运用描写

4、例文展示：

我的一件工艺品

盘虬交错的根雕，洁白飘逸的羽扇，璀璨夺目的灯饰……工艺品在日常生活中无处不在。多数人误认为它们只是华而不实的装饰。其实不然，我家床头的小夜灯就是一件集美观和功能于一身的工艺品。

这盏小夜灯外型极其小巧玲珑，长宽不过一分米的身量，不仅不占空间，而且轻便容易携带，还不及一枚鸡蛋重。更让人过目不忘的怕是它独一无二的设计。普通夜灯大部分只是一个光溜溜的灯光，插上电源就会发出惨白的光。可这盏夜灯偏偏与众不同，一千多片大小不一的水晶薄片以各种各样的角度被乳白色万能胶疏密有致地粘合在一起，成为一颗剔透的爱心，晶片间的缝隙仿佛埃菲尔铁塔的留白，神来之笔间传递出无限韵味。别以为这仅仅是为了好看。瞧，由晶片组成的表面不单单可以使发出的光强弱交织显得华美脱俗，还能使人在使用时手与凹凸不平的灯面增大摩擦力，利于抓握而不易掉落。不过，即使摔了几下也不必担心，因为晶片灯面具有一定弹性，从约两米高的空中重重跌下，小夜灯也可以毫发无损。

这都不算什么，更神奇的还在后面。当某个漆黑的夜晚你打开小夜灯，你肯定会惊异地发现它在变色，有如变奏的焰火，时而嫣红，时而粉紫，不一会儿又在黑暗中焕发出一朵鹅黄。这是怎么回事呢?原来，在晶片灯面内部安有一枚直径大概一厘米的灯泡，这可不是普通灯炮，经过设计师改装后可发出十种颜色的光。由于灯面为半透明体，其颜色自然就随透过它的灯泡色光的不同而改变了。这样别出心裁的夜灯，用它研究物理学中色彩的奥秘也丝毫不在话下。

且慢!现在就认为已经参透了这盏夜灯的玄机还为时过早。翻过夜灯，观察它的底座。底座就在灯心形造型的背面，像是把那颗完美无缺的心削去了一部分。不要以为这就会破坏其美感。这个底座安置的位置正好使不规则的心形与桌面有了一个相接点，不仅正好掩饰了这个缺口，还增强了小夜灯的稳定性。最令人拍案叫绝的是，小小的底座上居然容纳着三样东西：开关、纽扣电池盒以及约三毫米的微型支架，真是麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。这样既不会让夜灯拉着一条长长的电线而大煞风景，也避免了晚上夜起时灯不能随人而动的麻烦。由此足见设计师的良苦用心。

我经常喜欢在睡前点上小夜灯，静静地凝视它柔和而绚丽的光芒。这是心灵手巧的设计师智慧的结晶。想必将来还会有更多这样集美观与功能于一身的工艺品出世，超越前人，为我们的生活增添乐趣。

children should be loved

most of us own a simple and good life. city born and city bred, we sometimes imagine the idyllic pastoral scene such as the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. in face, everything has its pros and cons. the other side of picture is that leftover children have become a heavy topic nowadays, because most parents of these children consider that to feed their children well and to let them grow up health and safe in body are the most important task.however, as a matter of fact, in addition to provide the basic needs for their children, parents should pay more attention to their childrens psychological needs and their education.

for one thing, parents who cannot accompany their children often need to pay more attention to their childrens psychological needs.therefore, it seems to me that government can set up a parents school for these children on holidays and organize" hand-in-hand" activity to call on more people to help them. we can also raise money to donate to these children. as the song says:"if everyone gives their love, the world will be better." its very important for us to pay more attention to these children if we want to build a harmonious society.

for another, education of leftover children is also quite important. as the saying goes, “knowledge can change our fate”, education is an effective way to change the future of those children. in order to make those leftover children grow up in health, therefore, we need to show more concern about their psychological needs and their education.

in my view, leftover children should be encouraged to live with or near their parents, which is very helpful for them to be loved and concerned, they also can have a simple and good life.

导语：你有几个好朋友呢?你觉得你们之间的友谊珍贵吗?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I have a good friend, her name is Lily. We met each other since we were five years old. At that time, I moved next to her house, because of my father’s work. I felt so lonely when I facing the new environment. Then someday, Lily played in her yard and when she saw me, she smiled at me and asked me to play with her. I was shy at first, but then I was affected by her kindness. We became good friends soon. When I meet difficulties, she will help me without hesitation. I am so thankful to her, I am so lucky to have her as my friend. Our friendship is precious.

【参考翻译】

我有一个好朋友，她的名字叫莉莉。我们在五岁就彼此认识。那时，因为我父亲的工作我搬到她的房子旁边。当我面临的新环境的时候感到如此孤单。然后有一天，莉莉在她的院子里玩耍，她看到我并对我微笑，让我和她一起玩。最初我很害羞，但是我感受到了她的友好。我们很快成了好朋友。当我遇到困难时，她会毫不犹豫地帮助我。我很感激她，我很幸运拥有她作为我的朋友。我们的友谊是珍贵的。

相关标签: 朋友Friend 感谢Thank 真诚Sincere

Once, I talked to the foreign people, he was staring at me all the time,

which made me feel not comfortable, so I chose to avoid his eyes and kept a

little distance from him. When I talked about this problem to my foreign

teacher, she told me that it was natural for them to look at you during

communication, which meant respect. While in China, people do the opposite

thing. They try to avoid eye-contact, because it is not eased to look at each

other. The different culture sometimes creates distance. The foreigners always

feel strange when they look at Chinese people’s eyes and every time when they

want to come closer to hear more clearly, Chinese people will walk away. So the

more we learn about the culture, the more we know about the world.

Recently, I saw an interested video that was shot by a young foreigner. He

played two roles-a Chinese mother and an American mother. He imitated the

reaction about how the mothers treated their children in education. It was so

obvious that Chinese mothers took care of their children all the time and they

would do all the things for them. While the American mothers focused on the

childrens independence. They would ask the kids to do housework and when they

grew up, they asked the kids to move out. Both parents showed different ways to

love their children and their love was equal, for every mother is a great

heroine.

Last year, my father bought a lovely pet for me. She has four white paws

and a white and yellow tail. She has two small ears, two green eyes and eight

whiskers on her face. Her name is Sally and she is one year old.

Do you know what it is? A cat? Yes, it is a cat. She has very short fur and

she is quite small. She weighs about 2 kilograms. She is usually very friendly

and quiet. We never frighten her or pull her tail or ears. She likes walking

around me and playing with me.

If she is hungry, she will miaow. Usually, she eats food from a tin, but

her favorite food is fish. She likes juice if it is not too cold. She likes to

chase and catch mice and sometimes she plays with butterflies. Sally often plays

with balls and pieces of string. She does not like dogs and she hates the rain.

She likes sitting on the sofa and watching TV.

Sally is a very good friend, but she is quite lazy! She never worries

because we take good care of her. She is always a happy cat.

Guo Jingming is a famous writer in China. I think all the students have

known him. He is also my favourite writer. He was born in 1983. He has published

many books, such as "Visionary"," The Summer Still Doesnt Come"…These books are

very touching.

I often cry and shed bitter tears while I am reading his books. I thought

he was a pessimistic person but now I think he is sensational person. He doesnt

want to grow up judged by this. I think he is pure and naive. Although he is a

writer, he studies well.

I admire him very much. His words are common, but they make people feel

quite close to him. I hope he can write better articles and I want to be a

writer like him when I grow up.

I like stay late at night and stay in bed late next morning. Usually, I won’t go to the bed before one o’clock. When my clock alarms the next morning, I have to struggle for a long time to get up.

Most of the time, I feel tired before class is over.

So sometimes I can’t catch with my teacher, because I can’t focus my mind.

And I don’t like vegetable. Mostly I only eat meat. I am a little fat maybe because of that. I realize my life style is unhealthy. I need to change it. I can’t sleep so late in the evening and should eat more vegetable. If I change my life style, I can make my life more wonderful.

我喜欢晚睡，第二天早上又喜欢睡懒觉。通常，不到一点我是不会去睡觉的。第二天我的闹钟响的时候，我都要挣扎很久才起来。大部分时间，在下课前我就很累了。所以有时我都赶不上老师的进度，因为我无法专心。我还不喜欢吃蔬菜。我只吃肉。可能是因为这个原因我有点胖。我意识到我的生活方式是不健康的。我要去改变。我晚上不能睡太晚，而且要多吃蔬菜。如果我改变自己的生活方式，我的生活会更加精彩的。

[初中英语作文：改变自己的生活方式

在一个新的环境中自我介绍，是将我们更好地展现在大家面前的一种方法。

初中英语作文 自我介绍

根据以下要点提示写一篇60-80词的短文。

1、在学校学习汉语、英语、数学、历史和一些其他学科；

2、我学习很努力，最喜欢的学科是英语，经常找机会练习英语；

3、现在中国已经加入世贸组织wto，并且2008年奥运会将在北京举行，英语正变得越来越重要；

4、我将更加努力学习英语，将来为祖国作贡献。

I study Chinese、English、maths and History and some other subject at school.I study hard. My favorite subject is English.I often find chance to practice English.China has joined WTO and Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics,English is more and more important .I will study hard and be dedicate to my homeland.

同学们有没有准备好自己的自我介绍呢？这可是一个很好的表现的机会哦！

初中英语写作范文：保护眼睛

眼睛对我们很重要，同学们一定要很好的保护自己的眼睛哦。

I remember once upon a time, when I was running 800meters, I felt there

seemed to be the impossible mission for me, I wanted to give up, then my teacher

told me that I should not think about the 800meters, I should set up 100meters

for myself, then I wouldn’t be so tired. I did as he told me, indeed, every time

when I finished the small goal, I was happy, in the end, I finished the running.

I learn the lesson that we need to set up the best goal, it means we can make

the small goals, which are so easy for us to realize. Then every time we finish

the small goal, we will close to our final destination.

China has always had a splendid traditional culture, and there are Dragon Boat Festival, qingming festival, National Day... I like the Spring Festival best.

The streets are full of lanterns, people are busy buying couplets, the annual goods, the arrival of the Spring Festival

Every time Chinese New Year, we young children wear new clothes, wear new hats, the adults face a satisfied smile. Its been a great year for people to eat family reunion dinner. In the evening, the grown-ups are playing mahjong, playing poker, and eating melon seeds, chatting and talking. Children like to set off fireworks. The bold children go to the fire, the timid children look behind. Fireworks are colorful... Just play and play! Have fun!

It was a long time before I left my friends to go home. I thought to myself, "I wish I could spend the Spring Festival every day."

On December 25, I spent a memorable happy Christmas!

That day, I meet in schools and students, and the boy to a super fly snow, hee hee, look to bully my boy, do I fly snow, I think only KuangPen KuangPen, see they bully me, finally at half past seven, I finally want to use my weapon, think that the boy to so many people!

We took only a few, blame him, to spell, have never thought the boy so much, I defy spirit, picked up the blowing bottle, ran to the boy, unexpectedly, spray in my eye.

I feel, is that guy use , others also spray dead boy, but, we are still less than boys, make a few girls cry, we know that our dead, unexpectedly Zhang Wen we ran, pull the boy also ran to come over, organize a reunion...

This is a carnival of Christmas!

Father’s Day is coming and you must be thinking of giving a present to your

father。 Different people like different kinds of gifts。

If you have enough pocket money， you can buy a useful but not expensive

thing， like a tie。 I think your father will like it。 But if you don’t have

enough pocket money， you can do something that you can do， for example， you can

prepare a cup of tea。 When your father comes back from work， he can drink

it。

No matter what you do， the most important thing is to make your father

happy on Father’s Day。 Don’t you think so?

The summer holiday is coming. I’m going to have a good rest and learn to

relax myself. I will read more useful books because reading more books is not

only interesting but also helps me learn more knowledge. I will try to spend

more time in chatting with my parents and help them to do some housework. I am

going to take part in the social activities so that I can know more about the

society. If possible, I’d like to make a trip to Xiamen. I’m sure I’ll have an

interesting and meaningful summer holiday. I am looking forward to it..

Dear Michael，

You want to know the changes about my hometown。 You know， great changes

have taken place since 60 years ago。

In the past， the living conditions were very poor。 There were not many

buses or cars， and the roads were narrow。 Usually， a big family was crowed into

a small， dark house。 Most families couldn’t get enough food。 The communications

were simple and slow。 People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far

away mainly by letter or telegram。

Thanks to the government， our hometown has developed rapidly in recent

years。 The living conditions are much better and more comfortable。 The roads are

wide。 Some people have their own cars。 Most of the people have lived in big new

houses。 Quite a few adults have mobile phones。 Because of many good policies， I

think our lives will become better and better。

Sincerely

Kang Min

2015年寒假又来啦，放假虽然开心，但是也不要忘了学习呢，下面应届毕业生网为你精心准备了关于日常生活的英语作文，仅供参考：

Though my daily life is extremely monotonous, I try hard to adapt myself to it. Why? Because I intend to be a good student. I wish to render service to my country.

I get up at six o’clock every day. After I wash my face and brush my teeth, I begin to review my lessons. I go to school at seven o’clock.

After school is over, I return home. We usually have supper at seven o’clock.Then I begin to do my homework. I want to finish it before I go to bed.

一、要抓住事物的特征

一篇说明文写得好不好，主要看它有没有抓住事物的特征，写出来是不是使读者得到具体而明确的认识。比如，你参观了动物园，要向小读者介绍长颈鹿。什么是长颈鹿的主要特征呢?跑得快，斑纹美丽，这些都不是长颈鹿独具的特点。长颈鹿最主要的特征是脖子长，它是世界上最高的动物，母鹿身高四米多，公鹿五米左右，最高的记录是五米七八。它有四条又细又长的腿，还长着一个特别长的脖子。令人惊奇的是，它的颈椎骨只有七块，数目和人的颈椎骨一样。长颈鹿的七块颈椎骨排起来，就是它的长脖子，每块颈椎骨的长度就可想而知了。只有把这些写清楚，才算抓住了长颈鹿的主要特征，称得上是一篇较好的说明文。否则，你就说不明白。

那么，怎样去抓特征呢?

首先，要细致观察。文章是客观事物的反映，只有深入细致观察，才能对事物了解得清楚。河南郑州市七中刘伟同学写了一篇介绍《粉蝶》的说明文，文中对粉蝶的种类、形态、生活习性，粉蝶为什么不能在清晨飞舞，以及它对农作物有哪些危害等等，都写得清清楚楚，有根有据。这篇说明文曾被一些学校选为教材。刘伟同学为什么能写出这样好的文章呢?这是因为他平时时生物就有浓厚的兴趣，并且能亲自实践，仔细观察。两年里，他制作了四百多个标本，光粉蝶标本就制了三百多个，共有五、六个种类。他在谈体会时写道：

“昆虫的个体很小，特别是头部构造很难观察。我就向老师借了一个放大镜，我观察的东西就广泛了，昆虫中有粉蝶、蜜蜂、蝗虫、蜻蜓、蚊子、苍蝇等等;植物叶子中有柳叶、梧桐叶、榆叶、槐叶等等，还有草叶和花木……我常把放大镜、笔、记录本带在身边，上下学路上，去公园游玩时抽空作些观察，并记下主要观察内容。”

其次，要查阅资料。我们不能事事亲身经历，而说明文又要求特征准确，材料翔实，这就需要查阅有关的资料，靠前人总结出来的经验来印证。比如，有个在长沙读书的中学生，到北京旅游，参观了故宫，很想向同学们进行介绍。于是，他不但记下了参观的印象，还买了一张《故宫旅游图》和一本《北京十大名胜》，从中了解故宫的历史、地理位置和建筑特点。这样，他就知道：“故宫又名紫禁城，是我国明朝和清朝两代的皇宫，有五百多年的历史。整个宫城呈长方形，占地七十二万平方米，有大小宫殿七十多座、房屋九千多间。周围环绕着十多米高的城墙，墙外是五十多米宽的护城河。城墙的四角上，各有一个玲珑奇巧的角楼。故宫建筑群规模宏大，布局统一。我国明朝初年，为了修建这座宫城，曾经‘役使十万工匠和百万夫役。’故宫是我国古代劳动人民血汗和智慧的结晶。”上面说的这些具体数字、建筑特点，不查阅必要的资料，自然很难掌握。

最后，还要学会比较。世界上的事物千差万别，不同的事物有不同的特点，即使是一类事物，也各具特征。世界上没有绝对相同的两片树叶。孪生兄弟，长得再相似，也能区别出来。抓住事物的特征，就是抓住这个事物区别于其他事物的不同特点，从共性中发现个性，从一般中找到特殊。事物的特征往往在同别的事物相比较中显示出来。比如，要说明中国是一个大国，这个“大”字就很有学问。你可以直接说，中国的面积有九百六十万平方公里，也可以用比较的方法来说明。中国的面积，与法国比，有十七个法国大;与日本比，有二十五个日本大;与英国比，有三十九个英国大;我们祖国的面积，相当于整个欧洲。这样一比较，既具体，又生动，很有说服力。

总之，要抓住说明对象的特征，一方面靠亲身实践，细致观察，另一方面又要善于向书本和有经验的人学习，同时还要周密思考。学会比较，努力去熟悉所要说明的事物。

二、说明要有条理

要想写好一篇说明文，除了要抓住事物的特征外，还要掌握事物本身的条理。依据事物本身的条理来说明，就是要从复杂情况中理出头绪，把事物的特征，事物各部分的关系说清楚，所谓说明有条理，就是行文线索要清楚，层次要分明，不能想到哪里，写到哪里。如果颠来倒去地写，文章的头绪紊乱，同样也会说不明，道不白。叶圣陶先生写过一篇《景泰蓝的制作》的说明文，十分注意文章的条理性。作者抓住“做胎”“掐丝”、“涂色”、“烧制”、“打磨”五道关键的工序，对每道工序的制作和原理都做了详细的说明。结构严紧，条理清楚。

说明文有两种，一种是说明具体事物，如介绍一种新品种;一种是说明抽象事物，如“什么是世界?”。但是无论是具体事物还是抽象事物，都有其特征，都有它的构造和结构，只要我们遵循事物的规律，按照一定顺序加以说明，条理也就清楚了。

说明具体事物的文章，可以由上到下，由前到后，由外到内，由主到次地写，使读者容易了解各部分的相互关系。例如，你们学过的《第比利斯地下印刷所》一文，作者茅盾是这样介绍这个普通小院的结构的：

“这个院子跟附近的许多院子没有什么差别，周围是半人高的木栅栏;左边是一间独立的小屋，屋里有一口井;右边是两间正屋，每间大约一丈见方，前面有走廊;正屋的下面是个地下室，半截露在地面，是做厨房用的，从一边小梯子走下去。

——这样一个院子，在当年是第比利斯小市民住宅的标准样式。

读了这段文章，我们对这个地下印刷所的方位、构造和样式一目了然，就是因为作者按照这样的顺序来说明——由外到内，由左到右，由上到下。

有的同学在介绍具体事物的时候，没有事先根据这些事物的相互关系理清脉络，归纳分类，结果往往容易出现关系凌乱、层次不清的毛病。例如，有一篇介绍商品的文章是这样写的：

“青年食品商店出售各种罐头、干果、香烟和名酒。有菠萝罐头、桔子罐头!荔枝干，有中华牌香烟、牡丹牌香烟、前门牌香烟;有桂元干、葡萄干，有汾酒、竹叶青，还有清蒸元鱼罐头以及闻名世界的茅台酒等等，花色多样，品种齐全。”

这段话中所列举的商品，既有种概念，又有属概念，既有并列的关系，又有从属的关系。作者没有按照这些商品之间的内在关系归纳说明，而是想到哪里写到哪里，层次不清，条理不明。这段话应该改为：

“青年食品商店出售各种罐头、干果、香烟和名酒。罐头有菠萝罐头、桔子罐头、清蒸元鱼罐头等;干果有桂元干、葡萄干、荔枝干等、香烟有中华牌、牡丹牌、前门牌等;名酒有茅台酒、汾酒、竹叶青等。花色多样，品种齐全。”

说明抽象事物的文章，不但要说明事物是“这样的”，而且要进一步说明“为什么会这样的。”这就要按照人们认识事物的规律，步步深入地加以说明，或由浅入深，或由表及里，或由具体到抽象，或由原因到结果，或由现象到本质，或由数量到质量，或由特殊到一般等等。例如，鸟为什么会飞?人为什么会做梦?都属于这一类。如果是说明事物的变化发展过程，可以按照时间的顺序。如果属于介绍生产技术，可以按照生产的程序。只有按照事物本身的条理，来确定说明的顺序，文章才能写得眉目清楚。

当你读完这篇文章以后，请你不妨做做这样的练习：

假如你有一位在北京上学的朋友，暑假里，他想到韶山参观毛主席的故居(你住在韶山附近)，希望你陪他一起参观。但是，他不知道怎么走最方便，怎样才能顺利地找到你家。那么，请你写封信告诉他：你家的地址，从北京到长沙应该坐几次车，到了长沙，又怎样才能找到你的家，你家的四周有些什么可供辨认的特点和标志。要求使你的朋友看了你的信以后，在路上不必多打听就能顺利地找到你家。

三、说明文的语言要确切、简洁、通俗

确切：说明文内容的科学性和专业性都比较强，它要求语言要确切，不能夸大和缩小。比如，有个同学知道他们学校种了很多树，绿化搞得不错，他在《我们的校园》一文中写道：“我们学校的绿化面积在全市中学居首位。”这样写就有不够准确的地方。如果有人问：“贵校的绿化面积到底有多少?你怎么知道别的学校都不如贵校呢?”这位同学恐怕就不好回答，因为他只知道本校绿化搞得好，还来不及进行一番仔细的调查研究。所以，这句话可以改为：“目前，我校的绿化是全市绿化搞得好的学校之一。”加上“目前”二字，不包括“过去”和“未来”;加上“之一”，就不是“唯一”。这样就比较确切了。

语言确切，首先是用词准确。说明文最忌含糊其词，什么“大概”、“差不多”、“可能”……模棱两可，该肯定不肯定，该否定不否定，用来说明事物就不容易做到恰如其分。《中国石拱桥》一文中有这样一段话：“赵州桥横跨在洨河上……修建于公元六○五年左右，到现在已经一千三百多年了，还保持着原来的雄姿……赵州桥非常雄伟，全长五十点八二米，两端宽约九点六米，中部略窄，宽约九米。”

这段话中的数字，有的是约数，有的是确数。因为赵州桥在哪年建成，史书上已经找不到确凿的记载，所以只能说个约数;而赵州桥的长度，却精确到小数点后两位，这不但要说明实有其桥，而且从这些具体精确的数字，可以看出我国古代劳动人民的智慧。写说明文，一定要下功夫选取“最恰当的”、“最精确的”语言来表达。

简洁：语言简洁，就是精炼，干净利落，用尽可能少的话，把事物说清楚，不要罗嗦重复、拖泥带水。比如“大雪把铁路淹没无踪”，“下水游泳应注意些什么”，这两句话中的“无踪”和“下水”都是重复多余的话，应该删去。

为了做到说明文的语言简洁，还要防止不必要的“引伸”和“寓义”。有些同学习惯于写记叙文，喜欢形容和描写，初学写说明文，有时也要来一番“引伸”和“寓义”。比如，有一篇介绍《松树和柳树》的说明文，结尾是这样写的：

“我们既要学习松树坚强不屈的品格，又要学习柳树栽在哪里，就在哪里生根的精神。”

记事抒情的文章，自然可以这样写，说明文就没有必要了，写了反而“画蛇添足”，不简洁了。

通俗：语言通俗，就是运用群众中明白通顺的话，把本来是抽象的概念说得具体生动，把本来深奥的道理说得浅显易懂。下面，让我们看看这段说明：

几千年来，劳动人民注意了草木荣枯，候鸟去来等自然现象同气候的关系，据以安排农事。杏花开了，就好象大自然在传语要赶快耕地;桃花开了，又好象在暗示要赶快种谷子，布谷鸟开始唱歌，劳动人民懂得它在唱什么：“阿公阿婆，割麦插木。”这样看来，花香鸟语，草长莺飞，都是大自然的语言。

这些自然现象，我们古代劳动人民称它为物候。

以上一例，是关于什么是物候的说明。作者使用的语言通俗，说明具体而生动。它把气候变化和动物活动、植物生长、农业生产的关系都说清楚了。

说明文的语言要通俗，并不是不要生动、有趣。叶圣陶先生在《文章例话》中说：“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话，说明文未尝不可带一点风趣。”有些说明文运用拟人、比喻、引用等修辞手法，写得很有趣昧。例如：

(1)庄稼有了化学朋友，就不怕生物界敌人的进攻了。

(2)蜻蜓被誉为昆虫里的“飞行之王”。在闷热的夏季，暴雨将至或骤雨初歇，蜻蜓常常三五成群在空中飞舞。它好似一架飞机，而飞行技巧却远远高超于飞机之上。

(3)“白露早，寒露迟，秋分种麦正当时。”这是华北中部地区流行的一句农谚。这句农谚说明种庄稼要看节气。

例①运用拟人写法，读来颇有情趣。例②把蜻蜓和飞机相比，贴切生动，使被说明的事物变得浅显易懂。例③引用农谚，通俗地讲解了节气与种庄稼的关系。

Last night, I watched a movie, it is about two teenagers, they have cancer, but the boy is positive about life while the girl is negative about life. They meet each other, then the girl is affected by the boy, she starts to see the beautiful things in her life. I am so moved by the movie, though the ending of the movie is not so perfect, we see the change of the girl’s life. The topic of the movie is to tell people to be positive about life, no matter what happens, even the bad fortune they get, they still need to smile every day. People need to find the beauty of life, so they won’t life live without meaning.

昨晚，我看了一部电影，那是关于两个青少年，他们身患癌症，但是男孩对生活很乐观，然而女孩子却对生活很悲观。他们遇见了彼此，然后女孩受到了男孩子的影响，她开始看到了生活的美好食物。我被这部电影深深地感动，虽然电影的结局不是那么的完美，但是我们看到了女孩生活的改变。电影的主题是告诉人们要对生活乐观，无论发生什么事情，即使他们遇到不幸，仍然需要每天乐观面对生活。人们需要发现生活的美，这样他们就不会活得没有意义。

[美丽人生初中英语作文

这几天，我和妈妈一起去了西安。西安古色古香的景色真是让人过目不忘，我带你来看看吧。

第一天，我和妈妈一起去看秦兵马俑。

我早早就听说过秦始皇兵马俑的雄伟和壮观，但是不亲临其境还是难以体会到这种叹为观止的壮丽。

我从课文中了解到：兵马俑规模宏大。已发掘的三个俑坑，总面积达19120平方米，足有两个半足球场那么大，坑内有兵马俑近8000个。在三个俑坑中，一号坑最大，东西长230米，南北宽62米，总面积有14260平方米，坑里的兵马俑也最多，共有6000个左右。一号坑上面，现在已盖起了一座巨大的拱形大厅。走进大厅，人们无不为兵马俑的恢宏气势和高超的制作工艺所折服。站在高处鸟瞰，坑里的兵俑，马俑相间，一行行，一列列，十分整齐，排成了一个巨大的长方形军阵，看上去真像是秦始皇当年统率的一支南征北战，所向披靡的大军。真的是这样的吗?我怀着疑问去参观秦兵马俑。

我们一进大门口，就匆匆赶到了一号坑。我刚刚迈进一号坑，就被这雄伟壮丽的场景惊呆了。这成千上百的兵马俑密密麻麻，整整齐齐的排列在坑内。我们依次看到了将军俑，武士俑，骑兵俑，兵车俑，弓弩俑和马俑。他们个性鲜明，神态各异，千人千面，没有一个是重复的，真是让我大吃一惊。我听导游说，兵马俑的靴子前面翘的程度能看出他们的官职，靴子前面翘的越高就代表官位越大。这个小知识，我还是头一次听呢!

我们依次观看了1，2，3秦兵马俑展厅，我获得的知识可真不少，比如兵马俑这么高大，以前的人也长得这么壮实吗?其实不是，秦始皇希望自己的军队可以人强马壮，所以他把希望体现在了兵马俑上。

兵马俑雄伟壮丽，所向披靡，其中还有很多的奥秘等待我们去探索。

下面是语文迷网整理提供的35个初中英语写作会用到的句型，大家一起来看看吧。

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + haveever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：

Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句：

Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)

例句：

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)

例句：

There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)

例句：

It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)

例句：

There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)

例句：

An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)

例句：

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)

例句：

So precious is time t

that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)

例句：

Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more+ Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...，..能够..)

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)

It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)

It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)

例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.(过去...年来，...一直...)

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

例句：It pays to help others.

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、be based on (以...为基础)

例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)

例句：We should bring home to people the valueof working hard.

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~(因为...)

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十三、do good to (对...有益)，do harm to (对...有害)

例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去...)

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。