初中英语说明文思维导图优秀20篇

I have studied in my middle school for three years.My life in middle school is rich and I have learned a lot. I get knowledge from text books as well as from extra curricular activities. I studied hard in the past three years so that I got perfect scores. But, I also attach importance to other aspects, such as making friends, hobbies, health and sports. I build good relationships with my classmates. They become an important part of my life.I like to chat with them after class that makes me relax and comfortable. My hobby is swimming. Every Sunday morning, I go to swim with my friends or my father. When I have fun, I build a healthy body. Its so great to me. In one word, my life in middle is colorful and unforgettable.

初中英语作文大全：我的一天

【—：我的一天】下面是为大家介绍的关于我的一天，好好看看吧。

My Day（我的一天）

I get up early at six every day. After doing some morning exercises, I read English for twenty minutes. At seven I have breakfast. After breakfast I take my schoolbag and go to school. Our class begins at eight, and we have four classes in the morning. After lunch at 12 o’clock, I take a short rest in the classroom. We have three more classes in the afternoon.After school at five , I go back home. I often help my mother do some housework. Sometimes I watch TV. After dinner, I begin to do my homework. Then I take a shower. I go to bed at nine thirty.

以上就是关于我的一天的介绍，同学们你的一天是怎样的，也来介绍一下吧，相信你的一天会更充实的。

初中英语语法之副词

【—语法之副词】下面是对英语中副词的用法知识讲解学习，同学们我们一起来分享下面的知识吧。

副词的用法

(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。

He studies very hard. (作状语)

Life here is full of joy. (作定语)

When will you be back? (作表语)

副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：

1)时间副词

时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：

He often comes to school late.

What are we going to do tomorrow?

He is never been to Beijing.

2)地点副词

地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：

I met an old friend of mine on my way home.

He went upstairs.

Put down your name here.

3)方式副词

方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：

The old man walked home slowly.

Please listen to the teacher carefully.

The birds are flying high.

He runs very fast.

4)程度副词

程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：

Her pronunciation is very good.

She sings 初中数学 quite well.

I can hardly agree with you.

5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：

How are you getting along with your studies?

Where were you yesterday?

Why did you do that?

(2)副词在句中的位置

1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：

Mr Smith works very hard.

She speaks English well.

2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：

He usually gets up early.

I’ve never heard him singing.

She is seldom ill.

3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：

It is a rather difficult job.

He runs very fast.

He didn’t work hard enough.

4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：

On my way home, I met my uncle.

The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.

(3)部分常用副词的用法

1) very, much

这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：

She is a very nice girl

I’m feeling much better now.

初中英语作文大全之自然灾害

【—之自然灾害】下面老师就为同学们带来一篇关于自然灾害的范文，供同学们写作参考。

Natural Disasters

In the past hundred years, there have heen frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, seismic sea waves, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts.

The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land. Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth. We have cut down too many trees in the forests,we have badly polluted the environment, we have shocked our own home-planet time and again with tremendously powerful explosions of nuclear bombs. As a result, climates have become abnormal, rainwater rushes down hillsides angrily, and the underground energy goes up to revenge itself on us.

The earth is our only home-planet. It is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it and make it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.

自然灾害在现今社会已经发生的越来越平凡了，是什么造成了今天的地步呢？同学们想想原因看看吧！

初中英语作文大全之初中暑假英语日记

【—之初中暑假英语日记】下面老师就为同学们带来一篇关于初中暑假英语日记，供同学们写作参考。

I often go to see my grandma and grandpa during my summer vacation.They are both seventy years old and live in the country happily. Summer view of the countryside is very beautiful. I can do many interesting things there. I am used to getting up early in the morning breathing the fresh airlistening to the birds singing and enjoying the green trees red flowers and the river. I like fishing with my friends.

When night comes I sit under the tree with my grandma listening to her telling me many funny stories. And I tell her some new things happening in the city. When I have to go backI am always reluctant to go. I really feel happy living in the country.

同学们在暑假时期是不是遇到很多有趣的事呢？尝试着写下来吧！

初中英语名词所有格语法大全

【—名词所有格】名词所有格也是在英语中是非常常见的一种现象，关于名词所有格，下面就是老师为同学们带来的名词所有格，供学生们学习参考。

1、名词所有格

名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：

(1)一般情况下在词尾加"s"。例如：

Kates father Kate的爸爸

my mothers friend 我妈妈的朋友

(2)如果复数名词以s结尾，只加""。例如：

Teachers Day 教师节

The boys game 男孩们的游戏

(3)如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"s"。例如：

Childrens Day 儿童节

Womens Day 妇女节

(4)表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：

Lucy and Lilys room Lucy 和Lily的房间

Kate and Jims father Kate 和Jim的爸爸

动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。

a map of China 一幅中国地图

the name of her cat 她的猫的名字

a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片

the door of the bedroom 卧室的门

对于名词所有格的相关介绍，上面还是比较全面的，如果同学们还不是很了解的话，可以多多看看。

形容词ashamed的两个搭配

1. be ashamed of (doing) sth 对(做)某事感到羞愧或惭愧。如：

You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你实在应该对此感到惭愧。

He was ashamed of asking [having asked]such a simple question. 他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。

He is ashamed of his failure [having failed]. 他对自己的失败感到羞惭。

比较以下同义句型：

I am ashamed of that. / I am ashamed of myself for that. 我对此感到羞愧。

He is ashamed of being poor. / He is ashamed of himself for being poor. 他因为穷而感到羞惭。

2. be ashamed to do sth

(1) 因感到难为情或感到差耻而不愿某事。如：

I am ashamed to say so. 这样说我不好意思。

He was too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思请求帮助。

(2) 对做某事而感到羞愧或惭愧。如：

You should be ashamed to tell such lies. 撒这样的谎你应该感到羞愧。

He was ashamed to have made some careless mistakes. 他因出了些很粗心的差错而感到惭愧。

注：该用法有时可换成 that 从句。如上面最后一句也可说成：

He was ashamed that he had made some careless mistakes.

再比较：

他因说谎而感到羞惭。

正：He was ashamed of having lied.

正：He was ashamed to have lied.

正：He was ashamed that he had lied.

初中英语作文大全之当学生的好处

【—之当学生的好处】当学生有什么好处呢？下文老师为大家带来当学生的好处的英语范文，供同学们参考！

Good of Being a Student

Many students complain that its difficult to be a student because of the endless classes and examinations. Besides, we spend all our time in study so that we cant do what we really want to do. However, in my opinion, its good to be a student. Firstly, all we need to worry about is our study. As long as we want, we can study with our whole-heart and then play. Secondly, the pressure of a student is much less than to be a worker. After graduation, many things will change and the world seems so different from what we see in school. Finally, teachers are tolerant and patient. They are likely to teach us what we should do and what we cant do. And, if we make mistakes, teachers will help us correct them patiently. After graduation, few people would do these to us. In short, its good to be a student although we have endless homework and examinations.

很多学生抱怨当学生难，因为有无尽的课和考试。而且，我们花所有的时间在学习上以至于不能做我们真正想做的事。但是，在我看来，当学生是好的。首先，我们需要担心的只是我们的学习。只要我们想，我们就可以全心学习然后再玩。其次，学生的压力比工人的压力要少得多。毕业后，很多东西都变了，世界和我们在学校看到的是不一样的。最后，老师是有忍耐力和耐心的。他们会教会我们应该做什么和不能做什么。而且，如果我们犯了错误，老师会耐心地帮我们改正。毕业后，很少有人会对我们做这些。总之，尽管我们有很多作业和考试，当学生还是有好处的。

当学生的好处是否如上处所说的那样呢？同学们也将它的好处例举下来吧！

初中英语作文 《祖国的变化》

Great changes have taken place in China. Many new buildings have been built in cities, towns and villages.

The more cars we have, the more crowed the roads are. So the roads become wider and wider. Many overpasses (立交桥) have been built in big cities. Chinese people’s life is much better than ever before. We have Tv sets, washing machines, fridges, even computers, cars etc.

We’ll study harder and make our countrry stronger and more beautiful.

Dear Wang Han（亲爱的王涵）

My school life is interesting（我的校园生活很有趣）.We have many subjects to learn（我有许多科目要学习）.My favourite subject is English（我最喜欢的科目是英语）.Because my English teacher（以为我的英语老师）,Miss White（怀特小姐）,is kind to me（对我是慈祥的）.I don’t like math（我不喜欢数学）.I think it’s a little difficult（我认为它有一点困难）.

After school（放学后）,I like playing basketball reading books（我喜欢打篮球和读书）.Sometimes（有时）,my classmates and I play games on the playground（我的同学和我一起在操场上玩游戏）.I’m happy at school（我在学校非常开心）.I love my school life（我爱我的校园生活）.

Yours,

Lucy.

Dear Mike,

How are you? Im really glad that you are interested in traditional Chinese

festivals. There are many traditional festivals in China, such as Spring

Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and so on. Id like to introduce the Spring Festival to

you. Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China. It

usually lasts for 15 days.

Days before the festival, people clean their houses. They think cleaning

sweeps any bad luck. They decorate their houses with paper cuts. On the eve of

the festival, family members get together and have big meals. Then they watch

the Spring Festival Gala on TV. At midnight, they set off fireworks to welcome

the New Year. During the festival, kids get lucky money from old people. People

visit their relatives and friends. They wish each a happy year and good luck.

How happy we are.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Liu Wei

童丹阳： Love may not be great, but we can find love everywhere, even in some small things, if we use our heart to feel it.

丁清之：Even though we can’t see each other, but we can feel each other. That’s love.

Jimmy: Love is more like friendship taken to a further level. It is a companionship that can last through hardships, joys, and even dull and boring times, with passion and comradeship.

林鹏： Love is the most valuable thing in the world that nothing else can surpass.

方驰：Love is when you miss somebody, like your mother or father and when you return the indescribable feeling that flls your heart you feel happy, you feel this thing is the most important in your life.

王潜：love is when you are ill, someone will look after you. Love is when you fall down, someone will lift you.

书面表达是近几年初中英语中考的重要题型，是一种反映学生表达、传递信息和解决实际问题的重要的语言测试手段，同时也是用于测试学生的语言交际能力和语言知识活用能力的一项综合性试题。《英语课程标准》对各个年级学生“写”的技能提出了明确目标，它要求学生具有较高的书面语言表达能力。然而，目前初中英语教学的书面表达相对滞后，学生的写作水平提高甚微，一提起写作学生们就犯愁，甚至一字不写，有的干脆放弃。写一篇像样的英语作文对80%的学生来说是“难于上青天”。究其原因是多方面的。学生方面：(1)汉语影响、生词造句;(2)词汇贫乏、搭配不当;(3)句型误用、语法不通;(4)信息不全、条理紊乱。因此，笔者结合新教材的内容，在教学中探索了学生写作训练的方法。

一、积累词汇

初中学生在阅读理解方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear， crowded/uncrowded，polite/impolite/rude.词形相似的词except/expect，chance/change/challenge.这样，通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。

二、活用词句

当学生有了一定的词汇量的时候，教师在教学中可以采用先易后难的方法，让学生用简单的词组成句子，再以句子的构成作为学生进行写作训练的起点，引导学生从对单个句型的掌握，逐渐过渡到多种句型的混用，直到学生能连贯自如地表达思想。一句多译，句型转换，是书面表达能力的关键。总的来说，教师在平时的教学中要将日常生活中经常出现的词、句作为材料让学生训练，使学生乐于接受，轻松完成，享受成功感。

例如：以study为中心组成句子。

I study in No.3 Middle School.I study very hard.My sister studies in the same school.But she studies harder than me.等等。

三、创设情景

例如，学生举行运动会，开“生日聚会”，以“A sports meeting”和“My birthday party”为语境，让学生在活动中仔细观察，亲身体验，然后试着用自己所学的语言知识，表达“A sports meeting”和“My birthday party”这些话题。在我们新教材的每个单元中，都设有写作训练题，它们用英语设置语境，用英语提示内容，这些写的练习，与我们平时用汉语给语境、用英语完成段落的方式相比，更为理想。当然，教师在设立语境话题时要与学生的水平和能力相适应，应从简到难，从浅到深进行。否则，学生会无从下笔，久而久之，他们会失去信心。

四、注重听、说和阅读的培养

在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一，是与英语的听说读不可分割的，它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体，必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展。

比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前演讲”：在上正课前五分钟里，要学生用英语讲述一个故事(积累素材);或者课前朗读一篇短小精 的文章，让大家课后模仿;或者就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言;或者让学生自立主题，围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话。这种课前训练取得了很好的效果。

五、写英文日记

要养成记英语日记勤练笔的习惯。经常用英语记日记等于天天在练笔，这无疑是提高英语写作行之有效的好办法。在记日记时，不要总是用简单句，要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型和复合句等，使文句更优美生动。对一些所给情景写的文章，写好后要对照一些范文，找出差距，然后再去练习，不仅能促使学生及时巩固所学的知识，还能锻炼他们的恒心和学习毅力，同时对提高英语作文也是很有帮助的。只有这样，学生才能通过多练习提高英语写作水平。

总之，学生英语写作水平的提高不是一朝一夕的事，英语写作能力培养的训练方法也是多方面的，因此需要我们英语教师在教学工作中不断探索、不断研究，总结出一些更富有创新活力的英语写作方法。鼓励学生平时要多积累语素材，要求他们坚持长期写作训练，做到善于思考、勤于训练、勇于探究，充分发挥学生的潜力。久而久之，学生的写作水平就会有大幅度的提高。

Our familys puppy is called "yellow yellow". It is long with a long yellow hair; watery eyes still long with sweat more than the nose; tail hairy, like a long chicken scattered.

One time to see it cute? Haha! Or let me tell you! Once, I came home from school, happy to pick up my fathers cell phone, ready to "yellow" camera. I came to the kennel before the call to the "yellow ... ... yellow", it immediately fleeing out from the bushes, hurry to run in front of me, shaking the hairy big tail.

I looked, hurriedly squatted down, opened the phone. "Yellow yellow" in front of me back and forth a few steps to see me open the phone, turned down, his tongue spit it out, as if to say: "master. Shoot good ah!" I read, give it a shot A big head stickers, after the film, I got it in front of him to see just take a good photo. Looking at the phone in their own, "yellow" happy shaking his tail, as if to show off, said: "look at me, how handsome! Do you have me than handsome?

Another time, about 10 oclock or so, "yellow" to see a black and fat rat, brave and brave it rushed up, but unfortunately did not catch, it was run to the board, and this scene just I saw it, and I called "yellow yellow", it heard my call, quickly ran over, so when it came, I said: "Go and catch the mouse!" It seems to understand my words , Standing next to the board for a while, did not wait. So, it looked at me with a poor look, as if to say: "Lord ... Master, I ... did not catch the mouse, I ... ..."

"Well, do not catch it!" I said with a grin. The voice of the original, sad it has become a lively and lovely puppy, went to me, with my tongue on my feet, or biting the hairy big tail.

Ah! "Yellow", you really have been lovely puppy ah! I am proud of you.

In order to let me have a full and happy summer vacation,I made a plan for

the summer vacation.

Every day,I will go to exercise for an hour,it can let me have a strong

healthy body.I will arrange two hours to do the teacher the assignment.Reading

for an hour,reading can let me know a lot of extra-curricular knowledge,to the

all-round development.We will accumulate some good word,when reading a book to

improve my writing.

Except,I will also let the parents give me quote some interest groups,let

me batteries.Floods and other disasters in learning to swim,to save his life.To

learn the piano,can develop around the brain,flexible with your fingers.Learn

how to dance,to be able to make the body soft and build the temperament of your

high school.Pen calligraphy,three grade for me to use a ball-point pen to write

a good foundation.

Read thousands of books,not equal to view.This summer,mom and dad will take

me to different places let me open mind.We are going to go to

England,Beijing,Inner Mongolia,xinjiang,Taiwan,sichuan,hubei,hunan.Because to

place a lot,so I want to strive,to finish the homework earlier.

Of all the colors, I love white best. White is the color of snow and cloud.

Snow in winter is clean,pure and holy. When it is melted, it moistens everything

and the whole earth. White clouds are hanging on the blue sky. We can dream a

lot on such a nice day. White is a color of purity and calmness. It can make a

harmony picture with any other colors. This is white, a selfless color.

Tomb Sweeping Day is on the April 5th every year. Its a day to show our great respect to our deceased ancestors. On that day, we usually sweep the tomb of our ancestors and offer them food and drinks. We also burn paper money to them. It is believed that our ancestors in heaven will receive the money. Besides, everything in our nature takes on a new look on that day, so its the best time for spring outing. It must be fun and relaxing.

"Bumper harvest, bumper harvest!"!" Cried one of the fishermen, happily

jumping up like a child. After a while, the full cabin fish alive and kicking,

calm sea filled with coming from all sides of the fishermens

laughter.........

Now, like this "fish and shrimp full cabin" scene has been very rare. In

todays market, is the most common fish pound at least to dozens of yuan, more

serious pollution of the ocean, the ocean resources gradually dried up, seafood

production, prices rise, it illustrates this point?

In the ocean of natural calamities and man-made misfortunes emerge in an

endless stream today, human pollution is often not from the original intention,

but it is caused by the unexpected effect. The British Petroleum oil, because

the drilling platform explosion, caused by the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico,

to 9900 square kilometers of sea water is seriously polluted, so that tens of

thousands of seabirds soaked in oil to move, die in hunger and misery, makes

countless fish poisoning death; and the Japanese earthquake and tsunami

triggered a nuclear leak the marine pollution is more serious......

The sea is so vast that it is because the rivers and streams flow into the

Yangtze River and then run into the sea. If we do not solve the pollution

problem from the source, then no matter how people clean up the sea, there will

always be sewage flowing into the sea, and all the efforts will be futile. Now,

streams and streams are often seriously polluted, or they become places where

people dump rubbish or are loaded with pesticide cans. Finding a clear stream in

an inhabited area can be very difficult today!

In any case, the protection of the oceans can not be achieved by individual

forces, and the protection of the oceans depends on the joint efforts of all

mankind. I do not want one day in the future, our descendants can only imagine

the image of the vast and wide sea.

This is not only the wish of a pupil, but also the wish of all mankind,

isnt it?

I m now living in a small house with my parents. Life for us is hard but happy. I must study hard so that I can buy a big new house some day. I call it a dream house.

It has three floors with five bedrooms, three bathrooms, two big dining rooms and two living rooms. When my friends come to visit me, I will have enough bedrooms for them. We ll have a good time. Besides that, we will have a swimming pool behind the house and a garden in front of the house. In the morning, my parents can do some exercise in the garden. The air must be very fresh. When we feel tired, we can have a swim in the swimming pool. Life will be easy for us.

I ll study harder than before so that the dream can come true.

我现在和父母住在一个小房子里。我们的生活是艰难而开心。我必须努力学习，以便有一天能买一幢新房子。我称之为梦想之家。

它有三层，五间卧室，三间浴室，两间大餐厅和两间起居室。当我的朋友来看我时，我会有足够的卧室供他们使用。我们会玩得很开心的。除此之外，我们将在房子后面有一个游泳池和房子前面的一个花园。早晨，我的父母可以在花园里做些运动。空气一定很新鲜。当我们感到累的时候，我们可以在游泳池里游泳。生活对我们来说很容易。

我会比以前更加努力学习，好让梦想成真。

[我的家园初中英语作文

January 1st is New Year‘s Day. It‘s a great day for all the people throughout the world. As the saying goes, A good beginning is half the battle. So, many people go all out to celebrate the important day. On that day, I went to the Book City with my classmates. We bought a lot of useful reference books and interesting story books. I believe Knowledge is power. I hope I can learn a lot from these books and improve my study. In the evening, my family had a big dinner party. All the members in my family wished me a good luck in the new year.

As my second year of high school life has come, I feel a little stressful,

because I want to enter a better college, but my score worries me. I have made

up my mind to make great progress on my study. Firstly, I need to improve my

weak subjects. Geography and math are always my weakness, so I decide to go over

the important knowledge and ask help from my classmates. My good friend is very

patient, and she explain the details to me. With her help, I will make progress.

Secondly, every time when the exam paper handed down, I will scan my mistakes

and figured out how to make it right. Though I always feel frustrated, I will

tell myself to stick on. Finally, I will make it and see hope. Every aim I made

completes me and makes me stronger.

Different students like different ways togo to school. As for me, I like to go to school on foot the most. There arefour reasons.

不同的人喜欢用不同的方式去学校。至于我，我最喜欢走路去学校。有四个理由

Firstly, my home is not far away from myschool. It takes me only twenty minutes to get to school. Secondly, the trafficon my way to school is heavy. There are a lot of bikes, buses and cars. I thinkits safe to go to school on foot. Thirdly, I think walking is a kind of sport.It’s good for my health. Finally, I can listen to my MP3 when I am walking.Its fantastic, but a little dangerous.

首先，我家离学校不远。只要二十分钟就到学校了。第二，去学校路上的交通太拥挤了。有很多自行车，巴士和私家车。我觉得走路去学校很安全。第三，在我看来，走路也是一直运动。对我的健康有好处。最后，我可以一边走路一边听我的MP3。真是太棒了，不过就是有点危险。

These are the reasons why I like to go toschool on foot the most. What about you?

这就是为什么我最喜欢走路上学的原因。你呢？

After a long cold winter when I have rarely been out on my bike, the weather has finally turned warmer and even sunny occasionally. Yesterday I had a surprise call from Tom suggesting we turn out for a short ride. This being my intention anyway I gladly agreed and we met up at Jiedaokou Station at about ten o’clock.

As Tom has a permanent Sunday Lunch appointment at 12-30pm we opted to make a round trip to Hannan . The weather was cloudy but dry and as we were both a bit out of condition after a long winter lay off we took the easy option of taking the train to Shiyan to get us on top of the ridge with an easy start for the trip.

A long coast down to Jiangtan and straight on to Mount End saw us climbing up to Zhongshan Park. The climb got stiffer but still Tom kept on riding. Gritting my teeth I followed on and crested the hill, Then the usual Essex switchback with an enforced short walk for both of us part way along saw us at Tawny common. Round the common we went, to the Mole Trap, an erstwhile rough old country pub now tarted up for the motorists. I don’t go in there any more, so we sat on the adjacent public seat for a while and a short natter.

Time enough to break away, Tom to his lunch appointment, me for home by way of theYellow Crane Tower and Changjiang Bridge. See you in a while, crocodile! I arrived home about 2 o’clock. Just in time for my own Sunday lunch .

[阅读初中英语作文

In recent years ninny cities are faced with the problem of heavy traffic.

People have to waste more time on their way home or to work and even might be

involved in an acci dent. With the development of industry and population

expansion, this problem becomes more and more serious.

One solution is to lay down more roads. The solution has many advantages.

For ex ample, it can efficiently decrease the number of buses and trucks in many

main streets. But it will take up so much land that crowded cities become more

crowded. Another solu tion is to open up more bus lines. If more bus lines

should be opened up,the number of bicles and cars in the main streets would be

greatly decreased. But the disadvantage of this solution is that many people

wouldn’t feel so convenient os they used to.

In my opinion, the right solution to the problem is the combination of the

two, thatis, to lay down more roads in spacious areas and to open up more bus

lines in downtown.

文学常识也占据着非常关键一个环节，了解更多文学常识不仅可以让我们在考试中游刃有余，并且在说起话来也是谈吐不凡。以下是小编为您整理初中文学常识思维导图相关资料，欢迎阅读！

一、常见借代词语：

1、桑梓：家乡 2、桃李：学生 3、社稷、轩辕：国家 4、南冠：囚犯 5、同窗：同学 6、烽烟：战争 7、巾帼：妇女 8、丝竹：音乐 9、须眉：男子 10、婵娟、嫦娥：月亮

11、手足：兄弟 12、汗青：史册 13、伉俪：夫妻 14、白丁、布衣：百姓 15、伛偻，黄发：老人 16、桑麻：农事 17、提携，垂髫：小孩 18、三尺：法律 19、膝下：父母 20、华盖：运气

21、函、简、笺、鸿雁、札：书信 22、庙堂：朝廷

二、作者作品：

1、唐宋八大家：韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩

2、并称“韩柳”是韩愈和柳宗元，他们是唐朝古文运动倡导者。

3、一门父子三词客：苏洵（老苏）、苏轼（大苏）、苏辙（小苏）。

4、豪放派词人：苏轼、辛弃疾，并称“苏辛”；婉约派词人：李清照（女词人）

5、李杜：李白、杜甫。小李杜：李商隐、杜牧。

6、屈原：我国最早伟大诗人，他创造了“楚辞”这一新诗体，开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。

7、孔子名丘，字仲尼，春秋时鲁国人，他是儒家学派创始人，被称为“孔圣人”，孟子被称为“亚圣”，两人并称为“孔孟”。

8、苏轼称赞王维“诗中有画，画中有诗。”

9、杜甫是唐代伟大现实主义诗人，其诗广泛深刻反映社会现实，被称为“诗史”，杜甫也因此被尊为“诗圣”，有著名“三吏”：《潼关吏》、《石壕吏》、《新安吏》；“三别”：《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。

10、我国第一部纪传体通史是《史记》（又称《太史公书》），作者是汉朝司马迁，鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”，有：12本纪、30世家、70列传、10表、8书，共130篇。

11、“四史”：《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》。

12、元曲四大家：关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。

13、《聊斋志异》是我国第一部优秀文言短篇小说集，作者是清代著名小说家蒲松龄。“聊斋”是他书屋名，“志”是记叙，“异”是奇怪事情。

14、书法四大家：颜真卿、柳公权、欧阳询、赵孟（fǔ）

15、战国时期百家争鸣主要流派及代表：

儒家：孔子孟子 法家：韩非子

道家：庄子、列子 墨家：墨子

16、南宋四大家：陆游、杨万里、范成大、尤袤

17、边塞诗人：高适、岑参、王昌龄

18、唐宗：唐太宗李世民宋祖：宋太祖赵匡胤秦皇：秦始皇嬴政汉武：汉武帝刘彻

19、我国第一位田园诗人是东晋陶渊明（陶潜），他“不为五斗米折腰”。

20、世界文学作品中四大吝啬鬼：葛朗台、夏洛克、泼溜希金、阿巴贡。

21、中国吝啬鬼典型：严监生。

三、中国文学之最：

最早诗歌总集是《诗经》；

最早爱国诗人是屈原；

最早田园诗人是东晋陶渊明；

最早也是最杰出边塞诗人是盛唐高适和岑参；

古代最杰出豪放派词人是北宋苏轼；

古代最杰出女词人是南宋李清照；

古代最著名爱国词人是南宋辛弃疾；

古代最伟大浪漫主义诗人是唐代李白；

古代最伟大现实主义诗人是唐代杜甫；

古代写诗最多爱国诗人是南宋陆游；

古代最著名长篇神话小说是明代吴承恩《西游记》；

古代最著名长篇历史小说是明初罗贯中《三国演义》；

古代最早写农民起义长篇小说是元末明初施耐庵《水浒传》；

古代最伟大现实主义长篇小说是清代曹雪芹《红楼梦》；

古代最杰出长篇讽刺小说是清代吴敬梓《儒林外史》；

古代最杰出文言短篇小说集是清代蒲松龄《聊斋志异》；

古代最早语录体散文是《论语》；

古代最早记事详备编年体史书是《左传》；

古代最早纪传体通史是《史记》；

古代最杰出铭文是唐代刘禹锡《陋室铭》；

现代最伟大文学家是鲁迅；

现代最杰出长篇小说是茅盾《子夜》；

现代最有影响短篇小说集是鲁迅《呐喊》。

四、文化常识：

1、初唐四杰：王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。

2、三国：魏、蜀、吴。

3、“四大古典名著”：《红楼梦》、《三国演义》、《水浒》、《西游记》。

4、“四大民间传说”：《牛郎织女》、《梁山伯与祝英台》、《孟姜女》、《白蛇传》。

5、世界四大短篇小说巨匠：契诃夫、莫泊桑、马克·吐温、欧·亨利。

6、苏轼散文代表北宋散文最高成就，其诗与黄庭坚并称“苏黄”。

7、马致远散曲代表作《天净沙·秋思》，被誉为“秋思之祖”。

8、曹雪芹“披阅十载，增删五次”创作了我国古典小说中最伟大现实主义作品《红楼梦》（又称《石头记》），它问世后就广为流传，深受人们喜爱，还出现了专门研究该书一门学问——“红学”，“红学”现已成为世界文学研究中重要课题。

9、鲁迅是中国现代文学奠基人，陈毅被称为“元帅诗人”；

臧克家因诗作多为农村题材，有“泥土诗人”之称；

田间被闻一多誉为“时代鼓手”（擂鼓诗人）。

10、岁寒三友：松、竹、梅。

11、花中四君子：梅、兰、竹、菊。

12、文人四友：琴、棋、书、画。

13、文房四宝：笔、墨、纸、砚。

14、四库全书：经、史、子、集。

15、《诗经》“六义”指：风、雅、颂（分类）、赋、比、兴（表现手法）。

16、唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说。

17、桂冠、鳌头、榜首、问鼎、夺魁：第一。

18、三纲五常：“三纲”：父为子纲、君为臣纲、夫为妻纲；“五常”：仁、义、礼、智、信。

19、“四书”“五经”是儒家主要经典：“四书”即《论语》《孟子》《中庸》《大学》；“五经”指《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》。

20、三皇：伏羲、女娲、神农；

五帝：黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、唐尧、虞舜。

21、五金：金、银、铜、铁、锡。

22、五味：酸、甜、苦、辣、咸。

23、五行：金、木、水、火、土。

24、“永字八法”是说“永”字具有：点、横、竖、撇、捺、折、钩、提八种笔画。

25、古代学校有庠、序、太学等名称，明清时最高学府为国子监。

26、三教九流：“三教”：儒教、佛教、道教；“九流”：儒家、道家、阴阳家、法家、名家、墨家、纵横家、杂家、农家。

27、古代科举考试（从隋代至明清）：

A 童生试，也叫“童试”，应试者不分年龄大小都称童生，合格后取得生员（秀才、相公）资格，这样才能参加科举考试。

B 乡试，明清两代每三年在各省省城举行一次考试，由秀才参加，考取叫举人，第一名叫解（jiè）员。

C 会试，明清两代每三年在京城举行一次考试，各省举人及国子监监生皆可应考，录取三百名为贡士，第一名叫会元。

D 殿试，是科举制最高级别考试，皇帝在殿廷上，对会试录取贡士亲自策问，以定甲第。录取分三甲：一甲三名，赐“进士及第”称号，第一名称状元（鼎元），第二名称榜眼，第三名称探花，合称“三甲鼎”；二甲若干名，赐“进士出身”称号；三甲若干名，赐“同进士出身”称号。

正式科举考试，时间每年一次，地点府（州）县，应试者儒生、童生，获取功名秀才

乡试，时间三年一次（秋），地点省城，应试者秀才，获取功名（举人）第一名为解元

会试，时间三年一次（春），地点礼部（京城），应试者举人，获取功名（贡士）第一名为会元

殿试，时间会试后同年4月，地点宫殿，应试者贡士，获取功名（进士）前三名为状元、榜眼、探花

正式科举考试分类：乡试、会试、殿试三级。

连登三甲（三元及第）：解元——会元——状元古代科举考试。

Most people miss their grade school days and think they are the happiest time of their life, but whenever I recall them I cannot help feeling a little sad. In my young days I disliked any dismal atmosphere and could not bear the feeling of loneliness, yet the fact was that I often lived in a dismal home and frequently had the bitter taste of lonesomeness. I was not cheerful even in the company of my classmates at the grade school I attended. When I was alone at home the dismal atmosphere often filled me with fear even though thought here went to work in the morning but always came later than I did. For a young person like me t was too bad. Not until I was about sixteen years old had I outgrown t feeling of fear. Then there was that nagging feeling of loneliness either at home of at school. My father changed his job several times and with each change of his job we had to move and I had to attend a different grade school. Before I finished my elementary education I had attended three grade schools and thus it was difficult for me to cultivate enduring friendships. The feeling of being friendless was a constant source of pain to me. Those unhappy grade school days have of course long been over. I still have an abhorrence for any dismal atmosphere and lonesomeness, but hardened by experience I now find them less disturbing than they were.

机遇是成功的因素之一。但是机遇并不经常光顾小学生作文 你也可以投稿，而且并不是所有机遇都必然导向成功。除此之外，机遇通常就在刻苦的工作中，只是许多人觉察不到而已。因此如果你想成就事业，就必须努力工作以做好迎接机遇的准备。否则，即便机遇来了你也会失去它。我认为，我们社会中的每个人都有许多机遇，但只有那些做好充足准备的有才能的人才会利用机遇取得成功。

Opportunity and Success

Opportunity is one of the elements of success. But opportunities don’t come often. And not all the opportunities can certainly lead to success. Moreover, opportunities are usually disguised as hard work; therefore most people don’t recognize them. So if you want to achieve something, you must make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to you. In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who have made enough preparations and are highly talented can make use of them to achieve their purpose.