初中英语说明文思维导图最新20篇

Hi! Boys and girls! My name is kelly,I am 12 years old. I am a student. I study at XiShan Primary School.I am in Class 1,Grade 5.I have three good teachers. They are Mr Lai, Miss Huang and Miss Lu.

My chinese teacher is Miss Huang. She is beautiful. She wears glasses. She always helps us study and.Music is her favourite. Eevrybody likes her because she has a kind heart.

Miss Lu is our math teacher. She，s very active and smart. She has tress. She，s young and pretty. She，svery strict,but kind. Her class is so much fun.My favourite teacher is Mr Lai. He is our English teacher. He has two small eyes and big mouth. He wears a pair of glasses, too. Because he is a university student. He，s very humoar. He speaks English very well.we like him so much.They are my teachers. Do you like them?

Thank you

Great, thats great! At last I was looking forward to the holiday of national day. I can always relax and relax. My parents and I had an early appointment to travel by train during the national day. On this day, I got up early, and when everything was ready, my family set out. When we arrived at the square in front of the train station, it was already a sea of people, and we were crowding the railway station with the endless stream of people.

Into the waiting hall, here is a racket, crowded, we managed to find a space to sit down, I drink slobber, rest for a while, restless eyes began to look around. Not far away, a pair of silver - haired old couple helped each other, slowly sitting on their seats and talking in a small voice. On the other side, a few middle school students were laughing loudly. A tour guide, holding a small flag, is talking to the tourists of the tour group... "Why?" Suddenly, a sound of childish sound attracted me, I looked back, a chubby little girl sat on her mothers lap, "why together and we cant go out and play dad?" The little girl innocent eyes full of doubts, long eyelashes glitter, mother lovingly stroked the girls head, said softly: "your father is a traffic policeman, in order to ensure the safe travel, to the holidays will be more busy, can not go out to play with us." The little girl Sidongfeidong nodded, nestled in her mothers arms. I listened quietly, eyes unconsciously fall in the busy distance from time to time flashed, cleaners are carefully clean the ground, wiping tables and chairs, the policeman is patrols, warily watching the situation around the station staff smiling, patiently answer questions of passengers. It is their hard work that makes our trip safer and more convenient.

This picture, I have been deeply remember in the heart, when we celebrate the holiday with my family, we have to wonder whether this happy, how many people need to work to pay, and the family when we have a joyous gathering, to wonder whether and how many people still insist on work, not and your family reunion? These honorable men, let me say, "thank you!"

太好了，太好了！我终于盼来了国庆节长假，总算可以放松放松了，我和爸爸妈妈早就约好了国庆节期间坐火车去外地旅游。到了这一天，我早早地起了床，一切准备就绪后，我们全家出发了。到达火车站前广场时，那里早已是人山人海，我们随着川流不息的人群挤进了火车站。

走进候车大厅，这里更是人声鼎沸，热闹非凡，我们好不容易才找到空位坐了下来，我喝了口水，休息了一会儿，眼睛开始不安分地四处打量起来。不远处，一对满头银发的老夫妻互相搀扶着，慢慢地坐到座位上，小声地交谈着。另一边，几名中学生在大声地说笑着。一位导游举着小旗子，正在向旅行团的游客们说着什么……。“为什么？”突然，一声稚嫩的童音吸引了我，我回头一看，一个胖乎乎的小女孩儿坐在妈妈腿上，“为什么爸爸不能和我们一起出去玩而呢？”小女孩儿天真无邪的大眼睛充满了疑惑，长长的睫毛忽闪着，妈妈爱怜地抚摸着小女孩儿的头，轻声说道：“你爸爸是一名交通警察，为了保证大家的出行安全，到了节假日会更加忙碌，就不能陪咱们出去玩儿了。”小女孩儿似懂非懂地点点头，依偎在妈妈的怀里。我静静地听着，目光不觉落在了远处不时闪现的忙碌的身影上，清洁工人正在仔细认真地打扫地面，擦拭桌椅，警察叔叔正在四处巡逻，警惕地注视着四周的情况，车站服务人员面带微笑，耐心地解答着旅客的疑问。正是他们的辛勤工作，使我们的出行更加安全、便捷。

这一幅幅画面，都被我深深地牢记在心中，当我们和家人一起欢度国庆假期时，是否想过，我们拥有的这份快乐，需要多少人为之工作，为之付出，当我们和家人欢聚一堂时，是否想过，又有多少人还要坚持工作，不能和家人团圆呢？这些可敬的人啊，让我真诚地说一声：“谢谢您们！”

The school is our home, we should protect the environment in the small

yard.

We saw the earth have pick up rubbish should put the rubbish into the trash

can, we cant eat your own trash on the ground after the funeral, if someone do

so should be to remind him, let him pick up garbage into the garbage can.

We need to protect the objects on campus, such as: we should protect the

playground on the playground every camphor tree, cant use a knife to get the

camphor tree, because the camphor tree is a rare tree. One can sell one or two

in case of a tree, so we should protect the camphor tree.

We should also protect the flowerbeds in the flowerbeds, the flowers in the

flowerbeds, and we cant pick it because it will spoil the environment.

An Activity

Someone said here Lei Feng comes in March and goes in April. I thought they were wrong. This afternoon the students of our class went to the bus stop to help the drivers clean the buses.

As soon as the bus stopped at the station, a group of students got on it. Some cleaned the windows, some swept the floor, and others cleaned the wall inside. We worked hard while talking and laughing. When we found some coins lying on the floor, we picked them up and gave them to the conductors or the drivers.They were very happy and said, "It is very nice of you."

When I got home, it was five o’clock. I felt a little tired, but I was very happy to have done a good deed.

[初中初二英语作文

January 14 2015

It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.

January 15 2015

It was the third day of our winter holiday. Today, there are many business in my mother’s company. So my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother’s company. I sat in my mother’s office and help her answer the telephone. While I was free, I was writing my homework. Although I also have a lot of time to do my homework, I still do it. Because in my mother’s office, I had nothing to do. If I did nothing, I was wasting my time and my life. I can’t do the foolish thing. We should take good use of our time.

January 16 2015

It is a special day today. My mother sent one hundred basket of red bayberries. I like to eat red bayberries. It tastes nice. When they arrived in Shanghai, they were still fresh. But most of them would be sent to my mother’s business friends. I chose the best basket of red bayberries to eat. I put the rest in my refrigerator. Red bayberry is my hometown’s special product. It is well-known in china. Many people like to eat it.

January 17 2015

Today, I still went to my mother’s office. My mother was very busy, so was my father. They always live in Beijing. They must get up early. Because they will manage the factory. So I know they are very laborious. So I should save my money. Also I should help them. Although I can’t do something useful, but I think I should share the work with them. I am one of my family member. In the future, I will take a job and work. It’ time for me to begin to learn how to work.

Spring festival is the most important festival in China.During Spring festival,people visit their relatives,sending their best wishes for a new year.Children are the happiest in spring festival.They will receive red envelopes that contain money as new year presents.They can also play crackers and fireworks.Whats more,they are given a lot of freedom,which they have dreammed of for a whole year.During Spring festival,there will be plenty of foods.Thats why many people put on "holiday weight" after Spring festival.When it comes to food,there are many festival specialties.The world famous Jiaozi and Chunjuan(spring roll) have even been accepted by foreigners as fast foods.Spring festival usually comes in Feburary,sometimes earlier.Its a festival full of hope and good wishes.Its a symbol of Chinese culture.

[关于春节的初中优秀英语作文

导语：你是个粗心的人吗?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Today, I do something stupid because of my carelessness. I take a bus to school every morning. But today, I was on the wrong bus and I realized it ten minutes. I was so nervous when I found it that I shouted loud to the bus driver to stop the bus. I got off on the bus station and took another bus to the school. Of course, I was late for school. When my teacher asked me why I was late, I told her that I got on the wrong bus. She gave me an unbelieving look. In the math class, I was lost in my mind. The teacher named me to answer a question but I didn’t hear him, and I failed to answer it, too. I don’t know what happened to me today. I hope it just because I didn’t have a good sleep last night.

【翻译】

今天由于我的粗心，我做了很傻的事。每天早上我都是坐公交车去上学，但是今天，我却上错了车，直到十分钟后我才发现。由于太紧张，我向司机大喊让他停车。我在公车站下车然后上了另一辆车去学校。不出意外的，我迟到了。当老师问我为什么迟到的时候，我告诉她我上错了车，她给了我一个难以置信的表情。数学课上，我开小差了。老师点名叫我回答问题，我甚至没有听见，而我也回答不上他的问题。我不知道自己今天到底怎么了，希望只是因为我昨晚没睡好觉而已吧。

Everyone has different hobbies.Some people like to paint and others like to play basketball.I have many hobbies because I like to do many things.Let me share a few of my hobbies with you.

To begin with,I really lie games,both indoor and outdoor.I like collecting cards and playing card games with my friends.But my favorite games are vidio games.I could play them all day long.On the other hand,I also like being outside in the fresh air and sunshine,so I play a lot of sports.I like riding and rollerblading very much,but swimming is my favorite sport.

In addition,I like to draw pictures and read comics,but please dont tell my parents because they dont approve.listening to music and singing songs are things I enjoy too,and Im learning how to play an instument--the guitar.Finally,I enjoy learning English because I like speaking with foreigners and I like watching Disney cartoons.

As you can see,my hobbies keep me busy and excited.Im always looking for new things to do!

[初中英语作文：我的爱好

My dream is to study abroad in the future. I am always that kind of life can come true soon. But, before I realize my dream, I have to do some preparation. I think the most important thing I need to do first is to adapt the life there.

It is said that there is a big difference between the eastern and western culture.

If I know nothing, it is easy for me to have culture conflict. It will put me into an embarrass place. For example, dragon is the leader for all animals and it has holy good meaning in china. But it means violence in the western country.

I need to learn as much the cultural conflicts as possible to make my oversea life become easier.

我的梦想是以后可以去留学。我总是希望那样的生活能早日成真。但是，在实现梦想之前，我得做一些准备工作。我想我首先需要做的是适应那里的生活。据说东西方文化是有差异的。如果我什么都不知道，很容易发生文化冲突。这会置我于一个尴尬的地方。例如，龙是在中国是万兽之王，有着无比神圣的意义。但是在西方国家则是暴力的象征。我要尽量了解的文化冲突，这样我的留学生活才会变得更简单。

[初中英语作文：东西方文化差异

My grandma likes gardening very much. she is over sixty,but she is still busy with her work.She grows all sorts of flowers and plants in her small garden.Its interesting that all the flowers and plants in her garden grow well.

No matter when you come to visit her garden you can always find beautiful flowers there.My grandmother doesnt just work hard in the garden. she sometimes sits in the middle and listens to music.

She says music helps the plants grow well. maybe that’s true.

My grandma is really a clever lady.

My mothers English name is Amy. She is thirty-five years old. She is very nice .

She has a long hair and two black eyes. And she has a small mouth and a small nose. She doesnt look very beautiful and tender,but her eyes look nice and shes a little bit fat.

My mother loves me very much. She is good at cooking. She likes singing. Every day, she will sing many songs. When I take a good look at her,I can see her winkle which was appeared by concerning about me. Besides,there has already accrued some white hair.

Maybe my mom is just a normal person in others eyes ,but in my heart,she is a great mom.

I really had a busy and happy winter holiday. I did my homework and helped my parents with the housework every day. I like drawing so much that I spent lots of time drawing pictures and read books about drawing every day. I sometimes went to the library to read books and surfed the internet.During the Spring Festival, i visited my grandparents, friends and relatives. We really had a great time together. I prepared for the new lessons and read English,too. I really enjoyed my winter holiday.

我寒假过得很忙很快乐。我每天做作业并帮助父母做家务。我是如此喜欢画画以致于我每天花大量的时间画画和看绘画方面的书籍。我有时去图书馆看书和上网。春节期间我去拜访我的祖父母和亲朋好友。我们一起很愉快。我也准备新课程和读英语。我非常喜欢我的寒假。

Different people have different career outlooks. Some people want to become

civil servants; some people hope to start their own business; some people dream

of being freelancers, and so on.

However, my ideal job is teaching. Firstly, I’m told that teachers have a

high income. With the high income, I can open a training school to help the

children in poor families with their education. Secondly, teachers always have

summer and winter holidays, thus I will have more free time to relax myself.

More importantly, teachers are angels to students, who can pass on the knowledge

to students as well as help them develop their hobbies and interests. I can’t

imagine how happy I will feel when I see my students become elites.

In order to be a qualified teacher, I should read more books to acquire

more knowledge, and train my patience and improve my communication and

handwriting abilities.

下面是由小编收集的关于初中英语写作的基础，欢迎阅读。

一、找到学生写作中存在的问题

1.汉语思维的影响。学生在写作中经常用汉语思维，忽略了英汉语序之间是有差别的，导致出现了大量的式英语，尽管洋洋洒洒一大篇，却没有得分点。

2.词或词组的用法及搭配出现错误。如enjoy，finish等单词后面只能接v-ing形式;“forget to do”和“forget doing”在意思上存在着显著的差异等。学生在做选择题或用所给词的适当形式填空时，大多数学生能做对，但在作文中，学生往往忽略了其用法，出现了不必要的错误。

3.时态、语态的构成及使用错误。例如，一般过去时的否定句中，助动词didn’t后的动词用原形，而完成时的句子中往往用动词的过去分词，在这方面，学生的拼写容易出现错误。

4.单词的拼写错误，标点使用不当，不注意大小写，遗漏冠词，介词的误用等。

5.结构松散。关联词的使用可使上下句和段落合理衔接，承上启下，使表达合乎逻辑，同时使文章结构严谨、紧凑，部分考生的作文虽然内容和语言还不错，但是由于过于执着于表格所给内容的顺序，没有进行灵活的处理，整篇文章看起来就象是句子翻译，并且句与句之间关系松懈，缺乏连接，以至于文章毫无流畅、优美之感。

二、如何培养学生英语写作能力

1.从单词入手。单词是英语学习的基础，单词过不了关，写作就无从谈起，因为单词是写作的基本单位。但是单词记忆又是学生学习英语的最薄弱环节，因此我们必须时刻告诫学生，单词的学习过程，实际上就是人与遗忘作斗争的过程，要长期坚持下去。 志和必胜的信心。

2.由“句式”到“段落”的训练阶段。从七年级开始就对学生进行书写小段落的训练，做到口笔同步。随着教学的不断深入，写作内容也不断丰富，八年级就要注意段落中的时态差异、句型变化以及过渡句的使用等。到了九年级就要注意文章的体裁、格式、写作方法、复句的正确性以及中外文化的差异性。

3.课前几分钟进行Free Talk。学生可以准备谜语、笑话、小故事、即兴演讲等。之后向听的学生进行提问，其他学生只有认真听才能回答出问题。Free Talk为学生提供了很好的实践机会。

4.在课堂上，我们要注重听说的训练，给学生提供大量的口语练习材料，从句子到对话，从对话到文章，以培养学生的语感。同时，加强写的训练，利用所学的句型大量翻译句子，使学生能够真正做到举一反三。此外，还要让学生在练习时注意区分英汉语序的不同。

5.要求学生多写多练。教师按照每个单元呈现的重点内容为学生规定文题或写作范围，指导学生写一些代表性的文章，并结合学生比较优秀的作文进行讲评，取其精华，去其糟粕，完成一篇优秀的范文。使学生在讲评的过程中领略这些文章的优缺点，教会学生如何自己修改作文，并将范文抄写在固定的作文本上，不断积累，并随知识的不断扩展对已写的文章根据需要不断进行修改或扩充，使其更加完美。

6.加强背诵。看了好文章，不单是理解就够了，还应该在理解的基础上多多背诵，才能达到融会贯通、据为已有的效果。英语宜多诵多背，把一些句型、短语，一些文章的片段或全篇，背得滚瓜烂熟，让这些材料在你的脑袋里扎根，当你要用的时候，它们便会而然地冒出来。背诵可以培养正确使用语言的习惯，增强语感，这样就可以避免生搬硬套地写一些式的。加强背诵能变难为易，变费力为省力，能有效地帮助学生提高写作能力。现在背诵和熟记一些语言材料，对中学生来说将会受用无穷。

7.通过缩写和改写课文，培养学生的概括能力。缩写课文会激励学生去认真钻研课文内容，有助于加深学生对课文的理解，提高学生归纳和进行简要表达的能力。缩写课文一般应该用自己的话来写，不能只停留在拼凑原文的词句上。这样既可以使学生熟练掌握英语表达方法，也是对知识进行再创造的一个过程。

1、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

2、分类别：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征有条理性。

3、作比较：运用了··的说明方法。把---和---加以比较，突出强调了---事物的特征-

4、作诠释：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征/事理加以具使说明更通俗易懂。

5、打比方：运用了··的说明方法。将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

6、摹状貌：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征加以形象化的描摹，写出了说明对象---的特点。使说明更具体形象。

7、下定义：运用了··的说明方法。将---定义为---。用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

8、列数字：运用了··的说明方法。用---等数据。据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

9、列图表：运用了··的说明方法。用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

10、引用说明：运用了··的说明方法。引用说明有以下几种形式—— 引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。 （引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

China

has a very long and brilliant history, whose people are so friendly and

hospitable. But I am wondering why some people pay such little attention to the

environment and nature. In many places of the countryside, rivers have become

stinking sewers and brooks have disappeared. Heaps of garbage obstructs the

scarce flow of dirty water. The grounds are littered with plastic bottles and

bags. People are cutting down trees even though it is illegal. In some towns,

rubbish is hidden behind walls. Garbage cans are often of little use, making

cleaners must rush all day long and also by night to clean the rubbish.

大凡作出卓越贡献的人都有一颗善于洞察生活的头脑，他们不会忽视生活中任何一个异常的元素，他们会将这作为难得的机遇，深入研究，从而有所开拓、有所创造。

总是有一种驱动力促使人们去探究未知世界里的谜团。别涅迪克由一只裂而不碎的烧瓶研制出裂而不碎的安全玻璃，主要得益于他对科学的敏感。达尔文由美洲和欧洲两地生物的异同而提出生物进化论，更得益于他不舍的探索。

总有一个方向促使人们向它发出挑战。奥斯特始终坚信电与磁之间一定存在某种联系，于是他一遍又一遍地闭合切断电源，最终发现了电磁互相转换的原理，也正是借着这个原理才使人们对电磁波有了新的认识和利用。敢于坚守一个方向努力拼搏的人们往往成为创造的宠儿，因为创造的成果也要感激他们那种咬定青山不放松的奋斗精神。

总是坚信凤凰涅盘之后一切会更加美好。居里夫人凭借着对科学的热爱和生活赐予她的灵感，让她从沥青中发现了放射性元素镭。虽然她为此付出了美好而宝贵的时光，但她无怨无悔。为了科学，为了创造，纵使红颜变成了白发，但只要有创造性的成果来回报殚精竭虑的付出，也可以无悔矣。

总是陶醉于深秋里片片灼热的红叶能在风霜中快乐地吟唱。达·芬奇为了画那平常得不能再平常的鸡蛋，也能呕心沥血，孜孜不倦，由画鸡蛋而开创了全新的绘画生涯。经历了岁月风霜的考验，他采撷到的红叶是永不褪色的。

总是坚信有追求就有快乐，有追求就有创造。“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平与助手先后用了6年时间做了3000多个杂交组合，都不曾得到满意的杂交品种。为了找到远源的雄性不育稻，他与助手征程万里，像神农尝百草一样，日复一日地在一簇簇野草堆里搜寻。凭借着这份执着与追求，一块沼泽地里的希望找到了他，既而开创了震惊世界的第一次“绿色革命”。可以说袁隆平就是那位飞上天空摘到星星的伟人，因为他坚信只要有执着追求的激情与行动，就会有创造的果实。

总是坚守理想的人没有什么可以阻止他达到创造的高峰。爱迪生说创造是99%的汗水加上1%的灵感，他为了发明电灯做了1600多次实验，没有一次不是以失败告终。但是，因为站在执着追求的至高点上，他成功了，他为世界创造出的光明划破了黑暗的笼罩。他不在意追求过程中的每一次挫折，他坚信机遇就藏在执着的身后，有坚持不懈的追求就会有成功的创造。

其实，每个人都有远大的理想与抱负，只是缺少那份坚持不懈的毅力和执着追求的恒心。要是两项兼得，幸运女神就会眷顾垂青，还怕创造不出成果?

When the autumn comes, the weather will become cool and people can feel the

wind. In my hometown, there will be a famous contest, which is to fly kites.

People come to the field and bring their kites. What a lively scene. The

children are very active and excited. They run to the ground for many times, so

as to make their kites flying higher and higher. It has become a tradition. Some

people even will prepare for a long time. They want to prove that they are the

strong ones. It gives people a good chance to communicate with each other. I

like the atmosphere and enjoy the time with my friends.

“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。

1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）

2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）

3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）

4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？

5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。

二．说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种：

1. 细节理解题

说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y)、Second(1y)、Third(1y)Finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、

相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。

细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。

2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以 it，they，them 等代词为命题点，因此考生要根据上下文语境，认真阅读原文，分析动作转换背景，弄清动作不同执行者，以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。

3. 主旨理解题

说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major

surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

4. 判断推理题。

这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2) The author suggests that...(3) The story implies that…(4) Which point of view may the author agree to?(5) From the passage we can conclude that...(6) The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的，它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系，文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义，考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题，这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点，要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文，并对照原文介绍的情况，弄清图示的差异，根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如：动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题，考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断，了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具，是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。

观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。

【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

【问题设计】

According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?

A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.

C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.

The way of learning English

Nowadays, English has become the international standard language. As China is stepping to the internationalization, learning English is more and more important. But many people find it hard to learn English well. According to my own learning experience, I think determination, read English materials and patience are the most significant.

如今，英语已经成为国际标准语言。由于中国正在迈向国际化，学习英语变得越来越重要。但是许多人发现很难学好英语。根据我自己的学习经验，我觉得决心，阅读英语材料和耐心是最重要的。

First of all, doing everything needs determination. Determination is a prerequisite to do something. When facing difficulty, the people who have determination will insist, on contrary, thepeople who don’t have determinatin are easily give up. Thus, if people wants to do something well, the first thing they need to do is to make up their mind. Secondly,reading English materials is a great help for learning English. It can help people raise sense for English language,have interest and confidence in Engilsh. That will help people a lot in the process of learning. Last, patience is necessary in English learning. Most people will feel difficult to learn English at the beginning. The people without patience will often upset towards learning English. As a result, it will increase the difficulties of learning English and vice versa.

首先，做所有的事情都需要决心。决心是做一件事的一个先决条件。面对困难时，有决心的人会坚持下去，相反，那些没有决心的人则很容易放弃。因此，如果有人想完成一件事情，他们要做的第一件事是下定决心。其次，阅读英语材料对学习英语有很大的帮助。它可以帮助人们提高英语语感，对英语有兴趣和信心。这将在学习的过程中对人们的帮助很大。最后，耐心在英语学习中是必须的。刚开始学习英语的时候大多数人都会觉得很难。没有耐心的人对学习英语会经常感到心烦。结果就是增加了学习英语的困难，反之亦然。

In general, determination, reading English materials and patience are the effective ways to learn English. If people recognize those, they will learn it well sooner or later.

总之，决心，阅读英语材料和耐心是学习英语的有效途径。如果人们意识到这些，他们迟早都会学好它的。

[学习英语的方法初中英语作文

Father’s Day is coming and you must be thinking of giving a present to your father。 Different people like different kinds of gifts。

If you have enough pocket money， you can buy a useful but not expensive thing， like a tie。 I think your father will like it。 But if you don’t have enough pocket money， you can do something that you can do， for example， you can prepare a cup of tea。 When your father comes back from work， he can drink it。

No matter what you do， the most important thing is to make your father happy on Father’s Day。 Don’t you think so?