初中英语说明文思维导图【经典20篇】

Last night, I watched a movie, it is about two teenagers, they have cancer, but the boy is positive about life while the girl is negative about life. They meet each other, then the girl is affected by the boy, she starts to see the beautiful things in her life. I am so moved by the movie, though the ending of the movie is not so perfect, we see the change of the girl’s life. The topic of the movie is to tell people to be positive about life, no matter what happens, even the bad fortune they get, they still need to smile every day. People need to find the beauty of life, so they won’t life live without meaning.

昨晚，我看了一部电影，那是关于两个青少年，他们身患癌症，但是男孩对生活很乐观，然而女孩子却对生活很悲观。他们遇见了彼此，然后女孩受到了男孩子的影响，她开始看到了生活的美好食物。我被这部电影深深地感动，虽然电影的结局不是那么的完美，但是我们看到了女孩生活的改变。电影的主题是告诉人们要对生活乐观，无论发生什么事情，即使他们遇到不幸，仍然需要每天乐观面对生活。人们需要发现生活的美，这样他们就不会活得没有意义。

[美丽人生初中英语作文

Every time when I go home by train, I feel very uncomfortable, because I have to smell the terrible air, people always smoke, making the public place smell bad. Since the motor train operates, I feel so happy, I find the train is very clean, the air smells good, no people smoke in the train. I feel so surprised, this is the ideal environment for me, in the long journey, all the people are so polite. Smoking in the public place should be banned, the bad smell not only makes people sick, but also does harm to their health. In the long journey, people need to keep a good environment, so they have a good mood.

Every time when I go home by train, I feel very uncomfortable, because I have to smell the terrible air, people always smoke, making the public place smell bad. Since the motor train operates, I feel so happy, I find the train is very clean, the air smells good, no people smoke in the train. I feel so surprised, this is the ideal environment for me, in the long journey, all the people are so polite. Smoking in the public place should be banned, the bad smell not only makes people sick, but also does harm to their health. In the long journey, people need to keep a good environment, so they have a good mood.

说明文写作历来是学生的难点，难点一在于把握不住文体特点，会写成记叙文或四不像文体;难点二在于学生选取的说明对象过于平淡，毫无特征;难点三在于语言十分乏味，难以引发阅卷老师阅读兴趣。针对以上情况，笔者进行了初中事物说明文写作指导。

一、请看作文题

请以“我的 ” 为题，写一篇事物说明文

要求

1.要抓住说明对象的特征。

2.要合理地安排说明顺序。

3.要采用恰当的说明方法。

4.不少于600字

二、抛砖引玉——老师写“下水文”

老师以同一题目写作两篇作文，一篇为记叙文，一篇为说明文，直观地指导学生区分记叙文和说明文文体的区别。

1、例文一：我的“老人机”

唉!我悲催的“老人机”!

一日，阳光明媚，春风宜人。我意气风发地上着“赏析刘禹锡”，我大声地吟唱着：“种桃道士归何处，前度刘郎今又来，哈哈，刘禹锡呀刘禹锡，你……。”“你”还未完,oppo独有的来电铃声“啦啦啦啦啦”响起，全班同学抿着嘴，你看看我，我看看你，笑容都被按在诡异的眼睛里。只有傻乎乎的万科憋红着脸，指着我的包说：“刘老师，你的电话响了。”

可悲，我的oppo-ulike ，我的新手机呀，洁白的手机外壳，多彩的手机屏保，还有特意从台湾故宫博物院带来的翠白玉手机链呀!伟大的班主任角色，为了让全班同学不带手机，我曾故作姿态说，我上课也绝不带，若手机铃声在课堂上响起，我自愿罚缴一个学期。我大步走向我的包，迅速拿出我的手机，完全不在乎地说：“等我拿出电话卡，手机给保管员吧，王子犯法都与庶民同罪，何况一介老师!”就这样我用起了我婆婆淘汰不用的一款“老人机”。

这款“老人机”可真土呀!馒头一样的外形，系着一根土蓝色的绳子，挂在脖子上，人整个成了一个傻老太太。

一日，“三·八”来临，网上疯传打折，办公室的女人们都亢奋了，胡洁老师眼睛都不转死盯电脑，口里喃喃说：“淘宝’亲’，京东‘亲’，哪个更亲?皇冠、钻石、几个钻……”，坐在离她不到三米的我顿时感觉“你看我时很远，你看云时很近”，连问：“什么意思，什么意思?”她头也不回，冷冷地说：“用老人机的人，跟你说了也白说。”我气愤地说：“机老我不老。”“老”字还未出口，我的老人机“铃铃铃铃铃铃铃”地狂响，办公室一片爆笑。

唉!我悲催的老人机!

2、例文二：我的“老人机”

我有一款“老人机”，顾名思义，就是专门研发出来供老人使用的手机。

首先从外形来看，它极其符合老人使用。它既不是流行的滑盖的，也不是时尚的翻盖的，而是直板的，乍一看，就像一个馒头。它长约11厘米，宽约5.5厘米，重约200克，塑钢的材质，这款手机拿到手里大小、重量适中，防滑耐磨。手机的正面是由屏幕和键盘两部分组成。屏幕上不似其它时尚手机般菜单栏里充斥着游戏、qq显示、闹钟、网络连接、蓝牙等，它的屏幕只有两项内容，一是硕大的时间显示(但无日期，完全没有星期几，对于老人来说每天都是星期天);二是温度显示(提醒老人注意天气变化)。键盘按键的大小是普通按键的3倍左右，数字似乎是用刀刻的，给人的触觉是凹凸有致，无论你的眼睛是老花还是近视，都完全可以仅凭触觉拨打电话。手机右边有个凹槽，突起的部件是开关，只要向上推，一道白光就会射出，原来是个手电筒。左边也有个凹槽，两个突起像多余的耳朵似的玩意是调节音量的。翻到背面，有个橘红色的按键特别显眼，上面刻着“sos”,往上一推，就会发出尖利的报警声(对突发心脏病或处于各类危急状况下的老人极为有用)。手机的最下端也有一个凹槽，是挂着手机链的，只不过，这条手机链巨长，就像开全国人代表大会代表证的绳子，为土蓝色。它的作用可不是美观，而是挂在老人的脖子上，以防丢失手机或丢失老人。

这款手机不光是外形能满足老人需要，功能更是如此。例如在“工具箱”栏下有个项目是“我的位置”，里面有具体的经度、纬度、高度、精度、当前位置，如果你即刻打开，会看到经度115.917259度，纬度28.670116度，高度75米，精度3971米，当前位置中国江西省南昌市青山湖区新魏路45号附近。“工具栏”下还有一个项目是“超级保姆”，里面有“买菜时间”、“吃药时间”、“接孩子时间”、“晨练时间”，手机到了固定时间会自动响铃及时提醒老人。如果拔出手机中的无线电线就成了一个标准的收音机，方便老人在晨练或傍晚散步时收听。最奇特的功能是它强大的来电铃声，只要铃声一响，大约方圆100米内你也可以清楚听到。

这样一款极具特色的“老人机”，你心动了吗?

三、学法指导：说明文和记叙文的区别

1、从内容上，说明文是介绍对象的形状、性质、成因、关系、功能、价值等属性，而记叙文是叙述人物的经历和事物发展变化，以写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容。

2、在表达方式上，前者是说明为主，后者是记叙和描写为主。

3、从目的上看，前者是让人们认识一种事物的特性，后者是为了表达作者的一种感情和感悟。

4、语言上，前者是准确、周密，而且语言的风格一般是平实，也有生动活泼的，但是为了服务于说明事物的需要，让人容易理解和接受。而后者是利用多种修辞手法，使文章非常生动，给人一种美的感受。

四、学法指导——怎样能写出一篇规范的事物说明文

说明文的写作要点：

1.要抓住说明对象的特征

2.要合理地安排说明顺序。

3.要采用恰当的说明方法。

4.语言要准确、简洁、通俗。

五、如何写出生动的说明文

1、穿插一些修辞手法

2、精美的语言

3、运用描写

4、例文展示：

我的一件工艺品

盘虬交错的根雕，洁白飘逸的羽扇，璀璨夺目的灯饰……工艺品在日常生活中无处不在。多数人误认为它们只是华而不实的装饰。其实不然，我家床头的小夜灯就是一件集美观和功能于一身的工艺品。

这盏小夜灯外型极其小巧玲珑，长宽不过一分米的身量，不仅不占空间，而且轻便容易携带，还不及一枚鸡蛋重。更让人过目不忘的怕是它独一无二的设计。普通夜灯大部分只是一个光溜溜的灯光，插上电源就会发出惨白的光。可这盏夜灯偏偏与众不同，一千多片大小不一的水晶薄片以各种各样的角度被乳白色万能胶疏密有致地粘合在一起，成为一颗剔透的爱心，晶片间的缝隙仿佛埃菲尔铁塔的留白，神来之笔间传递出无限韵味。别以为这仅仅是为了好看。瞧，由晶片组成的表面不单单可以使发出的光强弱交织显得华美脱俗，还能使人在使用时手与凹凸不平的灯面增大摩擦力，利于抓握而不易掉落。不过，即使摔了几下也不必担心，因为晶片灯面具有一定弹性，从约两米高的空中重重跌下，小夜灯也可以毫发无损。

这都不算什么，更神奇的还在后面。当某个漆黑的夜晚你打开小夜灯，你肯定会惊异地发现它在变色，有如变奏的焰火，时而嫣红，时而粉紫，不一会儿又在黑暗中焕发出一朵鹅黄。这是怎么回事呢?原来，在晶片灯面内部安有一枚直径大概一厘米的灯泡，这可不是普通灯炮，经过设计师改装后可发出十种颜色的光。由于灯面为半透明体，其颜色自然就随透过它的灯泡色光的不同而改变了。这样别出心裁的夜灯，用它研究物理学中色彩的奥秘也丝毫不在话下。

且慢!现在就认为已经参透了这盏夜灯的玄机还为时过早。翻过夜灯，观察它的底座。底座就在灯心形造型的背面，像是把那颗完美无缺的心削去了一部分。不要以为这就会破坏其美感。这个底座安置的位置正好使不规则的心形与桌面有了一个相接点，不仅正好掩饰了这个缺口，还增强了小夜灯的稳定性。最令人拍案叫绝的是，小小的底座上居然容纳着三样东西：开关、纽扣电池盒以及约三毫米的微型支架，真是麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。这样既不会让夜灯拉着一条长长的电线而大煞风景，也避免了晚上夜起时灯不能随人而动的麻烦。由此足见设计师的良苦用心。

我经常喜欢在睡前点上小夜灯，静静地凝视它柔和而绚丽的光芒。这是心灵手巧的设计师智慧的结晶。想必将来还会有更多这样集美观与功能于一身的工艺品出世，超越前人，为我们的生活增添乐趣。

I have many teachers now and I love them all,but my favorate teacher,I think she is my english teachter mis/miss gao.

She is tall and thin,in my eyes she is most beautiful teacher woman in the world,I love her sweet smile and attractive.SoI always feel free in her class.

I like her class very much,she often tell us interesting stories in her class,and she teaches us to play english games and english songs,too.since she become my english teacher,I have madel a lot of progess.

I like english,I like my english teacher.

用英语思维来写作文是不现实的。如果能用英语思维，也就谈不上会遇到多大的困难了。在实际写作过程当中，脑子里想的是中文句子，然后把一个一个的中文句子译成英文。在翻译的时候努力寻求一一对应的关系，希望找到与中文词对应的英文单词。结果句子结构和单词的选用受到中文的影响，自己感觉上也是“憋”得费劲，或者觉得表达出来了，意思差不多，而实际上给人的感觉依然还是中文。若是让老外来看这篇作文的话，也许根本就弄不清楚文章的内容，而判卷的中国老师在判卷时往往能想象出文章是怎样写出来的。在这种情况下，出路在于把中文译成英文时，不要去追求一一对应的关系，而应该“得其意，忘其形”。

January 14 2015

It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.

January 15 2015

It was the third day of our winter holiday. Today, there are many business in my mother’s company. So my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother’s company. I sat in my mother’s office and help her answer the telephone. While I was free, I was writing my homework. Although I also have a lot of time to do my homework, I still do it. Because in my mother’s office, I had nothing to do. If I did nothing, I was wasting my time and my life. I can’t do the foolish thing. We should take good use of our time.

January 16 2015

It is a special day today. My mother sent one hundred basket of red bayberries. I like to eat red bayberries. It tastes nice. When they arrived in Shanghai, they were still fresh. But most of them would be sent to my mother’s business friends. I chose the best basket of red bayberries to eat. I put the rest in my refrigerator. Red bayberry is my hometown’s special product. It is well-known in china. Many people like to eat it.

January 17 2015

Today, I still went to my mother’s office. My mother was very busy, so was my father. They always live in Beijing. They must get up early. Because they will manage the factory. So I know they are very laborious. So I should save my money. Also I should help them. Although I can’t do something useful, but I think I should share the work with them. I am one of my family member. In the future, I will take a job and work. It’ time for me to begin to learn how to work.

As the new year is coming, many families plan to go the zoo and have fun together. But recently, a tragedy happened in the zoo, a man was bitten by a tiger. The public scared, then later the truth came out that the men tried to skip buying ticket and he went across the limited line. The animal has their nature. Once they are under threat, they will do the horrible thing. If the visitors behave themselves well and do as the tips, then the tragedy won’t happen. But still a lot of people scream and try to throw away the food to the animals, which do harm to the animals. It is everybody’s duty to protect animals.

随着新年的来临，许多家庭计划一起去动物园玩。而最近，动物园里发生了一场悲剧，有人被老虎咬伤。大家都害怕起来，结果真相是那个人试图逃票，还越过禁止线。动物都有自己的本能，一旦受到威胁，他们就会做可怕的事情。如果游客遵从提示、约束自我，那么悲剧就不会发生。但是仍然很多人会大喊大叫，试图扔食物给动物吃，这对动物是有害的。保护动物是每个人的责任。

(1)别人帮助我

We became friends by accident. One day Jack was playing basketball on the playground. Amazed at how skillful he was, I made up my mind to play as well as him. I was grateful when he agreed to teach me. Every time when I wanted to give up halfway, it was Jack who encouraged me. Gradually, I mastered the skills and became confident enough to challenge the best players in our school.

(2)我帮助别人

It happened on a Friday when I was seated in a crowded bus, heading for my school. It was just at that moment that an elderly lady with her little grandson stepped onto the bus. Immediately, I offered my seat to them without hesitation. The elderly lady expressed her great appreciation to me and we enjoyed a pleasant short trip together.

(3)做家务表示对父母的感恩

Being a 15-year-old middle school student and feeling my parents have done so much to me, I have been considering what I can do for them to show my gratitude. Last Sunday, when my parents went out shopping, I decided to take this opportunity to do something helpful for our family. Not only did I clean the bowls and cookers, but I put all the messy things away. Tired and sweaty, I was about to open the door to throw rubbish when my parents showed up at the door. They were amazed to see what I had done and praised me. From then on, I determined to work harder to do more for my family.

【参考译文】

作为一名15岁的中学生，我觉得我的父母对我做了这么多，我一直在考虑我能为他们做些什么来表达我的感激之情。上星期日，当我的父母外出购物时，我决定借此机会为我们的家庭做些有益的事情。我不但清洁了碗和炊具，而且把所有乱七八糟的东西都拿走了。当我的父母出现在门口时，我正忙着打开垃圾扔垃圾的门。他们惊奇地看到我做了什么，表扬了我。从那时起，我下定决心要更加努力地为我的家庭做更多的事情。

Everyone has their own dreams.Dream is the start of success.When we have a

dream,the only thing we should to do is make it come ture.

I have a dream.My dream is to be a computer programmer,who can create

software or computer games.I like computer.When the first time I met computer,it

attracted me immediately.Of course,to be a good programmer is difficult,but I

think I can make it.

Now everything I do is close to my dream.I feel my life is fill with hope

and is colorful,and I have enough confidence to realize my dream.I’ll work hard

for my dreams,I will never give up.

开头

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____.Somepeoplesuggestthat____.

2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

Thereisanoldsaying______.Itstheexperienceofourforefathers，ho博文学习网:初中英语作文结尾句子)haveeverseen.姚明是我所见过的最高的篮球运动员

HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩

二、Nothingis+...erthanto+V

Nothingis+more+adj+thanto+V}比较级

Nothingismoreimportantthantopotectourenvironment.没有什么比环保更重要的事

三、cannotemphasizetheimportanceoftoomuch.再怎么强调......的重要性也不为过

Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过

四、Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V...（不可否认的……）

Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下

五、Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~（毫无疑问的……）

Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意

六、Anadvantageof~~~isthat+句子（……的优点是……）

Anadvantageoftakingexercisesisthatitcanmakeuskeephealthy.锻炼身体的优点是它可以让我们保持健康

七、Thereasonwhy+句子~~~isthat+句子（……的原因是……）

Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气

八、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子（如此……以致于……）

Sopreciousistimethatwecantaffordtowasteit.时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费

九、Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~（全世界都知道……）

Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的

[初中英语作文结尾好词好句

Recently, I have been reading a book named Communication Arts. In this

book, the author Doctor Li introduces many methods to communicate with others

successfully and tells readers why everyone should be a polite person. My

favorite sentence in this book is “Everyone has potential, and everyone can

determine your own future by developing positive psychological, mastering

communication arts and showing your personality charm. In that way, you can have

a wonderful life!”

During whole sections, this book tells us human should live in a large

group, since people can’t solve all problems by their own. For that matter,

human beings should learn a series of manners to deal with any situation which

might happen wherever and whenever. After that, Doctor Li makes a point that

people need to realize how to resolve disagreements between friends, families or

colleagues. There always appears this kind of situation in social life, so it’s

important to understand how to settle it. Finally he teaches us that

communication techniques not only reflect in normal talk but also within body

languages.

In each part of the book, the author takes a large number of examples in

daily life to confirm his points. These examples in daily life are easy to

understand and accept.

After reading the book, I find many shortages of my communication skills. I

used to lack of patience when I talk to others, even got mad at them. This was

impolite and might destroy relationships between my friends and me. Therefore I

would try my best to improve myself and be welcome.

My Favourite Sport英语作文一

I like doing sports very much.My favourite sport is swimming.I often go to swim with my good friend Lily.She likes swimming ,too.And she is very good at it.She always swims better than me.When I am swimming in the pool,I am very happy.I look like a lovely fish in the pond.I enjoy swimming,because swimming can make me strong and healthy.It can also bring me a lot of happiness.Of course,I like watching this sport.I hope I will become a swimmer in the future.

My Favourite Sport英语作文二

There are many kinds of sports that I enjoy,such as swimming,running,and dancing.However,the sport that I like most is basketball.When I was in junior high,I started to play basketball in school.At that time,I found I had loved deeply this sport.Now,I would like to watch basketball games as much as I can.The basketball games have given me the most wonderful time in my life.

My Favourite Sport英语作文三

I like badminton and basketball，basketball is my favourite sport，I like basketball best.

I always wear a T-shirt，shorts and runners to play basketball. I can throw the basketball in the net， I think it is easy， but someone think it is hard， I can catch the basketball，too. On Sundays，I am a bbasketball player.I like to watch basketball game on TV， Yao Ming is my favourite basketball player， I want to be a real basketball player someday.

Failure exists in every stage for everybody. As students, I think the most

common failure would be failing in the exam. Yes, I have failed in the exam for

many times. It is very common, because on one can keep the name of

ever-victorious generals forever. But some students do not figure out this. When

they fail in the exam, they need a long time to recover, even have directly

negative effect on their inner heart. This is not the right way to deal with

this problem. We need to figure out the reason why we don’t do well in the exam.

And then correct it. Try our best to get better next time.

初中英语作文:开车旅行A Trip by Car

A Trip by Car

I often make a trip by trains because it＇s both cheap and comfortable. Last winter holidays I traveled in a car for the first time in my life. At first I didn＇t feel well. But this kind of feeling didn＇t last long. the trip was exciting. While travelling in a car, we could stop at any time if we wanted to enjoy the view

outside. the fields, the mountains and rivers were really very nice. On the way we visited many places of interest and took a lot of photos. It was an unforgettable experience for me.

《初中英语作文:开车旅行A Trip by Car》由出国编辑整理我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 名师解读：2012高考英语考试大纲机场常用英语公共场所标志常备无患疯狂英语夏令营助教的实习工作体会雅思考试应注意的十大要点之一：时间是最大的敌人空军招飞条件之文化条件英语教研组学期末总结英语教师年终个人总结雅思写作范文：那点事(1)英国哪个城市的英语最标准用英语介绍植树节

[初中英语作文之开车旅行A Trip by Car

My Mother is a kind of gentle woman. She is always very gentle. She takes

good care of her children and keeps them all at school. I have one brother and

two sistets. So she gets four children in all. She gives us every comfort. We

all love her and she loves us also.

My mother has too much to do in bringing us up. As our family is too poor

to keep a servant, my mother has always to do very much work. She gets up very

early and sleeps very late every day. She works hard, yet without

complaining.

She is also a thrifty, and industrious woman. She saves every cent that she

can and keeps everything in order. As she has been busy eversince she was young,

she looks older than she really is. Her face is wrinkled, her hair becomes

silver white, but she works as hard as ever.

Often she says to us, "work while you work, play while you play. If you do

not work, you will become lazy and of no use to society." What piece of good

advice this is! We must worth it well and always keep it in our mind.

The plan for the new term

Another new term comes again,so I should have a study plan to promot myself.

Firstly,I descide to finish my homework more carefully than before.And pay more attention to the knowledge which I didnt know it clearly.

Secondly,I will do a lot of read to widen the range of my knowledge,and try to combine thoery to practice.

Finally,I will learn to adjust, to be more positive and more helpful.

Thats what I plant to do in a new term.

mooncakes are to mid-autumn festival what mince pies are to christmas. the seasonal round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling of lotus seed paste or red bean paste and often have one or more salted duck eggs in the center to represent the moon. and the moon is what this celebration is all about. mid-autumn festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month，it is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest.

there are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes. one tang dynasty myth holds that the earth once had 10 suns circling it. one day all 10 suns appeared at once，scorching the planet with their heat. it was thanks to a skillful archer named hou yi that the earth was saved. he shot down all but one of the suns. as his reward，the heavenly queen mother gave hou yi the elixir of immortality，but she warned him that he must use it wisely. hou yi ignored her advice and，corrupted by fame and fortune，became a tyrannical leader. chang-er，his beautiful wife， could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath. and thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon，the moon fairy.

the second legend has it that during the yuan dynasty，an underground group led by zhu yuan zang was determined to rid the country of mongolian dominance. the moon cake was created to carry a secret message. when the cake was opened and the message read，an uprising was unleashed which successfully routed the mongolians. it happened at the time of the full moon，which，some say，explains why mooncakes are eaten at this time. mooncakes are usually stamped with chinese characters indicating the name of the **ry and the type of filling used. some **ries will even stamp them with your family name so that you can give personalised ones to friends and family. they are usually presented in boxes of four which indicate the four phases of the moon. traditional mooncakes are made with melted lard，but today vegetable oil is more often used in the interests of health. mooncakes are not for the diet-conscious as they are loaded with calories. the best way to wash down one of these sticky cakes is with a cup of chinese tea，especially jasmine or chrysanthemum tea，which aids the digestion.

中秋节吃月饼就像西方人圣诞节吃百果馅饼一样，是必不可少的。圆圆的月饼中通常包有香甜的莲子馅或是红豆馅，馅的中央还会加上一个金黄的咸鸭蛋黄来代表月亮。而月亮正是中秋节庆祝的主题。每年农历8月15日人们一起庆祝中秋，据说这一天的月亮是一年中最亮最圆的。

关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事，说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中，巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳，地球才被保祝为了奖励后羿，王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药，但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告，他被名利冲昏了头脑，变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观，于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药，飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥，这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。

第二个传说讲的是在元朝，朱元璋领导的起义军计划起义来摆脱蒙古族的统治。他们用月饼来传递密信。掰开月饼就可以找到里面的密信，起义军通过这种方式成功的发动了起义，赶走了元朝的统治者。这场起义发生在八月十五之时，于是中秋节吃月饼的习俗便在民间传开来。

my father bought a computer as a birthday present for me last year. it becomes my best friend in my room. id like to play on the computer as soon as i get home. at weekends, i often play games on line with my friends.

ive made a lot of friends on the intenet. but my eyesight becomes poorer and poorer, and i am not able to finish my homework on time. its terrible that my father will remove the computer. from now on, i should pay more attention to my study.

文学常识也占据着非常关键一个环节，了解更多文学常识不仅可以让我们在考试中游刃有余，并且在说起话来也是谈吐不凡。以下是小编为您整理初中文学常识思维导图相关资料，欢迎阅读！

一、常见借代词语：

1、桑梓：家乡 2、桃李：学生 3、社稷、轩辕：国家 4、南冠：囚犯 5、同窗：同学 6、烽烟：战争 7、巾帼：妇女 8、丝竹：音乐 9、须眉：男子 10、婵娟、嫦娥：月亮

11、手足：兄弟 12、汗青：史册 13、伉俪：夫妻 14、白丁、布衣：百姓 15、伛偻，黄发：老人 16、桑麻：农事 17、提携，垂髫：小孩 18、三尺：法律 19、膝下：父母 20、华盖：运气

21、函、简、笺、鸿雁、札：书信 22、庙堂：朝廷

二、作者作品：

1、唐宋八大家：韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩

2、并称“韩柳”是韩愈和柳宗元，他们是唐朝古文运动倡导者。

3、一门父子三词客：苏洵（老苏）、苏轼（大苏）、苏辙（小苏）。

4、豪放派词人：苏轼、辛弃疾，并称“苏辛”；婉约派词人：李清照（女词人）

5、李杜：李白、杜甫。小李杜：李商隐、杜牧。

6、屈原：我国最早伟大诗人，他创造了“楚辞”这一新诗体，开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。

7、孔子名丘，字仲尼，春秋时鲁国人，他是儒家学派创始人，被称为“孔圣人”，孟子被称为“亚圣”，两人并称为“孔孟”。

8、苏轼称赞王维“诗中有画，画中有诗。”

9、杜甫是唐代伟大现实主义诗人，其诗广泛深刻反映社会现实，被称为“诗史”，杜甫也因此被尊为“诗圣”，有著名“三吏”：《潼关吏》、《石壕吏》、《新安吏》；“三别”：《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。

10、我国第一部纪传体通史是《史记》（又称《太史公书》），作者是汉朝司马迁，鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”，有：12本纪、30世家、70列传、10表、8书，共130篇。

11、“四史”：《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》。

12、元曲四大家：关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。

13、《聊斋志异》是我国第一部优秀文言短篇小说集，作者是清代著名小说家蒲松龄。“聊斋”是他书屋名，“志”是记叙，“异”是奇怪事情。

14、书法四大家：颜真卿、柳公权、欧阳询、赵孟（fǔ）

15、战国时期百家争鸣主要流派及代表：

儒家：孔子孟子 法家：韩非子

道家：庄子、列子 墨家：墨子

16、南宋四大家：陆游、杨万里、范成大、尤袤

17、边塞诗人：高适、岑参、王昌龄

18、唐宗：唐太宗李世民宋祖：宋太祖赵匡胤秦皇：秦始皇嬴政汉武：汉武帝刘彻

19、我国第一位田园诗人是东晋陶渊明（陶潜），他“不为五斗米折腰”。

20、世界文学作品中四大吝啬鬼：葛朗台、夏洛克、泼溜希金、阿巴贡。

21、中国吝啬鬼典型：严监生。

三、中国文学之最：

最早诗歌总集是《诗经》；

最早爱国诗人是屈原；

最早田园诗人是东晋陶渊明；

最早也是最杰出边塞诗人是盛唐高适和岑参；

古代最杰出豪放派词人是北宋苏轼；

古代最杰出女词人是南宋李清照；

古代最著名爱国词人是南宋辛弃疾；

古代最伟大浪漫主义诗人是唐代李白；

古代最伟大现实主义诗人是唐代杜甫；

古代写诗最多爱国诗人是南宋陆游；

古代最著名长篇神话小说是明代吴承恩《西游记》；

古代最著名长篇历史小说是明初罗贯中《三国演义》；

古代最早写农民起义长篇小说是元末明初施耐庵《水浒传》；

古代最伟大现实主义长篇小说是清代曹雪芹《红楼梦》；

古代最杰出长篇讽刺小说是清代吴敬梓《儒林外史》；

古代最杰出文言短篇小说集是清代蒲松龄《聊斋志异》；

古代最早语录体散文是《论语》；

古代最早记事详备编年体史书是《左传》；

古代最早纪传体通史是《史记》；

古代最杰出铭文是唐代刘禹锡《陋室铭》；

现代最伟大文学家是鲁迅；

现代最杰出长篇小说是茅盾《子夜》；

现代最有影响短篇小说集是鲁迅《呐喊》。

四、文化常识：

1、初唐四杰：王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。

2、三国：魏、蜀、吴。

3、“四大古典名著”：《红楼梦》、《三国演义》、《水浒》、《西游记》。

4、“四大民间传说”：《牛郎织女》、《梁山伯与祝英台》、《孟姜女》、《白蛇传》。

5、世界四大短篇小说巨匠：契诃夫、莫泊桑、马克·吐温、欧·亨利。

6、苏轼散文代表北宋散文最高成就，其诗与黄庭坚并称“苏黄”。

7、马致远散曲代表作《天净沙·秋思》，被誉为“秋思之祖”。

8、曹雪芹“披阅十载，增删五次”创作了我国古典小说中最伟大现实主义作品《红楼梦》（又称《石头记》），它问世后就广为流传，深受人们喜爱，还出现了专门研究该书一门学问——“红学”，“红学”现已成为世界文学研究中重要课题。

9、鲁迅是中国现代文学奠基人，陈毅被称为“元帅诗人”；

臧克家因诗作多为农村题材，有“泥土诗人”之称；

田间被闻一多誉为“时代鼓手”（擂鼓诗人）。

10、岁寒三友：松、竹、梅。

11、花中四君子：梅、兰、竹、菊。

12、文人四友：琴、棋、书、画。

13、文房四宝：笔、墨、纸、砚。

14、四库全书：经、史、子、集。

15、《诗经》“六义”指：风、雅、颂（分类）、赋、比、兴（表现手法）。

16、唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说。

17、桂冠、鳌头、榜首、问鼎、夺魁：第一。

18、三纲五常：“三纲”：父为子纲、君为臣纲、夫为妻纲；“五常”：仁、义、礼、智、信。

19、“四书”“五经”是儒家主要经典：“四书”即《论语》《孟子》《中庸》《大学》；“五经”指《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》。

20、三皇：伏羲、女娲、神农；

五帝：黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、唐尧、虞舜。

21、五金：金、银、铜、铁、锡。

22、五味：酸、甜、苦、辣、咸。

23、五行：金、木、水、火、土。

24、“永字八法”是说“永”字具有：点、横、竖、撇、捺、折、钩、提八种笔画。

25、古代学校有庠、序、太学等名称，明清时最高学府为国子监。

26、三教九流：“三教”：儒教、佛教、道教；“九流”：儒家、道家、阴阳家、法家、名家、墨家、纵横家、杂家、农家。

27、古代科举考试（从隋代至明清）：

A 童生试，也叫“童试”，应试者不分年龄大小都称童生，合格后取得生员（秀才、相公）资格，这样才能参加科举考试。

B 乡试，明清两代每三年在各省省城举行一次考试，由秀才参加，考取叫举人，第一名叫解（jiè）员。

C 会试，明清两代每三年在京城举行一次考试，各省举人及国子监监生皆可应考，录取三百名为贡士，第一名叫会元。

D 殿试，是科举制最高级别考试，皇帝在殿廷上，对会试录取贡士亲自策问，以定甲第。录取分三甲：一甲三名，赐“进士及第”称号，第一名称状元（鼎元），第二名称榜眼，第三名称探花，合称“三甲鼎”；二甲若干名，赐“进士出身”称号；三甲若干名，赐“同进士出身”称号。

正式科举考试，时间每年一次，地点府（州）县，应试者儒生、童生，获取功名秀才

乡试，时间三年一次（秋），地点省城，应试者秀才，获取功名（举人）第一名为解元

会试，时间三年一次（春），地点礼部（京城），应试者举人，获取功名（贡士）第一名为会元

殿试，时间会试后同年4月，地点宫殿，应试者贡士，获取功名（进士）前三名为状元、榜眼、探花

正式科举考试分类：乡试、会试、殿试三级。

连登三甲（三元及第）：解元——会元——状元古代科举考试。

The most successful person may not be the smartest ones.According to a survey conducted among a group of people who were in the same university ten years ago , those whose grade-point average was in the middle fifty percent , all become rich or managers of different fields , while not a single young man of the upper ten percent becomes an executive or boss.

Why the smartest kids in the classwill not end up the richest? Why those who are not excellent in studies tend to be managers or own their own enterprise in their later life? And what factors lead to success in career and life if brains are not the only answer? According to my observation , academic brightness is only part of the story , the other factors are very important.

One ingredient , among other things , is good interpersonal skills. There is stong evidence that friendship can help to tide you over a period of difficulty. With a wide circle of friends who can be trusted yo provide

information and resources, your chances of success are much higher. On the contrary , if you are competent in profession , but have difficulty in getting along with your colleagues and even your boss, you can hardly survive the corporation.

Another component is the ability to express oneself . In today s world , what really counts is the ability to express oneself rather than technical competence or professional knowledge . The larger the orgnization of which you are an employee , and th fiercer the competition , the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts and convince others of your ideas.

Personality is also an important factor. Whatever difficulty or situation , those who appear relaxed and confident are nearer to success. Obviously , among the ingredients for success , intelligence counts for the half , the rest depends on your personality , and other abilities.

最成功的人可能不是最聪明的人。据一项调查中,一群人在同一个大学十年前,那些中间的百分之五十,平均分数都变得富有或经理不同的领域,而没有一个年轻人的百分之十成为高管或老板。

为什么最聪明的孩子最终不是最富有的?为什么那些不优秀的研究往往是经理或者拥有自己的企业,他们未来的生活吗?和什么因素导致成功的职业生涯和生活如果大脑并不是唯一答案?根据我的观察,学术亮度只是故事的一部分,其他因素是非常重要的。

一个成分,除此之外,就是良好的人际关系技巧。斯通有证据表明,友谊可以帮助你渡过难关一个困难的时期。大圈的朋友可以信任你

信息和资源,你成功的机会更高。相反,如果你是胜任的职业,但在与你的同事相处有困难,甚至你的老板,你很难生存。

另一个组件是表达自己的能力。在当今世界,真正重要的是表达自己的能力而不是技术能力或专业知识。组织越大,你是一个雇员,th更激烈的竞争,更重要的是它将会让你知道如何表达你的想法和说服别人的你的想法。

性格也是一个重要因素。不管困难情况下,显得放松和自信的人接近成功。显然,成功的要素之一,智能计数的一半,其余的取决于你的个性,和其他能力。

My Net Friend

I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer. My mother is my first teacher. I know how to type, how to copy a file, and how to visit a web site on the Internet. One day, mom was not at home. I turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on net. The first one I met there was a boy called Tom. He greeted me politely. When he knew that I was only a 9-year-old girl, and almost knew nothing about chatting on net,he started showing me how to use the chatting tools, how to download, and how to send e-mails. I learnt a lot from him.

我开始学电脑的时候才九岁。妈妈是我的启蒙老师。我学会了如何打字，如何拷贝文件，如何上网登录网站。一天，妈妈不在家。我打开电脑，开始学着上网聊天。汤姆是我在网上遇到的第一个朋友。他礼貌地跟我打招呼。当他得知我才九岁，而且对网上聊天一无所知时，他开始教我如何使用聊天工具，如何下载，以及如何发电子邮件。我从他那里学到了很多东西。

上文是老师为同学们带来的关于网友的英语范文，同学们照例子也写一个自己的网友吧！

[初中我的网友英语作文