高中英语作文写作的答题技巧【汇集20篇】

学生从小学开始训练记叙文，到了高中仍停留在以前的水平，甚至觉得越写越困惑，越写越没档次。究其原因，普遍存在选材幼稚、老套，情节没有吸引力，语言乏味等问题，如何指导学生提高记叙文写作水平?笔者在教学实践中从以下几点抓起，并收到较理想的效果。

一、积累并巧用素材

俗话说“巧妇难为无米炊”，没有米，饭是难以做出来或根本做不出来的，掌握丰富的素材，是写好记叙文的基础。学生如能做到仔细观察生活，用心感受生活，再加上广泛阅读各种书报，积累各种素材，写作时就能左右逢源，得心应手了。

但高中生阅历有限，题材多为生活中的平凡小事，要么雷同，要么取舍不当，写出来的文章千篇一律，淡而无味，所以只积累素材还不行，还得学会巧用素材，下面总结三种巧用素材的方法。

1.精心筛选

这 一过程包括鉴别、比较、筛选、取舍等方面。筛选时要遵循去粗取精、去伪存真的原则，也就是要去除低级庸俗的东西，选择有意义的事。所谓有意义的事，就是有 认识价值和教育价值，能给人以启迪和趣味的事，否则作文不能打动人。选材也要回避熟事，如老师带病上课，妈妈雨夜背我去医院这类题材就应该避开，要写“人 人眼中皆有，个个笔下皆无”的事。

2.平中求新

高中记叙文，所选材料除了真实、有意义、符合主题外，应力求新颖，力争做到“人无我有，人有我新”。让学生在作文中运用新颖的材料，确实有一定难度，但是如 果学生能够关注生活小事，以与众不同的“视角”思考，独辟蹊径，挖掘出生活小事中的意蕴，完全可以把很平庸的“破事”、“破材料”写得很有新意。

3.艺术组合

不少同学总是抱怨生活太平淡，没有精彩的东西入文，其实，作文源于生活而又高于生活，写作时允许对素材进行艺术加工。“艺术组合”就是一种好方法，它是将分 散、零碎的材料进行巧妙的组合和嫁接，创造出更具典型的内容，即鲁迅所说的“杂取种种，合成一个”。沈从文《边城》中的翠翠有三个生活原型：一个是泸县绒 线铺的女孩子，翠翠明慧温柔的品性就取之于这个小女孩;一是在青岛崂山看到的女孩子，翠翠的清纯朴实即源于这个乡村女子;一个是作者的师母，从她身上“取 得性格上的朴素式样”。如果我们在作文中也借鉴这种方法，把生活中的点滴感受和经验加以筛选组合，便会提炼出有血有肉富有真情实感的题材，既解决了无米下 锅的问题，又能提高作品的感染力。

二、巧妙构思

古人云：“文似看山不喜平”，写记叙文时如果平铺直叙，就像一马平川上看风景，读来没有趣味;如果叙事曲折回旋，跌宕起伏，就能扣人心弦，引人入胜。那么如何才能做到这一点呢?

1.设置悬念，吸引读者

设置悬念，就是有意设置一个疑问或矛盾，以引起读者追根究底的兴趣和牵肠挂肚的期待。如石繁的《老师给我写情书》，题目就让人不解：“老师怎么能给学生写情 书呢?”迫不及待地看下去才知道，文中的“我”常为自己的相貌苦恼，这时，“我”收到一封情书。情书中说，他倾情于自己已经很久了，很想将来在美丽的大学 校园和“我”牵手漫步，但现在需要的是双方一心一意，努力学习。这封情书没有署名。后来，“我”考上了大学，这件事情也忘记了。待好多年过去，“我”携夫 带子拜访自己的中学老师，情书之谜终于解开。原来是老师为了给自卑感强的“我”以信心，特意写了这封“情书”。这种写法主要作用是抓住读者的心，使文章情 节发展具有吸引读者关切、引人入胜的魅力。

2.制造误会，掀起波澜

所谓“制造误会”就是利用作品人物之间的猜疑或误解，来激化矛盾，掀起波澜，不断推动情节的发展变化，最终释疑解扣。在情节曲折发展的过程中，人物形象也不 断地被丰满和立体化，而作者的感悟，作品所要表现的主题也会在最终释疑的过程中自然展现。唐继柳译的《20美金的价值》，写一位爸爸晚上回家，五岁的儿子 问他一小时挣多少钱，他回答说20美金。之后，儿子小心翼翼地向他提出借10美金，爸爸很生气，他认为孩子要钱是为了买玩具，于是发了一通火。后来他觉得 自己过分了点，再说儿子平常很少要钱，他来到儿子的房间，向儿子道歉。儿子看到爸爸不生气了，便欢叫着从枕头下拿出一沓被弄皱的钞票，慢慢地数着。爸爸一 看又气了：“你有钱，怎么还要?”儿子说：“我现在有20美金了，我可以向你买一个小时的时间吗?明天请你早一点回家——我想和你一起吃晚餐。”爸爸误会 了儿子，原来儿子向自己借钱，是为了达到这么一个目的啊!因为有了两次误会，文中才不显山，不露水，直到结尾，才一下子抖出主旨来，让我们吃了一惊。写记 叙文，在情节的发展过程中“制造误会”，可以有效地推动情节向作者需要的方向发展，并且形成文章波澜，使文章更生动。

3.抑扬转换，体现人物形象的变化

在记叙文写作中，人物形象的塑造非常重要，如果该人物在文章一开始就已经表现出他的全部特征，那么后文的讲述就完全在读者的意料中发展，文章就显得很平，难 以给读者以深刻的印象。而如果作者先带领读者对某人物有一个初步且不完整，甚至反面的认识，然后通过事件的发展展现真正的人物形象和个性，让读者自己推翻 原先的印象，重新确立对人物的认识，那么读者对该人物形象就会有比较深刻的理解。“抑扬转换”就是其中很重要的一种手法。“抑扬转换”，就是指在文章中对 所写的对象，或欲扬先抑，或欲抑先扬，陡然一转的一种艺术手法。运用这种方法来构思写作，往往可以使文章波澜陡起，摇曳多姿，从而达到“山重水复疑无路， 柳暗花明又一村”的佳境。

记叙文作文指导要让学生对情节进行巧妙构思，学会美化情节，才能化腐朽为神奇，将引人入睡的状况变成引人入胜的境界，让笔下的事件趣味盎然，令读者印象深刻。

三、修饰语言

一篇好的作文，除了需要具备深刻的主题、新颖的题材、创新的结构，还有一项重要的要求，就是语言优美靓丽，文采飞扬。在文中恰当地美化语言，特别是开头结尾，重点段中的语言，会有力地升华主题和渲染情感，并会形成文章浓郁的个性风采，下面总结四种美化语言的方法。

1. 善用修辞，增添文采

善于恰当地运用修辞是美化文章语言的最直接最有效的方法。无论是比喻的生动形象，比拟的情深意浓，还是排比的气势磅礴，都会为文字插上想象的翅膀，为情感抹上迷人的色彩。

2. 锤炼词语，让语言更加生动

词语生动必须具备两个条件：一是新鲜，二是形象。新鲜的词语不是追求生涩和怪异，聱牙或冷僻，而是根据表达的需要，区分词义的细微差别，做到语言错落有致，避免重复，用最富创造力的语言来表情达意，给人以美感。形象，指语言具有画面感，巧用词，一字传神。

3. 灵活运用句式，使语言更富美感

现代汉语有多种句式，有整句、散句、长句、短句、肯定句、否定句等。在写作时，如注重句式的变化和使用，会使语言多姿多彩，美感迭生。例如：“我们不能主宰 生命的长度，但我们可以左右生命的宽度”(肯定句与否定句的结合)，又如：“生如夏花般灿烂，死如秋叶般静美”(对比句)。灵活的句式，不仅表现了我们思 维的灵活，也体现了我们驾驭语言的能力，从而增加语言的节奏感和韵律美。

高中记叙文的语言除了具备通顺、流畅、凝练的要求之外，更要力求“美”起来，要有文采、含蓄，意味深长，给人以审美的感受和回味的余地。每一句话都不能简单直白，不咸不淡如温吞吞的白开水，而是要有语言的张力和表现力。

高中记叙文写作指导如能从这三方面来开展，那么，学生的作文距离成功的大门就会越来越近了。不过，在指导学生写作过程中，还会涉及到审题、立意等问题，因此，要提高学生记叙文写作水平，并不是一蹴而就的事。

四、高考记叙文写作的四大要领

要领一.讲一个完整的故事

记叙文是用来做什么的?

记叙文的本质特点是故事性，记叙文是用来讲故事的。好的的记叙文正如好的电视剧，情节精彩，故事性强，悬念重重，能引人入胜。有了故事性，才有了记叙文的本质。

故事精彩，记叙文才能吸引人，才能给读者留下深刻的印象。抓住了故事性的记叙文，即便文笔一般，文章也差不到哪里去。通常情况下，学生写的记叙文不佳，最主 要的原因就是故事的框架、选材和情节没有构造好，文章显得平庸乏味。学生写记叙文要从故事性入手，有故事则有内容，有内容才有精彩。高考记叙文写作，成败 的关键皆由故事性决定。

优秀的 记叙文，往往构思精致巧妙，情节引人入胜，高明的作者都在故事情节的完整及构思的巧妙方面下功夫。记叙文要完整生动地叙述故事，名家名作无不是寓巧妙的情 节构思于完整的故事之中。故事的情节是要靠矛盾的发展去推动的，因而情节的发展要有自然性、合理性和完整性。如果片面求新而破坏了故事的完整性，就会得不 偿失。

要领二.塑一个鲜活的人物

写记叙文离不开写人。写人千万不能写成纸人，站立不起来，鲜来。写人要把人物写鲜活起来，要写得有血有肉，从而给读者留下深刻的印象。

要让记叙文中的人物形象鲜活起来，除了对人物与事件进行叙述以外，还必须进行细致深入的描写。描写人物常用的方法是肖像描写、动作描写、语言描写、心理活动描写等等。

要领三.作一番生动的描写

记叙文中的描写，包括人物描写、景物描写、场面描写等等。

人物的肖像描写，主要指描写人的容貌、神情、姿态、服饰等方面。肖像刻画要以形写神，形神俱似，不可千人一面，千篇一律。形神兼备的肖像描写有助于揭示人物的性格特征和内心世界，表现出人物的时代特征;结合情节的发展，还能显示人物的命运。

人物的语言描写要做到立片言而尽显人物精神。人物语言包括独白和对话两种。独白指人物的自言自语，对话是两个人或多个人之间的相互交谈。历来优秀作家都十分 重视人物语言的描写，常说的“如闻其声，如见其人”，既是对作家塑造生动人物形象的高明技法的赞誉，也是语言描写的功能和作用的体现。

人物的动作描写要做到在举手投足之间见到人物的真性情。对人物进行心理描写则要做到洞幽烛微，表现人物的精神面貌，窥视人物的心灵世界，刻画人物的性格特征，揭示人物的身份境遇，突出作品的主题思想。

景物描写要突出景物的神韵，必须抓住景物的层次和主要特征有序描写。场面描写要突出场面的特点，要把人物置于场面之中。

不管是人物描写、景物描写，还是场面描写，都必须注意细节描写，就是对故事情节中那些极富个性特点的细枝末节方面进行描写。细节虽小，却往往通过作品给人留 下深刻、难忘的印象。优秀的文学作品，甚至一篇不太成功的作文，常常因其某一独特而极具个性的细节描写，而令我们过目不忘。

写人记事绘景，可正面描摹，以见真形;也可侧面烘托，以显神韵。正面描摹，即对作文中要写的人物、事件、环境等进行正面而直接的、具体、生动、形象的刻画。 侧面烘托，则是借他人他物或环境，以衬托此人此物此景而显出精神的一种方法。这样，写事件则场面活现，写人物则栩栩如生。

要领四.抒一段动人的情感

抒情，简单地说，就是用真挚的语言来抒发内心的情感。在记叙的过程中，恰到好处地对所记叙的人和事抒发感情，可以让平白的叙事锦上添花，引起读者的共鸣。抒 情的文字有时渗透在文章的字里行间，作者凭借所描述的人、事、景、物来传情达意，即间接抒情，常见的间接抒情方法有叙事抒情、借景抒情、托物言志三种。抒 情文字有时在叙述和描写的基础上直接抒发，也就是直抒胸臆。

Summer can be very hot in southern taibei where the temperature usually goes up to 32"C or more. Because of the heat it is a trying experience to go to school or do anything else in a place that is not air-conditioned. Also because of this I stay at home most of the time during the summer vacation and only occasionally go to the beach to plunge myself into the cool water as a way to keep my body less sticky. Actually I like swimming and think nothing is more refreshing than a swim. In the summer vacation that has just ended I went swimming many times with my classmates and we all had a good time. This summer vacation, however, was not spent entirely in seeking fun. As a second-year senior student I had to prepare myself for the college entrance examinations that were only a year away. In other words, I must find time to study, too. So I divided my time between work and play during the summer vacation and derived much benefit from this arrangement.

I spent this summer vacation in quite a different way. I used to run about every day in previous summer vacations, but this summer vacation I simply could not afford to do so. I would soon be in the last year of my high-school education and would after graduation be up against the college entrance examinations. Though those examinations were still a year away, I had to start early to make myself well prepared by reviewing all those things I had learned at school and this summer vacation was the ideal time for me to do this. At first I was rather dismayed at the thought of this, but later I thought it was better this way because by working hard this summer I could count on endless happy summers to come. With this in mind I then set to work like anything and only occasionally went out for a change or did some physical. I was not at all bored by this kind of life, for I was sustained by a hope.

Dear Tim,

With Spring Festival drawing near, I’d like to invite you to my home to experience the festival.

When you come, we can enjoy traditional Chinese food together, and then put up Spring Festival couplets. As a traditional custom, the couplets are always posted on the door of a house. Written on red paper, a couplet is composed of two lines of poetry, which rhyme with each other. Not only do the couplets add some joyous atmosphere to the festival, but also they express people’s wishes for a better life.

I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. Looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Hua

1) 主语+ cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)例如：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

2)There is no need for sb to do sth. for sth.(某人没有必要做……)，例如：There is no need for you to bring more food. 不需你拿来更多的食物了。

3)By +doing…，主语can …. (借着……，……能够……)，例如：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

4) … enable + sb.+ to + do…. (……使……能够……)，例如：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

5) On no account can we + do…. (我们绝对不能……)，例如：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

6) What will happen to sb.? (某人将会怎样?), 例如：What will happen to the orphan? 那个孤儿将会怎样?

7)For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式…. (过去……年来，……一直……)例如：For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

8)It pays to + do….(……是值得的。)例如：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。

9)主语+ be based on….(以……为基础)，例如：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

10)主语 + do one’s best to do….(尽全力去……)，例如：We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标

变换顺序法主要是指在叙事的过程中改变常规的顺叙，而采用倒叙、插叙等叙述方法，从而带给文章一种摇曳多姿的美。

具体来说运用倒叙即是把事件的结局或某个最突出的片断提在前面叙述，然后再从事件的开头进行叙述。

倒叙的类型大致有以下三种：一是把结局提前，如《背影》；二是像《羚羊木雕》那样把中间扣人心弦的部分提前；三是由眼前事物引起对往事的回忆，如《风筝》。

采用倒叙的情况一般有三种：一是为了表现文章中心思想的需要，把最能表现中心思想的部分提到前面，加以突出；二是为了使文章结构富于变化，避免平铺直叙；三是为了表现效果的需要，使文章曲折有致，造成悬念，引人入胜。

使用倒叙应注意以下三点：

一、倒叙实在是一种截叙，是顺叙的变式。那么，关键在于截得恰到好处。或截意外的结局于前，使读者急欲读完全文；或截精彩片断于先，使文章开首即光彩照人。到底怎样截，在什么地方生变，是费心血、见功力的。特别是片断倒叙更是如此。

二、注意顺叙与倒叙之间的衔接。倒叙是顺叙中某个部分提前，倒叙之后还要转为顺叙。所以，倒与顺之间存在着天然的内在联系。使用倒叙既要做到过渡自然，又要把倒叙的起止点交代清楚。

三、不可为倒叙而倒叙。若文章所反映的事件历时较长，情况又较复杂，才适宜用倒叙的方法。对于时间跨度小、情节单纯的事件则不必用倒叙的方式，若勉强使用反倒故弄玄虚了。

插叙，是在叙述中心事件的过程中，为了帮助展开情节或刻画人物，暂时中断叙述的线索，插入一段与主要情节相关的内容，然后再接着叙述原来的内容。插叙与倒叙的区别在于：插叙只是顺叙中的一个片断，不是全文中心事件的一部分；而倒叙所叙的内容是整个事件中的一个组成部分或一个环节。

如鲁迅的《故乡》中有两处插叙。一处是当我的母亲谈到闰土时，作者用这时候，我的脑海里忽然闪出一幅神异的图画来。引出对少年闰土形象的插叙。另一处是对杨二嫂形象的回忆。这两处插叙使闰土、杨二嫂过去与现在的不同形象及不同生活境况形成鲜明对比，充实了文章内容，深入发掘了主题思想。插叙的内容应能对中心内容起补充、解释或衬托作用，根据中心内容的需要可长可短，但不能超越表现中心思想的范围，否则会喧宾夺主、繁琐累赘。使用插叙时，要安排好与中心内容的衔接，使过渡自然，内容贯通一气。

需要指出的是，在运用插叙时不能打乱原来的叙述线索，要注意与上下文的衔接。这样，文章的结构不仅富有变化，而且叙述事情的条理非常清楚。

aboutasto

getacquire(knowledge/skills)

offerafford(jobopportunities)

expectanticipatechanges/difficulities)

solvetackle/grapplewith

raiseelevate/heighten

mostimportantoverriding/override

combinesynthesize

supportuphold(ournationalvalues)

deepen

weak

usetoomuch

becauseof

satisfy

learn

finally

right

know

miss

dotogether

boring

balance

difference

prettybutlessuseful

fresh

happenagain

good

difficult

perfect

urgent

sad

many/toomuch

fast-growing

maketrue

should

control

broadenone’shorizon

spendAonB

AisimportanttoB

finishsthby

decidetodo

sthisimportant

finditdifficulttodofuelvfuelconflictssap/one’sconfidencestretchnaturalresourcestothelimitattributeto/ascribetomeet/begearedtoward+sthdrawonothers’experienceendupdoing/endwithmakesensenaildownpassuppitchinsitthroughequilibriumecologicalequilibriumdistinctionnicetiesnoveltyrecurringpaindesirableundesirable:notgoodchallengingflawlesspressingbittermounting/awealthofburgeoningpopulationfulfillbesupposetoholdfasttoone’sdreamexpandone’soutlookdedicateAtoBAbeanessentialingredientof/bepartandparcelof/bethecornerstoneofBexploreeveryavenuetowardmakeitapointtodobeamilepostinbehard-pressedtodo/haveahardtimedoingsth

conflictbeatoddswith

few/littleverylittle,ifany

opposefrownon

befullofbeinundated/saturatedwith

todoharmtobelikelytofallpreyto/bevulnerableto

concerncausegraveconcern/concernshavearisenabout

meanspelldisaster/troublefor

makesthsthAhasrenderBsth

tootosthhasreachedsuchproportionthat/…tothepointwhere…mostimportantmorethananything,/andaboveall

growtheproliferationoffast-food/cybergames

seesthobjectivelyputsthinperspective

thinksthmostimportantit’shardtooverstatethesignificanceofneedsthnecessitate/entail

bedevotedtobebenton/upon

showmirror/embody

differentthewholespectrumof

turningpointbeawatershed

accordingtointheeyesof

affecthinder

ageera

aimtargetv

andalongwith/aswellas

andsoonthelike

appearmushroom/springup/sproutup

applyputintopractice

askconsult

aspectsphere

attachenclose

attracttempt/appealto

audienceviewer

basisfoundation

beabletobecapableto

beconvenientatone’sconvenience

begoodatbeskilledat

behelpfulbeofhelp

beimportantbeofimportance

benearbearoundthecorner

beobviousitgoeswithoutsayingthat…/itisarguablethatberisingskyrocket/rocket/soar

besuretobeboundto

besurprisedatbeamazedat

beuselessbeofnouse

bearbeloadedwith

becauseofdueto

becomefashionablecomeintoafashion

becomehappycheerup

beforeoriginal

buildfound/putup/shape

buyafford

byoneselfallalone

carefulattentive

causeattributeto/leadto

changemodify/shift/fluctuation

changewithvarywith

cheatingdeception

choosefrommakeachoicebetween

clearevident/self-evident

comefromstemfrom/springfrom

comeoutcomeforth

complainplaceacomplaintagainst

considerconvince/figureout/givethoughtto

consider…..importantattachimportanceto/laymuchemphasisuponcontinuegoahead

controlinthegripsof

cooperatejoinhandswith

decidedetermine

deepprofound/far-reaching

dependonhingeupon/counton

dependononeselfliveonone’sown

developcultivate/buildup

difficultybarrier

diligentindustrious

dogoinfor/carryout

dogooddofavor/helpv

dropdecline/ontheebb

eatlessgoonadiet

emphasisputahighvalueon/treasurev/valuev/cherishv

enablefacilitate

encouragespursbonto/motivate

endangerjeopardize

enforcestrengthen

engagemajorin

enjoybecrazyabout

enlargebroaden

enoughadequate

evaluatespeakhighlyof

explainuavelthemysteryof/accountfor/beresponsiblefor

facebefacedwith/faceup

failfrustrate

failurefrustration

fameprestige

famousprominent

famouspeoplegalaxy

feelingpassion/sentiments

findlocate

findoutsortout

finishaccomplish

firelayoff

fixinginstallation

focusoncenteron

forexampleacaseinpoint

foreverpermanent

futureprospective

getacquire/regain

getridofeliminate

givegrant/issue

give/supplyprovide…with

giveattentiontogivepriorityto

globaluniversal

goonbringforward

goalheart’sdesire

goodbeneficial

goodstudentstopstudents

goodsnecessity

greatenormous/dramatic

greatprime/utmost

greetingsregards

growflourish

happinesswell-being

havepossess

havearelationshipwithbeontermswith

hopelookforwardto

hopetodosthbeeagertososth./longtodosthhopefulpromising

ignoreneglect

illnessdisease

importantessential/vita

improveenhance/boost/upgrade

improvementadvance

ingroupsintwosandthrees

includemakeup

increasesoar

influencemold

intendtargettodosth./bemeanttodointerestedcrazy

interestinglywithgreatinterestintroductionprospectus

investigationsurvey

joboccupation/employment

joinmaintain/holdonto

keepmaintain/holdonto

killoneselfcommitsuicide

knowgrasp/beawareof/knowaboutknowledgecommand

leavedepartfrom

likepreference

limitconfine

loadburden

lookaroundexamine

lookforruninto/huntfor

lookup…inreferto

lowerinferior

makenervousplacestrainon

makeprogressmakeleapsin/pressforwardmakesureguarantee

makesurethattoseeitthat…

manyberichin/countless

meetruninto/comeacross

messchaos

necessaryindispensable

needbeinneedof

nothesitatefeelfreetodosth

notknowbeignorantof

number

obvious

occupation

offer

only

outcome

overcome

pass

payattentionto

people

perform

period

在英语教学中，培养学生听、说、读、写的能力是相辅相成的。经常练习写作，可以巩固和发展听说能力 ，还可以促进阅读能力的提高。写作能促使学生勤复习、多思考。通过对一词一句反复推敲，有助于提高使用 语言的准确性。学习用英语写作是培养英语思维能力的重要途径之一，有了一定的英语思维能力，英语学习就 能产生一个相应的飞跃。因此，在高中阶段指导、培养学生写英语作文是不容等闲视之的。

用英语解释生词，为学生打好写作基础。教师应创造语言环境，通过耳濡目染、潜移默化，培养用英语思 维的习惯。在教每课的单词和词组时，要尽量用学生学过的单词、词组进行解释。刚开始时，可由教师用英语 解释生词，后来可让学生根据汉语释意，用自己学过的单词、词组解释。这样，经过一段时间的训练，学生的 英语思维能力就会有所提高，为英语写作打下较好的基础。在作文时，如果不知道某个东西的英语表达方式而 又无词典可查，这时学生就会用其释义来代替，如用“a person who nakes clothes”来代替“atailor”， 这虽不完全符合英语语言习惯，但对初学写作的高中生来说还是值得鼓励的。

通过缩写和改写课文，培养学生的英语概括能力。缩写课文会激励学生去认真钻研课文内容，有助于加深 学生对课文的理解，提高学生归纳总结和进行简要表达的能力。缩写课文允许改动原意，不允许删去主要内容 。缩写课文一般应该用自己的话来写，不能只停留在拼凑原文的词句上，也不要逐句、逐段照原文去改写。这 些均通过示例让学生明白和掌握，并在实践中让他们仔细加以体会。改写课文可以培养学生举一反三的语言表 达能力，熟练掌握英语表达方法，促使学生去钻研、去思考，调动学习的积极性，学生把学过的知识运用到实 际中去，这对于提高英语水平大有裨益。改写，除了我们通常所说的句子、段落的释义之外，还包括用其他体 裁改写整篇课文。如高中英语第一册第三课短剧“The Lost Necklace”可改写为记叙文。有的课文，如高中英 语第一册“The Blind Men And The Elephant”和第十课“At A Tailors Shop”等，就可以让学生改写成短 剧，并让他们在班上表演。有的课文故事是第三人称叙述的，如“The Footprint”，就可以让学生用第一人称 加以改写，使他们身临其境，自由发挥。这样可创造情景，促使他们“下笔如有神”。

以多题材、多形式的自由作文训练，加强意念功能的培养。经过一段时间的缩写和改写的笔头训练之后， 学生对写作有了一定的基础和兴趣，就可以放手让他们进行多种题材的自由作文训练，使学生在自由表达思想 和内心感受中，加强意念功能培养。(1) 练习写周记日记是培养学生英语自由写作能力的第一步。写周记日记 ，学生不受内容和经验的限制，可就熟悉的题材，充分发挥自己的想象力，自由表达。(2) 看图作文新颖活泼 ，能激发学生英语写作的积极性。可以用流传较广的传说、故事作图，让学生写记叙文。比如画几幅老鼠商议 给猫挂铃铛的图，让学生以“The cat and the bell”作文。也可画一幅漫画，让学生写简易议论文。如画一 幅之人向三个方向划一条小船，让学生写出情景加以评论，并命题。(3) 作文可由教师统一命题，也可由学生 自由命题。命题作文要注意先易后难，开始让学生写一些自己熟悉、易于表达的题材。如：“Our School”、 “My Family”、“A Letter To Somebody”、“ARepectable Teacher”、“Life In Summer Vacation”等。 在此基础上，提高一步，写一些较难的题目。如:My Idea, Money And Happiness等。刚开始练习命题作文写作 时，可让学生课外完成，规定交作文日期即可。经过一段时间后，可要求他们在课堂上完成，借以培养他们的 思考能力，提高快速写作的能力。

通过讲评帮助学生逐步掌握写作要领。作文批阅应与课堂讲评相结合，一方面在班上朗诵优秀作文，说明 其好在哪里。另一方面要分析各种典型错误，尤其是汉式英语，务必通过讲译，使学生进一步了解错误产生的 原因，以及如何纠正。为了加深印象，避免讲评中烦琐指点，最好对各种错误进行分类整理，教师应注意分类 的合理性和系统性。

1. To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.

爱护环境就是爱护我们自己。

2.Water is the source of ourlives

水是生命之源。

3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation

我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状。

4.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.

我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争。

5.We are sure that well win the battle.

我们坚信我们能赢得战斗。

6.Its high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.

是时候我们应该防止环境污染了。

7. Keep our mountains green，the wate clean，and the sky blue.

使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝。

8.However，natural resources are not inexhaustible.some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.

然而自然资源并不是无穷无尽的，一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘。

9.If we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.

如果我们不为将来考虑，后代就会受到威胁。

10.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.

没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了。

11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.

如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，……一定会有恶劣的后果。

I was born on March 18。 My family is neither very rich nor very poor。 My parents are peasants。 They work hard to support the family。 They encourage me to study well。 My childhood was happy。

I like learning。 I like music and sports， too。 I can run very fast and am the fastest runner in my class。 I am good at English， Physics and Math。

I want to be a scientist。 Scientists have made recorders， TV sets， and so on。 They have also invented the computer。 All these make our life rich， interesting and easy。

What can I say about Pixar? Amazing?? Perfect?? Got to see this at the Cannes Film Festival in France (went>【扩展阅读篇】

所谓“感”

可以是从书中领悟出来的道理或精湛的思想，可以是受书中的内容启发而引起的思考与联想，可以是因读书而激发的决心和理想，也可以是因读书而引起的对社会上某些丑恶现象的抨击、讽刺。读后感的表达方式灵活多样，基本属于议论范畴，但写法不同于一般议论文，因为它必须是在读后的基础上发感想。要写好有体验、有见解、有感情、有新意的读后感，必须注意以下几点：

首先，要读好原文

“读后感[1]”的“感”是因“读”而引起的。“读”是“感”的基础。走马观花地读，可能连原作讲的什么都没有了解，哪能有“感”?读得肤浅，当然也感得不深。只有读得认真，才能有所感，并感得深刻。如果要读的是议论文，要弄清它的论点(见解和主张)，或者批判了什么错误观点，想一想你受到哪些启发，还要弄清论据和结论是什么。如果是记叙文，就要弄清它的主要情节，有几个人物，他们之间是什么关系，以及故事发生在哪年哪月。作品涉及的社会背景，还要弄清楚作品通过记人叙事，揭示了人物什么样的精神品质，反映了什么样的社会现象，表达了作者什么思想感情，作品的哪些章节使人受感动，为什么这样感动等等。

其次，排好感点

只要认真读好原作，一篇文章可以写成读后感的方面很多。如对原文中心感受得深可以写成读后感，对原作其他内容感受得深也可以写成读后感，对个别句子有感受也可以写成读后感。总之，只要是原作品的内容，只要你对它有感受，都可能写成读后感，你需要把你所知道的都表示出来，这样才能写好读后感。

第三、选准感点

一篇文章，可以排出许多感点，但在一篇读后感里只能论述一个中心，切不可面面俱到，所以紧接着便是对这些众多的感点进行筛选比较，找出自己感受最深、角度最新，现实针对性最强、自己写来又觉得顺畅的一个感点，作为读后感的中心，然后加以论证成文。

第四、叙述要简

既然读后感是由读产生感，那么在文章里就要叙述引起“感”的那些事实，有时还要叙述自己联想到的一些事例。一句话，读后感中少不了“叙”。但是它不同于记叙文中“叙”的要求。记叙文中的“叙”讲究具体、形象、生动，而读后感中的“叙”却讲究简单扼要，它不要求“感人”，只要求能引出事理。初学写读后感引述原文，一般毛病是叙述不简要，实际上变成复述了。这主要是因为作者还不能把握所要引述部分的精神、要点，所以才简明不了。简明，不是文字越少越好，简还要明。

第五，联想要注意形式

联想的形式有相同联想(联想的事物之间具有相同性)、相反联想(联想的事物之间具有相反性)、相关联想(联想的事物之间具有相关性)、相承联想(联想的事物之间具有相承性)、相似联想(联想的事物之间具有相似性)等多种。写读后感尤其要注意相同联想与相似联想这两种联想形式的运用。

编辑本段如何写读后感

格式

一、格式和写法

读后感通常有三种写法：一种是缩写内容提纲，一种是写阅读后的体会感想，一种是摘录好的句子和段落。题目可以用《读后感》;还可以用自己的感受(一两个词语)做题目，下一行是——《读有感》，第一行是主标题，第二行是副标题。

二、要选择自己感受最深的东西去写，这是写好读后感的关键。

三、要密切联系实际，这是读后感的重要内容。

四、要处理好“读”与“感”的关系，做到议论，叙述，抒情三结合。

五、叙原文不要过多，要体现出一个“简”字。

六、要审清题目。

在写作时，要分辨什么是主要的，什么是次要的，力求做到“读”能抓住重点，“感”能写出体会。

七、要选择材料。

读是写的基础，只有读得认真仔细，才能深入理解文章内容，从而抓住重点，把握文章的思想感情，才能有所感受，有所体会;只有认真读书才能找到读感之间的联系点来，这个点就是文章的中心思想，就是文中点明中心思想的句子。对一篇作品，写体会时不能面面俱到，应写自己读后在思想上、行动上的变化。

八、写读后感应以所读作品的内容简介开头，然后，再写体会。

原文内容往往用3～4句话概括为宜。结尾也大多再回到所读的作品上来。要把重点放在“感”字上，切记要联系自己的生活实际。

九、要符合情理、写出真情实感。

写读后感的注意事项

①写读后感绝不是对原文的抄录或简单地复述，不能脱离原文任意发挥，应以写“体会”为主。

②要写得有真情实感。应是发自内心深处的感受，绝非“检讨书”或“保证书”。

③要写出独特的新鲜感受，力求有新意的见解来吸引读者或感染读者。

④禁止写成流水账!

编辑本段要写关于学习的读后感应该读什么有感

(1)引——围绕感点 引述材料。简述原文有关内容。

(2)概——概括本文的主要内容 ,要简练,而且要把重点写出来。

(3)议——分析材料，提练感点。亮明基本观点。在引出“读”的内容后，要对“读”进行一番评析。既可就事论事对所“引”的内容作一番分析;也可以由现象到本质，由个别到一般的作一番挖掘;对寓意深的材料更要作一番分析，然后水到渠成地“亮”出自己的感点。要选择感受最深的一点，用一个简洁的句子明确表述出来。这样的句子可称为"观点句"。这个观点句表述的，就是这篇文章的中心论点。"观点句"在文中的位置是可以灵活的，可以在篇首，也可以在篇末或篇中。初学写作的同学，最好采用开门见山的方法，把观点写在篇首。

(4) 联——联系实际，纵横拓展。围绕基本观点摆事实讲道理。写读后感最忌的是就事论事和泛泛而谈。就事论事撒不开，感不能深入，文章就过于肤浅。泛泛而谈，往往使读后感缺乏针对性，不能给人以震撼。联，就是要紧密联系实际，既可以由此及彼地联系现实生活中相类似的现象，也可以由古及今联系现实生活中的相反的种种问题。既可以从大处着眼，也可以从小处入手。当然在联系实际分析论证时，还要注意时时回扣或呼应“引”部，使“联”与“引””藕”断而“丝”连这部分就是议论文的本论部分，是对基本观点(即中心论点)的阐述，通过摆事实讲道理证明观点的正确性，使论点更加突出，更有说服力。这个过程应注意的是，所摆事实，所讲道理都必须紧紧围绕基本观点，为基本观点服务。

在申论的命题原理和作答思路中，解决问题能力成为了最基本也是最重要的能力。此能力在诸多题型中都有所体现，不管是提出对策、贯彻执行、还是综合分析，都有着很高的比重，对于文章写作亦意义重大。因此， 策论文是广大考生必须掌握的基本申论文章写作类型。

一、追根溯源——什么是策论文

所谓策论文，简言之即文章的正文部分以提对策为主。近几年的国考和省考文章命题中都有所涉猎，且题干或要求中已限定只能写策论文。例如：

[2013 年国考地市]

请以“让……大放异彩”为题，写一篇内容充实的文章。

要求：

1.用恰当的文字替换“让……大放异彩”中的省略号部分，是指构成一个完整具体的文章标题;

2.主题应与“给定资料”相关，但素材不必拘泥于“给定资料”要结合生活中的具体感受，切忌空谈政策;

3.观点鲜明，结构完整，语言流畅;4.字数800-1000 字。

[2010 年广东省考]

针对材料中所反应的问题(仅限所给材料)，以“进一步加强农民工工作”为题，写一篇800 字左右的策论文章。

要求：措施全面，结构完整，条理清晰，行文流畅，针对性强，具有可操作性。

二、明确规范——策论文的文章格式

作为申论的文章写作，行文规范是文章的基本要求，也是体现政府机关工作的基本特点。对于策论文写作理应体现以下之规范：

P1：开头概括材料，分析主题、提出总论点

P2：分论点一(段首为对策性分论点)

P3：分论点二(段首为对策性分论点)

P4：分论点三(段首为对策性分论点)

P5：结尾总结升华

从此规范可见，策论文的基本特点在于文章主体段落必须以对策加以呈现， 望考生能谨记。

三、避免误区——策论文的注意事项

当前很多考生在写策论文的过程中有以下两个误区:

误区一：策论文即文章只能写对策，不能有分析。这是很多考生在文章写作常犯的一个错误，申论文章的写作在于说理，说理势必有理有据，因此自当有分析有对策，分析愈透彻，方显对策之针对性。

误区二：文章主体段落有对策即为策论文。申论文章角度的区分不在于文章篇幅的大小，对策多即为策论文，这是常见的误解。而根本性的判定文章是否为策论文在于段旨句是否为对策。

四、学以致用——策论文分论点来源

古语有云“他山之石可以攻玉”，不管是作为考生平时的知识积累，或是来自于材料中主题所涉及的对策都可成为文章写作的分论点。以2013 年国考地市文章写作为例，材料中谈到了很多文化发展的对策，例： 发展文化人才、搭建文化阵地、扶持本国文化事业、重视传统文化教育，都可成为本文写作的分论点，考生可根据对策与主题之间的关系以及对策之间的密切程度酌情筛选，确定分论点。

同时，考生还可根据平时的积累，对于文化发展的对策也可以结合自身，从实际中出发，例如，扎根群众，提高文化自觉性;认真学习，提升文化自信;抵制西化，捍卫文化尊严等等，从这些方面进行论述，进而打造“人无我有，人有我优”的文章写作亮点。

[策论文写作方法技巧

Lets prevent H1N1 from happening to usDuring the last few months,H1N1 ful has set off across the whole world.If we have the right way to prevent it ,it wont scare.Here are some suggestions for you:First of all,you should cover your mouth with a napkin whtn you cough re sneeze,Next youd better stay away from the public place if possible, if you have to,please wear a mask.Wash your hands carefully before meals and always keep your windows open so that the air will be fresh.At last,try to do more excisice to make your body strong so that you can stay in health.I think this is the most important.

最近这几个月里，H1N1病毒在全世界引发起来。如果我们用正确的方法预防它，免费学英语网站，它就不会那么可怕。这里有一些为你的建议：首先，当你在咳嗽或者打喷嚏的时候，你应该用手捂着嘴。然后你最好尽可能的离公共场所远一点，如果你必须去，免费英语学习网站，请戴上口罩。饭前仔细洗手，经常打开窗后这样使空气保持清新。最后你应该做更多的运动去使你身体更强壮，这样你就可以保持健康了。我认为这才是最重要的。

英语写作：Freedom in my Dream

Mothers Day Mother’s Day is a holiday when children honor their mothers with

cards, gifts and flowers. In many countries, such as Denmark, Finland, Italy,

Turkey, Australia and the US, people cel lebrate Mother’s Day on the second

Sunday in May while many other countries of the world celebrate their own

Mother’s day at different times through out the year.

One of the best ways to celebrate Mother’s Day is to give your mom the day

off. Let her relax with the rest of the family doing all the housework. Usually,

dad and the kids will let mom sleep late that morning as they go into the

kitchen to prepare her favourite breakfast. Never forget to place a vase with a

single flower on the table beside the food. The kids can pick up the flower from

the garden or buy one from the shop. Arrange everything nicely before mom wakes

up. Some families will carry the food and mom’s favourite sections from the

newspaper to her bedroom so that mom can have breakfast in bed. Presents and

cards from the kids can be handed to mom by themselves or just placed on the

dining table.

After breakfast, go anywhere mom likes to go. Shopping, swimming or going on

a picnic in the garden. Make a special Mother’s Day dinner or take mom out for a

great meal in a famous restaurant she loves most.

Anyway ,let mom enjoy the whole day and feel your love, and then the Mother’s

Day can be a good one. As Mother’s Day is around the corner, it’s time to take

actions!

1.比喻入题，直接扣题 。

“理智和情感是人类生活中的两只脚印，人类在认知事物的道路上的每一次成长都和他们的理智及情感有关。”《天平和七弦琴》解说：将理智和情感比作是人类生活中的两只脚印，首句入题，就形象地点出了情感与理智的内在关系——情感与理智对认知具有重要的影响。这样的开头，入题迅速，闪烁着思辨的色彩，令人耳目一新。

2.拟人入题，激发想像 。

“在蝶的眼中，花是天使，因为花给予她生命的甘露；在花的眼中，蜂是挚友，因为蜂给予她生命的延续。然而在蝶眼中，蜂不过是埋头苦干的笨蛋，在蜂眼中，蝶不过是游戏花间的浪子。” 《学会历史的旁观》）解说：文章开头赋予蝶、蜂、花以人的性情，连物都会带着情感的眼光来评价、认知事物，更何况是情感丰富的人？通过生动贴切的拟人手法，将话题的内在含义巧妙点出，不仅唤起了人们对美好事物的相关联想，更体现了作者的睿智。

3.设问入题，启人深思 。

“人有七情，自有喜好与厌恶之情，然而，当这种好恶之情掺入对真理的认识时，又会有怎样的影响呢？”《勿以好恶论断之》）解说：一起笔就紧扣情感与认知，以一种假设将读者的思维引向对本质问题的思索，文章的立意显得十分深刻。这样的入题方式，将设问的修辞作用发挥得淋漓尽致，简洁，却分量十足。

4.排比入题，先声夺人 。

“你会因喜爱北国的皑皑白雪，而对南国的椰树海风不屑一顾吗？你会因沉迷于江南的小桥流水、青瓦白墙，而否定西北‘大漠孤烟’的美吗？你会介意林黛玉‘使性子’，而不看经典名著《红楼梦》吗？你会钟情流行音乐，而厌烦‘沉闷乏味’的古典音乐吗？——古希腊哲人曾说，人是感情的动物。因此，面对大千世界，感情上的亲疏远近、喜好憎恶往往会影响到对人对事的看法。相信每个人的心中都会有架天平，有个自己的标准，用来衡量周遭的一切。”（《心中的天平》）解说：优雅的语言、和谐的音节、丰富的形象还不足以触动你的情感吗？还不足以让你在美的品味中恍然大悟“原来对美的感知，对人对事的看法，都是要受到心中那架天平的影响”吗？

5.抒情议论入题，入情入理 。

“ 常常是一位亲人的生命如流星般陨落，我们才悲哀于死神的无情；常常是一位朋友在与疾病殊死斗争，我们才诅咒病魔的猖獗横行；常常是我们自己的利益受到了侵犯，我们才正视社会上的毒瘤……感情的叶片时常遮挡住我们理智的目光。”（高考优秀作文《放下感情的叶片》）解说：这样的语言是不是很容易唤起你的共鸣？这样的开头，既饱含着深厚的情感，又折射出理性的色彩。如此入情入理的文字，引导我们触摸到了这样的本质——“感情的叶片时常遮挡住我们理智的目光”。

6.名言警句入题，彰显底蕴 。

“人是有感情的，正如古语所说的‘人非草木，孰能无情。故而，在认知事物时便不自觉地附着了浓浓的个人情感。于是有了‘情人眼里出西施’的缠绵，有了‘感时花溅泪’的悲戚。（《怎一个“情”字了得》解说：文章开头即紧扣住一个“情”字，在三句话中嵌入了三句有关情感的名句，显示出了考生较为扎实的写作功底和文学底蕴。

7.对比入题，表明立场 。

“有时候，感情是一剂善变的药，融在爱人的酒杯中，苦涩里也能品出甘润；有时候，感情是一把双刃剑，握在敌人的手里，纵轻轻挥下也觉得伤痕累累。”（《真情诚可贵 理智价更高》）解说：感情既是能化苦涩为甘润的“善变的药”，又是可以带来累累伤痕的“双刃剑”。精致的比喻将情感的两重性揭示出来，构成巧妙的对比，非常形象地点出了文章的中心：真情诚可贵，理智价更高。

8.假设情景入题，埋下伏笔 。

“如果你正赶时间，可是走到路口却被人告诉前面过不去。如果这个人是你认识的人，你会怎么办？如果这个人是陌生人，你又会怎么办？”《不要和陌生人说话》）解说：是啊，假如遇到这种情景，我们该怎么办？是从感情亲疏的角度出发，对所认识的人相信多一点，对所不认识的人相信少一点，还是反过来？假如其他类似的情景，又该怎么办？很自然地，我们便顺着作者的思路追寻下去，去看看作者预设的答案到底是什么。

9.品评时事入题，追踪本质 。

APEC让全世界刮起了‘唐装热’。看着那不同肤色、不同国籍的人们着一身相同的唐装时，我不禁呐喊，我爱唐装！曾经，这样的传统服装让国人排斥，单调乏味，不及洋装轻便舒适，人们抱怨过，人们责难过，穿着这样的衣服甚至让他们羞愧，我不禁要问：一件衣服，有那么多过错吗？我看是感情在作祟吧！”（《我爱唐装》解说：直接以APEC会议引起的“唐装热”入题，联系对唐装前后情感态度的不同，引出了对本质的追问——衣服自然不会有对错，错的是人们的情感和认知。假如能在入题时用时事材料来紧扣话题，通过品评时事来追踪本质，你的作文的开头就也能带着几分新鲜，闪烁着几缕智性的光芒。

从以上的例子就可以看出，这些精巧的开头并非只是简单套用某种入题的技巧才显示出新意来，而是结合了几种或多种技巧，并且，从优秀考场作文的开头中，我们可以感受到的是这些考生驾驭语言的能力和良好的语文素养，这才是他们获高分的根本原因。

[散文写作精彩开头的技巧

不管做什么是，找对技巧很重要。下面语文迷网整理了英语六级的写作技巧，供大家阅读参考。

一、 长短句原则。

工作还得一张一弛呢，老让读者读长句，累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉?牢记!

强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、 主题句原则。

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事!

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 一 二 三原则。

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!

四、短语优先原则。

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。

其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如：I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。

比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形象词。

再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!

六、 多变句式原则。

1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：When to go, Why he goes away…

5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

七、挑战极限原则。

既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀!原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果你可以写出这样的句子，不得高分才怪!

The generation gap refers to the difference in attitude toward thing or the

lack of understanding between young people and older folks.

In families as well as in society, the young and the older may not agree

with each other on this and that from time to time. Young people would llke to

make as much money as they could and spend as much money as they could earn

while older folks are easily satisfied with what they earn and save as much as

possible. Young people llke the exciting and deafening pop music while older

folks prefer melodious folk-songs or classic music. A boy and a glrl today may

fall in love with each other as quick as lightning, while their parents or grand

parents might trudge over a long distance before they kissed each other and

became lovers when they were young.

However, we should not be amazed at the generation gap,for it is quite

natural in the development of society. The world is a changing world, in which

everything keeps changing, generations of human beings included. And changes

lead to progress.

Im the only child in my family, the apple of my parents eyes. my mother

and father take good care of my and give me a lot of support throughout my

life.

My father is the manager of a company and my mother is a teacher. they are

both well educated and do well in their jobs. they know that knowledge is power.

father often communicates with foreign friends and is good at english. i can

learn a lot from him, especially english. his oninion on education is as

advanced as that of my mothers. they often give me advice on my studies but

never interfere in them. they seldom force me to do what i dont like to. they

permit me to have different opinions. if something is good for me, they will

persuade me to do it as they want. many people of our age say that there is a

generation gap between their parents and them. however, it doesnt exist between

us.

My mother is a math teacher. she is very clever and good at teaching. she

can work out a problem within 10 minutes which would cost me 2 hours. i envy and

admire her. i want to be a math teacher like her.

Im lucky to have such enlightened parents. im lucky to have been brought

up in such a happy family.

Today is the National Day, but also our 30th anniversary of the founding of China. I am bored after a morning, in the afternoon, I went to my sisters house to play.

I am happy to the sister, but to her home I was disappointed, the original sister did not think what to play, we racked our brains, and finally thought of a game: grab the bench.

We found ten children to play, the rules of the game is this: Please the five children (including me and my sister) with the music around four bench circle. Music stop, we must immediately grab a bench to sit down. Who did not grab, who would be eliminated. The second round is four and three bench. The last round only two people and a bench, and who grabbed the last bench who would win. By aunt when the referee.

Big aunt first invited Wang Yue, Lai Yun, Yu Jing and my sister to play. The rest of the children on the side when the cheerleaders. I saw the two of them relatively standing, Yu Jing children did not show weakness, raised his head, Tingzhuo, not afraid of the way; look at Lai cloud students, half open eyes, hands into the trousers, are not See Yu Jing this skinny monkey. With the big aunt whistle, the game began.

When the music sounded, they turned around the bench. When they are spinning, we are seeing the gods. Music and suddenly stopped. Lai Yun seems to have no response over, standing on that look at my sister and grab the bench. But I do not know ye engage in, her eyes light up, found an empty bench. Lai Yun immediately ran to sit. Later, my sister was eliminated. The second round, three rounds of Lai and my two children were eliminated in turn.

The last round only two female students. As soon as the music sounded, they turned slowly around the bench. Their eyes staring at the only Zhang bench, and my heart is also very nervous. Our cheerleaders shouted: "Wang Yue Come on! Wang Yue will win! Wang Yue Come on!" Yu Jing did not hear the students to their own voice, it seems more tense. Tension is useless. Music stop, Wang first grabbed the bench more than half, Yu Jing grabbed only a small half.

Wangs victory, so that we are happy and jump again and again.

Through this game, our actions are more agile. I am so happy today

The first day for me to go to high school, I felt so excited, because I came into the new stage of my life. The school asked the students to live in the dormitory, so I had to move out and left my parents. This was such a big challenge for me, because I never left home before. I needed to learn to be independent, what’s more, I also learned to get along with others. High school was like a little society for me and I handed the problems well. The other challenge was from study. I had to learn so many subjects and fought for my future college. I met difficulties and felt frustrated, but I told myself not to give up and I got over the difficulties. High school life is not easy, but we grow up quickly.

我上高中的第一天，感到很兴奋，因为我来到了生命的新阶段。学校要求学生住宿舍，所以我搬离了家里，离开了父母。这对于我来说是一个很大的挑战，因为我从来没有离开过家里。我需要学着去独立，而且，也要学着去和别人相处。高中就像一个小社会，我把问题处理得很好。另一个挑战来自学习。我要学习很多的科目，为了将来的大学而奋斗。我遇到了困难，感到受挫，但是我告诉自己不要放弃，克服了困难。高中生活不容易，但是我们会快速长大。

[高中学习生活英语作文

My balcony had a basin of the unnamed flower.

See it for the first time, I was a teenager. Now I have grown up, think of it, still have a kind of inarticulate feeling in my heart. This kind of say a feeling, is the result of early that morning I see the unnamed flowers are just beginning to fade. Actually I also didnt say, this unnamed flower has a special magic, it in my house a few years ago, four seasons flower, beautiful, such as Yang, never fade in half petal. That morning, I was watching a petal stubborn and without hesitation to fall down, and with cold ceramic tile to a big hug. At that moment, I suddenly felt something will happen, but for a while say do not go up. When I was at school, because cant be late, will no longer think about it. Walk on my way to school, still want to wait until after school, the petals piece of stubborn picked up, reserved for memorial. Because on this day, I just turned eighteen.

18 for each childs desire for freedom is a wonderful Numbers. It represents the after so many years of efforts, they have loose the cage, want the visual sky, can try it in the cage of forging iron wings how hard. It represents himself may and was named the "social" one step closer to friends. It represents the perhaps yourself can give up something to get something, money, power, beauty, perhaps will come in succession for 18 years old. It represents the worlds major changes will occur. It represents a more, once those years was as corrupt and rotten wood, do not see it.

The day when I get to school rollerblading, are close to being late. The campus gate in front of my eyes. Nearly three years, the BanJiu half a new door still stubborn alive, maybe it is not meet in this town all the children will give up. But all the things do not change in this world? Those new faces and we these old face, every day ever to this every night no matter the storm or summer sorching blatant is unknown, "Damon said emotional words? I dont know.

On the way to class, see some friends, saw several teachers. There seems to be waiting for us the several teachers that a few students go to and they say hello. My parents are both teachers, because of family background, I am the first to say "hello", and they pretended to be surprised and looked at me, and said, "the student didnt come, how you can quickly be late, running forward, quick!" I naturally smiled and quickly ran to the class. Class stood at the door of my teacher, is a woman. Her eyes are very like zhou libo, and her eyes, eyes also can call it small, especially plus she fat short short stature, is a very has the characteristics of the woman. She stood at the door almost every day especially stresses the students for being late, and I was just in the range of her prey. So that morning I was caught. Due to the high tension line from the late for class, one of the high tension line other cluster, such as smoking and alcohol hand in your homework left early to early love is not what of, the deepest impression is the two late and puppy love. Occasionally, that day I was sent off in the hallway, there are a few classroom teacher passed, also what all dont say, hurried away. I have to empty the brain will occasionally think of petals in the morning. Standing to the class in the second quarter, as usual, the teacher in charge over lectured, could hear clear voice of the next class, had to memorize her lines of I, I remember she said so, "said how much time, you how still late! You are bully! Since political the teacher in charge teacher not you look at you, you have become what shit kind? Do you have any qualification to become like this? Dont feel good humiliate is here to see me? Dont think I dont know what youre thinking, yesterday evening class when I heard you say I should not leave their anger to you, I am? I was for hello! So some test points and face to all the students in this class! I tell you, yesterday evening class you have seen it, dont think she is a girl I wouldnt call her, short of breath eyes so I call her, do you think I cant play you!?" They might have been in my chest conveniently to fall, two fists, and then it was over.

The morning of the third class hour lesson, I sat in the last row, only hear political the teacher said: "your task now is to learn, not to fall in love! I ask you, you fall in love is a living now? Is to be able to earn money for the family? Can be a good life when buying a car to buy a house?" "You dont understand what is love, lets study hard." I a surprised, the in the mind was thinking, why dont you adults do you understand? We dont know, Im afraid you dont know. Now that dont know, what you are talking about love get married? "Love this thing namely sin, but love and marriage, marriage is need to be legal, obviously, you are not legal." I was thinking, oh, the original love is so simple. Then those who gave their life in order to know what is love man is a fool, love them knowing you cant have them in sight, why have in common? "Good, digression it said so much, we come to the new lesson." Political teacher (turn, I breathe a sigh of relief, opened the book. After a few minutes, as he spoke in the thick of the tables and a turn, suddenly said: "say so, college entrance exam is a lot of books, this needs us to read books, how to understand? Is rote learning." I suddenly feel head bumped into a wall, so we have to raise head to look at him. "I usually ask you more back endorsement multiple do just dont listen to, to see why the wrong topic study it more wrong line not line?" "The university entrance exam questions usually asked you, you have to follow the steps the teacher teach you careful careful answer, what did the teacher teach you answering technique is important to remember, and just now I said the words to write beautiful, where what to write, write what, to learn how to win the favor of the judge a teacher understand?" The whole class nodded, I felt a shock, feel whole body uncomfortable. "The classmates, so you must carefully analyse the topic of the university entrance exam, you learn knowledge is useful, is to use is local, and the university entrance exam is that you give full play to the knowledge of the battlefield!" Some of my heart be agitated, thought can you dont always say that the college entrance examination of college entrance examination, some knowledge, we would like to listen to the teacher. Next I fiercely another think, according to the political the teacher said, if one day the university entrance exam is not so important, that the knowledge we learn if there is no place? Ten minutes behind, political the teacher will fall in love with the college entrance examination in the successful into his lecture, although the knowledge to be a little less, and sentence words cannot leave the university entrance exam, but we still benefit a lot from his word, of course, is only related to the college entrance examination. Finally, when the fourth session of the class when the bell rings, he slowly, a word said to us: "the classmates, although still attended to this class, class is over. By the way, dont think my words, if the university entrance exam is not so important, what you will do, the teachers wont tube. The teacher is for the sake of your future dont failed to live up to the teachers expectations." Words fall, the whole class burst into warm applause, wait until after the teacher left, suddenly dead silence in the room.

The fourth lesson is math class. Math class style and political lesson perfectly, but there is a characteristic, is depressing. Dont know what is now the students psychological quality is bad or math teacher for personal reasons. Grade math teacher is a director and vice President. When he exalts hands in the corridor after training a bad student, he took his frightening face, standing on the podium with a proud look in the eyes and the tone of pride subdue the students below. We do in the following, dont make any noise. Teacher speak, we listen, we listen to the teacher speak. I do not know when, the door of the class rang, and there stood a classmate, seems to be something for vice President, the math teacher first turned a deaf ear to him, then the impatient stared his one eye, the eye we all know that mean dont his mama bother me in class. Can the students did not seem to understand, is still persistent stood there, still occasionally knocked on the door, the math teacher finally unbearable, he drink a cry: "what do you want to do!" Run down the platform, the other hand school taken away, 1 of "pa" button on the desk, pick up a pen to write a few words. "Take it! It day by day for you to sign, some headaches brain hot just want to ask off for a day, it is no wonder that losers." After the students simply bowed goes. The teacher finally back to the podium to lecture. "You cant learn them, you be the last class in the school, however, do you hear?" Words fall, there was a knock on the door again. "And who ah!" We see with frowning teacher towards the door, oh, turned out to be a sports teacher.

Our position is in the playground now.

On the day of the emergence of the PE teacher gave us a big surprise, although it is first surprise after sorrow, but can go out already very good. When sports teacher said to the test, the whole class at the same time issued a harsh voice, and the math teacher said: "what ao, ao sigh what spirit, to I go to the playground! See you a sickly, quick go to!" So the class suddenly disappeared. And when I leave, see clearly the expression of the math teacher is very reluctant.

If a big team, we three people standing on the playground, not far from other classes. Sports teacher divided us into two teams, men and women can have a look at the boy only three people, and three boys points us to other classes. The whistle went, girls first run. Dozens of girls twittering messy and straight to the end. Whistle sounded again, seeks for boys to hang long red cloth. Final results down, each of us is not qualified! Teachers complain about us, we blame the teacher, we say that physical education is seldom at ordinary times, two classes a week to the Lord had closed now. Spare time we are going to study, rest day we also want to learn, the teacher leave homework so much, write not over will be fined. Get up at half past six in the morning at ten o clock in the evening after school, we are really had a teacher. The teacher gave us a white said: "they used to have P.E. classes when you exercise?" One student raised his hand and said: "you what all dont teach us how we exercise? Several football, basketball, volleyball, lack of exercise equipment, there is no way to take exercise. Physical education classes dont every time you let us free to dissolve, then again, what I had meant to be run in P.E. class, but that help the girls eyes is clearly says you see where the man is a waste of time, it is better to go to study, go for a walk, dont worry about him, this let us how to exercise?" The teacher paused and said, "I also want to take on a physical education, but school on this piece of not value, can I?" We all sighed. See the teachers face suddenly a variable said: "have enough rest, rest enough will give me the test, the test failed the college entrance examination who give bonus points are you going?" We cry ground, so we returned to the track. Results this time, we ran a lesson.

Every day for the past few years, I gradually adapt to these things from morning to night. At noon on the day we put in learning, rather than junior high school, the only advantage is that high school lunch break a little longer, junior high school lunch break, a lesson high school lunch an hour and a half. Time has passed for half an hour when I return home, cook dinner in half an hour, the remaining half an hour for sleeping. Even when I am going to bed, suddenly thought of that piece of withered petals, I subconsciously looked at there, I saw it was dark in half. I would like to pick it up, but suffer from pressed for time, sleep matters. So I will just go to sleep, wait to come back in the evening. Results woke up I found - I was ill.

Hurry the sweat of my parents in my house, I am weak weak ground to say: "take me to the hospital." Dad sat by my side said to me: "dont go to hospital do? Now foreign early intravenous drop." I carried the weak eyes, said: "is that foreigners in good health." Dad against me and said, "your body is not good?" "I..." An awkward, my face turned away from them. Mother said: "straighten, perhaps for a while and went back home to have a." She paused, and sigh said: "just afternoon class what to do." I turned to a way: "I like, do you still think the class this afternoon." Dad said: "if you know what, you dont test go on to college live what eat what to drink what to wear in the future?" "Oh! Well, I dont want to hear it. Let me sleep for a while." I said in a weak. Dad said: "have you the so talk to parents? We are here to hello!" Mom said hurriedly pull dad walked.

That day at that moment I suddenly feel the world quiet a lot. Dont know how long, I more uncomfortable, so just call them, said: "I dont stay up, take me to the hospital." Father embarrassed said: "according to this situation is certainly want to go to hospital, but the hospital where have people we know." I dont speak with your eyes open. Mother for a long time later said, "the child his dad, isnt your sisters classmate work in a hospital? I heard that seems a what director, go and her son." Dress "ah well, lets go. In fact, an injection is bad, is all hormones." I impatient, weak weak ground to say: "run!" So we three went to the hospital at last.

Went there and found the director, pay the list, and hanging water ward, one more students like young men.

My mother bought me to eat, come back to open on see, fruit juice, potato chips, bread, everything in it. I wont unscrew juice, one hand my mother hands, turned the, just drink one mouthful, my dad said: "dont drink, is full of preservatives, hurriedly threw it." My mother and I smell speech have to forget about it. So I picked up the chips again, "dont eat! This what junk food, eat the poison you!" Dad said with a straight face. My mother and I smell speech have to forget about it. Then I picked up the bread, after opening with a few leaves, I just wanted to send into the mouth, dad said: "dont eat, who know that vegetables are true or false." "Dont listen to him, to eat!" My mother impatient, white a glance at my dad said: "suspicious of all day." My dad a listen to is not happy, immediately retorted: "who said you suspicious? Reported online didnt see?" Mom seems to dont want to let him, and said: "online reports are true? Want to you to say so, we can still eat? At home, just bought rice you suspect false, just bought sunflower oil you say false, now you say these things is false, you have finished?" "You!" / dad, its in the hospital, mother dont face dad? Forget it, go home to deal with you again.

The infusion bag or bottle a total of three hours, three times, there are three kinds of medicine, spent a lot of money, time and cost a lot. After we finished it was slightly late. On the way home, mom and dad constantly complain about the medical expenses are too expensive. Dad complained the if the money can be saved can buy a better razor, mom complain if the money can be saved can buy a new dress, she recently saw a coat on taobao is medical costs money. I walk behind them. Night breeze cool, gradually darken the sky no stars, only the moon still there looking at me. The dark night sky seemed to let me see not clear who is walking in front, also cant see passers-by, more cant see myself. The world suddenly become so dark after the sun goes down. Somehow, I suddenly thought of in the darkness that withered petals half dark. I close my eyes and wanted to think everything happened today, suddenly understand what. What is it? Today is my birthday.

To light in the distance to my dream, they turned around said to me: "children, mom and dads skill, only when a teacher, when you grow up must take an examination of a good university in the future, this is the only way to go. You only take an examination of a good university, can have a good job, as long as there is a good job to make a lot of money, come on baby, I believe you can, can adapt to the program, to adapt to the society." In the dark I nodded slightly, and then I can feel their satisfied smile. When they turned to go, I use willing nodded his head.

The night seems to go for a long time, the moon is full of smile quietly hung in the sky look at also busy people at night. Her face was full of stains and ravines, that are left traces of time. But people look up to her, or same feeling like the original her white and flawless. However, people have seen the moon the same?

We finally came home, I take off my shoes and straight to the balcony, the fallen petal have completely turned into a black, quietly rotting away. A shock in my heart, indeed as expected and I think the same. Beside the petals, I do think if we can pick up a little earlier it would be great, but I think again, soon? I really want to have no time. Even if is really picked up, reality will change? Maybe, maybe not. Mother saw me sitting on the ground in the sitting room, hurriedly loudly told me: "dont sit on the ground! Trousers dirty!" I heard stood up, patted the dust of your pants, how to also can not take off, I think, mother have to wash the clothes again tomorrow. I sighed, and looked at the basin of the unnamed flower, and want to in my heart, maybe tomorrow there will be a petal wither, perhaps, is the time. Maybe, too, the end of my life from now on, start from now on.

I looked at the unnamed flower, in my heart silently made a wish.

Happy birthday to my 18 years old.

[生日快乐高中英语作文

电子手表同机械手表相比较，既方便又经济，作为一种新型的计时工具，已越来越多地进入到人们的生活中。

最初的电子手表主要是由晶体管和钮扣电池组成的。由于结构简单，功能也不完善，一般只可显示简单的时间（精确度为一秒），外型也较笨重、粗陋。现在较简单的电子手表内部结构已有了变化，加入了二极管、简单的电子计算机记忆程序等，精确度提高到01秒。另外还可整点报时、放音乐、指示星期几、夜间亮灯照明等，对方便人们的生活起了不少作用。

随着科学技术的不断发展，电子手表也在不断进步。除了以上所谈到的较普通的功能外，近年来又出现了许多使用高科技成果的新产品。如19XX年日本制的第一只电视手表。它由一个带日历的电子手表和一个12英寸的黑白液晶显像屏组成。外型精巧，体积为487×398×9毫米３，重约50克，兼带耳机及调谐装置，既可作为手表显示时、分、秒、日历等，又可作为电视，收听伴音、短波，还可通过调谐器选择频道，调节音量及调节画面光亮度。还有一种电子脉搏表，重量不到30克，是由一个小型秒表连接一架微型计算机构成。把它戴在手腕上，就可精确地测出每分钟脉搏次数，并用数字显示出来。

这种表可以很好地协助运动员参加体育训练。另外有一种会说话的电子表，没有指针及数字，表盘上只显示一个机器人的脸。那么它是如何向人们报告时间的呢？原来在它的内部装有一个报时的机械装置，只要按动表上的按钮，就会有一个摹拟的女声报时。这种表对于盲人和视力差的人来说是一种极好的计时工具。另一种电子手表能对聋哑人进行帮助，在这种手表上装有一个微型话筒，用来接收3米内发出的声音，将声音输入表内的微型计算机，经过分析，声音信号便可传递给手表附件中一个发光二极管，使其产生视觉信号。聋哑人根据看到的不同符号，就可以判断出对方讲话的内容。

除此之外，各种新型的电子手表还可以测量体温、通讯联络及用作精密的野外观测等。我们相信，在科技飞跃发展的明天，电子手表将发挥巨大的潜力，更好地为人类服务。

在这篇文章中，作者通过将电子手表与机械手表的造型、工艺、使用方法作比较，准确地说明电子表越来越多地走入人们的生活中的原因。

总之，说明的方法很多，还可以列出许多种，如数字法、图表法、拟人法、顺序法等，不再一一列举。但不管是哪种方法都要注意到科学性、准确性，为说明、阐释事物服务。