中考英语写作精彩句子汇总汇编20篇

反映校园生活的作文，我们不仅可以写广大中学生丰富多彩的校园生活。也可以写浓厚的师生悄谊、紧张丰富的学生生活、平等互助团结友爱的同学友情。还可以写教育教学改革的新讯息。也就是说，从反映校园生活的作文中可以看出新时代中学生的特点。当代教师的形象，新型的师生关系，现代丰富多彩的课堂生活。那么，这些纷繁复杂的材料我们该如何选材呢?文学大师茅盾曾经说过：。园艺家常常把太多的落曹摘去，只留下二三个。这样就得到了特别大的花朵：这个比喻大致可以说明创作过程中剪裁的必要。我们围绕中心选择材料后，还要根据表达中心的需要确定哪些材料是主要的，要详写，哪些材料是次要的，要略写，以突出文章的中心。详写。可以用详细的叙述再现事悄的过程，给读者留下探刻的印象。突出中心事件;也可以通过细致的描写，刻画人物的形象，突出主要人物。略写是为了使文章脉络清晰，叙述清楚。详略要相辅相成，怡到好处。不能有详无略。或有略无详，使文章如涟水赚或策冗拖沓，影响了文章的表达。

写校园生活的文章多半是记叙文，相当多的是以记事为主的文章。那么，如何使自己的叙述有条理呢?最重要的一条就是安排好叙事的顺序。先叔述什么，后叙述什么。这样条理就会清楚了。如叙述一件事。无沦它是简单还是复杂，都要有起因、经过、结果这样一个完整的过程。在叙述一件事情时，必须先把这件事的来龙去脉弄清楚，然后按事情的起因、经过、结果的顺序来叙述。如果叙述几件事悄。就必须先理出这几件事情相互间的关系，这种联系成表现为性质上有同有异，或表现为时间上有先有后。要说清楚先后联系的几件事情，可以按照事情发生的先后顺序来写，即采用顺叙的方法;为了突出中心事件，也可以把叙事的高潮或结局放在文章的开头，整箱文章采用倒叙的方法;还可以在叙事的过程中适当地穿插其他有关内容。不管运用哪一种记叙的方法。都应当符合表现中心的需要。

学生和老师是学校的主人。在反映校园生活题材的作文中，有相当一部分是写人的记叙文。这些作文的主人公当然就是学生和老师。

[中考作文写作技巧：校园生活类

一、给写作留有充分的时间

在中考英语题中， “书面表达”往往是最后一项，有的学生把最后几分钟用在写作上，匆匆了事，这是很不明智的。学生用在写作上的时间应不少于10分钟，力争不丢分，少丢分。

二、认真审题，先打草稿

写之前一定要认真阅读写作要求，切忌见题就写。中考作文主要有两种类型： “提示作文”和 “看图作文”。 “提示作文”一般已经给出要点，而 “看图作文”则需根据图画及提示在很短的时间内将要点列出。把要点列出后，在草稿纸上写提纲，打草稿，就可以看出大概有多少字。在正式往试卷上写之前，根据题目要求适当增减内容，保持卷面整洁。

三、正确使用标点

学生在初中学习阶段，对标点符号的用法极不重视，因此，考试中明显的标点错误屡有发生，在一定程度上影响学生的成绩。另外，大小写错误也常有发生。有的甚至一篇文章从头到尾没有一个大写字母，再加上标点不正确，让人看了不知所云，以致直接影响考试成绩。

四、写好简单句，慎用长句

考生要根据所列要点，运用相应的提示词及正确的动词形式在稿纸上写出简单句。考生应熟悉简单句的五种基本句型，尽量使用简单句。在简单句的基础上，根据各句之间的关系适当加上一些连词，使得整篇文章结构紧凑，行文流畅。套用句型，能显示考生的英语基础扎实，提高作文档次。慎用长句是因为其成分多，结构复杂，所以出错的机会也多。考生在没有十足的把握时最好少用或不用长句，以免给自己的作文带来不必要的损失。

五、熟悉各种时态，灵活运用

时态是学习英语语言的难点。考生务必系统地学习初中出现的各种时态，做到灵活运用。在同一篇作文当中，时态要保持一致。

六、切忌中式英语，避免生搬硬套

一些学生因缺乏写作技巧，往往在写英语作文时，根据中文意思堆积英文单词，编造出许多中式英语，结果错误百出，意思表达不清楚，直接影响考试成绩。

七、认真检查和修改，减少错误

做完写作题后要从头至尾读一遍，检查一下文章是否通顺，有无逻辑错误，标点符号、单词拼写和时态运用是否正确，避免笔误。

导语：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，练习英语写作也是一样，三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的，必须得持之以恒的练习，才会有进步。下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less

laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

121. on the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。

122. students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性

123. whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

124. on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

125. due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

130. as for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. in the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.

首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132. although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133. in the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.

第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134. although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in peoples life, an increasingevidences show that it is less useful than many people think.

尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. from what has been discussed above, i firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. the maintenance of the traditionaltechnology and methods is futile.

通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. at the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.

当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。

137. nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

138. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

139. there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

140. it is universally acknowledged that trees are

indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

141. there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

142. an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

143. the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

144. so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

145. rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

146. the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你越努力，你越进步。

147. the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

148. to average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that english often means a good opportunity for ones career, is this really the case?

对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗?

149. by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。

150. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

151. on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

152. it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

153. those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

154. there is no one but longs to go to college.

人们都希望上大学。

155. since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

156. it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

157. summer is sultry. thats the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

158. the progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

159. we should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

160. taking exercise is closely related to health.

作运动与健康息息相关。

161. we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

162. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

163. smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

164. reading does good to our mind.

读书对心灵有益。

165. overwork does harm to health.

工作过度对健康有害。

166. pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

167. we should do our best to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

169. as is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.

众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.

现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

171. from what i have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on tv has great influence on youngsters behavior.

从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.

人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. my suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. to begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. people differ in their attitudes towards failure. faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. others, however, lose heart and give in.

人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. it is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. as a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. on the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. people in many countries are suffering from public hazards.

常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. lets take cars for example. they not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. the noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. it is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

179. there is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

导语：母亲是伟大的也是脆弱的。母亲的伟大在于总是用自己最大能力去呵护自己孩子，在天敌面前，母亲无法用自己最大能力去呵护自己的孩子，给孩子生的希望。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的中考写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.母爱就是一阵和煦的风，吹去朔雪纷飞，带来春光无限。

2.母爱是伟大的，也是无私的，它沉浸于万物之中，充盈于天地之间。

3.母爱不在于惊天动地的壮举，只深深地浸透在每一份思念，每一份叮咛，甚至是每一道目光中。

4.没有历史史诗的撼人心魄，没有风卷大海的惊波逆转，母爱就象一场春雨，一首清歌，润物无声，绵长悠远。

5.时光如水，年华易逝，似水流年淡去我们多少回忆，却始终不改我们对母亲的绵绵思念。

6.当代散文家余秋雨在一篇文章中写道：“一切远行者的出发点总是与妈妈告别……而他们的终点则是衰老……暮年的老者呼喊妈妈是不能不让人动容的，一声呼喊道尽了回归也道尽了漂泊”。

7.每个人都要长大，都要离开母亲的一天，我真的希望那一天永远不要来，但我知道，这根本不可能。到了那一天，也许我会和母亲距离很远，但我相信，我的心永远和母亲在一起。

8.母爱就是一生相伴的盈盈笑语，母爱就是漂泊天涯的缕缕思念，母爱就是儿女病榻前的关切焦灼，母爱就是儿女成长的殷殷期盼。

9.我的母亲十分的平凡，却是那么的伟大。她跟别人异样，整天在勤勤恳恳地工作着，照顾着我，是我处处都感到温暖和幸福。

10.母爱也是文学和音乐的永恒主题。文人以母爱为题，写出的文章便滋润蕴籍;乐师以母爱为题，弹奏的曲调便清柔幽美，余韵绵绵。

11.在这个世界上，爱是一种很奇妙的东西，她似乎无所不在，但她又不是金钱所能买到的，她是世上少有的珍奇，是人与人之间心灵上的交流，母爱~。而在无数的真爱中，母爱无疑是最伟大的。

12.母爱是深沉的，母爱是细腻的，母爱是无私、伟大的。我用心去体会，去感觉才能有资格接受这份爱，这份无价的爱。而今年的母亲节，我又想起一位哲人说的花：母亲，是一本读不完的书。是啊，母亲给予的爱，我一辈子也忘不了……

13.既然母爱不可思议，拥有者更是一个幸运儿了。像那个儿子一样，因为有了母爱，而幸福。不管再贫寒，你我也总是一个幸福的人。这篇见证母爱的文章，也让我想坠落一次，坠落在柔碎的泪眼中，坠落在母爱的天堂里。

14.母爱也是文学和音乐的永恒主题。文人以母爱为题，写出的文章便滋润蕴籍;乐师以母爱为题，弹奏的曲调便清柔幽美，余韵绵绵。

15.母爱是掌心里的海，宽容，包纳，令我一生取之不竭，受用不尽;母爱是一本我终生无法读完的巨着，母爱是一片我永远也飞不出的天空。在母亲的温暖中行走，不管我流浪的足音弹向何方，都永远也走不出母的爱。

16.母爱是伟大的，同时也是悲凉的，我们歌颂母爱，但往往是时过境迁之后。正当青春年少时的你我，并不能完全理解在母亲那细微的言谈举止之中，所蕴藏的深深柔情。直到有一天，我们也为人父母了，才逐渐地从自身经历体会到：妈妈，这一声永恒的叫唤，背后却掩藏着无数个日夜等待你回家的忧愁，无数次将手浸泡在洗衣粉中的受伤，无数次为你做饭吸入油烟的伤害，无数次为了让你吃得更好，为了让你上学而忘我奔波、劳累……

17.母爱就象一首田园诗，幽远纯净，和雅清淡;母爱就是一幅山水画，洗去铅华雕饰，留下清新自然;母爱就象一首深情的歌，婉转悠扬，轻吟浅唱;母爱就是一阵和煦的风，吹去朔雪纷飞，带来春光无限;母爱就是一生相伴的盈盈笑语，母爱就是漂泊天涯的缕缕思念，母爱就是儿女病榻前的关切焦灼，母爱就是儿女成长的殷殷期盼。

18.夏日炎炎，悠闲的漫步，伴随着美妙的阳光度过，轻柔而自在。不经意间，淡淡的空气中多了一丝甜甜的味道，风的造化。风的姿态多变，但更爱展现出慈母的温柔，像一位身着云一样飘逸的白色长裙的女子像一位身着云一样飘逸的白色长裙的女子，让舐动的裙摆轻轻抚裟你的脸庞，让你涅馨得好象要依偎在母亲的怀抱里甜甜地熟睡。母爱的感觉，这般美丽和谐。

19.母亲，有丰富的素养，说到这你一定会想，那您的母亲一定是很职业的女性吧?不!母亲，只是个普通的农村妇女，但是她给我的却是我用几辈子也消化不完的。我并不觉得农村人有什么可不好意思的，因为他们更勤劳更善良，我爱我的故乡，我爱我的母亲。

20.母爱是润物的细雨，母爱是醉人的春风。母爱之伟大，难以言表。但是，即便是芳香四溢的玫瑰也会带着棘手的的毒刺。巴尔扎克曾经说过：母爱是女人心中是简单、自然、丰硕、永不衰竭的东西，就像是生命的一大要素。的确，母爱是不需要任何付出就能得到的，所以我们便有些不知怜惜。

21.母爱是无私的，对于任何一种动物而言，当自己繁育自己的下一代后，他会本能的承担养育后代的责任，并且用自己最大能力范围类去呵护自己的孩子，并且，尽量让自己的后代生活在一个相对安全有利于幼崽生存舒适安全的环境当中。母亲会用自己最大能力和自己的性命去呵护自己孩子襁褓中的幼崽。这一点是母爱的最具光辉的事物。

22.母爱是天涯游子的最终归宿，是润泽儿女心灵的一眼清泉，它伴随儿女的一饮一啜，丝丝缕缕，绵绵不绝，于是，在儿女的笑声泪影中便融入了母爱的缠绵。

23.母亲是儿女远行时的句句叮咛;母爱是雨天里的花纸伞;母爱是慈母的手中线;母爱是游子的身上衣;母爱是对儿女成功的期盼;母爱是过早变白的双鬓。

24.让心灵变成万道霞光，穿越时空遂道，寻觅不经意间遗失的岁月;却无法重拾母亲给予我们的斑斑驳驳撒落一地而被你我忽略的珠串。那是爱的点滴，让你我，无法释怀，愧疚而失落。

25.母爱的力量是无穷的，她的爱能让孩子遭遇到一切坎坷化为乌有。我认为母爱的地位在每个人心里是不可取代的，因为母爱永远使我们心灵的港湾，是我们永远的依靠，她的爱比海洋还要深远，比钻石还要耀眼。

26.母爱就是一生相伴的盈盈笑语，母爱就是漂泊天涯的缕缕思念，母爱就是儿女病榻前的关切焦灼，母爱就是儿女成长的殷殷期盼。

27.母亲启迪和培育着我的良知，也永远的温暖着我的心。母爱是伟大的，母爱是无私的。成吉思汗曾满含深情地说过：“世上只有一个最好的女人，便是我的母亲。”其实，我的母亲也是如此。

28.赞美母亲的诗文已有太多太多，咏唱母亲的歌曲更是不可计数。而我眼中的母爱却是多姿多彩的。母爱时而像春天的天空，她的爱如同春雨一般滋润温柔;母亲时而像悠远的森林，她的爱如同冒险一样深不可测;母亲时而像险峻的高山，她的爱如同瀑布一般浩瀚澎湃;母亲时而像惊险的电影，她的爱如同画面一样千变万化。

29.母爱是一份香包，把祝福带给子女;母爱是一团炉火，让温暖填满心田;母爱是一段蜡烛，把美好无私奉献……每当我细品那至深至切的母爱时，我便会情不自禁的想起母亲，想起那张慈祥的面孔，想起那段生动曲折的幼时往事。

30.莺归燕去，春去秋来，容颜渐老，白发似雪。儿女在一天天长大，母亲却在一天天衰老。当儿女望见高堂之上的白发亲娘，他们都会投入母亲怀抱，热泪涟涟!

31.生活中，这种感觉太多太多。但都觉得像白开水一样平淡乏味，甚至比黄连更苦涩。原因是：母爱与你的距离太近，以至于无法体会到。早晨，送上一个煎鸡蛋，是否知道里面酝酿着母子情的香浓?中午，打上一壶清凉的井水，是否知道里面酝酿着母子情的甘甜?说到这里，一个字：情。正因为那为母亲的爱子之情，所以才惊慌得呆若木鸡;正因为她的爱子之情，所以才在儿子坠落的那一瞬间，爆发出无可想象的力量;正因为她的爱子之情，上帝才让她们母子俩安然无恙。情，母爱爆发力的导火索。例子还有很多很多，但都是因为有了它的存在。

32.母爱不能称之为伟大，因为母爱是每个人都拥有的一种亲情，必不可少。这种当我们每个人来到世上时就拥有的亲情是平淡无奇的，所以不能称之于伟大。

33.我有一个好妈妈。她整天忙里忙外，每件家务都要她来做。清早，妈妈早早的起床，给我准备早餐;还要去开店，中午妈妈从店里赶来，给我做午饭、洗碗;晚上，妈妈还要给我洗澡、做晚饭……一年365天，你为我，为这个家,付出了多少汗水和心血啊!天冷了，妈妈亲手给我做棉衣，真是“慈母手中线，游子身上衣”

34.在失落与迷茫中徘徊，苦苦寻觅无视的母爱。殊不知，十年春秋，母爱的大门，依然继续地敞开着……见证母爱，更是母爱的见证!

35.母亲是伟大的也是脆弱的。母亲的伟大在于总是用自己最大能力去呵护自己孩子，在天敌面前，母亲无法用自己最大能力去呵护自己的孩子，给孩子生的希望。这是一切生命的本能。即使是在弱小的动物也会有自己的母性，这是一切生命的本能。呵护弱者是一切母亲的本能。在呵护中体现母爱。呵护中体现生命的脆弱与求生的不易，因为生命是脆弱的，因为是母亲带他来到这个世界上，他要给孩子们提供安全的生存环境。无论在困难都不能让幼小的孩子受苦。更不愿意让脆弱的生命夭折在天敌的口中，这就是动物母亲爱伟大，爱是让弱者活下去的责任和义务，有了爱，才会有生的可能。

36.妈妈,多么亲切的称呼,被奉上这个称呼的人是多么的伟大!然而,又有谁曾经真心诚意地喊一声”妈妈”呢?谁试过每天见到母亲都对她说一句“我爱你,妈妈!”呢?哪怕是多么肉麻,只要是她疼爱的儿女对她说的,她都会高兴.

37.母亲是温暖的阳光，我是阳光下的小树苗;母亲是宽广的大海，我是大海里的一条小鱼;母爱是美丽的花园，我是花园里的一只小蝴蝶;母爱是蔚蓝的天空，我是蓝天下的一只小鸟。

38.世上只有妈妈好，这是揭露了一切生物母亲最本的本能，母亲孕育生命和养育生命，但母亲却又无法呵护自己的孩子。这就是自然规律，自然永远给我们最真诚的感动!这一切的一切都源自我对动物世界种一切低等生命生存状态的感悟，自然是人性的老师，懂得生命的脆弱的人才会去呵护自然界的一切生命。

39.想起了母亲，志向消沉就会化为意气风发;想起了母亲，虚度年华就会化为豪情万丈;想起了母亲，羁旅漂泊的游子就会萌发起回家的心愿;想起了母亲，彷徨无依的心灵就找到了栖息的家园。

40.母亲，我该用什么样的语言才能表达你对我的爱，该用什么样的情感，才能表达我对你的感激之情，我该怎样才能来回报你?苍龙日暮还行雨，老树春深更护花。母爱如海，母爱如山!母爱是无私的，是伟大的!因为它是人类最纯真，最挚朴的情感，是一份只求付出，不求回报的爱。让我们一起来好好珍惜这份最平常而又最神圣的母爱，让我们一起来感谢我们伟大的母亲吧!

一、假如你叫李华，5月11日母亲节那天 你为母亲做了很多有意义的事情。请你根据表格中所给信息，用英语写一篇日记。

上午 你用零花钱给母亲买了些鲜花，放在花瓶内

下午 你去市场买菜，为全家人做了一顿简单可口的饭菜

完饭后 你送给母亲自己制作的贺卡，并祝她节日快乐；告诉母亲要多注意自己的健康，不要过度劳累；你还保证今后会帮助她做一些家务劳动；母亲感动得留下了眼泪

注意：

1. 词数80—100 个左右

2. 日记的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

3. 日记必须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐句翻译，可以假如适当细节和适当发挥，使其通顺、连贯。

参考词汇：pocket money 零花钱vase 花瓶overwork 过度劳累be moved to tears 感动得流泪

11th May Sunday

Today is Mother’s Day. I love mother so much that I’ve done many things for her.

In the morning, I bought …

….

Today is a special day, warm and meaningful.

导语：1974年阿里在击败乔治-弗里曼后重新夺回了拳王头衔，他之后又多次成功卫冕了这一称号，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

在穆罕默德-阿里成为世界名人之前，他的名字叫做卡西尤斯-马塞拉斯-克雷。这个友好而又脾气有些急躁的18岁男孩参加了1960年罗马奥运会轻重量级的比赛，四场比赛他都轻松获胜，在决赛中他打败的是三届欧锦赛冠军皮耶特兹科维斯基。

克雷之后转为了职业选手，1964年，他击败里斯顿赢得了世锦赛的重量级冠军，在之后的四年中，阿里在9次卫冕战中获胜，捍卫了自己的荣誉。

之后克雷皈依了伊斯兰教，并且把名字改为穆罕默德-阿里。阿里拒绝加入美军参加越战，因此他被剥夺了冠军的头衔并离开赛场3年之久。

1974年阿里在击败乔治-弗里曼后重新夺回了拳王头衔，他之后又多次成功卫冕了这一称号，直到输给莱昂-斯平克斯，不过阿里又在这场失利后7个月击败了斯平克斯。1981年阿里退役，职业生涯的战绩为56胜5负。

1996年，阿里被选中，点燃了亚特兰大奥运会的圣火。此后阿里把生活的重心放在了慈善事业上，在1998年，阿里成为了联合国的和平大使。

1.There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2.There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

英语写作是中考学生的一个盲点，缺乏对英语写作的专门训练和反思，老师的工作量大，造成作文讲评大多数时候只谈现象，因此学生学得也不具体、不深入，忽略写作技能的提高，甚至误认为只要句子结构正确，无单词拼写错误就应该得满分。同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文，而在中考中获取高分呢?下面是YJBYS网作文频道为大家整理的英语写作指导。

一、写作决窍

总体把握，要点齐全;人称时态，逻辑清楚;

关键词汇，动词第一;组词成句，结构完整;

组句成文，连词增色;此路不通，绕道迂回;

字迹工整，留好印象;从句适量，高分有望。

二、写作步骤

1.认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息，告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。

2.确定文体和时态。确定文体后，根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。

3.写完要点，但不随意发挥。

4.先草稿，后抄写。

三、习作点评

[2004年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛初三组] (14分)

Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.

·What exactly your hobby is;

·When and how you became interested in this hobby;

·Why you enjoy your hobby;

·About your hopes and plans for the future.

写作要求：

1.根据所提供的内容，适当拓展想象空间，灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺，书写清晰、规范。

3.词数60-80.

[高分突破]

①文体：记叙文。

②要点：what → when →how → why → hope and plan for the future.

③时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时的自然变化。

内容具有开放性，但它也是“控制性”的写作试题，因此不能随意发挥，要善于抓信息，写完要点。选用这两篇学生真实习作，一是因为他们选材相同，二是因为他们都是英语成绩优秀的同学。同学B灵活使用连词so…that，so，little by little，when，so that等，恰到好处地使用新句型和短语used to，became interested in，come true……等，使内容丰富，读起来优美流畅。其实这些表达同学A也会，只是缺乏技术加工。通过这两篇作文点评，同学们便能悟出其中的奥妙。

四、培养途径

1.根据老师布置的写作内容，独立完成一篇写作。

2.与同伴合作，交流自己的写作，通过交流找出各自作文中写得好的地方和优美的句子，合作创造一篇新的文章，供大家欣赏。

3.找老师点评，请求老师指点，尤其是怎样润色。

4.自己纠错，写下反思。

五、备考演练

A

缙云山是重庆著名的游览胜地，每天有大量的游客。请你根据下面提供的信息写一篇报道，说明现在的游客在环境保护方面的变化。

写作要求：

1.词数在100左右。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺。

3.开头已写好，但不计入总词数。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest …

B

阅读电视广告词：“If we don’t save water，the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示，写一篇60-80词的短文。

提示：

1.生活离不开水。

2.可饮用水在减少。

3.水污染严重。

4.应保护水源，再利用水。

思路点拨与参考答案

A. [思路点拨]：

①文体：记叙文。

②时态：一般过去时态，一般现在时态。采用正反对比的写作手法，增加感染力。

③写作目的：告诉读者保护环境的重要性。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest.Every day a lot of tourists come here to enjoy its beauty. But a few years ago，some of them paid no attention to protecting the environment.They threw their rubbish，such as plastic bags，fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke trees，picked flowers and killed birds. Some even made fires in the woods to cook food.How dangerous it was.Luckily，great changes have taken place here.Tourists are used to putting their rubbish into dustbins，and they are doing their best to protect the birds and plants as well.They bring their own meals instead of cooking to prevent starting a forest fire in the mountains.All these changes make us very happy.

B. [思路点拨]：

①夹叙夹议(说明现状，谈谈感想)。

②时态：一般现在时态。

③广告词的含义——水很重要，应保护和再利用(写作意图)。

Water is very important to humans.We can’t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don’t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don’t do this，the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.

古来有“在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。”的名句，下面语文迷网为大家整理了更多关于爱情的名句，供大家阅读参考。

1 柳永 凤栖梧 衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。

2 佚名 诗经·邶风·击鼓 死生契阔，与子成说。执子之手，与子偕老。

3 秦观 鹊桥仙 两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。

4 李白 三五七言 相思相见知何日?此时此夜难为情。

5 佚名 凤求凰·琴歌 有美人兮，见之不忘，一日不见兮，思之如狂。

6 郑愁予 赋别 这次我离开你，是风，是雨，是夜晚;你笑了笑，我摆一摆手，一条寂寞的路便展向两头了。

7 李白 三五七言 入我相思门，知我相思苦，长相思兮长相忆，短相思兮无穷极。

8 元稹 离思五首其四 曾经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云。

9 曹植 明月上高楼 君若扬路尘，妾若浊水泥，浮沈各异势，会合何时谐?

10 纳兰性德 虞美人 凄凉别後两应同，最是不胜清怨月明中。

11 张籍 节妇吟 还君明珠双泪垂，恨不相逢未嫁时。

12 席慕蓉 一棵开花的树 如何让你遇见我，在我最美丽的时刻为这，我已在佛前求了五百年，求他让我们结一段尘缘。

13 陈衡恪 题春绮遗像 嗟余只影系人间，如何同生不同死?

14 梁启超 台湾竹枝词 相思树底说相思，思郎恨郎郎不知。

15 徐干 室思 自君之出矣，明镜暗不治。思君如流水，何有穷已时。

16 司马光 西江月 相见争如不见，有情何似无情。

17 龚自珍 己亥杂诗 落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。

18 张先 千秋岁 天不老，情难绝。心似双丝网，中有千千结。

19 黄景仁 绮怀诗二首其一 似此星辰非昨夜，为谁风露立中宵。

20 李商隐 无题六首其三 直道相思了无益，未妨惆怅是清狂。

21 李商隐 暮秋独游曲江 深知身在情长在，怅望江头江水声。

22 纳兰性德 摊破浣溪沙 人到情多情转薄，而今真个不多情。

23 李商隐 锦瑟 此情可待成追忆，只是当时已惘然。

24 张仲素 燕子楼 相思一夜情多少?地角天涯不是长。

25 元好问 摸鱼儿二首其一 问世间，情是何物，直教生死相许。

26 李商隐 无题 身无彩凤双飞翼，心有灵犀一点通。

27 张可久 塞鸿秋 兽炉沈水烟，翠沼残花片，一行行写入相思传。

28 徐再思 折桂令 平生不会相思，才会相思，便害相思。

29 李冠 蝶恋花 一寸相思千万绪，人间没箇安排处。

30 苏轼 江城子 十年生死两茫茫，不思量，自难忘，千里孤坟，无处话凄凉。

31 佚名 诗经·唐风·绸缪 今夕何夕，见此良人。

32 白居易 长恨歌 天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期。

33 白居易 长恨歌 在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。

34 文廷式 蝶恋花 重叠泪痕缄锦字，人生只有情难死。

35 曹雪芹 枉凝眉 一个是阆苑仙葩，一个是美玉无瑕。若说没奇缘，今生偏又遇著他;若说有奇缘，如何心事终虚话?

36 李商隐 无题 春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始乾。

37 况周颐 减字浣溪沙 他生莫作有情痴，人间无地著相思。

38 欧阳修 玉楼春 尊前拟把归期说，未语春容先惨咽。

39 佚名 诗经·周南·关雎 关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈宨淑女，君子好逑。

40 欧阳修 玉楼春 人生自是有情痴，此恨不关风与月。

41 柳永 雨霖铃 此去经年，应是良辰好景虚设。便纵有，千种风情，更与何人说。

42 李之仪 卜算子 只愿君心似我心，定不负相思意。

43 晏几道 临江仙二首其二 落花人独立，微雨燕双飞。

44 陈陶 陇西行 可怜无定河边骨，犹是春闺梦裏人。

45 辛弃疾 摸鱼儿 千金纵买相如赋，脉脉此情谁诉。

46 温庭筠 更漏子三首其三 梧桐树，三更雨，不道离情正苦。一叶叶，一声声，空阶滴到明。

47 苏武 结发为夫妻 结发为夫妻，恩爱两不疑。

48 聂胜琼 鹧鸪天 寻好梦，梦难成。况谁知我此时情。枕前泪共帘前雨，隔箇窗儿滴到明.

49 柳永 昼夜乐 一场寂寞凭谁诉。算前言，总轻负。

50 李白 长相思二首其一 天长路远魂飞苦，梦魂不到关山难，长相思，摧心肝。

51 席慕蓉 印记 不要因为也许会改变，就不肯说那句美丽的誓言，不要因为也许会分离，就不敢求一次倾心的相遇。

52 范成大 车遥遥篇 愿我如星君如月，夜夜流光相皎洁。

53 戴叔伦 相思曲 鱼沈雁杳天涯路，始信人间别离苦。

54 柳永 雨霖铃 执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。

55 元稹 遣悲怀三首其二 诚知此恨人人有，贫贱夫妻百事哀。

56 顾敻 诉衷情 换我心，为你心，始知相忆深。

57 鱼玄机 江陵愁望有寄 忆君心似西江水，日夜东流无歇时。

58 李商隐 无题六首其六 春心莫共花争发，一寸相思一寸灰。

59 乐婉 卜算子 相思似海深，旧事如天远。

60 白居易 浪淘沙 相恨不如潮有信，相思始觉海非深。

61 温庭筠 杨柳枝 玲珑骰子安红豆，入骨相思知不知?

62 邵瑞彭 蝶恋花 忍把千金酬一笑?毕竟相思，不似相逢好。

63 晏殊 玉楼春 天涯地角有穷时，只有相思无尽处。

64 曹雪芹 终身误 都道是金玉良缘，俺只念木石前盟。空对著，山中高士晶莹雪;终不忘，世外仙姝寂寞林。

65 周邦彦 玉楼春 人如风後入江云，情似雨馀黏地絮。

66 曹雪芹 红豆词 滴不尽相思血泪抛红豆，开不完春柳春花满画楼。

67 欧阳修 蝶恋花二首其一 泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去。

68 冯小青 怨 瘦影自怜秋水照，卿须怜我我怜卿。

69 朱彝尊 高阳台 锺情怕到相思路。盼长堤，草尽红心。动愁吟，碧落黄泉，两处难寻。

70 贺铸 横塘路 若问闲情都几许?一川烟草，满城风絮，梅子黄时雨。

71 张泌 寄人 多情只有春庭月，犹为离人照落花。

72 刘禹锡 竹枝词四首其二 花红易衰似郎意，水流无限似侬愁。

73 晏殊 山亭柳·赠歌者 若有知音见采，不辞遍唱阳春。

74 范仲淹 苏幕遮 明月楼高休独倚，酒入愁肠，化作相思泪。

75 陈叔达 自君之出矣 思君如明烛，煎心且衔泪。

76 苏武 结发为夫妻 生当复来归，死当长相思。

77 陈蓬姐 寄外二首其二 休言半纸无多重，万斛离愁尽耐担。

78 朱彝尊 鸳鸯湖棹歌 妾似胥山长在眼，郎如石佛本无心。

79 韦庄 女冠子二首其一 不知魂已断，空有梦相随。除却天边月，没人知。

80 佚名 涉江采芙蓉 同心而离居，忧伤以终老。

81 秦观 八六子 夜月一帘幽梦，春风十里柔情。

82 晏几道 鹧鸪天三首其一 从别後，忆相逢，几回魂梦与君同。

83 柳永 雨霖铃 多情自古伤离别。更那堪，冷落清秋节。

84 晏殊 玉楼春 无情不似多情苦，一寸还成千万缕。

85 元稹 遣悲怀三首其三 唯将终夜长开眼，报答平生未展眉。

86 韦庄 应天长 别来半岁音书绝，一寸离肠千万结。

87 卢仝 有所思 相思一夜梅花发，忽到窗前疑是君。

88 卢仝 楼上女儿曲 直缘感君恩爱一回顾，使我双泪长珊珊。

89 晏几道 鹧鸪天三首其二 相思本是无凭语，莫向花牋费泪行。

90 欧阳修 踏莎行 离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水。

91 辛弃疾 鹧鸪天 若教眼底无离恨，不信人间有白头.

92 曹雪芹 红楼梦引子 开辟鸿蒙，谁为情种?都只为风月情浓。

93 晏殊 鹊踏枝 明月不谙离恨苦，斜光到晓穿朱户。

94 白居易 长恨歌 临别殷勤重寄词，词中有誓两心知。

95 陈端生 寄外 泪纵能乾终有迹，语多难寄反无词。

96 苏曼殊 本事诗 还卿一钵无情泪，恨不相逢未剃时。

97 温庭筠 南歌子四首其二 终日两相思，为君憔悴尽，百花时。

98 晏殊 鹊踏枝 欲寄彩笺兼尺素，山长水阔知何处。

99 李煜 清平乐 离恨却如春草，更行更远还生。

100 晏殊 清平乐二首其二 鸿雁在云鱼在水，惆怅此情难寄。

导语：能够成功的人，必然是善于发现并且抓住任何有利时间的人，即使是"洗手间"时间也不放过。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关中考素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1969年，他进入了世界知名的ibm公司，在纽约总部的研究院工作，那年他刚好26岁。

刚进入ibm的时候，虽然他有着美国普林斯顿大学计算机博士的学位，但是在人才济济的ibm，他也只是个最普通的研究员。在他之前，整个研究院里只有一名华裔高管，而且是做了15年才勉强做到了二级经理人。当时就有很多人告诉他，华人在ibm研究院里最多只能做到二级经理人，根本不可能进入核心领导层，然而他还是义无反顾地留在了ibm。

生性桀骜的他，深深知道，在ibm这样美国味很足的公司里，作为一个中国人首先要做的就是要融入他们。他一开始便决定每天都和那些美国员工一起吃午饭，了解他们的生活方式和习惯。由于自己的英语发音不是很地道，他更是下班之余苦练口语。慢慢地，那些美国人都开始把他当成"美国人"了。

由于他在电脑方面的独特天赋，1971年，不到30岁的他被派到硅谷创立西部电脑研究部门，组建了一个几乎全由名校博士组成的60余人团队。他们将edgar codd的理论和自己对软件要适应人和企业需要的思维结合起来，经过5年不断地研发，成功地发明了电脑关系数据库系统结构查询语言sql和必需的相关运行系统。其中他带队的一个重要的项目导致sql(关系型数据库)的发明，这个发明对后来全球计算机软件应用影响深远，可是当时ibm部门拒绝他将sql产品化的建议，而且研究院的领导也不赞同这个方案。

他于是让科研人员把发明写成论文公布于世，希望可以引起ibm的重视。

另外，为了让ibm的老板能够了解到这一情况，同时又不能让研究院的领导知道，他开始思考如何寻求老板的帮助。有一次，他上班去洗手间的时候，刚好碰见一位贵人，那就是ibm的老板卡里。由于初次在公司遇见大人物，他显得很紧张，除了一句简单的礼貌性问候外，似乎不知道该说什么了。回去之后，他开始观察卡里的时间安排。经过一个月的观察，他发现卡里每天下午3点左右的时候会错开员工下午茶时间去趟洗手间。他觉得他应该抓住这样的机会和老板沟通一下。

第二天，第三天，在那个时间他装作无意中去洗手间，无意中碰见了老板卡里。此时的他已经没有之前的紧张了，而是主动向老板自我介绍，并且将他预见到关系数据库的美好前景和卡里分享。经过几次洗手间的谈话后，老板开始注意到这个小伙子不一般。通过董事会及高层的分析，他们决定破例同意了sql产品化的建议。

1981年，ibm觉得时机成熟，推出自己的sql产品时，曾轰动一时。随后他开始主管通讯软件业务，他在大多数人还没有意识到软件重要性的时候，预见到软件的光辉未来。并推动改变ibm过去将软件作为硬件附带赠送品的商业模式，开创了销售ibm通讯软件的先河，不但为ibm创下很可观的营业收入，也间接加速了软件作为一个产业的发展。

同年底，他仅仅用了不到3年的时间成为了ibm最高管理委员会秘书长和ibm组织部部长，亲身体验到ibm最高层主管的管理方式及公司发展策略，并协助董事长卡里为ibm制定了未来10年的组织和战略蓝图。其管理、领导和把握未来的能力也得到进一步的提升。

他就是刘英武。ibm有史以来最高华人高管，是华人在美的最杰出高科技代表人物之一。

他的"洗手间"事件也一直被it业的精英们津津乐道。可以说，因为老板的支持，才让他的sql产品化的建议得以采纳。要不然到现在他可能还只是个普通的研究员。能够成功的人，必然是善于发现并且抓住任何有利时间的人，即使是"洗手间"时间也不放过。

一、认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式

时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。

说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。

根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。

如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。

如ago，last…——过去时

next，in…——将来时等

人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。

例如：Thanks to the teachers， we have improved our English。

其中we和our就是人称的统一。

格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。

二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点

切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。

根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。

特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。

三、成文时表述正确，文字流畅

切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。

首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾，主系表等)。

同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。

四、文章结构清晰，重点句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次

考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。

常用连接词：

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second…

And then，Finally，In the end，At last

2.表并列补充关系的：What ismore，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，Inaddition

3.表转折对比关系的：However，On the contrary，but

Although+clause( 从句)，In spite of+n/doing

On the one hand…

On the other hand…

Some…，while others…

4.表因果关系的：Because，As

So，Thus，Therefore，As a result

5.表换一种方式表达：In other words

6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子;For instance，句子;such as+n/doing

7.表陈述事实：In fact

8.表达自己观点：As far as I know，In my opinion

9.表总结：In short，In a word，In conclusion，In summary

文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。

宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautifulandprosperous。

状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment， ourhometown will become clean and beautiful。

动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes。

It’s bad for our eyes to read books in the sun。

常用状语从句句型：

1)时间when，not…until，as soon as

2)目的so that+clause;to do( 为了)

3)结果so…that+clause，too…to do(太……以至于……)

4)条件if，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)

5)让步though，although，even though，even if

no matter what/when/where/who/which/how

6)比较as…as…，not so…as…，than

五、认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。

检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。

下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：

1.We live more and more comfortable。

改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)

2.we can get many informations by reading newspapers。

改正：much information

(不可数名词由much修饰)

3.There has many programs in TV。

改正：There are many programs on TV。

(There be句型和介词短语)

4.I think ride a bike can keep our health。

改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy。(动名词作主语)

建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章，特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法，适当运用于自己的文章中。

导语：健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

健康的身体是我们成就一切事物的根本，没有健康，什么都无从谈起。

【预测话题】健康

【预测题目】

健康的生活习惯对于成长中的我们是非常重要的。你认为健康的生活习惯应当是怎样的呢?请根据下面的信息提示,写一篇短文,首句已给出。

信息提示：健康饮食;早睡早起,不熬夜;参加运动,强身健体。

要求：根据信息提示,把握要点,适当发挥,不逐字翻译。字数在80词左右。

I think healthy habits are very important for us.

【参考范文】

I think healthy habits are very important for us.

All of us want to be healthy. First, we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health.Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once.

If we can do all above, we can live a healthy life.

【参考译文】

我认为健康的习惯对我们很重要。

我们都想健康。首先，我们应该在晚上得到充足的睡眠。我们可以早睡早起。熬夜对我们的健康有害。第二，我们必须吃正确的食物。我们应该多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃肉。我们应该喝大量的水。我们应该有健康的饮食习惯。第三，我们应该做更多的锻炼，以建立我们的身体，最后，我们应该洗手饭前和刷牙，每天两次。如果我们感觉不舒服，我们应该马上去看医生。

如果我们能做到以上所有，我们就能过上健康的生活。

近年来，中小学生健康问题日益引起人们的关注。请你用英语就该问题谈谈你的看法。

要求：(1)内容包括①列举中小学生面临的健康问题。

② 请谈谈怎样才能保持健康。

(2)字数：60---80词。

(3)短文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。

范文：Every one wants to keep healthy today, especailly our students. But we dont pay attention to our health. Some of them go to school without breakfast in the morning. Some students and pupils play computer games or watch TV all day, espacially at the weekends. Many boys think it is cool to drink or smoke.

It is important for us to have good habbits. We should eat breakfast every morning. We can watch TV or play games for a short time, then have a rest. We also can take part in some clubs. I think it is necessary for us to keep healthy.

中考即“初中毕业和高中阶段招生考试”，是选拔考试，但又是建立在义务教育基础上的选拔，中考快到了，小编收集了中考满分作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读，

一、物人合一

全篇以写物为主，而要表现的是人，表现人的性格、气质、思想与精神。

如高考满分作文《陶公祠的菊花》：

江水是菊黄色的，那江水里流动着的莫不真是晋朝的菊花?

已经不是菊花季节，陶公祠院中那两厢曾经盛开的菊花都已败萎了，只偶尔还露出残的黄色。祠在江边，就在这段被称为菊江的长江边。这地方真个与菊有缘，有“菊江”、“菊邑”，还有个“黄菊乡”。我依然走在菊的意韵之中，初冬那菊黄色的阳光和身边那座被菊黄色历史装帧的古建筑，以及存在于胸臆之中的菊花般的品格，和风中飘荡的大朵大朵菊花般的幻想，都让我陶然如醉。

陶渊明，曾在这里种菊，种出了一大片他认为应该存传后世的文人们的自珍和清高之气。我知道他其实很想做官，少时就有猛志：“少时壮且厉，抚剑独行游。谁言行游近，张掖到幽州。”而且，他也做官，只是受不了官场那种腐气，那般骄奢淫逸。他的腰椎骨似乎很硬，不愿为五斗米而弯。他就把大印挂在彭泽县的大堂上，然后走出来，走到风和阳光之中，走到那片贫寒却诚实的土地之上。他耕种的姿势或许可笑，腰弓着，整个上身几乎与土地平行。人们并不知道，他是一边耕种，一边在泥土中寻他的诗句。

陶公祠中有一尊陶公像，高丈余，乌石所镌，给人一股子凛凛不可侵犯的傲然。真正的陶渊明当然不会是这个样子，他后来穷得没饭吃，没酒喝，甚至乞讨过，那样子一准佝偻，哪能有如此威风?但我却懂得塑者的匠心：他并不只是雕塑东晋的那个人，而是塑他冷傲的气质。仰望陶公塑像，几分崇敬，几缕亲近。他似乎有话要说，却欲说还休。1600年了，他要说的话，都变成大朵大朵的菊花了吧!

在史书上，他所在的那个时代，官场腐败，社会奢靡，石崇、王恺斗富，让侈浊之风登峰造极。陶公就只好种些菊花，很想让菊花的清气影响一下他厌恶之极的世风，然而菊花太小，那一星半点清菊之气又怎能荡涤一个奢腐王朝的浊臭呢?出乎陶公意料的是那菊花的清气后来却影响了中国的文学史!

苏东坡曰：“渊明诗初视若散缓，熟视有奇趣。如曰： 暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树巅。 又曰： 采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。 大率才高意远，则所寓得奇妙，遂能如此。如大匠运斤，无斧凿痕。”东坡大抵是闻过陶渊明的菊花味，不仅闻过，而且深深地闻过，他在《水龙吟》中言道：“须信此翁未死，到如今凛然生气，吾侪心事，古今常在。”陶公或真未死，若真未死，当在菊花之间，以一种清傲之气面对滔滔菊江和无期无尽的岁月。

祠不大，却修葺得很好，在江边一块高地上。祠后有塔，曰“秀峰塔”，另有一塔在不远处，叫“天然塔”，被称为“江流双塔”。祠与塔构成了一种沉重而冷肃的气氛，在江边，在永远盛开的菊花之中。

陶公安在?问菊，菊却隐去了笑容，独向寒风。

写这类文章，写物，不仅要写形，更重要的是写神，写气韵，让物与人浑然相融。

如上文，习作者写陶公祠、陶公像，主要写菊花，写菊的清雅，菊的绝俗，菊的清姿，写菊的故事，写菊的作用与影响，从而以此诠释陶渊明，以此来照亮陶渊明的灵魂。

二、跨时空对话

跨时空对话，往往选定一个古代文化名人，习作者与之进行面对面的对话。最终通过对话，揭示中心与主题。

如2003年高考满分作文《李白的泪水》：

远远的，我看见一身素衣的青莲居士。

漫步于河畔，我注视他怅望江天的姿势。“恰似飞燕倚新妆”，一句流传千古的诗句和杨玉环的一句嗔语，把一个极度辉煌的人生滑落到社会的底层。

“香车宝马”，“誓取楼兰”，“杀敌报国”，他苦笑，泪水在无声中滑落。低头轻抚生锈的宝剑，奔腾的壮志又如未灭的火把熊熊燃烧起来。呵!自己有多么无知，四次出蜀，挥金巨万，万里山河，游履迨遍。本以为金殿之上让高力士脱靴，杨玉环磨墨，已注定了自己的一生在富贵荣华之中。可是，“太白星精”又怎样?满腹锦绣又怎样?抵得了杨贵妃又一句对李隆基的悄悄话吗?好恨!好恨!

我的心里忽然有一根弦被这愁苦折磨的一代诗仙拨动了。

我走上前去。他愕然注视着我。

“诗仙，您的那句 可怜飞燕倚新妆 ，究竟有无亵渎杨玉环之意呢?”

“我是被冤枉的。真是愚哉斯言。本以为千年之后，我的冤屈已被涤清，没想到蒙于我身的耻辱尚未被冗长的岁月消逝。我本是以飞燕之轻比杨玉环，她实在是我眼中的仙子，我何敢有辱她之语?”说完，他的眼光久久停驻在空旷的河面上，深深的，似一把利剑，将要穷透时间与空间，把李隆基的心剖开来，看一看，他为何不相信他的话呢?

“太白，李隆基相信了杨玉环的话，而以为你只是狡辩之辞，你恨他吗?”

“如果一个人从荣华的峰巅一下跌到了谷地，而且永远过着潦倒的生活，你难道不恨吗?可毕竟李隆基与杨玉环是夫妇，夫妇之亲有如天地，一个人的判断有时在很大程度上决定于感情上的亲疏，他信了杨玉环，而认为我不忠，这是一个悲哀，我的悲哀，也是李隆基的悲哀，乃至整个国家的悲哀。”

青莲居士踏着夕阳的余晖走了。一个孤独的身影从我的视野中渐渐消失。

我静静地伫立在河边。我想起了屈原，想起了比干，想起了屈死于谄言中的每个忠臣。感情的亲疏使昏君们相信近臣的花言，爱妃的巧语，而每一个如此的君王无不蹈覆国的命运。而对于我们，难道没有一些可以借鉴之处吗?

我低了头，看看哪一滴是李白的泪水。

这类作文，重心在于对话，对话的基础在于对文化名人的理解和对作文话题的把握。一方面，所虚设的对话内容要紧扣话题，另一方面又要符合文化名人所处环境以及他的思想与性格。

如本文所虚拟的对话，虚幻而又可信，一句“可怜飞燕倚新妆”，由于李隆基与爱妃亲近，与李白疏远，而听信爱妃，误解李白，从而表明：李白的悲剧是由感情的亲疏造成的。作者由李白而屈原，由屈原而比干，敏锐而深刻指出李白的悲剧不是某个人的悲剧，而是一个历史的悲剧、社会悲剧。

这类作文还有2005年高考满分作文《一腔爱国情，两行辛酸泪》。这篇作文依然是跨时空对话，通过虚拟梦镜，让自己与屈原相会，将所见所说统一在作文话题“位置与价值”之下，以表明：不同的位置，不同的价置。在政治的位置上，屈原没有实现价值，落得个投江的结局;但在诗人的位置上，屈原创造了巨大的价值，在文学史上千古流芳。

三、诗文同行

诗文并行，以诗引文，以文注诗，相得益彰，相映成趣。

如高考满分作文《琵琶行之父母有情》：

【转轴拨弦三两声，未成曲调先有情】

孩子是父母爱的结晶，是由爱情转为亲情的结点。于是，我的爸妈便将我视作上帝赐予他们的天使。在母亲的肚子宫殿里，我开始了家庭教育的第一课。听轻音乐，做有氧体操，嘿嘿，都是我的必修课。在温暖亲切的环境下，我快乐地成长着。

【大弦嘈嘈如急雨，小弦切切如私语。嘈嘈切切错杂谈，大珠小珠落玉盘】

爱女成凤。严父慈母在我的童年是两个互补的角色厉声训斥我的父亲在教导我的时候，总有母亲和声细语的安慰，这便是成功所在。童年，我学的东西扎实牢固，这是父亲的功劳，我心灵善良而不娇气，这便是妈妈的疼爱有加了。绝不作温室花朵，也绝不堕落消极。

【间关莺语花底滑】

上学后，爸妈便对我松了一点，不再成天限制我的活动。为了缓解学习的压力，爸妈喜欢在周末带我到郊外踏青。那段日子始终印在我的脑海，因为美好，因为不再重演。记得，花儿总是开着的，草儿总是绿油油的，风儿总是和煦的，鸟儿总是快活的，像我的心情。

【冰泉冷涩弦凝绝，凝绝不通声暂歇，别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声】

当叛逆之神降临时，我不再乖巧地讨父母的欢心，总是觉得自己已经长大，不再需要陈词滥调的叮咛和唠叨。喜欢上奇装异服，喜欢上顶嘴，家里的气氛有些凝重。回想起来，我似乎要走上一条错路了。要多谢我的父亲，那副严厉的面孔突然换成了和蔼和耐心。他一步步地引导我，从不揭我的短，也不重复说教，黑色的日子就在无声中过去了。

【曲终收拨当心划，四弦一声如裂帛】

终于把我拉扯大了。即将离开父母的我有些悲壮的感觉。爸妈老了，我发现他们鬓上的白丝;爸妈笑了，当我发现他们满足的欣慰的目光，我突然哭了，爸妈的爱和他们的言传身教早已铭刻我心。最后，爸爸说：“孩子，以后的路只能自己去走了。自己好好把握啊!”

【座中泣下谁最多，掌上明珠双眸湿】

我要感谢父亲母亲的教导，他们是最普通的父母，却是我永远敬仰的明星。他们为我照亮了前方的路，引导我走向光明的未来。谢谢!这是我唯一能说的话了。

这种作文最难处理的是诗与文的合一。诗在文章里已经成为了作文不可少的部分，或显示其中的情感变化，或显示其中的事情发展，与文和谐统一。写为类作文，要考虑好诗与文的意义情感关系，诗不是文的装点，而是文章不可少的部分。

如上文，《琵琶行》中的精妙诗句成了引导文章各自然段的引子，并且这些诗句又大体诠释了各段的意思。白居易的诗句与作者要表达的家庭教育方式的灵活、父母宽厚大度的爱有机结合，增强了文章的表现力。

导语：时间就是生命。时间对每个人都是公平的。世界上最重要的东西是时间。能够把握的只有今天。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的有关“时间”的中考素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

一、论点

最严重的浪费就是时间的浪费。任何节约归根到底是时间的节约。浪费时间的人会被时间抛弃。提高效率就是节约时间。时间走了就不会再回来。珍惜时间才会有所成就。

二、名言

世界上最重要的东西是时间。——爱迪生

明日复明日，明日何其多，我生待明日，岁月成蹉跎。——文嘉

今天所做之事勿候明天，自己所做之事勿候他人。——歌德

昨日只是今日的回忆，而明日只是今天的梦想。——纪伯伦

愿你们每天都过着愉快的生活，不要等日子过去了才找出它们的可爱之处，也不要把所有特别含义的话放到未来。——居里夫人

盛年不重来，一日难再晨;及时当勉励，岁月不待人。——陶渊明

莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。——岳飞

时间就是生命，无端的空耗别人的时间，其实无异于谋财害命的。——鲁迅

时间，就像海绵里的水，只要愿挤，总还是有的。——鲁迅

时间是伟大的作者，她能写出未来的结局。——卓别林

时间最不偏私，给任何人都是二十四小时;时间也最偏私，给任何人都不是二十四小时。——赫胥黎

谁虚度年华，青春就会褪色，生命就会抛弃他们。——雨果

少年易学老难成，一寸光阴不可轻。——朱熹

时间的步伐有三种：未来姗姗来迟，现在像箭一样飞逝，过去永远静立不动。——席勒

一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。—— 中国谚语

丢失的东西有找处，丢落的光阴无寻处。——佚名

时间老人是公平的，它给予每一个人一份同样的时间，时间老人又是偏爱的，它给予勤奋者的劳动果实百倍于懒惰者。——佚名

在时间的海洋里，懒惰者漂泊不定;勤奋者却日计行程，始终如一。——佚名

三、经典素材

1、珍惜时间的鲁迅

我国伟大的思想家和文学家鲁迅，非常珍惜时间。他有一句至理名言：时间就是生命，无端的空耗别人的时间，其实无异于谋财害命。

鲁迅确实惜时如命，他把别人喝咖啡、谈天的时间都用在工作和学习上。鲁迅还以各种形式来鞭策自己珍惜时间，刻苦学习和工作。在北京时，他的卧室兼书房里挂着一副对联，集录我国古代伟大诗人屈原的两句诗，上联是“望崦嵫而勿迫”(看见太阳落山了还不心里焦急)，下联为“恐鹈鸥之先鸣”(怕的是一年又去，报春的杜鹃又早早啼叫)。书房墙上还挂着一张鲁迅最崇敬的日本老师藤野先生的照片。鲁迅在《朝花夕拾》中写道：“每当夜间疲倦，正想偷懒时，仰面在灯光中瞥见他黑瘦的面貌，似乎正要说出抑扬顿挫的话来，便使我忽又良心发现，而且增加勇气了，于是点上一支烟，再继续写些为正人君子’之流所深恶痛疾的文字。”鲁迅用这朝夕相处的对联和照片督促自己抓紧时间。

正是因为有了这种惜时如命的精神，鲁迅在他56岁的生命旅途中，广泛涉及自然、社会科学的许多领域，一生著译一千多万字，留给后人一份宝贵的文化遗产。

2、巴尔扎克勤奋写作

法国作家巴尔扎克十分珍惜时间，把所有的时间都用在了写作上。他的创作时间表是：“从午夜到中午工作，就是说，在圈椅里坐十二个小时，努力修改和创作。然后从中午到四点校对校样，五点钟用餐，五点半才上床休息，而到午夜又起床工作。”他把全部精力用在了工作上，成为名副其实的“工作狂”。巴尔扎克的写作速度很快，每三天他的墨水瓶要重新装满一次，并且得用掉十个笔头。他创作出像《欧也妮?葛朗台》、《高老头》等90多部中长篇小说，成为一位多产作家，在世界上享有盛誉。他之所以著作立身，与他珍惜时间、勤奋写作是分不开的。

导语：英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语写作50条常用短语句子，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard

3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention

8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensivequality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I

46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology

考辅P42

1.IgaveTomthebook.／／

2.Heboughthismothersomeflowers.／／

3.Thebridgewasbuiltbyworkerslastyear.／／

4.Wehavetofinishtheworktoday.／／5.Hewilldohishomeworktomorrow.／／

6.Wecleantheroomseveryday.／／7.Thewriterspent3yearsonthebook.／／

8.Itisabookwithalotofbeautifulpictures.／／

9.Thebooksoldverywellduringthefirstweek.／／firstweek.

10.Marywastheonlyoneintheoffice.／／

11.Shefinishedherworkat10o’clock.／／Shedidn’12.Shehadtotakeataxihomebecauseitwastoolate.

13.LizaandMikearrivedattheGreatWallintwohours.

14.Theywerehappytogettothetop.／／

15.TheyenjoyedthemselvesontheGreatWall.／／

16.ThepostmansentSusanandTommyapaperbox.

17.Theyopeneditandfoundapresentfromtheirfriend.

18.Theybothlikedthepresentandfeltveryhappy.

19.Alicedidn’tfeelwelltoday,soshewenttothehospital.

20.Thedoctoraskedhersomequestions.／／

21.Thedoctordidn’tgiveheranymedicineintheend.

（全真１）

1.ThecapitalAirporthasbeeninusefor20years.／／

2.ThecapitalAirportisthelargestoneinChina.／／

3.Ihavenevertakenaplane.MyfriendLiPing,either.／／

（全真２）

1.Fathergave$20formetobuysomebooks.／／

2.IwasexcitedwhenIsawsomanygoodbooksinthebookstore.

3.ButsomebookswouldcostmorethanIhave.／／

ButIdidn’／／（全真3）

1.ManyChinesefriendswenttotheparty.2.Tonywasgivenalotofpresentsbyhisfriends.／／Tony’

3.SeeinghisChineseteacheratthepartymadeTonyveryhappy.／／（全真4）

1.Iwanttoeatsomething.／／2.Therefrigeratorisempty.／／3.Bobspentfifteenyuanonthehamburger.／／／（全真5）

1.Mr.Wangdoesn’tworkinthatfactoryanylonger.／／

2.Mr.Wanglefthomeearlierinordertocatchthebus.3.Mr.Wangfindsitnoteasytogetalongwiththatyoungguy.／／（专家1）

1.Manypeoplewentshoppingyesterday.

2.Janespent4hourstobuyNewyeargifts.／／

3.Shewassotiredthatshecouldn’twalkanylonger.／／

（专家2）

1.Myfriendssaidtome,“Areyoufree?”

2.Shewantedmetogoshoppingwithher.

3.Shethinksitapleasuretogoshoppingwithafriend.

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

假若今天是香港回归5 周年纪念日，你观看了中央电视台的专题节目，看到了香港回归所发生的巨大变化。

根据下列要求写一篇英语日记，表达自己盼望祖国统一的心愿。

1. 香港、澳门和台湾自古以来就是中国的领土，由于历史的原因被分割。

2. 1997 年 7 月 1 日香港已经回归祖国， 1999 年 12 月 20 日澳门也回到了祖国的怀抱。香港和澳门的明天会更加美好。

3. 台湾是中国领土不可分割（ integral ）的一部分，中国人民，包括生活在台湾的绝大多数人都盼望台湾赶快回归祖国。

注：英语短文的标题已经给出，全文约 100 词。

How I Wish China Would Be United Sooner！

2

How I Wish China Would Be United Sooner！

July 1st， 2002 Fine

Hong Kong and Macao are parts of China in history， but they were separated from the motherland for some political reasons. China has been getting richer and stronger since its opening to the outside world. On July 1， 1997， Hong Kong finally returned home. On December 20， 1999， Macao returned home， too. Great changes have taken place in both Hong Kong and Macao. It shows the development and great strength of our country.

Taiwan is an intergral part of China. The Chinese people as well as most of the people from Taiwan are looking forward to the day on which Taiwan will return home. We are sure that day will come sooner or later.

[中考英语关于香港回归几周年的作文

1、关于这个问题，大家意见不同。

Opinions are divided about/on the problem.

2、百分之八十的学生喜欢校服。

Eighty percent of the students like school uniforms.

3、他们认为校服设计得好。

They think the uniforms are well designed.

4、其余的人对校服不感兴趣。

Therest are not interested in school uniforms.

5、三分之一的学生住得离学校近。

One third of the students live near their school.

6、一半多学生要花50分钟才能到学校。

More than half of the students spend 50 minutes on the way to school.

7、很少的人坐小汽车上学。

Few of them go to school by car.

8、2020年，这个城市将会有三百万辆汽车。

There will be 3 million cars in the city in 2020.

9、他们每天花一个半小时做作业。

It takes them an hour and a half to do their homework every day.

10、他们学了一年多英语了。

They have learned English for more than a year.

英语写作和汉语写作一样，要写出好文章除了要有好的内容外还少不了好的结构，而句子的好坏又取决于选词造句。小编收集了关于英语作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、措辞

1、选择生动准确的词

词是语言的基本单位，人们要表达思想，就要选择适当的词语，这是写作的基本要求。

词可分为一般概念的词(general words)和具体概念的词(specific words)。表示一般概念的词含义模糊;表示具体概念的词含义明确，表达准确，生动形象。写作时合理地使用具体概念的词能够使句子表达的意思准确，内容生动，更富有感染力。试比较下面各组句子：

(l) A few houses were destroyed yesterday (general)

Five houses burnt down yesterday (specific)

(2)His relatives gave him two gifts(general)

His aunt and uncle gave hima watch and a Pen as the birthday gifts。(specific)

(3) Jack went to the window and looked at the crowd outside(general)

Jack tiptoed to the window and peeped into the room(specific)

上面各组句中，第一个句子抽象概括，给人以空泛的感觉：第二个句子用词具体，有个件，使人感到意思确切，生动逼真。

2、使用英语成语和习语

人们在长期使用语言的过程中，积累了大量的习惯表达法。这些成语、习语内涵丰富，语言生动活泼。文章中适当地使用这类短语，可避免语言的单调贫乏，使句子生动而富于内涵。如：

(l)George has lost his social position since his business failed.

可改为：George has come down in the world since his business failed

(2).Maybe you have time to go to the cinema,but I have more importavt businessto attend to.

可改为：Maybe you have time to go to the cinema,but I have other fish to fry.

3、用词的宽度

用词的宽度可以反映出写作者所掌握的词汇量。如果一个人掌握的词汇量大，那么当表达同一概念有不同的表达方法时，则可以换一种说法。如：

The teachers maintained that the students should give up love for the sake ofleaming Students,however,hold that fordidding love among college students is nogood.

这两句话里，谓语分别用了maintain和hold。如果将它们换为think，所表达的意思相同，但用词宽度则不如原文。这两句话中for the sake of，give uP,is no good等都是用词宽度的表现。

所以在英语写作中有意识地适当增加用词宽度既能体现学以致用的原则又能使文章取得良好效果。

二、句子的多样化

英语中，同一思想用不同句式表达，其效果会大不相同。要想写出好的文章，就要不断地变化句子的结构形式。

l、长短句交替使用

句子的长短是为表达思想服务的。英语短句结构简单，意思明白具有生动活泼而又干脆利索的表达效果，而长句结构复杂，信息丰富，能表达成熟的思想与复杂的概念。一味地使用长句或短句会使文章显得单调，乏味，从而影响文章的总体效果。科学地交替使用长短句使句子结构变化多样，不仅给文章带来顿挫起伏的语言美感，而且可以受到理想的修辞效果。请看下面的这段话：

She returned to her office.There was a note under the door. It was from Mr May.He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room.And he bad not found her sister.Hewas sorry to have missed her.

这段话用了一连串的短句，读起来单调呆板，平淡无味。为使文字更加生动，意思更加明确可改为：

When she returned to her office，the found a note from Mr May under the door.He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room and hadnt found her sister yet.Headded that he was sorry to have missed her.

修改后三个句子长短不一，读起来就给人以不同的感觉。

又如《大学英语》第一册第十课 Going Home，当汽车驶至 Brunsnick，车上的年轻人看见黄手帕时，出现了以下这两行文字：

Then，suddenly，all of the young people were up out of thelr seats，screamlng andshouting and cryin, doing small dances of joy.All except Vlngo.这两句话一长(23个词)一短(3个词)，彼此衬托互为凸现。第一句的两个and和四个-ing词，把热闹、喧哗的气氛喧染极至，长句之后，蜂回路转，一个仅三个词的短句扑入读者的双目几乎沸腾的场面顿时凝固但其余音未绝，此时外表虽冷漠，内心却炙热难当。

2、句子开头的多样化

“主-谓-宾”、“主-系-表”是英语的基本句型，主语领先句也是用得最多的句型。写作中为避免形式单一，当句子可以用主语开头，同时又可以其它结构开头时，不妨变换一下。如：

(1)Defeated in the minor exchanges,I now play my queen of trumps.(分词短语做状语开头)

(2)There are two ways in which one can own a book.( there be句型开头)

(3)Equally important is a good habit of reading(表语开头)

以上各句都可以用主语开句，但在篇章中通过改变句子开头，文章就会疏落有致，语言形式丰富多采。

3、句子结构的多样化

写作中可以通过句型结构的变化来增添文采，强化表现力。如：

(l) The love of the liberty is the love of the others;the love of power ls thelove of ourselves.

(平行结构.这类结构整齐、紧凑;句子生动、鲜明，语义贯通、语势强劲有力。)

(2)The days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation are gone.(这样表达文字通顺，但语意不很突出。)

改为：Gone are the days when we suffered fron oppression andexploitation.

(采用倒装句结构后，充分体现出受剥削受压迫的人民解放后扬眉吐气的心情。)

三、观点切题结构合理

这是写作中最重要的要求之一它要求写作开门见山直入主题。如写一篇谈“健康重要性”的文章，提示是1、健康的重要性;2、保持健康的方法;3、我的看法。按要求文章应按三个自然段来写，而每段开头都必须是提示的内容，因此，三段可以这么开头：

l.Good health is important to everyone of us.

2.There are many ways which can help build up our health.

3.As for me，I like running as well as playing basketball and football.

除了开门见山以外，论述的内容必须与提示保持一致，否则文章的语言再好，也只能算是失败之作。一般来说，这类文章的每个自然段都由三部分组成，即主题句，论述句和结论句。主题句由提示给出，论述句提供观点来论证主题句，结论句则是总结、归纳、概括主提句的观点。

总之，要写出一篇好的英语作文不是一朝一夕就能做到的。除了借助以上方法之外，还需从平时入手，勤写多练，以提高自己的写作水平和语言表达能力。