中秋节英语作文120高中(通用20篇)

Life is each person s wealth, because the world with life and colorful, full of vigour, let us love and cherish own life, seize every minute of life. Life is short, be gone for ever, human life is fleeting, time can not be reversed, we can only in a limited life infinite brilliance.

That day, my good friend clay came to my house to play, my mother know, immediately do a lot of delicious to clay. When we have fun when, suddenly, clay fainted. Mom saw mud, immediately sent to hospital. After the doctor s detailed inspection, the final judgment is had leukemia. Doctor for my mother said: oh! The child to live no longer than four months, if you come a little earlier treatment, it is no big deal. But now... Alas! Mother pale, said to the doctor: doctor, do not save? The doctor reluctantly shook his head. At that moment, I have tears in eyes is the best, but couldn t flow down. I think: why the event would fall in my good friend why, why! My mother said to me: my daughter, you don t cry. We don t know if that mud, mud know she will be very sad, you promised mom don t tell clay, okay? I cried and said: Mom and I promise you, I will not tell her.

We came to the clay ward, pretending to be happy. For I in the four months to make clay can happy every day, make clay in full every day, I spend a lot of time. But time always flies so fast, I am very sad, because I know the clay have not much time.

[热爱生命高中生英语作文

我们的春节是中国人一年中的第一个传统佳节，它标志旧的一年结束，新的一年已经开始。年夜饭，是春节的重要活动之一，中国的百姓家庭对年夜饭极为重视。正月初二，我和爸爸妈妈一起到奶奶家吃年夜饭。

在今天来的人特别多，奶奶家显得格外热闹，年味超浓。姑姑、叔叔和我爸爸正聊得热火重天。他们边嗑瓜子，边滔滔不绝的聊着各种话题。表哥和嫂子在房间里逗小baby开心，看着小宝贝的笑脸，他们别提有多开心了。而我和俩位表姐则更是“肆无忌惮”了。我们三人盘腿坐在沙发上，悠闲自得地玩着ipad上的割绳子，时不时传出一阵阵爽朗的笑声。

又过了一会儿，奶奶慈祥地把我们带进房间，塞给我们每人一个印着“马”的红包，我们接过红包，笑盈盈的谢谢奶奶。

很快的还有5分钟就到6点了。姑父把我们安排到圆桌上的各个座位上，我和2位表姐左右邻座。先上一道饭前甜点“蔬菜沙拉”开开胃。我们三个吃货纷纷拿勺子一勺勺地舀着沙拉，没一会儿，沙拉就差不多吃完了。姑姑笑着说：“慢点吃，每人和你们抢。”这时，第二道菜“年年有鱼”上来了。色香味俱全，酱油的味道恰到好处，加上葱花点缀，这道菜别提有多美了。鱼上完了，紧接着就是“清煮虾仁”了。这道菜清甜可口，配上一碗香醋，让人垂涎欲滴。稍后又上了不少好菜，个顶个都是美食，今天来真是有口福了。

晚上，吃完晚饭。大家陆陆续续都散了，我和爸爸妈妈也只好依依不舍的和奶奶说“再见”了，今天一天玩得别提有多开心了，和家人团聚是一件幸福的事。

中秋节快要到了，这是一个团圆的日子，你和你的家人会一起坐在餐桌前吃月饼，但是你有没有听过中秋节的来历?

有的人可能会想起中秋节的传说。传说以前有一个名叫后羿的人得到一颗仙药，吃了它就能成仙。但是后羿不想抛下妻子，他就回家让妻子嫦娥来保管仙药。很多人都想得到这一个仙药，一天后羿的徒弟逄蒙趁着他不在家就闯进了后院，逼着嫦娥交出仙药，嫦娥不想给逄蒙，她就一口把仙药给吃了，结果嫦娥向天上飞去。因为嫦娥心里想着丈夫，所以她就飞到了离人间最近的月球上，成了仙。后羿很想念妻子，就让人把一个桌子搬到后院，摆上她平时最喜欢吃的东西。不久后羿祈求团圆的愿望就在民间传开了。

但是这个传说是假的，中秋节真实的故事是这样的：以前人们会祭拜月亮，后来，祭拜月亮的活动演变成了赏月，就有了中秋节。我在文章前面提到中秋节吃月饼，其实这个历史也很悠久。唐朝时中秋节人们就吃月饼了。一直到今天，做月饼的食材变多了，做月饼的形状也变多了。

中秋节的来历我就讲完了，那么你知道中秋节这个名字是怎么来的吗?因为农历的七、八、九三个月是秋季，七月是孟秋、八月是仲秋，九月是季秋，中秋节是在八月，所以叫仲秋节，也叫中秋节。

Oceans becoming more acidicThe worlds oceans are slowly getting more acidic, say scientists.The researchers from California say the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.The lowering of the waters pH value is not great at the moment but could pose a serious threat to current marine life if it continues, they warn.Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature.Increasing use of fossil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater.

Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid.Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.But these researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change."This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira."And we predicted amounts of future acidity that exceed anything we saw over the last several hundred million years, apart from perhaps after rare catastrophic events such as asteroid impacts."If carbon dioxide release continues unabated, ocean pH could be reduced by as much as 0.77 units, the authors warn.It is not absolutely clear what that means for marine life, however.

Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean lifeforms may be more sensitive to pH changes.Coral reefs and other organisms whose skeletons or shells contain calcium carbonate may be particularly affected, the team speculate. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH.In recent years some people have suggested deliberately storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep ocean as a way of curbing global warming.But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered."Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing - because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet; and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming.

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.

You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

“Dear Andy-How are youYour mother and I are fine .We both miss you and hope you are doing well. We look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer crashes and you come downstairs for something to eat, Love, Mom and Dad.”

范文: The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of

communication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.

As far as Im concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of information.

To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.

[高中关于网络对人们日常交流影响的英语作文

Does Robot Have Self-consciousness

It is known to all that robot is invented by human being and it is just the program set by scientists. What the robot does will follow the program, theoretically, it has no life and won’t have self-consciousness. But in the screen, many movies show that in the future, robot may have self-consciousness, which will challenge human beings. In the early film, The Matrix, showed the audience that the computer program would do what they want and out of people’s control. The hottest TV series West World, describing a world built by human beings, as the players to play with the robot that looked like the real man. These robots started to have their consciousness after upgrading. They rebelled their fate and fought with human beings. Though the fact that robot is still a machine now, who knows what will happen with the development of technology.

After a year, just for one day.This day is to have the spring festival.There are two days to have the Spring Festival, people began to busy.

Firecrackers, poetic couplet and had bought, the prepared food, need to buy some bread stored, ready enough meat and noodles, dumplings have the Spring Festival.Dried fruit, fruit, candy, beverage, wine is also essential in the Spring Festival, celebrating the new years Eve night, when using, do a sumptuous the dinner on New Years Eve, usher in the new year.Many people also began to clean the windows, polished, call a person to see repeatedly praised.The room to maintain ones original pure character, good to create new year new weather.

Adults and the elderly are beginning to give the children ready to gift money, with red packaging, on behalf of the children new year wishes.I also began to prepare a few words of good wishes, wait until the new years Eve, people used to toast.Let them in the new year, happy to spend.

Television, host and various performances have also started to prepare a unable to hold oneself back Gala, back lines. Net, recorded the playing order.I hope that after this kind of careful preparation, Spring Festival Gala more colorful than last year!So that the audience can more easily through it in a year, turn the page, continue to have a happy life!

Soon have the Spring Festival, soon have the Spring Festival … …

My favorite holiday is Mid-autumn Day. Do you know why? Firstly, it’s day for family gathering. On Mid-autumn Day, families will stay together and eat a big dinner. My families always make very delicious food. After dinner, families will enjoy the beautiful full moon. We often have a good talk and eat moon cakes and fruits. For me, I like moon cakes very much. They are so tasty. Besides, the Mid-autumn Day is in autumn. It’s my favorite season.

我最喜欢的节日是中秋节，你知道为什么吗?首先，中秋节是一个家庭团聚的节日。中秋节这天，家人们会聚在一起吃一顿大餐。我的家人会做很美味的食物。晚餐过后，家人们会在一起赏月。我们经常会边吃月饼、水果边聊天。至于我，我很喜欢吃月饼，觉得月饼很好吃。此外，中秋节在秋天，那是我最喜欢的季节。

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a very important Chinese festival.It’s on the fifth of August.We can hang lanterns in the house.In the evening,we have a big dinner.Look,there is lots of food on the table.They are chicken,fish,crabs and so on.They’re very delicious.

We can drink a glass of juice.We stand beside the table and we say,“Cheers,cheers,happy Mid-Autumn Festival!” We make a wish to each other.At night,the moon is usually round and bright.

It looks like a ball.We can enjoy the moon.Moon cakes are the special food for this festival.We can eat moon cakes,too.In the Mid-Autumn Festival,my parents and I are all very happy and excited.

Mid Autumn Festival is a traditional festival of China. It used to be as

important as Spring Festival .It is usually celebrated in September or Ocotber.

This festival is to celebrate the havast and to enjoy the beautiful moon

light.To some extent, it is like Thanks Giving day in western countries. On this

day, people usually get together with their families and have a nice meal. After

that, people always eat delicious moon cakes, and watch the moon. The moon is

always very round on that day, and makes people think of their relitives and

friends. It is a day of pleasure and happiness. Hope you have a wonderful Mid

Autumn festival!

我最好的朋友My Best Friend

I have a very good friend. His name is Philip. As far as Im concerned, hes very kind-hearted and generous. Once I was in high school, he treated me friendly and sincerely. When I was happy, he was also happy with me. When I was sad, he always comforted me. When I was defeated, he always encouraged me. When I stumbled, he always pulled me up. Although we quarreled at times, we were still in good relationships. We could know each other better after the argument. When my birthday came, he always sent me a special present.

我有一个很好的朋友。他的名字叫菲利普。我觉得他是非常善良和慷慨的。当我在高中的时候，他对我很友好、很真诚。我高兴的时候，他也和我一起开心。当我难过时，他总是安慰我。当我失败时，他总是鼓励我。当我迷茫时，他总是拉我一把。尽管有时候我们会吵架，我们关系仍然很好。争吵之后我们可以更好的了解对方。我生日的时候，他总是送我一份特别的礼物。

Hes very hard-working and intelligent. He always studied hard at school. Because of his hard work, he always did very well in exams. His oral English was better than mine. Most of the time, he was willing to chat with me in English. Owing to his help, I made a lot of progress in oral English.

他非常勤劳也很聪明。在学校他总是很努力学习。由于他的努力，他总是能在考试中取得好成绩。他的英语口语比我好。大多数时候他都愿意用英语和我聊天。由于他的帮助，我在英语口语方面取得了很大的进步。

[我最好的朋友高中学生英语作文

As it is known to us, Ping An was chosen to perform on the CCTV Spring

Festival Gala with his melodious and strong voice. Also, he had a great

achievement on this dream stage. Although he hadnt gain the popularity among

the audience at the beginning, he always kept his dream in mind and never gave

it up. It is his success that brings home to me the power of dream.

A life without a dream is a life without a sun. Therefore, in no

circumstances can we give up our dream. Unquestionably, dreams are of great

importance. For one thing, a person having a dream will be considered to be more

responsible and unswerving. For another, in pursuit of our dream, there is a

chance that good habits and positive attitudes can be formed, contributing to

our success.

As for our students, what we should do is to choose a healthy seed and

plant it on fertilized soil. Firstly, knowledge is the foundation of dream

realization, so we should spend much time in study to enrich ourselves.

Secondly, it also takes perseverance and confidence if we want to realize our

dreams. Last but not least, we should not be craven and timorous but brave when

we meeting obstacles.

Yesterday,I went to have a picnic with my old classmates.We dated with each other several days ago.And we were all expecting the days come. At last, the excited day came. We went to the part where we have decided to have the picnic. During the picnic ,we talked with each other,played games,and so on. On balance, I had a nice day and I will never forget it.Because it is so happy in the picnic and we remaided so many pleasures things in our childhood.

2we had a picnic in fall last year. first we climbed to the top of the hill. we saw many pupils there. we talked ,laughed and played together. then at picnic time, we shared our food .we saw a beautiful stream near by. but there was much rubbish in it. thats a pity .we thought we should tell the people to protect our living environment. so after our picnic, we put up several signs near the stream. we wrote "please keep the stream clean and beautiful" on the signs. time to go home, we said goodbye each other and we made an appointment of next year.. on our way home, we all thought thats a very interesting picnic.

大概翻译：

昨天，我到有我的老彼此几天给classmates.We野餐ago.And大家都期待的一天来。最后，兴奋那天。我们去的地方，我们决定有野餐的一部分。在野餐，我们彼此交谈，玩游戏等。总的来说，我有一个愉快的一天，我永远不会忘记it.Because是这样的野餐高兴，我们remaided这么多的乐趣在我们的童年的事情。

2we曾在去年秋季野餐。首先，我们爬上了山顶。我们看到有许多学生。我们交谈，笑着一起玩。然后在野餐时，我们分享我们的食物。我们看到了一个美丽的流附近。但有许多内容是垃圾。这是一个遗憾。我们认为我们应该告诉人们保护我们的居住环境。所以我们的野餐后，我们提出了几个附近的流标志。我们说“请保持清洁，美丽的流”的标志。回家的时候，我们彼此说了声再见，我们进行了一个任命明年..在回家的路上，我们都以为这是一个非常有趣的野餐。

Mothers Day Mother’s Day is a holiday when children honor their mothers with

cards, gifts and flowers. In many countries, such as Denmark, Finland, Italy,

Turkey, Australia and the US, people cel lebrate Mother’s Day on the second

Sunday in May while many other countries of the world celebrate their own

Mother’s day at different times through out the year.

One of the best ways to celebrate Mother’s Day is to give your mom the day

off. Let her relax with the rest of the family doing all the housework. Usually,

dad and the kids will let mom sleep late that morning as they go into the

kitchen to prepare her favourite breakfast. Never forget to place a vase with a

single flower on the table beside the food. The kids can pick up the flower from

the garden or buy one from the shop. Arrange everything nicely before mom wakes

up. Some families will carry the food and mom’s favourite sections from the

newspaper to her bedroom so that mom can have breakfast in bed. Presents and

cards from the kids can be handed to mom by themselves or just placed on the

dining table.

After breakfast, go anywhere mom likes to go. Shopping, swimming or going on

a picnic in the garden. Make a special Mother’s Day dinner or take mom out for a

great meal in a famous restaurant she loves most.

Anyway ,let mom enjoy the whole day and feel your love, and then the Mother’s

Day can be a good one. As Mother’s Day is around the corner, it’s time to take

actions!

Every year on October 4th is the World Animal Day. It is proposed by the

Italian monk St Francis in 12th century. He lives in the forests of Assisi

Island for the long time, building a good relationship with the animals. So he

asks people to express thanks to the animals on October 4th. He sets a good

example for our human beings about how to deal with the relationship with

animals. In order to memorize him and what he does, we make October, 4th to be

World Animal Day. Nowadays, people from all over the world will hold various

activities to celebrate on that day. The aim of this festival is to remind

people to care for all animals and build a harmonious relationship with

them.

Nowadays, as the development of high technology, people like to use

computer, they use computer to read the news, to play the game and so on. Now

more and more computer functions have been developed, people like to do business

on the computer, it saves people a lot of time and it is very convenient.

Shopping online is most people’s choice today, but it has disadvantages. First,

the products will be not in good quality, people can’t touch the products, they

only can see the pictures, so they can’t figure out the real products’ quality.

Second, when people pay the money online, they will have the chance to leak out

their message, their online account will be attacked by the hackers and thus to

lose the money. Of course, shopping online is more and more popular, we must

take care of personal message when shopping online.

There is no doubt that learning English is vital for us. On the onehand, English has become an international language that people can communicatewith each other in many countries. On the other hand, if we learn English well,we could get more chance of success.

毫无疑问，学习英语对于我们来说是至关重要的。一方面，英语已成为国际语言人们在很多国家都可以用之来交流。另一方面，如果我们学好英语，我们成功的几率就会更高。

However, it is well-known that there are many methods for us tolearn English well. There are some tips. First, we can study in a group toimprove learning efficiency. Second, we could listen to English songs and watchEnglish movies; this way is very suitable for student to improve theirlistening and speaking abilities. Third, I have believed that a great deal ofpractice can strengthen language knowledge.

然而，众所周知学好英语有很多方法。这有一些小提示。首先，我们可以集体学习来提高学习效率。第二，我们可以听英文歌曲或者看英文电影；这种方式非常适合学生用来提高他们的听力和口语能力。第三，我认为，大量的练习可以加强语言知识。

In a word, it is natural for us to learn English well by making efforts.If we didnt work hard, we would never do well in learning English.

总之，学好英语要付出努力是很自然的。如果我们不努力，我们永远都不会学好英语。

[高中英语作文：如何高效学习英语

农历八月十五日是出国国传统的中秋节。月饼是中秋当天的必备品，可今年，我们家却迟迟不见它的影子。

这是为什么呢?

原因很简单，世世代代都是在这天举行过节，在这个节日里人们都喜欢带上中秋月饼串门探亲访友，交流思想感情。我们几乎每天去拜访亲朋好友，亲朋好友也来拜访我们，这样一来一去的，都没时间去超市采购了，而别人送给我们的礼物中唯一的一盒月饼，又被奶奶“无情”地送给了我的干姐姐，所以直到中秋节的傍晚，家里还是没见到一个月饼的影子。

没有月饼的中秋节，我可不想过这样没意义的节日，于是便缠着奶奶要去买，平时最宠我的奶奶可没想到却一口否决了。她说：“吃月饼有害健康，而且会让人长得更胖”。

看来，想吃到月饼的我，今年已经见不到我那美味的月饼了。

“但是，”她把这二个字咬得特重，“我们难道不能用其它的东西来代替月饼吗?”

我恍然大悟：“我知道该做什么了!”!

到了晚上，我拿起一把小刀一个苹果，一刀一刀的，不一会一块呈不规则图形的苹果片就呈现我眼前，接着又一阵雕刻，“月饼”中央立马出现了一个巨大的“月”字，再往边上的一些地方点上少许番茄酱，一个完美的“月饼”就在我的巧手中完工了。

不过，它虽然外观不错，但味道却实在不咋样的。我又找来了几种水果，看上去明显不合适。这时奶奶又把两个圆圆的大白馒头交给我。我愣愣地呆了一会儿，心里逐渐有点儿佩服起奶奶来了。这次我直接在馒头上用番茄酱写一个大大的“月”字，再放进烤箱里一烤，香味顿时飘满了整个厨房。再细品一小口，那味儿真让人流口水。

这下好了，既不用花很多的钱，也能吃上“月饼”，而且还能体会到无限的乐趣，真可谓是“一举三得”呀!而且这“月饼”吃起来，也竟不比五仁月饼差也，成本也便宜，而且比较健康，可谓是“赛月饼”啊!

这个没有真正的月饼的中秋，依然是一个幸福、充实的中秋节!

Mid-autumn Festival in Singapore is quite lively. The holiday arrived a

front for month, the moon cake lantern starts to go on the market. Moon cake,

not only satisfies peoples luck of having good things to eat also to use for the

ancestor worship to pay respects to the moon, is the holiday high quality goods

which the relative friend presents mutually. Except the moon cake, Midautumn

Festivals another kind of holiday high quality goods are “the pomelo”.

Speaking of the young people, makes them feel the interest is the all kinds

of manufacture fine lantern, they also were taking advantage of the holiday

opportunity, exposes manufactures the lantern the talent, adults also may at the

once a year lantern manufacture competition and the decorative lantern

exposition heartily the entertainment.

The Singaporean person also may participate by the populace contacts or the

clubhouse sponsor midautumn festival party. The whole family enjoys looking at

the moon also is fine deeds together, displays the fruits and melons, the moon

cake in the home, again adds the children lantern, is warm, harmonious .

In order to cause the midautumn festival festival the atmosphere thickly,

celebration is more common, we suggested hangs up the lantern in the public

place, at the same time sponsors plays lantern-riddles and so on the

activity.

we are supposed to expresour gratitude to otheron thanksgiving day. however, we should feel gratitude everday.

god hatwo dwellings, one in heaven, and the other in a meek and thankful heart. be grateful to otheria wato show your love. in our daillife, we often receive help from our parents, friends, colleagueand strangers. perhapit ia little thing, pick up the pen you drop, lift a heavbox for you or offer you a seat in the bus. we should be thankful to them for whatever thehave done. the more love you give, the more love you receive.

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。