安身立命的典故和翻译精选20篇

西方文化典故多来自《圣经》和古希腊罗马神话。下面是小编整理的西方世界的10个历史典故，欢迎大家阅读！

1、潘多拉的盒子

潘多拉是希腊神话中第一个尘世女子。普罗米修斯盗天火给人间后，主神宙斯为惩罚人类，命令神用黏土塑成一个年轻美貌、虚伪狡诈的姑娘，取名“潘多拉”，意为“具有一切天赋的女人”，并给了她一个礼盒，然后将她许配给普罗米修斯的弟弟埃庇米修斯（意为“后知”）。埃庇米修斯不顾禁忌地接过礼盒，潘多拉趁机打开它，于是各种恶习、灾难和疾病立即从里面飞出来。盒子里只剩下唯一美好的东西——希望。但希望还没来得及飞出来，潘多拉就将盒子永远地关上了。“潘多拉的盒子”被用来比喻造成灾害的根源。

2、达摩克利斯剑

达摩克利斯是希腊神话中暴君迪奥尼修斯的宠臣，他常说帝王多福，以取悦帝王。有一次，迪奥尼修斯让他坐在帝王的宝座上，头顶上挂着一把仅用一根马鬃系着的利剑，以此告诉他，虽然身在宝座，利剑却随时可能掉下来，帝王并不多福，而是时刻存在着忧患。人们常用这一典故来比喻随时可能发生的潜在危机。

3、缪斯

缪斯是希腊神话中九位文艺和科学女神的通称。她们均为主神和记忆女神之女。她们以音乐和诗歌之神阿波罗为首领，分别掌管着历史、悲剧、喜剧、抒情诗、舞蹈、史诗、爱情诗、颂歌和天文。古希腊的诗人、歌手都向缪斯呼告，祈求灵感。后来，人们就常用“缪斯”来比喻文学、写作和灵感等。

4、斯芬克斯之谜

斯芬克斯是希腊神话中以隐谜害人的怪物，埃及最大的胡夫金字塔前的狮身人面怪兽就是他。他给俄狄浦斯出的问题是：什么东西早晨用四只脚走路，中午用两只脚走路，傍晚用三只脚走路？俄狄浦斯回答：是人。在生命的早晨，他是个孩子，用两条腿和两只手爬行；到了生命的中午，他变成壮年，只用两条腿走路；到了生命的傍晚，他年老体衰，必须借助拐杖走路，所以被称为三只脚。俄狄浦斯答对了。斯芬克斯羞愧坠崖而死。“斯芬克斯之谜”常被用来比喻复杂、神秘、难以理解的问题。

5、皮格马利翁

皮格马利翁是希腊神话中的塞浦路斯国王。他憎恨女性，决定永不结婚。他用神奇的技艺雕刻了一座美丽的象牙女像，并爱上了她。他像对待自己的妻子那样抚爱她，装扮她，并向神乞求让她成为自己的妻子。爱神阿芙洛狄忒被他打动，赐予雕像生命，并让他们结为夫妻。“皮格马利翁效应”后来被用在教育心理学上，也称“期待效应”或“罗森塔尔效应”，比喻教师对学生的期待不同，对他们施加的方法不同，学生受到的影响也不一样。

6、犹大的亲吻

犹大是《圣经》中耶稣基督的亲信子弟12门徒之一。耶稣传布新道虽然受到了百姓的拥护，却引起犹太教长老司祭们的仇恨。他们用30个银币收买了犹大，要他帮助辨认出耶稣。他们到客马尼园抓耶稣时，犹大假装请安，拥抱和亲吻耶稣。耶稣随即被捕，后被钉死在十字架上。人们用“犹大的亲吻”比喻可耻的叛卖行为。

7、诺亚方舟

出自《圣经》。上帝对人类所犯下的罪孽非常忧伤，决定用洪水消灭人类。诺亚是个正直的人，上帝吩咐他造船避灾。经过40个昼夜的洪水，除诺亚一家和部分动物外，其他生物都被洪水吞没。后被用来比喻灾难中的避难所或救星。

8、伊甸园

出自《圣经》。上帝在东方的一片富饶的平原上开辟了一个园子，里面有果树和各种飞禽走兽。上帝让亚当看守园子。为排解他的寂寞，上帝从亚当的身上取出一根肋骨，造成一个女人——夏娃来陪伴他。他们过着无忧无虑的日子。人们用伊甸园比喻人间的乐园。

9、禁果

出自《圣经》。亚当和夏娃住在伊甸园中，上帝允许他们食用园中的果实，唯独“知善恶树”上的果实不能吃。狡猾的蛇引诱他们吃了禁果，从此他们懂得了善恶，辨别出真假，而且产生了羞耻之心。上帝因此将他们逐出伊甸园。禁果比喻被禁止得到而又渴望得到的东西。

10、多米诺骨牌

一种西洋游戏，将许多长方形的骨牌竖立排列成行，轻轻推倒第1张牌时，其余骨牌将依次纷纷倒下。用于比喻时，“多米诺骨牌效应”常指一系列的连锁反应，即“牵一发而动全身”。

Good morning,everyone! I`m very happy to have this chance to give my

presentation. Before I start my speech, please let me ask you a question. Do you

think you are confident in yourself? If you are, do please raise your hand.

My topic today is “ to Be a Confident Person.”

What is confidence? Confidence is to trust yourself. Confidence is to look

upon yourself. It is not to indulge in self-admiration. It is not to get

extremely arrogant. It is not to get dizzy with success or to be opinionated. It

is just to inspire yourself ahead of a quality of mind, in high spirit, full of

energy. It is to meet the challenges of life in a positive mood. It is to

overcome your inferiority, farewell, to get rid of the trouble of a a ready-made

panacea.

Remember, I have just entered junior high school. In the face of the

challenge of new environment, in the face of so many new courses and learning

contents, I lost faith in my own and gradually developed a psychological sense

of inferiority. Achievement glided ceaselessly. It is a teacher and mother who

encouraged me and let me regain confidence. Gradually, my grades got higher and

higher and everything began to go on well. Gradually I adapted to the life in

middle school.

Friends, lets say goodbye to inferiority. Let’s be a confident person.

Because: only if you have self-confidence, can you control yourself; only if you

have confidence, can you achieve success and create your a brilliant life of

your own!

大家好!

今天我演讲的题目是：做一个自信的人。

什么是自信?自信，就是自己信得过自己，自己看得起自己。它，不是孤芳自赏，也不是夜郎自大，更不是得意忘形和自以为是;而是激励自己奋发进取的一种心里素质，是以高昂的斗志，充沛的干劲迎接生活挑战的一种乐观情绪;是战胜自己，告别自卑，摆脱烦恼的一种灵丹妙药。

还记得，我刚刚升入初中时，面对新的环境，面对那么多的新的课程和学习内容，我对自己失去了信心，逐渐产生了自卑心理，成绩不断下滑，是老师和妈妈及时帮助我、鼓励我，让我重新找回自信。渐渐的，我的学习成绩及各个方面都有明显进步，逐渐适应了初中的生活。

朋友们，让我们告别自卑，做一个自信的人吧。因为：只有拥有自信，才能拥有自我;只有拥有自信，才能走向成功，才能创造自己辉煌的人生。

Spring is coming, the swallow flew back from the south, chirping sound, like a music ringing.

Spring also came to our campus, as usual, I skipped into a beautiful school.

Into the school gate, see the school each scene seems to look brand-new. Small grass are a thin, tender shoots, seems to be said: "I want to grow up, I want to grow up!"

The other day, seems to be rare to see the flowers in our campus, however, once a flowering, open so beautiful, so bright. These purple flowers team formed a flower, as if waiting for the bees to kiss them.

Its not, a rain, have made a little dew, and the flower left tears like rain. The wind of spring, not like the so of winter winds. Spring wind, although the wind is a little cold, but in the cold with warm, blow up very comfortable. Spring water, emerald green, like a green mirror, and like a piece of flawless jade, beautiful.

In the field, the air that is colourful kites, those children to fly kites, laughing so happy, ran so happy!

Park, the willow again in bud, willow girl also in behind the long hair, with a smile to greet the spring. Although it is not in poplar leaves, but the pendant is full of fluffy ears, like countless ball thousand caterpillar in the tree.

Everywhere is full of green buds, colorful flowers, appear more naughty spring, more lively!

The spring of this year than last years spring is warm, warm warm spring breeze, warm sunshine, warm warm feeling... Always warm spring!

春天来了，燕子从南方飞回来了，叽叽喳喳的叫声，像清脆的音乐。

春天也来到了我们的校园，我像平常一样，蹦蹦跳跳地跑进了美丽的学校。

进了校门，看到学校里的每一处风景似乎都焕然一新。小草们发出又细又嫩的小芽，似乎正在说：“我要长大，我要长大!”

前些天，在我们的校园里似乎很少看见花，但是，一旦开花，就开得那么美丽，那么鲜艳。这些姹紫嫣红的花朵组成了一个花朵团队，好像在等着蜜蜂来亲吻它们。

这不，下了一场雨，花朵上有了点点露珠，好像雨点儿留下的泪水。春天的风，可不像冬天的寒风那么刺骨。春天的风，虽然风中有点儿凉，可凉中带着暖，吹上去舒服极了。春天的水，翠绿翠绿的，像一面绿色的镜子，又像一块无瑕的翡翠，美丽极了。

田野里，空中那花花绿绿的东西就是风筝，那些放风筝的孩子们，笑得那么开心，跑得那么愉快!

公园里，柳树又发出了嫩芽，柳树姑娘也甩开长长的头发，微笑着迎接春天。杨树上虽没有叶，但坠满了毛茸茸的穗子，像无数条毛毛虫在树上荡球千。

到处是绿绿的新芽，到处是五彩缤纷的花儿，显得春天更加淘气，更加活泼!

今年的春天比去年的春天暖和多了，暖暖的春风，暖暖的阳光，暖暖的心情……春天总是暖暖的!

为什么美国文化是独特的

American culture is unique because it is nurtured， formed and developed under certain conditions， which are characteristically（特性）American. The major factors contributing to the making of this new nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment， ethnic diversity（多民族） and plural religion， which is quite different from other nations in the world. What is more， these elements are still influencing the American culture.

1. Rough Environment

The early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of American. The environment there was very rough but they believed the poor land could purify their mind so they chose the place along the coast. From 1607 to 1892， frontiers were pushed further west. The American frontier consisted of the relatively unsettled regions of the United States， usually found in the western part of the country. The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise， opportunity and freedom. Actually they looked for a better life. So individualism， self-reliance， and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage（遗产） of American.

2. Ethnic Diversity

The population of the United States includes a large variety of ethnic groups coming from many races， nationalities， and religions. People refer to the United States as "melting pot "and the dominant people are British. American is made up of WASP MM， that is， White， Anglo Saxon， Protestants plus Middle Class and Male. In history， people from different countries in the world rushed to American three times. They brought their own culture to American and later on different cultures were mixed together. Thus the unique American culture is formed， a common cultural life with commonly shared values.

3. Plural religion

The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the right of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States. The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism； almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States. Christianity（基督教） is the dominant religion in American and Protestant （新教）is predominate（主导）。 Any individuals are equal before God and they believe they can communicate directly to God so they can share the same idea. Under the protestant， many new ones are formed and different explanations produce different sect of religion. Churches are independent and American religion is no longer religion seculars. The institution permits the practice of religion and the political power is separate form religion. So there are more religions in American than in other countries.

4. Current influence：

Nowadays， we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society. American family is typically parents and their unmarried children. Middle-aged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children. Many Americans live in mobile homes whose homes are built with wheels. They can be moved. The people in American have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place. Quite a number of people change residences（住所） every year. The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime. The courage to try something new has been an American characteristic. American democracy means majority rule， but it also means protection of minority rights. There are certain freedom which the United States promises to all its citizens and members of minority group cannot be denied these rights by a vote of the majority. Americans also like to be involved in many challenge activities and sports to show their adventurous spirits. All of these are affected by the heritage of the American history.

From the facts above， we can see American culture is unique which was cultivated， formed and developed by the main three factors， rough environment， ethnic diversity and plural religion and still is affected and determined by them now.

美国人最喜欢的小食品鸡翅

From its humble beginnings and unlikely origins， the chicken wing has become one of Americas best-loved snack foods.

The chicken wing first evolved from soup stock staple to American delicacy in 1964. John E. Harmon， in his Atlas of Popular Culture of the Northeastern United States， points to the Anchor Bar in Buffalo， N.Y. as the birthplace of wings. In 40- plus years， chicken wings have become a truly all-American food， showing up on dinner tables， at neighborhood bars， and in chain restaurants， pizza joints and even restaurants where the wings themselves are the focus.

Pace Foods has improved on the original formula for chicken wings with a recipe that combines the spice of Pace Picante Sauce， the sweetness of honey and the zest of fresh ginger to create Hot `nHoneyed Chicken Wings.

"Pace Picante Sauce isnt just for dipping，"said Chris Foley with Pace Foods. "A recipe like Hot `nHoneyed Chicken Wings， which combines sweet and spicy flavors of the Old Southwest and the Far East， shows how versatile， and yet how easy， it can be in cooking."

With this recipe， Pace Foods had taken the delicacy created in snowy Buffalo and made it the perfect summer food.

鸡翅越来越成为美国人最喜欢的小食品。1964年的时候它首先是在汤里出现的。John E. Harmon在他的美国东北部通俗文化地图集里指出鸡翅已经成为全美真正的食物，它在晚餐桌上，在邻居酒吧里，在连锁餐饮店里，在比萨店里，甚至在一些餐馆里它是主打菜。

美国爱国者巧克力PatriotTruffles

Try our delicious European truffles. Our Swiss trained chocolatier starts by importing the finest raw chocolate from Switzerland. Our cocoa beans are roasted by artisans who use centuries-old， closely guarded techniques. We then use the freshest creams， fruit purees， pure cocoa butter and nuts to create the most flavorful of fillings.

This gift box of premium Chocolates contains 36 pieces （1 lb） of assorted chocolate truffles with delicious fillings such as mint， peanut butter， raspberry puree， orange， caramel and hazelnut to name a few. Beautifully packaged， these premium chocolates are packed fresh and delivered directly from Cherry Moon Farms with your personal message.

这些巧克力原料是从瑞士进口的上好的原巧克力。巧克力豆要经过工匠烘烤，这是一个百年的老工序，一直被继承了下来。然后用最新鲜的奶油，浓水果汁，纯可可油和坚果来做最可口的夹心。

美国 Alagnak Wild River（奔河）

Alagnak Wild River is located in the beautiful Aleutian Range. The river provides unparalleled opportunities to experience the wilderness of the Alaska Peninsula.

The Alagnak Wild River， designated as a wild river by Title VI， Section 601（25） and 603（44） of ANILCA， preserves the upper 56 miles of the river in a free-flowing condition， and protects the river and its immediate environments for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations. The river is managed free of impoundments and diversion， inaccessible by road， its shorelines primitive and its water unpolluted. The Alagnak is the most popular fly-in fishery in southwest Alaska， and has experienced a significant increase in use over the last several years. The Alagnak Wild River protects populations of all five species of pacific salmon， was well as significant rainbow trout， arctic char， arctic grayling， and northern pike populations. The increasing sport fishery on the river is a topic of concern to many subsistence users and other local residents.

夏天是美国人旅游的好季节

Its summertime， and the livinis easy. For many Americans， this is the season to travel. Why？ Because school is out. Because the weather is great. And most of all， because we all deserve a break. When Americans take a break， they often head for their favorite vacation spot.

Throughout their history， Americans have been people on the move. The early immigrants had to travel to get to the New World. Once they arrived， they settled along the East Coast. But they werent content to stay there. Explorers and traders journeyed to the unknown western territories. Later， settlers moved west to develop these new areas. As a result of this westward migration， Americans eventually occupied the whole continent-from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even today， Americans seem unable to stay put. Research says that the average American moves every five years.

Besides their habit of changing addresses， Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work daily. Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide an annual vacation for their employees， and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states. Others go on low-budget weekend excursions and stay in economy motels. Those with more expensive tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals to adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles （RVs） to camp out in comfort， while others "rough it"by sleeping in tents.

Most Americans prefer to travel within their nations borders. Why？ For one thing， its cheaper than traveling abroad， and theres no language problem. But besides that， the vast American territory offers numerous tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches， mountains， canyons， lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. Major cities offer visitors a multitude of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways， railways and airplanes makes travel in America as easy as pie.

Many American vacations are as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with the kids in mind. More and more "family friendly"vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer "green vacations."These trips allow them to observe flora and fauna up-close without disturbing the sensitive balance of nature. Some people find sea cruises relaxing and refreshing. Others hit the water to go fishing， skiing or white-water rafting. Daring souls get the thrill of a lifetime on trekking expeditions and safaris in remote places from Africa to Asia.

Americans arent the only people in the world who travel. International business， mass communication and jet airplanes have created a world of globetrotters. People all over the world enjoy going abroad to travel. And no matter where they live， people enjoy visiting scenic spots in their own country. But being on the go makes Americans what they are： people on the move. In America， almost every-body is a tourist sometime.

夏天到了，生活很惬意。对很多美国人来说，这是个旅游的季节，为什么？因为学校放假，因为天气很好，但最重要的是，休个假是我们所应得的。美国人休假时经常会去他们最喜欢的渡假地点。

纵观整个历史，美国人一直是个迁移的民族。早期的移民者必须长途跋涉才能抵达新大陆，他们一到达就沿着东岸定居，但却不满于长居那地，冒险家和商人旅行至未知的西部地区。稍后，移民者也向西迁移去开发这些新地区。由于向西迁移，美国人最后占据了整块新大陆——从大西洋到太平洋。即使到今天，美国人似乎仍然无法在一地久居。根据研究，美国人平均每五年要搬一次家。

除了搬家的习惯以外，美国人也很习惯旅行。有些人每天上下班得做长距离的通勤，工作上甚至经常需要因公旅行。大部分的公司每年会提供年假给员工，人们通常会利用这段时间去旅行。有些人去远一点的别州拜访朋友或亲戚，有些则在周末有个经济的小假期，并住在花费不高的旅馆里。品味较昂贵的人选择豪华的渡假地点和饭店；绝佳的户外露营则吸引冒险型的人。有些人开着旅行车出游，以舒适的方式露营；有些人则睡帐篷尝试野外生活。

大部分美国人比较喜欢在国内旅游，为什么呢？其中一个原因是，国内旅游比国外旅游便宜，也没有语言不通的问题。但除此原因以外，占地极广的美国国土提供了许多能吸引游客的地点。爱好大自然的人可以到海滩、山上、峡谷、湖泊和很多大自然奇景地区游览。大城市也提供给游客们很多都市型态的娱乐。现代高速公路、铁路和飞机使得在美国旅行很容易。

很多美国假期非常特别，和参与此种假期的人一样特别。全家出游时通常会将孩子考虑在内，有愈来愈多「适合全家出游」的渡假地点为孩子提供特别的活动。对历史有兴趣的人会找一些著名的历史据点和博物馆。有环保意识的人喜欢「环保假期」，这样的旅行使他们能近距离观察动植物，并且不会扰乱了大自然敏感的生态平衡。有些人觉得海上旅游能使心情放松并感到清爽，有些人则到水边钓鱼、滑水或泛舟。胆子大的人到亚洲和非洲去探险狩猎作长途旅行，享受一辈子难得一次的刺激。

美国人不是世上唯一爱旅行的人。国际企业、大众传播与喷射机创造了一个环游世界者的世纪。全世界的人都喜欢到海外旅游，不管住在那里，人们都喜欢去造访自己国家内风景优美的地区。不过好动的本性使美国人变成今天的模样：成为爱迁移的人。在美国，几乎每个人都有旅游的经验。

美式食物：吃什么就成为什么样子

"You are what you eat."Nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating habits. What we put in our mouths does become a part of us. But we can look at this statement another way. What we eat reflects who we are——as people and as a culture. Do you want to understand another culture？ Then you ought to find out about its food. Learning about American food can give us a real taste of American culture.

What is "American food"？ At first you might think the answer is easy as pie. To many people， American food means hamburgers， hot dogs， fried chicken and pizza. If you have a "sweet tooth，"you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies. Its true that Americans do eat those things. But are those the only kind of vittles you can find in America？

Except for Thanksgiving turkey， its hard to find a typically "American"food. The United States is a land of immigrants. So Americans eat food from many different countries. When people move to America， they bring their cooking styles with them. Thats why you can find almost every kind of ethnic food in America. In some cases， Americans have adopted foods from other countries as favorites. Americans love Italian pizza， Mexican tacos and Chinese egg rolls. But the American version doesnt taste quite like the original！

As with any large country， the U.S.A has several distinct regions. Each region boasts its own special style of food. Visit the South and enjoy country-style cooking. Journey through Louisiana for some spicy Cajun cuisine. Take a trip to New England and sample savory seafood dishes. Travel through the Midwest， "the breadbasket of the nation，"for delicious baked goods. Cruise over to the Southwest and try some tasty Tex-Mex treats. Finish your food tour in the Pacific Northwest with some gourmet coffee.

Americans living at a fast pace often just "grab a quick bite."Fast food restaurants offer people on the run everything from fried chicken to fried rice. Microwave dinners and instant foods make cooking at home a snap. Of course， one of the most common quick American meals is a sandwich. If it can fit between two slices of bread， Americans probably make a sandwich out of it. Peanut butter and jelly is an all-time American favorite.

Americans on the go also tend to eat a lot of "junk food."Potato chips， candy bars， soft drinks and other goodies are popular treats. Many people eat too many of these unhealthy snacks. But others opt for more healthy eating habits. Some even go "all natural."They refuse to eat any food prepared with chemicals or additives.

American culture is a good illustration of the saying "you are what you eat."Americans represent a wide range of backgrounds and ways of thinking. The variety of foods enjoyed in the U.S. reflects the diversity of personal tastes. The food may be international or regional. Sometimes its fast， and sometimes its not so fast. It might be junk food， or maybe its natural food. In any case， the style is all-American.

"你吃什么就成为什么样子"营养专家经常使用这句话来倡导更好的饮食习惯，入嘴的东西确实成为我们的一部分。但我们也可以从另一个角度来看这句话，我们所吃的反映出我们自己——不论就人或文化而言。你想了解另一种文化吗？那么你应该去认识他们的食物。认识美国食物可以让我们得知美国文化的精髓。

何谓「美式食物」？乍听之下你可能认为答案容易得很。对许多人而言，美式食物就是汉堡、热狗、炸鸡和披萨。如果你是好吃甜食的人，你可能会想到苹果派或巧克力片饼干。美国人确实吃这些东西，但这些就是你在美国唯一找得到的食物吗？

除了感恩节火鸡以外，挺难找到典型的美国食物。美国是个移民之地，所以美国人吃的食物来自许多不同的国家，当人们移居美国，他们也将自己的烹调带了进来。那也就是为什么在美国你几乎可以看到所有不同民族的食物。在某些情况中，美国人把外国的食物视为最爱。美国人喜爱意大利的披萨，墨西哥的玉米饼和中国的春卷，但是这些东西的美国版味道却不很道地！

和许多大国一样，美国有数个截然不同的地区，每个地区都以自己特有的食物夸口。走访美国南部享受乡村式的烹调；到路易斯安纳州品尝辛辣的凯郡式料理；走一趟新英格兰试尝它美味的海鲜；再到中西部「美国的面包之乡」品尝可口的烘培食品；乘船游览至西南部尝试一些好吃的墨式德州小吃，最后到太平洋西北岸，啜饮美食家的咖啡，作为美食之旅的句点。

生活在快速步调之下的美国人通常只能「很快地吃几口」。快餐店提供赶时间的人各种食物，从炸鸡到炒饭，应有尽有。微波炉晚餐和实时餐点使得在家烧饭省事又快速。当然，最平常的美式速餐之一就是三明治。任何能夹在两片土司中间的东西，美国人就可以把它作成一份三明治，花生酱和果酱更是一直都深受美国人的喜爱。

忙碌的美国人也趋向于吃一大堆「垃圾食物」。洋芋片、糖果、汽水和其它好吃的东西都颇受欢迎。许多人吃了太多这类不健康的零嘴，但是其它人则选择较健康的饮食习惯，有些人甚至选择「全天然」的食物，他们拒绝吃任何有化学制品或添加物的食物。

美国文化是「你吃什么就成为什么样子」这句话的好写照。美国人代表了范围广泛的背景和想法。在美国可享受到的各式食物正反映出个人品味的多样化。这食物可能是国际性也可能是地区性的；有时是快餐，有时也不见得；它可能是垃圾食物，也可能是天然食品。然而无论如何，它们都是美式的。

[美国独特文化作文及翻译

Tree and Ax

Ilike to tell you a story today ,it is Tree and Ax:A woodman came into a

forest to ask the trees to give him a handle for Ax.It seemed so modest a

request that the principal tree at once agreed to it,and it was settled among

them that the plain,homely Ash should finish what was wanted.No sooner had the

woodman fitted the staff to his purpose,than he began laying about him on all

side.Felling the whole matter too late,whishpered to the Cedar:“the fist

concession has lost all;if we has not a sacrificed our humble neighbor,we might

have yet stood for ages ourselves”The story was a satire on ungrateful

people,and it also shows us that giving alms to the enemy is cruelty to

yourself

参考翻译

树和斧子

今天我要给你讲个故事，就是“树和斧子”：有一个樵夫到森林里，要求树给他一把斧柄，看来他的请求非常谦虚，立刻得到了树的首领的同意。他们决定由平凡而朴素的白杨树来提供所需要的东西。樵夫刚按好斧柄，就开始到处乱砍，森林里最高的树都被砍到了，森林现在察觉大势已去，就小声对杉树说：“第一次的让步已经失去了一切。如果我们不牺牲我们的小小邻居，我们还可以活无数年呢。”这故事讽刺了忘恩负义的人，也告诉我们对敌人的施舍就是对自己的残忍。

越王勾践卧薪尝胆的历史故事，已经是尽人皆知了。这个历史故事说的是：传说在春秋时期的一场战争中，吴国打败了越国，吴军把越王勾践包围在会稽山上，致使越王在走投无路的情况下忍辱求和。从那以后，越国成为吴国的臣国，并受控于吴国。越王勾践像奴隶一般在吴国宫中服役3年，后来吴王免去了勾践的罪，让他回国去了。为了不忘亡国之痛、报仇雪恨，勾践在屋顶上面吊了一个苦胆，无论是出是进、是坐是站，就连吃饭睡觉，也要尝一尝苦胆之味，用来激励自己的斗志;他还既不用床，也不用被褥，累了，便睡在硬柴堆砌的“床”上，以此锻炼自己的筋骨。越国最终灭了吴国，就是因为勾践这十多年的磨炼并实行了各种得力措施。

闻名于天下的不仅仅是越王勾践卧薪尝胆的故事，还有1965年12月出土于湖北省江陵望山的一号楚国贵族墓的越王勾践青铜剑。考古工作者在挖掘的时候发现在墓主人身体的左手边，有一柄装在黑色漆木箱鞘内的名贵青铜剑。青铜剑与剑鞘吻合得十分紧密。拔剑出鞘，寒光耀目，而且毫无锈蚀，刃薄锋利。试之以纸，20余层一划而破。剑全长为55.6厘米，其中剑身长45.6厘米，剑格宽5厘米。剑身满饰黑色菱形几何暗花纹，剑格正面和反面还分别用蓝色琉璃和绿松石镶嵌成美丽的纹饰，剑柄以丝绳缠缚，剑首向外形翻卷作圆箍，内铸有极其精细的11道同心圆。专家通过对剑身八个鸟篆铭文的解读，证明此剑就是传说中的越王勾践剑。

现代的击剑运动用的剑则与中国古代的宝剑有很大区别，它比的不是剑的锋利程度，而是用剑技巧。为了满足人们对击剑的爱好和需要，又不至于伤害生命，剑身一般较短，并且是呈菱形或长方形的钝头，分为重剑，花剑和佩剑三种。运动员穿戴击剑服装和护具，在击剑场上以一手持剑互相刺击，被先击中身体有效部位的一方，为被击中一剑。

July 14 20XX

It was the second day of our summer holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.

【参考翻译】

20XX年7月14日

这是我们的暑季假期的第二天。我感觉很好。我觉得我自由了。我有很多时间做我喜欢的事情。我的父母都在北京。所以，我独自生活，但我并不感到孤独。但我没有做一些特别的东西。我住在家里看电视。哦!我写了一份英文报章组成。这是我的功课。今天，我睡了14个小时。我以为我很疲惫。这是吃晚饭的时间。我必须去!我饿极了。

[我的功课英语作文及翻译

Its very important to keep healthy.

I think we should have healthy diet every day and eat proper food. We shouldnt eat junk food because it is bad for our health. Drink water and milk as often as possible. Milk is a great drink that can give us more calcium that make our bones much stronger.

Dont eat too much because it will make you uncomfortable and fat. Dont spend too much time watching TV, DVDs and Videos or using computers. Its good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding , swimming and so on. Follow these and you can be healthy.

保持健康是非常重要的。

我认为我们每天都应该有健康的饮食,吃适当的食物。我们不应该吃垃圾食品,因为它对我们的健康有害。尽可能多的喝水和牛奶。牛奶是一种伟大的饮料,可以给我们更多的钙,使我们的骨骼更强。

不要吃太多,因为它会让你不舒服和脂肪。别花太多时间看电视、dvd和视频或者使用电脑。很好多加锻炼,如篮球、骑自行车、游泳等等。遵循这些,你可以很健康。

汉书。卷三十一。陈胜项籍传：「方今江西皆反秦，此亦天亡秦时也。先发制人，后发制于人。」

秦二世时，陈胜、吴广揭竿起义，南方风起云涌，会稽郡代理郡守殷通对项梁说：「江西一代地方全反了，这正是上天要亡秦国的时刻。我听说：『先发动就能让别人受我控制，动作慢了就受人控制。』我准备起义，并且任命先生您与桓楚为将领。」

当时，桓楚藏匿在沼泽地带，项梁说：「桓楚逃匿，只有项羽知道他藏在哪里。」于是项梁出去吩咐项羽「如此如此」，再回室内对殷通说：「请你召见项羽，命令他去召回桓楚。」等到项羽进入，接受命令，才过一会儿，项梁示意项羽：「可以动手了。」

于是项羽拔剑斩下殷通的脑袋，项梁手中拎着郡守脑袋，腰配着郡守的印绶走出去，郡政府人员见状惊慌纷乱，项羽击杀数十百人，镇住了局面。

项梁召集他熟识的豪杰与吏士，告知他们要起义，募集兵马八千人，任命自己为会稽郡守，项羽为裨将，攻略附近县城。

锦衣夜行

【明慧学校】据《史记。卷七。项羽本纪》载，西楚霸王项羽率兵进入秦国首都咸阳后，屠杀城里的百姓，杀害已经投降的秦王子婴，并且放火烧掉宫殿，然后带着到处搜括而来的财货、珍宝和妇女要回故乡去。

这时有人跟项羽建议：「关中这个地方，山河四面围绕，是天然屏障，土地肥沃丰饶，首都建在这里可以称霸中原。」项羽看到秦宫殿都已经烧毁，心里又想念故乡，就回答说：「人富贵了不回故乡，就好像晚上穿着漂亮的衣服外出，谁看得到？」

沐猴而冠

那个人背地里对人说：「听说项羽这个人，就像个性急躁的猕猴学人穿戴冠帽，没有远见成不了大事，现在看来果然是真的。」结果话传到项羽的耳里，就把那个人捉来烹煮。

后来「沐猴而冠」被用来指性情急躁的猕猴学人穿戴冠帽。亦用来比喻人虚有其表，却不脱粗鄙的本质，没有远见。除此之外，古来对这句成语另有一解，认为因为猕猴性子急躁，不能若人久着冠带，用来比喻人的性情急躁。

马上得天下，岂可马上治天下

汉高祖刘邦击败了项羽，在长安登基做了皇帝，即是历史上创建汉朝四百年天下的第一位开国君主汉高祖。汉高祖即位之初，功臣战将遍布朝廷，使朝廷纷纷扰扰毫无秩序，汉高祖真的不知道怎么来统治这个国家。当时有个儒生叫做陆贾对汉高祖说：「你马上得天下，岂可马上治天下？」这个话让汉高祖非常震惊，便接受了陆贾的意见。于是汉高祖设法重用一些文士而不重用武将来治理国家，所以做了丞相的人不是那位立了第一战功的韩信，而是文士萧何。从此以后，历代的开国君主莫不以「马上得天下，岂可马上治天下」做为座右铭。

负米养亲，是一个成语典故，选自《二十四孝》，讲述了一个子路为了赡养父母双亲，常常到百里以外的地方背回米来，尽到自己的孝心的故事。不妨看看历史典故。以下仅供参考！

【出处】《孔子家语·致思》。

【释义】借米以赡养父母，形容人非常孝顺。

【历史典故】

子路，春秋末年鲁国人。在孔子的弟子中以政事著称，是孔子的得意弟子，性格直率勇敢，十分孝顺。但子路小的时候家里很穷，长年靠吃粗粮野菜等度日。有一次，年老的父母想吃米饭，可是家里一点米也没有，怎么办？子路想到要是翻过几道山到亲戚家借点米，不就可以满足父母的要求了吗？于是，小小的子路翻山越岭走了十几里路，从亲戚家背回了一小袋米，看到父母吃上了香喷喷的米饭，子路忘记了疲劳。邻居们都夸子路是一个勇敢孝顺的好孩子。

父母去世以后，于路南游到楚国。楚王非常敬佩他的学问和人品，给子路加封到拥有百辆车马的官位。家中积余下来的粮食达到万石之多。坐在垒叠的锦褥上，吃着丰盛的筵席，子路常常怀念双亲，感叹说：“真希望再同以前一样生活，吃藜藿等野菜，到百里之外的地方背回米来赡养父母双亲，可惜没有办法如愿以偿了。”孔子赞扬他说：“你侍奉父母，可以说是生时尽力，死后思念哪！”

【成长心语】

“树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不待”，这是皋鱼在父母死后发出的叹息。这与子路的心态不谋而合。尽孝并不是用物质来衡量的，而是要看你对父母是不是发自内心的诚敬。我们能孝敬父母、孝养父母的时间一日一日地递减。如果不能及时行孝，会徒留终身的遗憾。孝养要及时，不要等到追悔莫及的时候，才思亲、痛亲之不在。然而，今天的很多孩子缺乏尊重父母、尊重长辈的美德，他们以自我为中心，自私自利。想想看，一个连父母都不尊重的孩子，他怎么能算一个好孩子？他怎么能算一个好学生？长大后，他怎么能尊重老人、赡养老人？怎么能担负起家庭和社会的重任？“生时尽力、死后思念”，子路为我们做出了最好的榜样。

[历史典故：负米养亲

Thurs. ,Feb. 7 Fine

2月7日 星期四 晴

Lucky money

红包

Im so happy today because I got RMB 3,000 in "Lucky Money. "Grandpa alone gave me RMB 1,000. I must try to save this for college though and not waste it. But I think Ill allow myself to use part of it to buy a new dress tomorrow and then Ill put the rest un the bank.

今天我很高兴，因为我拿了三千元的红包。 祖父一个人就给了我一千元。 我必须尽量存起来以后作上大学之用而不去花掉。 不过我想我会让自己明天用一部分钱去买一件新衣服，然后将其他的钱存到银行里去。

The first year of the year is a happy holiday for every child. Of course, I am no exception.

Today, my father and mother took me back to the countryside to go back to the country and come back to the countryside. New clothes are all wearing beautiful, a tight uncle home, hung around the festive decorations, so I hastened to di Ershen said: "I wish happy new year, uncle Ershen congratulation!" "Darling, give you a big red ershen." I took the red bag, the red bag full and full, I think: there must be a lot of money. My heart is like eating sugar.

After lunch, I went out to "make money". Walk, walk, gee, isnt that three aunts? So I walked up to the three aunts and said, "Happy New Year!" The three aunts listened, laughed and gave me a red bag, and I saw it so effective. Then, I repeat those actions... Well, at the time of dinner, I was tired of calling my mouth, but I saw my deep pocket, and my eyes were shining. Although there are so much money, but I will never waste a tiny bit. Suddenly, a burst of firecrackers disturbed my thoughts, the original is a group of friends in the small firecrackers, ah, I really miss the childhood friends together and jubilant firecrackers at ah, then, one day the whole week I happy to firecrackers, a time gone.

After dinner, both my parents and I went home, looking forward to the good tomorrow.

导读：姽婳将军：明朝末年人。林四娘原本是秦淮歌妓，后又成了衡王朱常庶的宠妃，虽然平生只参加过一次战争，却因此而被人们称为“姽婳将军”。下面是小编为大家搜索整理的历史典故，欢迎参考阅读!希望能给大家带来帮助!

《红楼梦》第七十八回中，贾政讲述了“姽婳将军”林四娘的故事。当年一位恒王出镇青州，他“好武兼好色”，令一班美女习战斗攻拔之事，其中林四娘“姿色既冠，武艺更精”，恒王让林四娘统辖诸位美女，称为“姽婳将军”。

当然了，这位恒王是一个真正的“须眉浊物”兼草包，竟被“流贼”杀死。文武官员纷纷要献城，“不期忠义明闺阁”，林四娘带领众美女夜袭贼营，力战不支，殉王报国……有人考证，曹雪芹并非杜撰，历史上确有其人其事。林四娘是明末崇祯年间的秦淮歌妓，后成为衡王朱常庶的宠妃，平生只参加过一次战斗，在战斗中香消玉殒，被人们称为“姽婳将军”。

到了清代，蒲松龄还把林四娘写进了《聊斋志异》。

此事的考证是否可靠不得而知，但是历史上层出不穷的“姽婳将军”却是一个不争的事实。她们不爱红装爱武装，不系明珠系宝刀，艳李浓桃临战场，让婀娜和娇媚在刀光剑影里亮丽着。她们上马杀敌，就是将军;下马后娴静美好，是为“姽婳”，称之为“姽婳将军”，用《红楼梦》中的说法，是“妙极神奇，更觉妩媚风流”。

我国有文字记载的第一位“姽婳将军”是妇好，她是商王武丁的妻子。甲骨文中有关她的记载有二百多条，她曾率领一万多人的军队去攻打前来侵略的鬼方，并大胜而归，因功勋卓着而深得国民的爱戴。

后来，她的墓中出土了带有“妇好”铭文的“钺”，是妇好生前曾使用过的武器，重八点五公斤。另一件虎纹铜钺重九公斤。妇好使用如此重的兵器，可见她武艺超群，力大过人。

在历史中，虽然这些巾帼英雄不让须眉，屡立功勋，但正式被皇帝册封，列入国家编制的女将军只有一位，她就是明末的女帅秦良玉，她也是中国历史上唯一封侯的女将军。

秦良玉是一位苗族姑娘，她骁勇善战，足智多谋，自幼从父习文练武，善骑射，通诗文，战功卓着。她统帅的“白杆兵”更是威名远扬，这也是她自己独有的一支部队。

崇祯二年十二月，清兵绕道喜峰口，直抵北京城下。崇祯皇帝匆忙下诏征调天下兵马勤王。秦良玉闻讯，火速“出家财济饷”，率“白杆兵”兼程北上。当时各地赶来的十余万官军互相观望，畏缩不前。唯独秦良玉率先奋勇出击，收复永平、遵化等四城，解除了清兵对北京的威胁。

为此，崇祯皇帝召见了富有传奇色彩的女将军秦良玉，封其为一品夫人，充总兵官，加封少保。崇祯感慨万千，写下四首诗赐给了秦良玉，夸赞她的功绩。其中“世间多少奇男子，谁肯沙场万里行”这一句是非常值得体味的。在国家危在旦夕的时候，崇祯皇帝对男人们也许是不抱什么希望的，他们是靠不住的。明末的男人们也用实际行动证明了这一点。

王羲之吃墨

朋友，你知道王羲之吗？王羲之是东晋时期著名的书法家，有“书圣”之称，他写过很多作品，最有名的是《兰亭集序》，他的儿子王献之也是书法家，世人把他们合称“二王”。但是你知道王羲之还吃过墨吗？下面就听我娓娓道来吧！

一天中午，王羲之在练书法，书童端来了午饭，并催促王羲之趁热快点吃。

但是王羲之因为在练字，像是没听见似的，继续练字。书童没办法，只好请王羲之的妈妈过来喊他吃饭。

当王羲之的妈妈过来，看到满嘴黑漆漆的王羲之，很奇怪。又看他仍然手拿馒头，往墨水里沾了沾，看都不看直接送到嘴里，这时妈妈才知道王羲之吃墨了，顿时忍不住大笑起来，而王羲之看到妈妈哈哈大笑的样子，却不以为然的对妈妈说：“妈妈，今天的午饭真好吃呀！弄得妈妈哭笑不得。

王羲之看着哈哈大笑的妈妈，又看看自己手上剩下的馒头，也跟着笑了起来。

我平时总是大大咧咧，做事三心二意，写字时要不就给一个笔画来个隐身术，要不就是把字写成“甲骨文”。

当我看完王羲之的故事，我觉得我应该学习王羲之专心致志的精神。以后我可千万不能这样，必须认认真真的做每一件事。

I am a shy boy.I speak less than other students in my class.“On the contrary”,my best friend is much more outgoing than me.He plays basketball better than many students in our class.He is one year older than me.We both like to watch Harry Potter.We often talks about Harry who has a more special life than other boy.I often imagine if  could have more magic than other people.My friend laughs at me.

我是一个比较害羞的男孩，我在我们班级里说话比较少的。相反的，我最好的朋友要比我外向很多，他打篮球比其他同学要好。他比我大一岁，我们都喜欢看哈利波特，我们经常讨论哈利是一个拥有特殊生活的男孩子。我常常会想，如果我也有会魔法就好了，我的朋友因此而笑我。

It is quite usual that one meets failures, for ones life can never be

plain sailing. However, different people hold different attitudes towards

failure. Some people think it a heavy blow to fail in achieving something and

they can not endure failure. When they meet failure, they will be seriously

dejected and can never pluck up their courage to try again.

遇到失败这是很平常，因为人的生命不可能一帆风顺。然而，不同的人对失败持有不同的态度。获取某些东西失败对有些人来说是一个沉重的打击，他们不能承受失败。当他们失败，他们将非常的沮丧并且不能鼓起勇气再试一次。

However, others think it natural to meet failures in ones career.

Therefore, they are psychologically prepared. When they meet failures, they will

not be frustrated. Instead, they will continue to meet new challenges. As to me,

Im in favor of the latter view. Failure is really a terrible thing but it is

also the mother of success. If one draws lessons from failures, in most cases he

will get success in the future. Furthermore, ones life can never be smooth

sailing; it must be full of difficulies and setbacks. If one is daunted by

difficulies and frustrations, he will always be a failure. However, if one holds

a positive attitude toward failure, he will overcome difficulties and

frustrations to win victory.

然而，其他人认为，在自己的职业生涯中的败是很自然的。因此，他们的心理有所准备。当他们遇到失败，他们不会失意。相反，他们将继续迎接新的挑战。就我而言，我赞成后一种观点。失败是一个可怕的事情，但它是成功之母。如果一个灵感来自失败的教训，在大多数情况下，他将在未来获得成功。此外，一个人的生活永远不会是一帆风顺的;它必须是充满困难和挫折。如果一个人被困难和挫折吓倒，他将永远是一个失败者。然而，如果耸对失败持有积极的态度，他将克服困难和挫折，赢得胜利。

说起中国的文化，那一定是博大精深、悠远流长。中国古代文学更是名家辈出，灿若星河。在这些文学作品中诞生了不少名人趣事、名诗佳话，而其背后的典故却鲜有人知。今天小编就为大家说说这五大文学典故中你或许不知道的故事。

01破镜重圆

相传南朝陈太子舍人徐德言，其妻为陈后主的妹妹乐昌公主。因见天下大乱，国亡无日。恐一旦亡国，离乱之际，夫妻失散，遂破铜镜为二，夫妻各执一半，相约他年正月十五日卖镜于都市以谋晤合。

未几，陈果为隋所灭。公主被隋朝重臣越国公杨素所获，极受恩宠。德言在约定的日期至京城，遇一仆在街头叫卖破镜，正与自己藏的半边契合，就题诗道：“镜与人俱去，镜归人不归。无复嫦娥影，空留明月辉。”公主见诗，悲泣不食。杨素知情后，大为感动，终于让他们夫妇团聚。后因以“破镜重圆”喻夫妻离散后重新团圆。

02倾国倾城

汉武帝时，协律都尉李延年，曾在武帝前作歌道：“北方有佳人，绝世而独立。一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。宁不知倾城与倾国，佳人难再得。”武帝无限神往，叹息良久曰：“世岂有此人乎?”

平阳公主进言，谓李延年有妹，姿容绝代，妙丽善舞。武帝召见，纳入后宫，即后来深受宠幸的李夫人。这便是“倾国倾城”的由来。

03人面桃花

唐诗人崔护，资质甚美，清明独游长安南庄，至一村户，见花木丛萃，寂无人声。因渴极，叩门求浆。良久始有一女子应门，捧杯水让坐。女子独倚庭前桃花，姿态楚楚动人；凝睇相对，似有无限深情。

崔护以言挑之，不应。彼此注目久之。崔辞行，女子送至门，如不胜情而入。

次年清明，崔护追忆此事，情不可邂，又往探访，唯见门院如故，扁锁无人，惆怅之余，乃题诗于门扉曰：“去年今日此门中，人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风。”

后代诗文中常以“人面桃花”喻男子邂逅一女子，别后不复再见，从而追念旧事的惆怅心情。

04两小无猜

李白《长干行》“郎骑竹马来，绕床弄青梅。同居长干里，两小无嫌猜”，形容少男少女天真无邪，亲昵嬉戏的情状。又以“两小无猜”比喻幼you男幼you女天真纯洁，彼此相处融洽。如《聊斋志异·江城》：“翁有女，小字江城，与生同甲，时皆八九岁，两小无猜，日共嬉戏。”

05镜花水月

镜中花，水中月，世人常以喻虚幻不可求得之物，但诗家常用以比喻朦胧空灵的意境。如南宋严羽以佛论诗，主张妙悟，他说：“故其妙处，透彻玲珑，不可凑泊，如空中之音，相中之色，水中之月，镜中之象，言有尽而意无穷。”

明代谢臻论诗云：“诗有可解不可解，不必解，若水月镜花，勿泥其迹可也。”

后人多以“镜花水月”比喻诗歌中不可言传的妙境。

在了解了这些文学典故背后的故事，你是不是对我国古典文学又平添了一分兴趣和自豪呢？

自强不息厚德载物——清华大学校训解释：来源于《周易》的两句话：一句是“天行健，君子以自强不息”(乾卦);一句是“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”(坤卦)。民国时期，梁启超在清华大学任教时，曾给当时的清华学子作了《论君子》的演讲，他在演讲中希望清华学子们都能继承中华传统美德，并引用了《易经》上的“自强不息”“厚德载物”等话语来激励清华学子。此后，清华人便把“自强不息，厚德载物”8个字写进了清华校规，后来又逐渐演变成为清华校训。

“天行健，君子以自强不息”“地势坤，君子以厚德载物”两句意谓：天(即自然)的运动刚强劲健，相应于此，君子处世，应像天一样，自我力求进步，刚毅坚卓，发愤图强，永不停息;大地的气势厚实和顺，君子应增厚美德，容载万物。译为：君子应该像天宇一样运行不息，即使颠沛流离，也不屈不挠;如果你是君子，接物度量要像大地一样，没有任何东西不能承载。(两千年来，知者多，能解者少。然而，在学术界仍有不同的解释，目前，似乎还没有公认的正确训解。)

著名哲学家、哲学史家、国学大师，北京大学哲学系教授张岱年先生把中华民族精神概括为“自强不息”“厚德载物”。作为“高山仰止，景行行止”的国学大师，他终生勤勉，致思学问，造福祖国的文化学术事业，堪称一代学人楷模。

战国时，有一年秦王派大将王稽攻打赵国的都城邯郸，一连攻了十七个月，也攻不下城池。

王稽非常烦恼，有个名叫庄的人向王稽献计说：“你如果犒赏部下，就可以鼓舞他们的斗志，邯郸攻破是有希望的。”

王稽不耐烦地说：“我是统帅，只知道服从国王的命令，别的事情管不了那么多。”

庄并没有被王稽的不耐烦而吓退，他继续说道：“你这样讲不太对。即使是父亲给儿子下命令，有的可行，有的就不可行。……我看你一味媚上欺下，独断专行，轻视士兵已经很久了。我听说，假如有三个人谎称老虎来了，那么听的人就会信以为真;如果有十个人合力弯一个木槌，就能把木槌弄弯;如果大家都口传消息，要求你改变指挥方法，这消息没有翅膀也会飞得很远。这说明众部下的力量是巨大的。因此，你还是赏赐一下你的将士们吧!”

可是，王稽还是听不进庄的意见。

几天之后秦军果然发生叛乱，严重地影响了战事的顺利进行，秦王很是恼怒，就把王稽处死了。

不翼而飞这个成语较多形容东西突然不见了，看完今天的故事后大家知道它的另一层含义了吗?它也可以比喻事情传播得很迅速。

故事中的王稽不听信士兵庄的建议，奖励士兵们这个消息传播的很快，几天后秦军发生叛乱，严重影响战事的顺利进行，最后秦王恼羞成怒处死了王稽。

这个成语教育小朋友们，要争做一个好孩子，这样佳名以飞快的速度传播出去，大家都会喜欢并且尊重你的。

Today is "51" international labor day, TV shows are labor the most glorious. I think I should do something to help my mother.There were so many mother to do!Mother bought a bunch of strawberry need to wash, I say: "mother, I come." Mother put the strawberries to me. First I put strawberries in the dish and a basin of water, then put in the strawberry. I pass my hands rub each strawberry seriously again. After washing I check again, I have seen some wash not clean, wash it again, finally clean strawberry. I put strawberries in the tray, complete! Should try some of my work achievement, ah, how sweet!I swept the ground again again, wipe the table clean, I want to do things done. Wrong, and needs washing bowl, I pour the water into the bowl, with a loofah cloth one by one carefully wash, and then a cloth to wipe his bowl again, really clean.Today I am very tired, but I am very happy, because I will do the housework.

今天是国际“五一”劳动节，电视节目都在宣传劳动最光荣。我想我也应该帮妈妈做点事情。 妈妈要做的事可真多！ 妈妈买了一堆草莓需要洗，我说：“妈妈，我来吧。”妈妈把草莓交给了我。我先把草莓放进盘子里，又接了一盆水，再把草莓放进去。我用手把每一个草莓认真搓了一遍。洗后我又检查一下，我见有的洗的不干净，就又洗了一次，终于草莓洗干净了。我把草莓放到盘子里，完成！该尝尝我的劳动成果了，啊，真甜！ 我又把地扫了一遍，把桌子擦的干干净净，我想该干的事都干了吧。不对，还有碗需要洗，我把水倒进盆里，用丝瓜布一个一个仔细地洗了洗，然后用布把碗擦了一遍，真干净。 今天我很累，但是我很快乐，因为我会做家务了。

[5.1劳动节英语作文及翻译

从古至今，历史典故可谓不胜枚举，其中蕴含着的意义更是千姿百态。从这些历史故事中，我们可以品味中国博大精深的古典文化。下面是小编整理的有趣的历史典故，希望对你有帮助！

1、面上草稿

北宋时有个叫陆东的，在苏州做官。某次断案，他判一个犯人流放，当时流放是要在脸上刺字的。陆东让人在犯人脸上刺上“特刺配某州牢城”几个字。刺完了，手下一个幕僚说，大人不对啊，不能用“特”这个字。但凡用这个字的都是朝廷一时旨意，这个犯人只是流放罪不能用这个字。陆东一听，赶紧叫人把那犯人又拉回来，把“特刺”二字划掉，改成“准条”，重新刺字。估计这犯人得是有一张高晓松式是大脸，不然恐怕刺不下这么多字。陆东给犯人刺字刺两回这事在当时广为流传，没少被人笑话。后来有人向上推荐陆东，说这个人有才干，应该升官。上面人说，哦，这人啊。我知道，不就是那个在人脸上打草稿的家伙吗。

2、八将军

滕王李元婴做隆州刺史的时候经常违法乱纪，属下裴聿直言劝谏，惹得李元婴大怒，让左右暴打他。后来裴聿上京，便将此事告诉了皇帝。皇帝问裴聿，滕王他打了你几下？裴聿说前后一共八下，皇帝听了立马令裴聿官升八级。裴聿回去后跟人诉苦说，我命可真不好，我要是当初说打了九下，现在就是五品官了。此事在当时曾传为笑谈，人送外号“八将军”。

3、杯酒杀三人

南朝梁人张缵，有才学且颇为自负。某次邵陵王萧纶请他喝酒，当时萧纶手下有个名士叫吴规，在当地也是小有名气的人物。这张缵不知道怎么了，就看吴规不顺眼，看见酒席上吴规也在座就不服。举杯就说：“吴规，这杯酒敬你，祝贺你也够资格在今天这宴上喝酒。”把吴规气的够呛，吴规的儿子吴翁孺看父亲被人这么奚落更生气，当晚就气死了。吴规又恨张缵讽刺自己又心疼儿子的死，悲愤交加，也死了。吴规的老婆看老公和儿子相继去世，也悲伤过度，跟着就去了。时人皆称：“张缵一杯酒，杀吴氏三人。”

4、百赢赌咒

唐人段成式在其著作《酉阳杂俎》中记载了一条咒语，据说念满一万遍，就能让打出去的骰子随意而动，赌钱百赌百赢。有个姓赵的小子信了，但是他懒，只念了一千遍，心想这也能勉强算个小胜吧。结果出去赌钱，输得干干净净。所以说，这个故事告诉我们一个道理：做事一定要认真，不能偷懒存侥幸心理。说了让念一万遍就得念一万遍，只念一千遍不输才怪呢。最后把咒语附赠给大家，特别简单，包教包会。就是八个字：伊谛弥谛，弥揭罗谛。大家闲着没事的时候多念念，这都是古人传下来的智慧，万一将来发财了呢。

5、抬旗与出旗

抬旗是清朝一项褒奖政策，对于立功的人，如果是汉人包衣，可升为汉八旗。若是汉八旗，可变为满八旗。若是下五旗，也有可能提为上三旗。就是将身份提高一级，这叫做“抬旗”。而“出旗”这项“福利”措施则是只针对于汉八旗的。乾隆七年曾发布一条诏令，允许汉八旗的旗人“自愿”出旗为民，因为旗人是不许自己出去找工作，只能白吃皇粮的，怕耽误了有学问有手艺的汉人发家致富迈向成功，所以允许他们出旗。诏书写的冠冕堂皇，实际上就是不想再白养着这些人吃干饭，让他们“出旗”以减轻政府的财政负担。乾隆七年发布的这条允许出旗的诏令还算比较委婉的。过了十几年，到了乾隆二十三年，又发布了一条诏令，这次可就不那么客气了。直接昭告：“八旗汉军年老残疾不能当差，以及差使平常不堪教养者，俱令为民。”上次还允许“自愿”，这回连“自愿”都不行了，直接采取强制性措施。大批汉八旗自此被扫地出门，自谋职业发家致富迈向成功去喽。

6、蕉鹿自欺

有个郑国人，某天在野外砍柴。看到一只受伤的鹿跑过来，他就冲上去把鹿打死了。之后他怕被人发现，就把死鹿藏在一个大坑里，上面盖上蕉（即?麻）。等到他砍完了柴，想要回家的时候，却怎么也找不到那只鹿了。寻觅无果，最后他告诉自己，今天我根本没看见过什么鹿，这都是我做的梦吧。后来蕉鹿自欺演变成一个典故，比喻自己欺骗自己，把真实发生过的事情反倒当做虚幻的存在。

7、妒妇津

传说，晋朝时有一人叫刘伯玉，他老婆段式善妒。刘伯玉喜欢吟诵《洛神赋》，某天随口说了一句：要能娶到这样的女子就好了。他老婆听了很生气，说既然你喜欢水神不喜欢我，那我也死后做水神。当晚段式就投水自杀了，七天后托梦给刘伯玉，刘伯玉此后再不敢渡水。从那以后，凡是在那条河渡水的女子都得把妆卸了，打扮漂亮的女子必然遭风浪袭击，后人便将此地称为“妒妇津”。而这个故事里最让我感概的是这句话，“丑妇虽妆饬而渡，其神亦不妒也。”长得丑你就连被妒忌的资格都没有，好心疼这样安全的女子。

8、郑公风

东汉人郑弘，年轻的时候去山里砍柴，捡到一只装饰的非常漂亮的箭。过了一会有人来寻，他就还给了人家。这个寻箭的不是个一般人，郑弘一眼就看出来了。所以他归还这支箭的同时就跟那个神人说，若邪溪这个地方打柴不容易，来去都是顶风，不好走。我希望以后可以早晨刮南风，晚上刮北风，这样就方便多了。后来此地风向果然如他所求，当地百姓都称之为“郑公风”。

9、罗钳吉网

李林甫掌权时期，为了打击异己，曾任用过两位酷吏：罗希?、吉温。这两个人就是李林甫的爪牙，只要落到他俩手里必然凶多吉少，就像被钳子夹住或是落进网里一样，故时人称之为“罗钳吉网”。后来演变为一个成语，指酷吏朋比为奸，陷害无辜。

10、青钱学士

唐人张?，以文章著称。时任水部员外郎的员半千称赞他有如成色最好的青铜钱，万选万中，他也因此在士林中有了“青钱学士”的雅称。这个雅号后来演变为一个典故，比喻有才学的人。有成语“青钱万选”（也写作万选青钱）比喻文采出众。