中华成语故事胸有成竹汇集20篇

晋代的是个、具有远大抱负的人。可他小时候却是个不爱读书的淘气孩子。进入青年时代，他意识到自己知识的贫乏，深感不读书无以报效国家，于是就发奋读起书来。他广泛阅读书籍，认真学习历史，于是就发奋读起书来。他广泛阅读书籍，认真学习历史，从中汲取了丰富的知识，学问大有长进。他曾几次进出京都洛阳，接触过他的人都说，是个能辅佐帝王治理国家的人才。24岁的时候，曾有人推荐他去做官司，他没有答应，仍然不懈地努力读书。

后来，祖逖和幼时的好友刘琨一志担任司州主簿。他与刘琨感情深厚，不仅常常同床而卧，同被而眠，而且还有着共同的远大理想：建功立业，复兴晋国，成为国家的栋梁之才。

一次，半夜里祖逖在睡梦中听到公鸡的鸣叫声，他一脚把刘琨踢醒，对他说：“别人都认为半夜听见鸡叫不吉利，我偏不这样想，咱们干脆以后听见鸡叫就起床练剑如何？”刘琨欣然同意。于是他们每天鸡叫后就起床练剑，剑光飞舞，剑声铿锵。春去冬来，寒来暑往，从不间断。，经过长期的刻苦学习和训练，他们终于成为能文能武的全才，既能写得一手好文章，又能带兵打胜仗。祖逖被封为镇西将军，实现了他报效国家的愿望；刘琨做了都督，兼管并、冀、幽三州的军事，也充分发挥了他的文才武略。

【注音】dào lù yǐ mù

【成语故事】周厉王时期，由于他的残暴统治，民怨沸腾，有人当众指责周厉王，邵公对周厉王说民不堪命。周厉王大怒，派卫巫去监督那些说他坏话的人，发现有就立即杀头。后来百姓慑于暴政的威力，在路上相见不敢交谈，只好用交换眼色来交谈。

【出处】国人莫敢言，道路以目。

《国语·周语上》

【解释】在路上遇到不敢交谈，只是以目示意。形容人民对残暴统治的憎恨和恐惧。

【用法】作谓语、定语;用于时局等

【相近词】缄口不言、三缄其口

【反义词】畅所欲言、敢说敢做

【成语示列】此后要防的是“道路以目”了，我们等待着遮眼文学吧。

鲁迅《伪自由书·止哭文学》

出处：《战国策·齐策》齐王乃下令：“群臣吏民，能而刺寡人之过者，受上赏;上书谏寡人者，受中赏;能谤讥子市朝，闯寡人之开者，受下赏。”令初下，群臣进豫，门庭若市。

释义：门口和庭院里热闹得集市一样。形容来的人多。

故事：战国时，齐国的相国邹忌，身材高大容貌端庄。他为劝说齐威王放开言路，鼓励群臣进谏，就给齐威王讲了这样一个故事：

一天早晨，他穿好朝服．戴好帽子，对着镜子端详一番，然后问他的妻子说：“我和城北徐公比较起来，谁长得英俊。“你英俊极了，徐公怎么比得上你呢？”妻子说。

徐公是齐国出名的美男子，邹忌听了妻子的活，并不太敢相信自己真的比徐公英俊，于是他又去问他的爱妾，爱妾回答说：“徐公怎能比得上你呢？”

第二天，邹忌家中来了一位客人，邹忌又问了客人，客人说：“徐公哪有你这样俊美呢？”过了几天，正巧徐公到邹忌家来拜访，邹忌便乘机仔细地打量徐公，拿他和自己比较。结果，他发现自己实在没有徐公漂亮。

于是，他对齐威王说：“我本来不如徐公漂亮，但妻、妾、客人都说我比他漂亮，这是因为妻偏护我，妾畏惧我，客人有事求我，所以他们都恭维我，不说真话。而我们齐国地方这么大，宫中上下，谁不偏护你，满朝文武，谁不畏惧你，全国百姓谁不希望得到你的关怀，看来恭维你的人一定更多，你一定被蒙蔽得非常严重了！”邹忌又劝谏说：“现在齐国地方千里，城池众多，大王接触的人也比我多得多，所受的蒙蔽也一定更多。大王如能开诚布公地征求意见，一定对国家有益。”齐威王听了，觉得很有道理，立刻下令说“无论是谁，能当面指出我过失的，给上赏;上奏章规劝我的，给中赏;在朝廷或街市中议论我的过失，并传到我耳中的，给下赏！”命令一下，群臣前去进谏的，一时川流不息，朝廷门口每天像市场一样热闹。

春秋时，晋国大夫阳处父出使到魏国去，回来路过宁邑，住 在一家客店里。店主姓赢，看见阳处父相貌堂堂，举止不凡，十分钦佩，悄悄对妻子说：“我早想投奔一位品德高尚的人，可是多少 年来，随时留心，都没找到一个合意的。今天我看阳处父这个人不错，我决心跟他去了。” 店主得到阳处父的同意，离别妻子，跟着他走了。一路上，阳处 父同店主东拉西扯，不知谈些什么。店主一边走，一边听。刚刚走出 宁邑县境，店主改变了主意，和阳处父分手了。店主的妻子见丈夫突 然折回，心中不明，问道。 “你好不容易遇到这么个人，怎么不服他去呢?你不是决心很大 吗?家里的事你尽管放心好了。” “我看到他长得一表人才，以为他可以信赖，谁知听了他的言论 却感到非常讨厌。我怕跟他一去，没有得到教育，反倒遭受祸害，所 以打消了原来的主意。”店主说。 这阳处父，在店主的心目中，就是个“华而不实”的人。 所以，店主毅然地离开了他。

【释读】华：开花。花开得好看，但不结果实。比喻外表好看，内容空虚。

【出处】】：《晏子春秋·外篇·不合经术者》：“东海之中，有水而赤，其中有枣，华而不实，何也。”《左传·文公五年》：“且华而不实，怨之所聚也。”

成语名称：黄狸黑狸，得鼠者雄

成语拼音：huáng lí hēi lí，dé shǔ zh

成语用法：作宾语、定语、分句；指取得好效果的方法。

实用性：生僻

感情色彩：中性词

成语结构：复句式

成语年代：近代

成语解释：狸：山猫；雄：强有力的。比喻不管用什么方法，只要有好的效果就是好方法。

成语来源：清·蒲松龄《聊斋志异·秀才驱怪》：“异史氏曰：‘黄狸黑狸，得鼠者雄。’此非空言也。”

成语造句：黄狸黑狸，得鼠者雄演化为现代的白猫黑猫论。

黄狸黑狸，得鼠者雄的成语故事

清朝时期，徐秀才不愿为清廷服务，就改学道术为人驱鬼，一个朝廷大员请他驱鬼，好酒好菜侍侯，闭口不谈驱鬼事情。晚上一头兽头人身的怪物来舔食剩菜剩饭。徐秀才吓得拼命狂叫吓跑了那怪物，后来再也没发现了，人们感叹：“黄狸黑狸，得鼠者雄。

黄字开头的成语

黄粱梦    黄狸黑狸    黄耳寄书    黄粱一梦    黄绢幼妇    黄粱美梦    黄羊任人    黄公好谦

包含有黄字的成语

黄粱美梦    黄绢幼妇    黄粱一梦    黄耳寄书    黄狸黑狸    黄粱梦    周瑜打黄    骊黄牝牡    螳螂捕蝉    梦熟黄粱

【注音】tán hé róng yì

【成语故事】西汉时期，常侍郎东方朔极力反对汉武帝划上林苑，提出耕战强国的建议，没有被采纳。他只好写《非有先生论》，虚构故事：非有先生在吴国做官三年，从不发表政见，吴王纳闷。他列举关龙逢及比干等进言被杀，臣下向君上进言真不容易。

【出处】於戏！可乎哉？可乎哉？谈何容易。 汉·东方朔《非有先生论》於戏！可乎哉？可乎哉？谈何容易。 《汉书·东方朔传》

【解释】原指臣下向君主进言很不容易。后指事情做起来并不象说的那样简单。

【用法】作谓语；形容问题复杂

【相近词】来之不易

【相反词】一挥而就、轻而易举

【英文】beeasiersaidthandone

【成语示列】

◎ 像这种勇猛改过的精神，刻苦精勤终身不懈的毅力，真有雷霆万钧之势，若无豪杰过人之节，真是谈何容易？

◎ 然而，对于这个刚刚从半殖民地、半封建的沼泽地走出的东方大国来说，解决几万万同胞的温饱问题谈何容易？

◎ 然而，这种保护谈何容易，因为雄性隆头鱼除了担负巡逻其边界的任务外，还必须时时守护在它的＂妻妾＂周围。

◎ 可是，全灌区有千百户人家，几百口塘坝，几千亩水田，谈何容易。

◎ 消灭地震灾害谈何容易，总之得有一个过程嘛。＂

有位工匠名叫匠石，他前往齐国，来到曲辕的地方，看见一株大树生长在土神庙旁。这株树的树阴可以遮盖几千头牛;树身有百尺粗，树干高过山头80尺后才有枝叶，可用来造船的旁枝就有十几枝。围观这株巨树的人多得像到市场赶集。

奇怪的是，匠石竟视而不见，不屑一顾。他不住脚地往前赶路。

。徒弟们大开眼界，却不明白师傅的态度，追上匠石问个究竟：“自从我们跟随师傅走南闯北学手艺，从来没有碰见这样好的木材，您为什么一点也不看重它?”

匠石回答：“不要夸这棵树了，它是脆而不坚的树木，造船沉，做棺材会很快腐烂，制成柱子会被虫蛀，打成器具会毁掉，造门会流出污浆……”匠石把它说得一无是处，认定它是不能做材料的树木，正因为没有用，所以才长得这么大，有这么长的寿命!

貌似强大的事物往往华而不实。看问题、观察事物不能被表面所迷惑，要透过现象看清本质，否则，就会作出错误的判断。

典出《汉 司马迁 史记 卷八十八 蒙恬列传第二十八》：“昔者秦穆公杀三良而死，罪百里奚而非其罪也，故立号曰‘缪’。昭襄王杀武安君白起。楚平王杀伍奢。吴王夫差杀伍子胥。此四君者，皆为大失，而天下非之，以其君为不明，以是籍於诸侯。”

《柯劭忞 清史稿 卷三二二 列传一百零九 尹壮图传》：“各督抚‘声名狼藉’，吏治废弛。臣经过地方，体察官吏贤否，商民半皆蹙额兴叹。”

秦国大将蒙恬与大臣蒙毅，祖父子三代屡为秦建功立业，出谋划策，深获秦始皇赏识，并委以重任。始皇死后，幼子胡亥继位，即秦二世也。亥轻信谗言，令毅自杀。毅心不服，便列举史上君主误杀良臣之事，及其覆灭与亡国之命运。盼亥能以史为鉴，引以为戒，以免“声名狼藉”，为天下所不齿。胡亥不听，终杀蒙毅。尔后，复以君命迫恬，后恬亦服毒自杀。

狼藉：据传狼群常于草地卧息，离时常将草地弄乱以灭其迹。后常以此语形容凌乱不堪。

“声名狼藉”。本据蒙毅之言而改编。以喻人之声望与名誉极其恶劣，或行为不端，不守法纪，常用此语。

【注音】xiào zhōng yǒu dāo

【出处】看不见李义府之辈笑欣欣，笑中有刀潜杀人。唐·白居易《天可度》诗

【解释】形容对人外表和气，内心却十分阴险毒辣。

【用法】作谓语、宾语、定语；指内心狠毒

【结构】偏正式

【近义词】笑里藏刀、笑处藏刀

【押韵词】天灾地妖、山以凌尺故能高、拍板成交、绿惨红销、耸壑凌霄、棋高一着、气满志骄、管秃唇焦、浆水不交、乌集之交。

【年代】古代

【成语故事】唐朝大臣李义府听说狱中有一个美貌的女犯，他叫狱吏毕正义释放她，然后就占为己有，大臣王义方告发毕正义。李义府逼毕正义上吊自杀，同时还在皇帝面前诋毁王义方，把他革职流放到边远地区。李义府表面谦和，暗中害人，笑里藏刀。

【成语示例】既处权要，欲人附己，微忤意者，辄加倾陷。故时人言其笑中有刀，又以其柔而害物，亦谓之‘李猫’。《旧唐书·李义府传》

【拼音】tuō xuē mó mò

【成语故事】唐朝时期，李白参加殿试求功名，杨国忠与高力士当面毁了李白的试卷，说与他们脱靴磨墨还不够资格。一次，唐玄宗接到番国的檄文，朝中无人能识，贺知章推荐李白给唐玄宗。李白翻译檄文后，借助唐玄宗之命要杨国忠与高力士为他脱靴磨墨以雪耻。

【典故】当殿挥毫，番书草就番人吓。脱靴磨墨，宿憾今朝释。 清·褚人获《隋唐演义》第82回

【释义】指极力侍侯与讨好文人。

【用法】作宾语、定语；用于书面语

In the song Dynasty (960-1279),there was a scholar whose name was Wen Tong and who styled himself Yuke. He was not only admired by others for his great learning, but also enjoyed widespread renown for his bamboo drawing. Every day there were always quite a few peoply who called at his house to ask for one of his bamboo drawings.

北宋画家文同，字与可。他画的竹子远近闻名，每天总有不少人登门求画。文同画竹的妙诀在哪里呢？

Actually, Wen Tong loved bamboos so much that he had grown various bamboos everywhere around his house. No matter what season it was and no matter whether it was sunny or rainy, he used to go to the bamboo forest to observe how they were growing. He pondered over the lenght and breadth of the bamboo poles as well as the shapes and colours of the leaves. Whenever he had gained a new understanding, he went back to his study, spread a piece of paper and prepareed some ink by rubbing an ink stick on an ink slab, and drew what was in his mind on the paper. Through accumulation over a long period of time, the images of the bamboo in different seasons, under different weather conditions and at different moments were deeply imprinted in his mind.So whenever he stood before the paper and picked up a painting brush with concentrated attention, the various forms of the bamboo which he had observed at ordinary times at once rose before his eyes. And so every time he was drawing bamboos he appeared confident and at ease, and all the bamboos he had painted were very vivid and true to lift.

原来，文同在自己家的房前屋后种上各种样的竹子，无论春夏秋冬，阴睛风雨，他经常去竹林观察竹子的生长变化情况，琢磨竹枝的长短粗细，叶子的形态、颜色，每当有新的感受就回到书房，铺纸研墨，把心中的印象画在纸上。目积月累，竹子在不同季节、不同天气、不同时辰的形象都深深地印在他的心中，只要凝神提笔，在画纸前一站，平日观察到的各种形态的竹子立刻浮现在眼前。所以每次画竹，他都显得非常从容自信，画出的竹子，无不逼真传神。

When people spoke highly of his paintings, he always said modestly that he had just put the images of the bamboo imprinted in his mind on the paper.

当人们夸奖他的画时，他总是谦虚地说：“我只是把心中琢磨成熟的竹子画下来罢了。”

A young man wanted to learn bamboo drawing; when he knew that Chao Buzhi had made a profound study of Wen Tongs art of drawing, he went to Chao Buzhi for instruction. Chao Buzhi wrote a poem to him. In the poem, there are the following two lines:

When Yuke was painting the bamboos,

He bad their images ready in his bosom.

有位青年想学画竹，得知诗人晁补之对文同的画很有研究，前往求教。晃补之写了一首诗送给他，其中有两句：“与可画竹，胸中有成竹。”

Later people have summarized the lines as " having had the images of the bamboo ready in ones bosom," which means having had ready plans or designs in ones mind before doing a certain job so that its success is guaranteed. It is also used go mean being calm and cool - headed in dealing with things.

“胸有成竹”，比喻做事之前已作好充分准备，对事情的成功已有了十分的把握；又比喻遇事不慌，十分沉着。

This story comes from an article writted by Su Shi concerning Wen Yukes art of bamboo drawing.

延伸阅读：

指鹿为马－中国成语故事中英对照

Calling a Stag a Horse 指鹿为马

In the reign of Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), the prime minister Zhao Gao, obsessed with ambitions, was planning to usurp the throne day and night. But he did not know how many of the ministers in the court were allowed to be ordered about by him and how many of them were his opponents. So he thought out a way to test how high his prestige among the ministers was and also to find out who dared to oppose him.

秦二世时，丞相赵高野心勃勃，日夜盘算着要篡夺皇位。可朝中大臣有多少人能听他摆布，有多少人反对他，他心中没底。于是，他想了一个办法，准备试一试自己的威信，同时也可以摸清敢于反对他的人。

One day when court was held, Zhao Gao let someone bring a stag to the court and, with a broad smile on his face, he said to Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty:"Your Majesty, here is a fine horse Im presenting to you." Looking at the animal, Emperor the Second thought that it was obviously a stag and that it couldnt be a horse. So he said smilingly to Zhao Gao:"Mister Prime Minister, you are wrong. This is a stay. Why do you say it is a horse?" Remaining calm, Zhao Gao said:"Will your Majesty please see more clearly? This really is a horse that covers a thousand li a day." Filled with suspicion, Emperor the Second looked at the stag again and said:"How can the antlers be grown on the head of a horse?" Turning around and pointing his finger at the ministers, Zhao Gao said in a loud voice:"if our Majesty do not believe me, you can ask the ministers."

一天上朝时，赵高让人牵来一只鹿，满脸堆笑地对秦二世说：“陛下，我献给您一匹好马。”秦二世一看，心想：这哪里是马，这分明是一只鹿嘛！便笑着对赵高说：“丞相搞错了，这里一只鹿，你怎么说是马呢？”赵高面不改色心不跳地说：“请陛下看清楚，这的确是一匹千里马。”秦二世又看了看那只鹿，将信将疑地说：“马的头上怎么会长角呢？”赵高一转身，用手指着众大臣，大声说：“陛下如果不信我的话，可以问问众位大臣。”

The nonsense of Zhao Gao made the ministers totally at a lose, and they whispered to themselves: What tricks was Zhao Gao playing? Was it not obvious whether it was a stag or a horse? But when they saw the sinister smile on Zhao Gaos face and his two rolling eyes which were gazing at each of them, they suddenly understood his evil intentions.

大臣们都被赵高的一派胡言搞得不知所措，私下里嘀咕：这个赵高搞什么名堂？是鹿是马这不是明摆着吗！当看到赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着每个人的时候，大臣们忽然明白了他的用意。

Some of the ministers who were timid and yet had a sense of right eousness did not dare to say anything, because to tell lies would make their conscience uneasy and to tell the truth would mean that they would be persecuted by Zhao Gao later. Some ministers with a sense of justice persisted that it was a stag and not a horse. There were still some crafty and fawning ministers who followed Zhao Gao closely in ordinary times. They immediately voiced their support to Zhao Gao, saying to the emperor:"This really in a horse that covers a thousand li a day."

一些胆小又有正义感的人都低下头，不敢说话，因为说假话，对不起自己的良心，说真话又怕日后被赵高所害。有些正直的人，坚持认为是说明书而不是马。还有一些平时就紧跟赵高的奸佞之人立刻表示拥护赵高的说法，对皇上说，“这确是一匹千里马！”

After the event, Zhao Gao punished by various means those ministers with a sense of justice who were not obedient to him, even with whole families of some of those ministers executed.

事后，赵高通过各种手段把那些不顺从自己的正直大臣纷纷治罪，甚至满门抄斩。

This story appears in "The Life of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty" in The Historical Records written by Sima Qian. From this story people have derived the set phrase "calling a stag a horse" to mean deliberately misrepresenting some thing and misleading the public.

故事出自《史记·秦始皇本纪》。成语“指鹿为马”比喻故意颠倒是非，混淆黑白。

枕戈待旦－中国成语故事中英对照

In the Western Jin Dynasty there were two young men.One of them was Zu Ti and the other was Liu Kun.Both of them were men of ideals and integrity who were chivalrous and of a sanguine disposition.They not only wrote excellent articles but also were fond of practising martial arts to keep fit, in order to render meritorious service to the country.Both of them were chief clerks responsible for document administration in Luoyang.Although in appearance the Jin Dynasty had jurisdiction of the Central Plains comprising the middle and lower reaches of the Haunch and threatened by foreign invasion.Zu Ti and Liu Kun often talked about the countrys situation till late into the night,and each time they talking very excitedly again.

西晋人祖逖和刘琨，都是性格开朗、仗义好侠的志士。年轻时不但文章写得好，而且都喜欢练武健身，决心报效祖国。当时，晋朝表面上还管辖着中原大地，但实际上已是内忧外患，风雨飘摇了。祖逖和刘琨一谈起国家局势，总是慷慨万分，常常聊到深夜。

Liu Kun fell asleep without knowing it,but Zu Ti was too excited to fall asleep." Cock-a-doodle-doo,"came the crow of rooster in the wasteland.Zu Ti jumped up and kicked Liu Kun awake:"Listen.How inspiring the roosters crow is.Lets get up and practised on a slope.From then on,they kept practising sword playing vigorously and energetically in the wasteland every day when they heard the first crow in the morning.

一天，祖逖又和刘琨谈得十分兴奋，刘琨不知什么时候睡着了，祖逖却久久沉浸在谈话的兴奋之中，不能入睡。“喔，喔，喔－－”荒原上的雄鸡叫了起来，祖逖一跃而起，踢醒了刘琨：“听，这雄鸡啼鸣多么振奋人心呀，快起来练剑吧！”于是，两人操起剑来，在高坡上对舞。从此，他俩每天清早听到头一声鸣叫，一定来到荒原上抖擞神练起剑来。

Deeply moved by Zu Tis patriotic passion,Liu Kun was determined to devote himself to his homeland.Once he wrote to his family:"At the time when the country is in dire peril,I am resolved to dedicate myselt to the service of my country.I often fear that I might lag behind Zu Ti in rendering service to the country,and,in fact,I am behind him..."

刘琨被祖逖的爱国热情深深感动，决心献身于祖。一次他给家人的信中写道：“在国家危难时刻，我经常‘枕戈待旦’（枕着兵器睡觉一直到天明），立志报国，常担心落在祖逖后边，不想他到底走到我的前头了！……”

The words" sleep with my head pillowed on a spear,waiting for the day to break"vividly described Liu Kuns determination to dedicate himself to the service of the country and to fight the enemy at any time.Later,this set phrase is used to mean maintaining sharp vigilance and being ready to fight at any time."

故事出自《晋书·祖逖传》。“枕戈待旦”出自刘琨《与亲故书》，形象地写出了刘琨随时准备杀敌报国的决心。后来用作成语，形容时刻警惕敌人，准备作战。

后来居上－中国成语故事中英对照

Ji Anlived at the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D.24). He was respected for being upright and just and for daring to speak the truth. He did not bother about amall matters in personal behaviour and in being an official. He was particular about actual effects and ,although he did not cause a stir ,he could keep the prefecture he governed in perfect order. Because of this. the imperial court transferred him to the central government from being the perfect of the Donghai Prefecture to being a commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officals.

汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉——一种主管地方吏任免的官职。

Once,Emperor Wudi said that he would implement the policy of benevolence and justice of Confucianism and would do good turns to the people.Emperor Wudi Had hardly finished his remards when Ji An said that there was no need for the emperor to say so.Why should the emperor bother,Ji An said, about pretending to implement the policy of benevolence and justice since he was so greedy and avaricious within himself? This choked the emperor off. The emperor suddenly Changed his countenance and declared the meeting over. All the civilian and military officers at court were breathless with anxiety for fear that Ji An might bring disaster upon himself because of this. After returning, Emperor Wudi said to the people around him that Ji An was a little too rude and too straightforward.

有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。

For this reason ,Ji An was never promoted again. When he was the commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officials, both Gongsun Hong and Zhang Tang were low -ranking lfficials of little importance. Later ,they were promoted continuously. Gongsun Hong became the prime minister and Zhang Tang became the imperial censor. However, JiAns post remained thesame. One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wudi that the way the emperor used his ministers was just like piling up firewood, which meant that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers. Of course, Emperor Wudi could see that Ji An was complaining. So,turning to his ministers, Emperor Wudi said, "It is true that no one can stop learning.You see, Ji An is making more and more indiscreet remarks."

从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：“人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！”

This story comes from The Historical Records. Later generations use the set phrase "the latecomers surpass the old-timers "to indicate that successors can cxcel the predecessors, which is quite different from the original idea when Ji An said that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers.

故事出自《史记·汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。

洛阳纸贵－中国成语故事中英对照

In the Jin Dynasty (265-420) there was a famous writer whose name was Zuo Si who, however, was very naughty and did not like to study when he was a small kid.His father often got angry, and yet young Zuo Si was as naughty as ever and would not study hard.

晋代文学家左思，小时候是个非常顽皮、不爱读书的孩子。父亲经常为这事发脾气，可是小左思仍然淘气得很，不肯好好学习。

One day, Zuo Sis father was chatting with his friends. his friends envied him his clever and loverly son. Hearing this, Zuo sis father sighed, "Please do not mention him. My son Zuo si does not study as well as I did when I was young, although I did not study well enough myself. It appears that he is actually a good-for-nothing."So saying, he looked disappointed. All this was witnessed by young Zuo Si. He felt very sad, feeling intensely that he would not be able to have a bright future if he did not study hard. So he was determined to study assiduously from then on.

有一天，左思的父亲与朋友们聊天，朋友们羡慕他有个聪明可爱的儿子。左思的父亲叹口气说：“快别提他了，小儿左思的学习，还不如我小时候，看来没有多大的出息了。”说着，脸上流露出失望的神色。这一切都被小左思看到听到了，他非常难过，觉得自己不好好念书确实很没出息。于是，暗暗下定决心，一定要刻苦学习。

Day after day and year after year, Zuo Si gradually grew up. Because of his unremitting afforts in hard study, he became an erudite scholar and wrote very excellent essays. The "Ode to the Capital of the State of Qi", which took him one year to write, showed his brilliant literary talent and laid the foundation for his becoming an outstanding writer. then he planned to write an "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu"with the local conditions and customs as well as the produce of the three capitals as its content. In order to achieve the desired effect in content, structure and language, he applied himself to research work with great concentration, and was so absorbed in creative writing as to forget food and sleep. It took him ten whole years to finish the writing of "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu", a literary masterpiece.

日复一日，年复一年，左思渐渐长大了，由于他坚持不懈地发奋读书，终于成为一位学识渊博的人，文章也写得非常好。他用一年的时间写成了《齐都赋》，显示出他在文学方面的才华，为他成为杰出的文学家奠定了基础。这以后他又计划以三国时魏、蜀、吴首都的风土、人情、物产为内容，撰写《三都赋》。为了在内容、结构、语言诸方面都达到一定水平，他潜心研究，精心撰写，废寝忘食，用了整整十年，文学巨著《三都赋》终于写成了。

The "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu"was well received by the broad masses of readers after it made its appearance to the public, and people considered it as superbly written as the "Ode to the Western Capital (Changan) and to the Eastern Capital (Luoyang)"written by Ban Gu (32-92) and the "Ode to the Western Capital and to the Eastern Capital"written by Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to A.D.220). As the art of printing had not been invented at that time, people who were fond of this "Ode"had to make handwritten copies of it themselves. As there were so many people who vied with each other in making handwritten copies, the supply of writing paper fell short of the demand in Luoyang went up greatly.

《三都赋》受到谅也评，人们把它和汉代文学杰作《两都赋》相比。由于当时还没有发明印刷术，喜爱《三都赋》的人只能争相抄阅，因为抄写的人太多，京城洛阳的纸张供不应求，一时间全城纸价大幅度上升。

This story comes from "The life of Zuo Si"in the book "Literary Field"of The History of the Jin Dynasty. Based on this story, people have coined the set phrase "the price of writing paper went up greatly", meaning the overwhelming popularity of a new work causes shortage of printing paper, to show how popular an outstanding piece of literary work is.

故事出自《晋书·文苑·左思传》。成语“洛阳纸贵”，称颂杰出的作品风行一进。

嗟来之食 中国成语故事中英对照

food handed out in contempt嗟来之食

【成语来源】

One year during the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期,770-476 BC), there was a the Qi State (齐国) was severely strickend by a famine.

春秋时代，有一年齐国发生大饥荒。

Qian Ao (qián ào 黔敖), a very rich but arrogant man took the occasion to showcase his generosity through preparing food by the roadside and giving it to the passing refugees in charity.

有一位叫做黔敖有钱贵族，在街边准备食物分发给来往的难民，以显示自己的慷慨。

A man with shabby clothes happened to walk by with his shoes trailing along, he was so hungry as not to open his eyes.

有一个饥民，用衣袖蒙着脸，拖着鞋，饿得眼睛都睁不开的样子，慢慢地走过来。

Seeing the poor man, Qian Ao held the food by left hand and the drink by right hand, and shouted at him,"Hi, come to eat !”

黔敖见了，就左手拿着吃的，右手捧着喝的，向他喊道：“喂，来吃吧！”

Hearing the word, the man glared his eyes and said, “It is because I am not willing to eat the food handed out in contempt that I have been famished to such a degree. "

那人一听这话，立即瞪着眼睛，说道：“我就是因为不吃‘嗟来之食，才饿到这般地步的。"

Though Qian Ao made an apology to him for that, the man still resolutely refused to eat the food and thus he died of hunger in the end.

尽管黔敖向他道歉，那人仍然坚决不吃，终于饿死了。

This set phrase now extensively denotes the disrespectful aims. This story means that a person who has a strong sense of self-respect would rather die of hunger than be despised.

此故事讲的是一个怀有强烈自尊心的人，宁可饿死也不肯接受人轻视。现在这个成语泛指带有侮辱性的施舍。

【文化链接】

中文中“嗟来之食”的意思就是“带有侮辱性的施舍”，英语直译就是“something handed out in contempt”，那如果是“主动去乞求帮助或是施舍”的话，英语该如何表达呢？

英文中常用惯语有“come hat in hand”，也就是是乞求或请求别人“施舍”，求人给一些原本不属于你的东西，源自英国民俗，根据当时英国的民间习俗，当一个人穷困潦倒、无以为生时，就可以手持帽子，低声下气地向别人乞讨，以获取他人的同情，这是一种非常丢脸的行为，所以一般人除非迫不得已，否则是不会这样做的。

所以，come hat in hand 常用来比喻“走投无路”、“穷困潦倒”、“有求于人”。

例如： Retired workers need not come hat in hand to ask for supplementary allowance. （退休工人就不必卑躬屈膝地请求追加补助费了。）

【注音】yī sǐ yī shēng

【成语故事】西汉时期,廷尉翟公为人豪爽,喜欢结交天下有识之士,因此家中宾客很多,因而有人嫉妒进谗言,汉武帝罢免了他的官职。平时门上的常客不上门了,而且绕道而行。后来翟公官复原职,那些人又回来,翟公在门上写道:“一死一生,乃知交情。”

【出处】太史公曰:始翟公为廷尉,宾客阗门;及废,门外可设雀罗。翟公复为廷尉,宾客欲往,翟公乃大署其门曰:‘一死一生,乃知交情。’ 《史记·汲郑列传》

【解释】指有关生死的关键时刻。

【用法】作宾语、定语;指两极变化

【成语举例】情知白日不可私,一死一生何足算。 唐·王翰《相和歌辞·蛾眉怨》

四字成语唇亡齿寒比喻利害相关，这个成语在古代历史故事中有什么历史典故呢？下面是小编整理的关于唇亡齿寒的成语故事，希望对你有帮助！

四字成语：唇亡齿寒

出自：《左传·僖公五年》：“夫鲁，齐晋之唇，唇亡齿寒，君所知也。——《吕氏春秋·权勋》

解释：嘴唇没有了，牙齿就会感到寒冷。反之，嘴唇无齿则一无是处。比喻双方关系密切，相互依存。

成语故事：

春秋时候，晋献公想要扩充自己的实力和地盘，就找借口说邻近的虢（guó）国经常侵犯晋国的边境，要派兵灭了虢国。可是在晋国和虢国之间隔着一个虞 国，讨伐虢国必须经过虞地。“怎样才能顺利通过虞国呢？”晋献公问手下的大臣。大夫荀息说：“虞国国君是个目光短浅、贪图小利的人，只要我们送他价值连城 的美玉和宝马，他不会不答应借道的。”晋献公一听有点舍不得，荀息看出了晋献公的心思，就说：“虞虢两国是唇齿相依的近邻，虢国灭了，虞国也不能独存，您 的美玉宝马不过是暂时存放在虞公那里罢了。”晋献公采纳了荀息的计策。

虞国国君见到这两们珍贵的礼物，顿时心花怒放，听到荀息说要借道虞国之事时，当时就满口答应下来。虞国大夫宫之奇听说后，赶快阻止道：“不行， 不行，虞国和虢国是唇齿相依的近邻，我们两个小国相互依存，有事可以自彼帮助，万一虢国灭了，我们虞国也就难保了。俗话说：‘唇亡齿寒’，没有嘴唇，牙齿 也保不住啊！借道给晋国万万使不得。”虞公说：“人家晋国是大国，现在特意送来美玉宝马和咱们交朋友，难道咱们借条道路让他们走走都不行吗？”宫之奇连声 叹气，知道虞国离灭亡的日子不远了，于是就带着一家老小离开了虞国。

果然，晋国军队借道虞国，消灭了虢国，随后又把亲自迎接晋军的虞公抓住，灭了虞国。

晋朝的孙绰年轻时隐居会稽(在今浙江绍兴)，游放山水十几年，后来写了篇《遂初赋》来表达自己的志向。

在章安(在今浙江台州)做官时，孙绰写了篇《游天台山赋》，说置身于“穷山海之瑰富，尽人神之壮丽” 的天台山， 便会“恣语乐以终日，等寂默于不言”，辞致新奇，绘景如画。文章写成后，孙绰拿给朋友范荣期看，并开玩笑说：“你把它扔到地上，应当会发出金石之声。”荣期每读到佳句，总是说：“就应该这么写啊!”

当时人都以得到孙绰的文章为荣。

心腹之患比喻隐藏在内部的严重祸害，下面我们就一起来看看关于心腹之患的成语故事!

成语故事：

春秋时期，越国和吴国是邻国，越国趁着吴国忙于进攻楚国而经常出兵去袭击吴国的边境。吴国被惹烦了，就出兵讨伐越国，不料却吃了败仗，吴王阖闾也因为受伤而死去。他的儿子夫差继承吴王之位后，为报父仇，励精图治，后来大败越国，并乘胜攻入了越国的都城。越王勾践率领着仅存的五千残兵败将退到了会稽，并派人向吴国求和。

吴国的大臣伍子胥对夫差说：“越王勾践为人能含辛茹苦，今天要是大王不一举歼灭他，将来一定会后悔。”可是吴王夫差因为这次的大胜而骄傲自满，根本听不进伍子胥的劝谏，下令准许越国议和。吴王大胜越国以后，夫差自以为从此可无后顾之忧了，于是一心想到中原和晋国、齐国等国家比试比试，分个高下。而这时的越王勾践时刻不忘丧国之耻，卧薪尝胆，越国的国力渐渐恢复起来。伍子胥又规劝夫差说：“勾践一餐没有两味荤菜，哀悼死去的，慰问有病的，将打算有所作为。这个人不死，一定是吴国的祸患。现在吴国有越国在身边，就像得了心腹疾病。(原文是：‘越在我，心腹之疾也。’)大王不先铲除越国，却一心致力攻打齐国，不是很荒谬吗?”可吴王还是不听伍子胥的规劝。由于他连年用兵，结果国力空虚，终于在公元前473年被越国消灭了。

成语“心腹之患”由“心腹之疾”演变而来，比喻隐藏在内部的严重祸害。

成语出处

《左传·哀公十一年》：“越在我，心腹之疾也。”《后汉书·陈蕃传》：“寇贼在处，四肢之疾;内政不理，心腹之患。”

成语谜语

谜语：肚子里头长瘤子(打一四字成语)

谜语解析：腹：一般指人和脊椎动物躯干的一部分，介于胸和骨盆之间，包括“腹壁”、“腹腔”及内脏(通常称“肚子”)，瘤子是一种异常增生而形成局部的肿块，为隐患。心腹：比喻要害。比喻隐藏在内部的严重祸害。也泛指最大的隐患。

【注音】jiě yī tuī shí

【出处】汉王授我上将军印，予我数万众，解衣衣我，推食食我。  《史记·淮阴侯列传》

【解释】推：让。把穿着的衣服脱下给别人穿，把正在吃的食物让别人吃。形容对人热情关怀。

【用法】作谓语、宾语、分句；指爱惜人才

【结构】联合式

【近义词】助人为乐、慷慨解囊

【同韵词】聪明正直、泛泛其词、鼎力扶持、顽钝固执、厚礼卑辞、迫切陈词、沽誉买直、各有所职、振振有辞、借故推辞。

【年代】古代

【成语故事】楚汉相争时期，项羽手下的韩信因得不到重用就投靠刘邦。刘邦认为韩信是一个很好的人才，就把他的衣服送给韩信，还给韩信送去精美的食物、兵马。韩信带兵灭掉齐国。项羽派武涉去劝韩信自立为王，被韩信拒绝。

【成语示例】小生飘蓬浪迹，幸蒙令尊一见如故，解衣推食，恩已过甚。  明·凌濛初《二刻拍案惊奇》卷十一

公元前597年，楚庄王亲自率领大军讨伐郑国。三个月后便攻破了郑国都城。

郑襄公出于无奈，只好*露上身，牵着一只羊向楚庄王求饶说：“我不能很好的服侍君王，令大王生气，这都是我的罪过。今后，大王让我做什么我就做什么。只要大王不灭郑国，让郑国像您的众多属国一样服侍您，这就是您的恩惠了，也是我的心愿。我大胆的说出心里话，请大王决定吧。”

楚王看到郑伯的可怜相，认为郑王可以取得百姓的信任，就下令退兵，允许郑国求和，还与郑国订立了盟约。

神话故事教学承载着传承传统文化精神,延续民族精神血脉的使命，神话传说成语故事有哪些的呢?本文是小编整理神话传说成语故事，仅供参考。

1、后羿射日:古时候天上有十个太阳，人们难耐高温。后羿力大无比，射掉了九个太阳，剩下现在的一个太阳，使温度适宜人们居住。

2、夸父追日:夸父与太阳赛跑，追赶到太阳落下的地方。他口渴，想要喝水，到黄河、渭水去喝水，黄河、渭水的水量不够他喝，向北到大湖去喝水。夸父还没有到，在半路因口渴而死。他丢弃他的手杖，手杖化作了桃林。

3、含沙射影:传说江淮间出产一种很特别的甲虫，名叫蜮，又有人称做射工、射影、短狐、水狐。这种虫常常伤害人，形状很是奇怪，背上长着硬壳，头上有角，身上长有翅膀，可以飞到上空，在人的头上施行袭击。它没有眼睛，但耳朵听觉特别灵敏，口中有一横物，形状像弩，只要听到人声便知道人的所在方向和距离，然后用口中所含的沙当作矢，向人射击。被蜮射中的人，会染上一种毒质而生疮;就算人的身体能够射避，而影子被蜮射中，也会生病。

4、八仙过海:有一天，八仙要去东海游玩，他们一起乘着船过海。可东海龙王的儿子喜欢上了荷仙姑，就把船给弄沉了。张果老翻身爬到了毛驴的背上，曹国舅脚踏巧板，没有掉到海里。韩湘子骑在仙笛上，汉钟离站在了蒲扇上，也没有掉到海里。蓝采和攀住了花篮边，铁拐李抱着葫芦，浮在了海上。只有吕洞宾被弄得浑身湿透，而荷仙姑却被抢到了海底龙宫中。龙王儿子一会变成巨鲸、一会又变成海蛇，和七仙打了起来。七仙用各自的宝贝大显神通，最后把龙王儿子打死了，救出了荷仙姑。“八仙过海”就是说，不同的人可以用不同的办法和本领去做事。

5、牛郎织女:从前，有个聪明忠厚的小伙子叫牛郎，他有一头感情很要好的牛。一天，牛郎出去放牛，正好遇到了七仙女下凡洗澡。牛郎很喜欢最小的七仙女，小七仙女也喜欢他，两人结成了夫妻。牛郎和织女结婚后，男耕女织，还生了两个孩子。可是不久，王母娘娘下凡来，强行把织女带回了天上。老牛看到牛郎非常伤心，要牛郎把自己的皮做成鞋穿着飞上天。牛郎很无奈地答应了，他拉着自己的儿女，飞上天去追织女。可是，王母娘娘变了一条河，将他们隔开了，两人非常伤心。喜鹊被他们感动了，都飞来搭成鹊桥让他们相会。王母娘娘很无奈，只好允许两人在每年七月七日于鹊桥相会。

6、精卫填海:说的是中国上古时期一种叫精卫的鸟努力填平大海。《山海经》记述有一种鸟。它的名字叫精卫。精卫原来是炎帝宠爱的女儿，有一天她去东海玩，可是突然风暴袭来，她死了。女娃变成了鸟，名字就叫作“精卫鸟”。精卫鸟去西山衔来石子儿和树枝，一次又一次投到大海里，想要把东海填平。

7、叶公好龙:讲述了叶公爱龙成癖，被天上的真龙知道后，便从天上下降到叶公家里。叶公一看是真龙，吓得转身就跑，好像掉了魂似的。比喻表面上爱好某事物，实际上并不真爱好，含贬义。

8、井底之蛙:在一口浅井里，住着一只青蛙。一天，青蛙在井边碰上了一只从海里来的大龟。青蛙对海龟夸口说:“你看，我住在这里多快乐呀!”青蛙形容道:“我安静时泡在水里，开心时在泥浆里散步，多自由自在!”青蛙邀请海龟下去玩，可是海龟却只能伸进去一只脚。海龟摇了摇头，往后退了一步，跟青蛙讲起了大海的情形。 “海的广大，哪止千里;海的深度，哪止千来丈。”“无论水灾还是干旱，都影响不到海水，住在那样的大海里，才是真的快乐呢!”井蛙听了海龟的一番话，再也没话可说了。 这个故事告诉我们:人的见识不能短浅，不能盲目自大。

9、天衣无缝:原指神话中仙女穿的天衣，不用针线制作，没有缝儿。现比喻事物非常完美自然，不露任何痕迹。

10、涸辙之鱼:庄子只要借一升半斗粮食，就可以解决家里揭不开锅的问题，监河侯却说等收到租税后可以借给他三百两黄金，就如同鲫鱼只要一升凉水，就可以活命一样，哪里能等到遥远的西江之水，解决问题，要从现实的时间、地点、条件出发。空话、大话、漂亮话，除了勾勒出说话人的嘴脸以外，不解决任何实际问题。

11、女娲补天:水神共工造反，与火神祝融交战，共工被祝融打败了，他气得用头去撞西方的世界支柱不周山，导致天塌陷，天河之水注入人间。女娲不忍人类受灾，于是炼出五色石补好天空，折神鳖之足撑四极，平洪水杀猛兽，人类始得以安居。

齐国是春秋时代的大国，有次北方山戎国举兵侵入齐边境，情形相当危急。因此向各国讨救兵，希望合力把敌军打败。

不久郑国接到消息，马上派忽率大军援救。忽年轻善战，打的山戎抱头鼠窜，赢得空前大胜利。

齐国国君对忽感激万分。原本三年前齐国国君第一次见到他时，有意将自己女儿文姜许配给他，但却被他拒绝了。

忽认为：每一个人都有一个合适的配偶，而齐国是个大国，对于小国的忽而言实在不适合。

三年后忽帮齐国打退强敌，齐国国君又旧事从提，但太子忽仍然拒绝说：“三年前我们之间没任何关系时，都不敢娶齐国公主了。如今，我因替你们打倒山戎国，而娶公主回去，百性岂不是以为我带兵援救你们，只为了娶公主呢?”

根据《左传》中的这一段记载，公子忽引用了《诗经》中“自求多福”的诗句，即求助自己比求助他人会得到更多的福佑。公子忽认为为自己将来的统治在于自己，无需通过联姻依靠大国。也许说门不当户不对只是一个借口噢!

典故：《后汉书·耿弇传》：“归发突骑以辚乌合之众，如摧枯折腐耳。”

释义：“乌合之众”为贬意成语，比喻没有组织，像一群暂时聚合的乌鸦。

故事：西汉末年，王莽(邯郸市大名县人)被打败后，刘玄称帝。扶风茂陵(今陕西省)人耿龠随其父耿况投奔了刘玄。没过多久，邯郸人王郎自称汉成帝之子刘子与，在西汉宗室刘休和大富豪李育等的支持下，自立为帝，建都邯郸。这时，耿龠手下的孙仓、卫包便劝耿龠投归刘子与(王郎)。耿龠闻听大怒，按剑说道："刘子与这个反贼，我和他势不两立!等我到长安请皇上调动渔阳、上谷的兵马，从太原、代郡出击，来回几十天，便能以轻骑兵袭击那些乌合之众，势如摧枯拉朽，定能获胜。谁不识大局，去投奔那些反贼，定遭灭族杀身之祸!"

邢颙[yóng]，字子昂，河间莫人(今任丘)。为孝廉，征任为官吏，不受。曾被曹操征任为司空掾。出任左冯翊，因病辞官。后被选为平原侯曹植的家丞。

他品行端庄，当时人们称颂他说：“德行堂堂邢子昂”。他敬事主人，平时讲求礼节。

而庶子刘桢擅长作文，文辞优美，曹植亲近刘桢而疏远邢颙。

刘桢上书劝谏曹植说：家丞邢颙是北方的贤士，他少年秉性高洁，清静寡欲，言语简洁而义理深刻。真正是儒雅的贤士。我实在不能和他相提并论，并列为您的左右。而我获得您的特殊礼遇，邢颙反而被疏远，我私下里担忧旁观者将会说君侯您亲近我，对待贤士缺乏礼节，喜纳庶子的文采，丢弃家丞的德行。(刘桢谏植曰：“私惧观者将谓习近不肖，礼贤不足，采庶子之春华，忘家丞之秋实。”)

春华秋实的成语故事延伸

【注音】chūn huā qiū shí

【出处】《三国志·魏志·邢颙传》：“采庶子之春华；忘家丞之秋实。”

【解释】华：花。春天开花，秋天结果。比喻人的文采和德行。现也比喻学习有成果。

【用法】用于复句式、作主语、分句、比喻句

【近义词】开花结果

【反义词】华而不实

【例句】春华秋实，没有农民们的辛勤栽培，哪有这硕果累累的大好收成呢？

与春天有关的成语故事：春华秋实点评

“春华秋实”有三种意思：

比喻事物的因果关系。

“华”同“花”。春天开花，秋天结实。引申为先挥汗耕耘、适时播种，后才有丰收的喜悦，这是比较多见的。

比喻文采与德行。多指因学识渊博，而明于修身律己，品行高洁。(相反，若“习近不肖，礼贤不足”，则离“春华秋实”远矣)。

出处晋·陈寿《三国志·魏志·邢颙传》：“（君侯）采庶子之春华，忘家丞之秋实。

此词现也用作指时间的流逝，岁月的变迁。

相当于“春去秋来”，这种用法在当代诸多文学作品中已有应用，《穆斯林的葬礼》第十章 月情 ：春华秋实，廊子前的石榴熟了。这棵石榴树，结果特别密，长得特别大......