2015年英语六年级写作基础知识精选8篇 作文20篇

1、议论文是议论说理表达作者的见解和主张的文章。

2、议论文的三要素包括论点、论据和论证。

3、写简单的议论文，努力做到有理有据。

议论文在“两个文明建设”和日常生活中有着极大的作用。我们必须努力学习和掌握这种文体的写法。

1、议论文的三要素

每一篇议论文，都离不开论点、论据和论证。因此，鲜明的论点，确凿的论据，严密的论证，是议论文的三个基本要素。

(1)论点，是作者对要议论的问题所持的见解或主张，是议论文的灵魂，起着统帅全文、纲举目张的作用。确立论点是写好议论文的前提。议论文的论点有以下5点要求：

①正确。写议论文的目的是为了宣传真理、明辨是非、分清正误、区别美丑，所以，思想观点正确是首要的。

②鲜明。作者在文章中必须旗帜鲜明地表明自己的观点，毫不含糊地说出自己的见解，使读者一目了然，明确理解。

③严密。论点的表达必须周密严谨，无懈可击，不给持有异议的人以可乘之机。

④集中。在一篇议论文中，只能提出一个中心论点，全篇文章始终围绕一个论点展开论述，把道理说深说透，解决问题。要求集中，也就是要避免发生论点转移，后文的论说跟前文的论点有变化，或者概念上混淆。

⑤深刻。文中提出的论点，应该是作者对于事物的新鲜、独到的见解，能够深入地揭示事物的本质，而不是一般化的老生常谈，以便更有力地说服读者，给人以深刻的启迪。

(2)论据，是用来证明论点的事实和道理。因此，论据包括事实材料和道理即理论材料。事实材料中又包括正面和反面事实材料，另外，数据材料也是其中一种。

(3)论证，就是用论据证明论点的过程和方法，使论据与论点之间有机地联系起来，构成一个统一的整体。论证的方法，一般都是先提出论题，经过论证、分析后得出结论。论证的过程和方法，有的逐层剖析，有的边分析边作结论，有的用设问引出问题进行论证。

2、立论和驳论

议论文从论证方式看，一般分为立论和驳论两种。

①论点要正确、鲜明。正确就是论点本身要符合马列主义、[***被屏蔽词语]思想和邓小平理论，符合客观实际，并经得起实践的检验。鲜明就是说作者必须旗帜鲜明地表示肯定什么，否定什么，赞成什么，反对什么，决不可含含糊糊，模棱两可。

②论据要真实、充分。就是说，必须举出足够的事实或公认正确的道理，证明论点的正确性。

③论证必须符合正确的推理形式。写立论性的文章，要言之成理，合乎逻辑。论点统帅论据，论据证明论点。论据必须足以证明论点，论点必须是从论据中推断出来的必然结论。

一、开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be said with certainty that...

4.As the proverb says，

5.It has to be noticed that...

6.It`s generally recognized that...

7.It`s likely that ...

8.It`s hardly that...

9.It’s hardly too much to say that...

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...

13.what’s far more important is that...

二、衔接句型

A case in point is ...

As is often the case...

As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

But it’s a pity that...

For all that...In spite of the fact that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However , the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三、结尾句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….

The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四、举例句型

Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

Here is one more example.

Take … for example.

The same is true of….

This offers a typical instance of….

We may quote a common example of….

Just think of….

五、常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.

3. I believe the title statement is valid because….

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.

六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….

8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七、演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

5. The reasons are as follows.

八、因果推理法常用句型

1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.

7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.

一. 肯定不如否定好

修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。

双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。

例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every day，就不如变成双重否定，The postman never fails to come on time，就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。

“几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响”，写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not been affected by the earthquake.

应用类似的修辞会在中为同学们加分。

二. 陈述不如倒装妙

在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。

倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，就足以应对书面表达。

我认为一个人的写作能力是在非短时间挖掘出来的，冰冻三尺非也一日之寒，是通过坚持不懈的锻炼才会取得成功的机会。冰心曾说的：“成功的花，人们只惊慕她现时的明艳！然而当初她的芽儿，浸透了奋斗的泪泉，洒遍了牺牲的血雨。其实也就告诉我们在羡慕别人取得的成功时，更应看到成功背后所付出的艰辛！每个人的写作功底都迥然不同，不是所有人都能把事情叙述好的，这就觉得就要多看书，勤练笔。读书破万卷下笔才有神。我们很多人在烦恼自己写作的文字功底不尽人意，构思的时候就有时让我们感觉词藻干枯，灵感枯竭，无法表达。这是在言情小说写作中最遗憾和苦恼的问题。所以我还是认为，写作贵为勤，勤能补拙，多练习着写一定是有益无害。

一、言情小说其往往比较注重小说的情节以及构思，构思很重要，怎么才能有悬念。写框架，后润色。

有时，我们看一篇短篇小说，或许刚开始平淡无奇，但猛然间峰回路转，让读者心生感慨，其结局往往是意料之外，但似乎又在情理之中。尽量不要让波澜不惊，尽量要“跌宕起伏”。你想下：如果你写得平淡如水，平铺直叙去把谁和谁的故事一字不漏地记录下来，那不是小说。读者看得索然寡味，失去阅读下去的信心，故事写出来是供读者欣赏的，不能由着自己的感受去写，要让读者产生共鸣。读过之后难以释怀，沉浸在你的文章中，有所感悟,久久回味。就是说需要写作的人有“催生波澜”的能力，还有高度的驾御语言和组织语言的能力。和重要的想象能力。想象能力就是能让故事情节更加吸引人的能力。无尽的想象会优化我们已经确立的点，让立意更耀眼，为文章增色不少。

二、在上周的学习中，关于言情小说的叙述方式的飞鸟老师已经谈过了。

谈下在言情小说叙述时候的人称代词

第一人称叙述的长处是有真实感，亲切自然，短处是“我”的限制，反映“我”以外的人物思想容易受到限制。

第二人称：作者用"你"、"你们"来叙述，是第二人称叙述。实用写作中很少用此人称，文学创作中有大都通篇为第一人称的，一般不用。

第三人称：作者站在第三者的立场，用叙述他人事情的口吻，把人物经历、事件经过告诉读者，这便是三人称的叙述

第三人称叙述的长处是不受时间、空间限制，写作较自由、灵活，能把人和事直接展现在读者眼前。短处是没有第一人称叙述那样亲切自然。而且，掌握起来比第一人称叙述较为困难。

三、有人写言情小说天马行空,这对写作来说,有利有，看个人如何的把握了，文章不能太散,这是缺点，在写之前.我们先确定一个中心,也就是说想要表达什么,然后我们围绕这个点,打开自己的思维,展开自己想象的翅膀,编织自己的语言,进行我们想象中的故事。

写言情小说的时候,我们必须注意最基本的要点：

1，人物形象,

2,故事情节,

3，环境描写,能烘托故事的氛围。有简有略地写.重点的,对整篇文章有推动作用的就多写...一般铺垫的就少写...写完后..我们可以多读几遍..删掉认为重复或者烦琐的地方。

再次说了，文章一定要有波澜。因为“文似看山不喜平”、“文贵曲”。在文学写作中，抒情是和叙述、描写同样重要，“文章不是无情物，情者文之经”。我们写作离不开抒情，抒情是一种很重要的表达技法。抒情的作用在于以情感人，即通过自己抒发的感情能激起读者感情上的共鸣。让读者为之动容，那样的文章也许是比较成功了。“繁采寡情，味之必厌”。

四、想谈谈灵感的问题。

灵感是我们来源于生活，情感，敏感反映。写作的文字没有一承不变的，在作者灵感闪耀时，随时有可能改变写作的思路。就是说在灵感一现的刹那，把所有的点滴灵感串连在一起，经过真实故事的幻化嫁接而成的。宁静的氛围可以酝酿灵感的净土。我认为只有心灵达到一定“空灵的状态”——“满足的状态”——“痛苦的状态”，才可以使文字、情节源源不断地流淌出来。而心灵的空灵状态常常在特幽静的环境，或者夜深人静，或者听特别静心音乐等。

空灵的状态。就是说，那时候的心境只有自己和文字。没有其他杂念干扰你。例如我比较喜欢的《琵琶语》等等，幽幽古曲，像那呢喃细语，轻缓柔和，就像幽灵一般，淡淡忧伤。丝丝缕缕，特别在深夜聆听，一切成空，空悲切。琵琶低吟，悲怨哀愁，很容易产生很多灵感如泉水般涌现。总觉得音乐能释放的感伤与悲情，以及对美好世界的向往。我相信，音乐的旋律是不分国界，不分种族，不分语言的，只要心灵相通。

五、情感写作是极为费尽心思、事情，所以也是最为痛苦的事情；最为痛苦的事情却也是最能满足写作动力，犹如“爱情毒瘤”与“爱情美梦”一般。有痛苦是动，动可以孕育故事。

情丝，在小说中可能成为一条珍贵的线索。一篇丰满的作品能刻画出小说中的感情的的美——一种刻骨铭心的痛，一个永恒的记忆，或者一个永恒的美。小说中的爱情——个个美丽的爱情故事。自古以来，多少人心甘情愿中了“爱情的毒”，可多少作家笔下的甜言蜜语，悲欢离合却一直感动着那许许多多的人啊！我相信有真正的爱情存在，而且是完美的爱情存在，虽然这种几率却是微小的。因为很多人都喜欢追求完美的爱情，完美的爱情路途太遥远，现实会粉碎你美好的童话故事，被爱所伤，痛得太绝，所以我们看到了文章中有了许多多少催人泪下，柔肠寸断，绵绵不绝的动人爱情故事。最后我们言情小说在推荐的时候注意几点：

1，记住，一个抢眼的标题会让文章增色不少，吸引人的注意从标题开始！那样上榜的几率就大大增加了

2，文章语言通顺,力求优美。故事如果不十分跌宕起伏，但是将这种感情描绘得很极致、浪漫美好、忧伤.把爱情完美化、充满青春气息等几个要素。

3，通过深刻描写来刻画出文中人物的性格特点，使塑造的人物形象立体、饱满，这才是小说。

4，另一方面就是通过一个爱情故事或者事件来写出一种人的命运。注意情感写作的几个要素。

文字优美，内容曲折，结局出人意料.千万不要太过平淡,平铺直叙,即使你故事的原型是一个人的真实经历,但是小说就是小说,要经过艺术加工.经过你认真雕琢,也就好似说是每个人都会的,那不是小说,是流水帐。

最后，请注意文章的排版，力求美观，选用合适的字体和信纸，适当配上与文字匹配的图，使之更生动、唯美。好了，打扰大家周末休息的宝贵时光了。最后祝大家周末愉快,希望我们珍惜在红袖添香这个大家庭的美好时光,温暖伴随,彼此真诚帮助,携手共舞.抒写我们美丽飞扬的文字!

1)结构2)内容要点 3)语言(词组搭配、句型、句式变化、过渡词)看结构和内容要点定分数档，看语言给成绩。这是中考英语阅卷的潜规则。 三段四步法——中考英语满分杀手锏 知己知彼，方能百战不殆，既然中考阅卷流程和内部标准已经明朗化，相对的策略也就顺利成章的形成了。现在和大家分享，笔者教学和阅卷过程中总结创立的写作满分秘诀。

1 “三段”(三个段落)——针对的阅卷老师先看文章结构和内容要点，让阅卷老师不得不给你定位一类文。 中高考情景是作文，无论是那种文体，都可以用三段法来表示。这个方法的起源是来自美国的“高考”SAT考试，(SAT是美国或它国学生想要申请美国大学必须参加的考试，故被叫过美国的高考)。 我们管这样的文章叫做HamburgerWriting(汉堡写作)

顾名思义，就是无论是记叙文、还是议论文、或者08年中考以及09一模西城的夹叙夹议文章，都可以通用。简单解释如下：

I have a litte dog“Xiao Pang”.Because It is very tittt small.Ityellow and brown.It olways run with me.It is so big.It like eat meat and rice. Sometime I call it“Xiao Pang ”, then it runs towe fast.

I love my dog.

She, like a mushroom hair long, white inside deeply red in the face with a pair of jiongjiongweishen eyes, the following is a high stand in the nose. Downwards see again, it is a plausible cherry small mouth.

She is very love as documents. If you take a look at her drawer, you can see from her drawer for this instrument. Remember the last time, the school is about to enter the reading time, and there is always a few students in his class forgot to bring my book to the school to see, so at this point, the students are anxious to look like a cat on hot bricks. At this time, she will took her from her drawer for documents, said: "I have several this document here, you are all to see." Those who dont have my book classmates like caught a lifeline, joy took the book like crazy, thank recited.

She is also a very love to help others. In her bag have a "small treasure box", there are a lot of things. For example: the art should use scissors; Chinese classes to use stapler; The glue you need for math before... Class, we want to use numerous things. Every time we all need to use the tools in the "small treasure box", without hesitation, she always for others to use, first before use.

She is a very dedicated people. Although she is not available, only a small group leader, but she do leader also do much due diligence. Each time the homework, she is the first collect; Every hair, she is just the most.

She is my good friend - summer best grace, she is the love as documents, love to help people, I approach things very due diligence of good friends.

她，长着蘑菇似的头发，白里透红的脸上长着一双炯炯有神的眼睛，下面是一个高挺的鼻子。再往下看，是一张能说会道的樱桃小嘴。

她非常爱看作文书。如果你去看一看她的抽屉，你一定可以从她的抽屉里看到好几本作文书。记得上一次，学校就要进入读书时间了，而班里面总有那么几个同学忘记带书来学校看，所以此时，那些同学都着急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。这时，她就会从她的抽屉里拿出她的作文书，说：“我这里还有好几本作文书，你们都拿去看吧。”那些没带书的同学像是抓住了一把救命稻草一样，欣喜如狂地接过书，连声道谢。

她也是一个很爱帮助别人的人。她的书包里有一个“小百宝箱”，里面有许多的东西。例如：美术课要用的剪刀;语文课要用的订书机;数学课要用的固体胶……应有尽有，我们上课要用的东西多得数不清。每次大家都需要用到“小百宝箱”里的工具时，她总是毫不犹豫地给别人先用，自己最后才用。

她还是一个很尽职的人。她虽然不是一班之长，只是一个小小的组长，但是她做组长也做得非常尽职。每一次收作业，她都是第一个收齐;每一次发作业，她都发得最多。

她就是我的好朋友——夏优璇，她就是我那个爱看作文书、爱帮助人、做事非常尽职的好朋友。

一. 心理

古人云，不战而屈人之兵，很大程度上取决于心理因素。随着四六级考试改革的深入，会有，更新，更难的题目，包括作文题目出现，这样就要求我们有处惊不变的能力。即使是出现某种没有预料到的题型，考生也应该及时调整心态、从容不迫地应答。事实上，历史经验证明：题目要求越是高，难度越是大，考生的发挥余地也就越大。挑战和机遇是成正相关的。

二. 评分

知己知彼，百战不怠。熟悉老师的评分习惯，对于考生正常、甚至是超常发挥自身水平也十分有益。正常情况下，阅卷老师要领会贯彻考试规定的评分原则，依照文章的结构和语言水平进行评分。然而，除此以外，有“两个基本点”我们也需要给予足够的重视——闪光点和语法点。在一篇出类拔萃的范文中，我们往往可以看到像提问法、谚语总结法、从句、并列句、理由段公式、理由词汇、路线句型、插入语、名词化、和被动语态等等闪光点;而在一篇低分例文中，基本的语言错误则多得数不胜数。

三. 休息

考试迫在眉睫时，同学们往往容易进入一种临考状态。这种状态比较突出的表现是夜不能寐。尤其是在专业课和全国四六级考试纷至沓来的时候，很多同学更是发扬连续作战的精神，通宵达旦，头悬梁、锥刺骨。其实这对于像四六级考试这样的高强度考试而言是有百害而无一益的。道理很简单，四六级考试对于一个学生来说，不仅是一次英语水平的综合测试，也是一种意志力、甚至是体力的考验。没有良好的休息作为后盾，考生很难笑到最后。所以，保证充足的睡眠是最基本也是首要的应试技巧。

四. 营养

无庸置疑，营养的摄入在最后关头也是异常重要的一环。在保证充分睡眠的同时，食物是另一个“工夫在诗外”的客观因素。尤其是参加四级考试的同学，早餐一定要定时定量，不可或缺。一般来说，类似奶酪苏这样的奶制品外加一杯热牛奶或者热巧克力已经足以提供整个半天考试所需的热量，当然，这也因人而异。有些体质虚弱的同学也可以考虑服用一些如西洋参、鸡精这样的营养品。不过，安眠药等有副作用的药物一定要慎用，否则过犹不及。

五. 审题

磨刀不误砍柴工。在落笔前花两三分钟时间进行构思，既有利于理清行文思路、也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遗憾。尤其是在应对图表类作文时，我们更是要看清图表，牢牢把握各个数据的变化和相互关系，才能够下笔。否则张冠李戴，即使文章本身再不同凡响、语惊四座，也只会竹篮打水、甚至起到适得其反的效果。

六. 卷面

对于像作文这样的主观题而言，考生与阅卷老师从来就犹如搏弈，无形中彼此互动、相互影响。一个考生可以做的，首先是通过卷面给阅卷老师下意识地传达个人信息。用笔的颜色(深蓝色使人心情放松愉快)、粗细(粗线条给人以安全感)，整齐划一的格式(段首或一律顶格或一律空两格)，明了的段落感(每段空一行)，清晰的字数感(一行以十字为宜)，工整的字迹都会给任何阅读者留下深刻的正面印象，从而使考生先发制人、取得先机。

七. 结构

有始有终、首尾照应，是任何一篇好文章的基本标准之一，也是两大评分原则之一。如果说广大考生已经给第一段以足够重视的话，那么是不是大多数考生都意识到了理由段的条理和最后一段的呼应在全文中所具有的不可忽视的地位了呢?其实，要写好理由段，我们只需要注意表示启承转合的衔接词即可。而要写好结尾，最好的方法莫过于温故而知新，回顾第一段的大致内容了。

八. 表达

言之无文，行而不远。语言作为评分原则中的基本要素之一，在四六级作文评分的整个过程中具有决定性作用。有评分老师甚至断言：“It is not what you say, it is the way that you say it.”(重要的并不在于考生写了些什么，而在于考生是怎么表达的。)虽然这种说法本身似乎有失偏颇，可是参加过国际标准化英语考试的同学应该也听说过那么一句话，叫做：“Give the monkey exactly what he wants.”(给阅卷老师最想要的。)，不是吗?譬如同样是描述数据，一些同学拘泥于图表本身，动辄按部就班地引用图表上现成的数字和年代，其实这都是图表作文的忌讳。聪明的同学引而不用，他们常喜欢用倍数、分数、小数、百分比、或者一些动词(double / triple / quadruple)来表现极端数据，动态数据以及他们的相异之处。

九. 检查

行百里者半九十。一篇成功的作文少不了反复推敲、一再修改。然而，由于考试时间和条件等诸多因素的限制，考生绝对需要慎重对待作文的检查和修改。这里，我不得不提考生检查作文时的三大“通病”，即，数字数、孤芳自赏、和做结构与内容上的修改。我们必须明确：考试作文的润色和修改只需要达到三个目的即可：1. 拼写正确，看文章中是否有汉字、多余符号、糊乱涂改、划线、和错别字;2. 搭配正确;和3. 语法正确，特别是人称、时态、和单复数的三一致。

鲁迅先生说过，世界上本没有路，走的人多了也就成了路。我们要善于在学习实践中发现、总结和运用规律，这样才能够在复习迎考的过程中事半功倍，百尺竿头、更进一步。路漫漫其修远兮，愿以此文抛砖引玉。

记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。下面是小编为大家整理的关于记叙文的六要素的写作基础，欢迎大家阅读!

1.记叙文一般都具备六要素，但有的记叙文，如果其中某些要素是读者熟知的，或者某些要素不交代不影响表达效果，是可以省略的。

2.记叙的人称有第一人称和第三人称。以“我”的口吻或角度来叙述的是第一人称，如《小桔灯》《孔乙己》等。采用第一称来写，便于直抒胸臆，读起来有一种亲切感和真实感。以第三人称的角度来叙述文章中的人物、事件、场景等，如《皇帝的新装》。其优点在于不受空间和时间的限制，能从更多的方面自由地叙述。

3.记叙文的线索形式有：1以时间转移为线索2以一人3以一事4以一物为线索。多数记叙文存在着两条或两条以上的线索。如《藤野先生》，文章除了以作者与藤野先生交往为叙事线索(明线)外，还有作者爱国主度思想感情这一暗线。

4.记叙的顺序要求掌握的是顺叙、倒叙、插叙三种。顺叙指记叙的时候按照事情发生、发展、和结局的顺序来写，前因后果、条理很清楚。如《一面》;倒叙，指记叙的时候把后发生的事情写在前面，把先发生的事情写在后面。先把结局说出来，吸引读者了解其起因和过程，如《背影》;插叙，指在记叙过程中，需要插入另一些有关的情节，再接着叙述后来的事情，如《驿路梨花》。

5.记叙文常用的层次划分方法有以下几种：

(1)按事件和发展过程来划分《皇帝的新装》

(2)按空间转换来划分，如《老山界》

(3)按内容变化来划分，如《从百草园到三味书屋》

(4)按人物、场景变化来划分，如《分马》

(5)按感情变化来划分，如《荔枝蜜》不太喜欢蜜蜂—想去看蜜蜂—赞美蜜蜂—想变成蜜蜂。

(6)按表达方式的变换来划分，如《一件珍贵的衬衫》，抒情—记叙—抒情、议论。

6.理解和分析记叙文中叙述、描写、议论、抒情等多种表达方式综合运用的特点和作用。理解和分析记叙文中常用的表现手法(象征、对照、衬托等)和修辞手法(比喻、拟人、排比等)，理解记叙性语言准确、生动的特点。

7.记叙文虽然以叙述、描写为主要表达方式，但常常借助议论、抒情、说明来开拓意境，深化主题。很多是各种表达方工综合运用。

(1) 叙述：把人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程表达出来的一种表达方式。它是写作中最基本、最常见、也是最主要的表达方式。

(2 )描写：是对人物的外形、动作、事物的性质、形态和景物的状貌，变化所作的具体刻画和生动描摹。

(3 )说明：是用简明的语言、客观而准确地解说事物或阐述说事理的一种表达方式。

(4)抒情：是作者通过作品中心人物表达主观感受，倾吐心中情感的文字表露，可分为直接抒情、间接抒情两种。直接抒情即直抒胸臆。间接抒情是在叙述、描写、议论中流露出爱憎感情。

(5)议论:根据作品写出自己的见解或道理.

8.记叙文的语言的特点：准确，生动。

小结：

1.记叙文的要素

2.记叙文的人称

3.记叙文的线索：1以时间转移为线索2以一人3以一事4以一物为线索

4.记叙文的顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙三种

5.记叙文的划分

6.记叙文的表达方式：叙述、描写(语言，动作，外貌，心理，神态，环境等或正面，侧面)、议论、抒情、说明等

7.记叙文的语言的特点：准确，生动

8.记叙文的表现手法：白描、衬托、渲染、对比、伏笔、铺垫等。

总结：

1.关于记叙文和文学作品阅读题的解答主要从两主面着手：

一是概括文章的内容，抓住以下几个要点：

(1)把握记叙文的要素，以写事为主的应明确写什么事，写人为主的应明确写什么样的人。

(2)把握关键性语句，揣摩作者为什么要写这些人、事。

(3)分析层与层之间的关系，理清文章脉络，然后概括。

二是弄清记叙文和文学作品的结构特点及表现形式。掌握以下划分段落的方式：

(1) 以时空变化划分 (2) 以作者思想感情的变化来划分 (3) 按记叙内容的变化来划分 (4) 按描述角度的变化、事情发展的阶段来划分

2.文段在内容上：以中心、意思相联系(思想感情)来答

在结构上：

文段在开头：总起全文

文段在中间：承上启下

文段在结尾：总结全文或照应主题或首尾呼应。

记叙文的阅读，要明确有关的知识点，把握其文体特征。

一、记叙文的概念：记叙文是以记叙、描写为主要表达方式，以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容的文章。中学阶段，为了教学的方便，常常把消息、通讯、人物传记、回忆录、寓言、童话、小说等，都划归到记叙文教学中。

二、记叙文的分类：从写作内容与方式看，可分为两类：简单的记叙文和复杂的记叙文。从写作对象的不同，可分为四类：

1.写人的记叙文;2.叙事的记叙文;3.写景的记叙文(即散文);4.状物的记叙文。

三、记叙的要素：记叙文有六要素——时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过、结果。

四、记叙的顺序：常用的有三种——顺叙、倒叙、插叙。

五、记叙的线索：一般有以下几种——人线、物线、情线、事线、时线、地线。

六、记叙的人称：一般采用第一人称或第三人称，个别时候使用第二人称。

七、记叙的中心与详略：整体感知，准确把握文章中心。分析材料与中心的关系，理解材料的详略安排。

八、记叙文所用的表达方式：常见的是五种——记叙、描写、说明、议论和抒情。比较复杂的记叙文，往往几种表达方式综合运用。

But soon changed my opinion.

Have a school extra-curricular knowledge competition. There is a problem is this: why koalas were full of incense? Born with three options: A, B live in fragrance, C it ate A kind of fragrant leaves, fragrant after A long time. The problem is where I met, oh, remember, is a scientific paper read the day before yesterday. Inside, say their love to eat eucalyptus leaves, the leaves has a composition, eat many sweet after a long time. I chose C. A few days later, the examination paper handed out a look, indeed as expected is C. There are a lot of questions, I have seen, its to do for them.

Another time, on the composition. The teacher asked us to write about gakumon. I will reference some quotes, classical poetry. Many people didnt think of, but I thought of. Composition comment on when the teacher read the article to you, let everybody to learn, also praise I love reading. These are all I read more at ordinary times more accumulation effect.

I finally understand, reading can make us more extracurricular knowledge, write good articles. Of course the most important thing is reading make life more wonderful. So a lot of good reading.

可是不久就改变了我的看法。

有一次学校组织课外知识竞赛。有一道题是这样的：树袋熊为什么浑身是香的?三个选择：A与生俱来的，B生活在清香中，C它吃了一种香的树叶，时间长了就香了。这道题我在哪见过，哦，想起来了，就是前天阅读的一篇科学论文。里面提到的，说是树袋熊爱吃桉树叶，这种树叶里有一种成分，吃多了时间长了就香了。我选了C。过了几天，试卷发下了一看，果然是C。还有好多题，我都见过，才把它们做对的。

还有一次，上作文课。老师要我们写关于劝学的文章。我就引用了一些名言、古诗。好多人都没有想到，可是我想到了。作文点评时，老师把这篇文章读给大家听，让大家学习，还表扬我爱读书呢。这些都是我平时多阅读多积累的效果。

我终于明白了，阅读能让我们多补充课外知识，写出好的文章。当然最重要的是阅读让生活变得更精彩。所以说阅读好处多多。

Dear New Year: Hello! This is the first time for the small cabinet in the public number to write a more alternative push, but it is very meaningful, it will record every day of the journey of the heart. I often tell myself that every day is worth living. Dou Handle turned southeast northwest, the four seasons and a reincarnation, such as a flash of time, the New Year you came to our side. New Years day, people often to the future time to place good wishes, pray to ring out the old and welcome the new, the day over better. In the heart of the pavilion, the New Year is a symbol of footprints - through the spring, summer, autumn and winter, but always harbor the courage to change. In fact, I have always liked the atmosphere of the New Year, no matter how far we go, go around or back to my hometown, like the sun, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. The New Year you walk through the people mountain people sea, walked the sun and the moon mountains and rivers, in the arrival of the spring time to bring the best wishes. You tell us all the time, their happiness and happy things to hide in the heart, as fireworks bloom and bloom, let the reunion in the heart of the warm to disperse the winter. Looking at your figure, listening to your blessing, I suddenly feel every hug with you is a kind of happiness, because every year you always come as expected. Everywhere you go, the sun shines. Where you point, the stars shine. The ancients often said: "a years plan begins with spring. In the New Year, your "new", new in us spend a full year, and full of hope for the next year, so that the unknown life more hope and expectation. You let us realize that each New Year is a world of bath wash, wash our past regrets, wash our pure heart, so that each person more a side of the vast "heart". But I know that each time you come, bring us a new feeling and experience! We had a special and unforgettable Spring Festival this year. At the very beginning, there was an outbreak of pneumonia across China. People were uneasy about every day, as if the New Year had lost its flavor. On the Internet, looking at pictures of empty streets and scenes of hospitals full of people, I saw that everyones eyes were full of the desire to survive, the kind of expectation that they would not give up in the difficult situation. In ordinary life, people always say "the world is not worth it", but in a crisis, it is "to live is to be happy". It made me see what happiness is. Happiness is when you are in good health and I try my best to live each day well. People are not no pursuit, but excessive desire will make people live uncomfortable. No matter what happens, you will always be able to give us hope in the New Year, give everyone the motivation to make a difference, and dispel the clouds of fear that hang over our hearts. You have come to us in the New Year with hope and with the pomp of spring. You gave everyone a beautiful wish to think: the day of spring flowers, flowers flourish, warbler, all things born spring garden. We live in a world of peace and prosperity, where everyone has the opportunity to pursue their dreams. Because of this desire, many people for their own homes, go to the front line, to protect the people behind them. Its not that theyre not afraid of the unknown. Its that they feel its worth it to protect everything. The New Year you bring us hope, one is connected to cherish, one is connected to change, one is connected to the unknown, one is connected to the star. This New Year, I firmly believe that everyone will cherish the future life, cherish the people around more. May we meet every year

1.有很多同学早晨上学不吃早餐，这是一个不好的习惯，对身体有很大的危害。请根据提示写一篇短文，指出不吃早餐的危害。70个词左右。?

提示：1.不吃早餐对身体有害;2.不吃早餐会影响上午听课。

Every morning we

have to go to school very early, so many of us don’t have breakfast. It’s very

bad for our health. In the morning we usually have four classes. It’s a long

time before lunch. If we don’t eat anything for breakfast, we may feel hungry

and we can’t listen to the teacher carefully. We need energy very much while we

are growing. I really think that we should have a good breakfast.

2

. How to keep healthy

If we want to keep our

bodies healthy, we must have a good habit. We should get up and go to bed early

and sleep at least eight hours every day. Do more exercise, such as walking,

swimming, playing balls and so on. We should also eat healthy food——more fruit

and vegetables and less meat. If you don’t feel well, you’d better see a doctor

at once. And we should wash our hands before meals and drink enough boiled

water every day. It’s necessary for our health.

We should not throw

litter about, keep long fingernails and smoke etc. It’s also very important.

3.假如你的爸爸是个医生，曾参加了2003年的非典防治工作，虽然非典已经过去了，但是他对一家人的健康仍然很重视。请你写一篇60词左右的短文，讲一下只要预防得当，疾病并不可怕。

参考词汇：personal health个人健康 spit吐痰

overwork使……过于疲劳 food and drink饮食

Keeping healthy

3.My father is a doctor. In 2003,

he took an active part in the battle against SARS.

He said,“We don’t have

to be afraid of catching the illness. If we have good habits, we can keep the

illness away.”

My father and I like

running in the morning. We keep the windows open so that the air in the room is

clean and fresh. We wash our hands before meals. We have healthy food and

drink. We don’t spit here and there. He told us not to overwork because too

much work will make us tired and make it easy to get sick.

首先，我们要浏览GMAT作文题目、审题并写出开头段。

审题和开头段同时进行，一边看题一边写，这不是回避逻辑错误，GMAT考试而是将审题、找错和写作有机地结合。第一段的任务无非就是指出论题的结论、假设、论据，并指出题目有错误。同学们会发现，在我们GMAT写作的第一段中，逻辑错误会不断的涌现出来，而当我们把有问题的假设以及原论证的逻辑结构清理以后，该论证所存在的所有问题也就都暴露出来了。

在写完开头段并审好题后，大家要趁着头脑清醒，把主要的逻辑问题都打出来。

GMAT写作原文可能出现六七个逻辑错误，而大家只需要从中挑出3-4个最主要的进行有利的攻击就可以了。因为这篇文章能不能拿高分，直接取决于与你能否抓住主要逻辑错误。也就是说，如果你忽视了非常致命的逻辑错误，那么即使你把其它的错误批驳得再好，所用的语言再美，字数再多，最后照样不及格。有人担心是不是要把所有的错误都清理出来，实际上大家只要把主要的错误都清理出来，进行有利的攻击，同样可以拿到六分，正如ETS的六分例文一样。这样做的另一个好处是可以节约时间，因为考生在正文写作时往往会把顺手的段落大写特写，力争在某点上把敌人驳的体无完肤，但是等到意识到有其它的重要逻辑错误未被谈及的时候，时间却已经到了。而首先列出提纲则可以提醒我们点到为止，切实做到合理分配时间。与其把一个问题分析的特别透彻，不如把所有的主要问题都涉及到，即使不很透彻，也比前者要好。简而言之，Argument这部分展开批驳的时候，与其断其一指，不如伤其四指。

[GMAT考试作文的写作知识之整体布局

下面是语文迷小编整理提供的100个英语写作句式，欢迎大家阅读参考。

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

从每年的考试情况来看，很多同学能完整地按照要求把文章写出来，但得分却较低。实际上，高考英语书面表达是一个分值颇高且易得分的题型，只是很多同学没有掌握得分技巧。下面我们一起看看怎样才能让高考作文拽起来。

一、几点重要原则

1.智者利用押题，傻子依赖押题!

2.书面表达整篇背诵绝无必要，可以以看读为主，关键是从中汲取一些常用的词汇和表达，并能得体熟练地运用。考场上应变能力很重要!

3.英文写作模仿很重要。有时也很有效。但不能过于牵强，尤其是对一些长难句的刻意模仿使用。

4.文似看山不喜平，起承转合一定要有!

5.见微知著，一叶知秋，几个亮点足矣：有道是：浓妆淡抹总相宜，作文写得简洁到位要比长篇大论更显功力。

6.心不为形役。不要身陷逐字逐句英汉对号式的字面翻译，要把表达的主动权始终握在自己手里。

二、善用万能句以不变应万变

历届高考，书面表达考得最多是提示作文，即提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100词左右的短文。

从命题方式看，有短文提示、要点提示、图画提示、情景提示以及图表提示等；体裁以应用文为主，记叙文为辅：题材为广大中学生所熟悉的日常生活。从提供要点的情景方面看，历届高考书面表达题均属供料小作文，采用文字供料或文字说明加图画(图表)的方式供料。

备考时，同学们要利用有限的时间把以前背的范文整理一下，从中选出不同体裁、不同题材的范文各一篇(范文以高考真题的高分作文为佳)，把它们重新记忆，一定记牢。这样，高考时不管什么样的文章都可套用背诵好的格式。避免考场上因紧张而无章可循。

最后阶段，还要总结一下写作时常用且能出彩的固定句型、句式，比如强调句型、定语从句、名诃性从句等，牢记英语的五个基本句式，背诵平时老师总结的万能句。以不变应万变。

考场答题前，应仔细审题，研究所提供的文字和图画(图表)材料和作文要求。分析、提炼要点，理顺要点，确立基本的写作思路，不要忽略任何一个词。关键的词更不能遗漏，构思好写几个方面，缺一不可。

写作时，尽量用学过的英语句型和词组。少写长句和复杂句以免弄巧成拙、漏洞百出。但目前高考有关书面表达的评分标准要求作文中应有较多的语法结构和词汇，因此同学们在书面表达中不能都写小句、短句和单句，还要正确运用高级词汇和复杂结构。恰当运用过渡词，使写出来的文章含金量更高，更具可读性。

三、高分作文六大特性

1.条理性。指的是合理安排文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次。根据需要，安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，也要重视每一段的开头和结尾，开头语往往是总起句，结尾语往往是总结句。

2.准确性。指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，在实践中不断总结中英用法的差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。

3.流畅性。指根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。

4.简洁多样性。简洁性就是语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。

5.思想性。新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。

6.美观性。指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。

四、怎样才能有拽的感觉

1.高考写作的实质变相考查句型与词汇的灵活应用

英语写作不同于语文作文的写作，如果说语文作文是一个自由发挥的舞蹈，那么高考英语写作就是带着枷锁在跳舞。我之所以这样来形容，是因为高考英语写作的内容都已经通过文字、表格、图片这三种形式给定，内容方面，不需要学生进行发挥，大家所需要发挥的就是不要老去给这个不变的内容穿毫无变化的校服(简单句)，而要去穿一些不一样的衣服，让它显得不那么单调，让阅卷老师能看到不同，而那些所谓的衣服也就是多变句型与词汇。

2.写作的评分标准怎么去迎合评卷老师的胃口

我了解到目前很大一部分学生的作文都处在15分左右，写作满分25分，15分也就是个及格分，那么15分和20多分的作文到底差在哪里?这个问题很容易回答。15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但是全都是简单句子的堆砌，没有任何亮点。而20多分的作文在句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的句子穿的衣服已经不是校服，而是李宁、耐克，或者是阿迪，所以让人觉得很拽，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很拽的感觉。

3.写作提分的三要素句型。连词。高级词汇

句子是我们写作文最大的单位。有了漂亮的句子。用好的连词将其连句成段，再加上一些如星星般亮点词汇的点缀，一篇好的高考英语作文就诞生了。而这三个因素中最容易把握的是句子，最难的是高级词汇，限于大家的词汇还比较有限。一篇文章中出现那么一两个就够了。我们应该把重心放在句型上，因为这个最容易把握。

但是大家又有这样的困惑，学校里老师也给了我们很多的句型啊，动辄成五十上百句的，大家背得挺多，但是面对考试的时候，发现背的那些怎么也用不上。其实不是那些东西没有用，而是它们太干了，就好比一根干骨头，大家嚼起来很没有味。也不知道该把它们往哪里放。

在这里我给大家提供一种比较切实可行、迅速提高的练习方法，在接下来的时间里只要大家按照这个方法来，就一定会有收获。

找出历年真题，一周只需要写两篇。但是要这么来写。

1.把你要写的内容要点用九到十句的汉语表达出来。

2.逐一地进行翻译，不是用简单句。而是要刻意地去想：

(1)可以用什么样的复杂句；

(2)怎样去避开不会的表达，转义。

例如：

这本书是如此的有趣，以至于我读了一遍又一遍。

1.This book was so interest，ing that l read it again and again，

2.This was such an interest，ing book that l read it again andagain，

3.This was s0 jnteresting abook that l read it again and again

4.So interesting was thisbook that l read it again and again

这四句译文当中无疑评卷老师最欣赏的是第四句，因为它用了倒装。

4.如何备考

其实这种思维大家都有。但是没有成为一种思路，让它能在考试中起到作用，那是因为大家练得少。英语写作处在一种很尴尬的境地，一方面大家要分数。但另外一方面大家一个学期里写的作文也就是期中期末的两篇。毫不夸张地说，有的学生上了三年的高中可能只写了六篇作文，所以练习是很重要的，要是现在不练而把高考当练习。那么作文只拿14、15分也合情合理了，到那时你不要骂评卷老师不公平，而应该问问自己备考的时候为什么不多练几篇。时间都是挤出来的，希望大家可以挤出时间来练写作。

英雄就是凡人，在某时不顾个人安危，不计得失，敢于迎难而上的人，就堪称英雄。下面是语文迷为大家整理提供的英语作文：My Hero，希望对你有帮助。

My Hero篇一

As for the meaning of hero, Different people have different explanations. My hero is common people, but they do extraordinary things in their lives.

During the war years, fighting heroes of the liberation of the motherland sacrificed their lives to blow up people`s enemy in the air in order to open up the road of victory. From Dong Cunrui to Huang Jihuang ...... countless heroes with their lives, write On-e after another heroic patriotic movement which had inspired the patriotic spirit of generations of youth.

At the beginning of PRC, no one could not forget a person who helped a large numbers of people selflessly.His name was Lei Feng. To be specific, Comrade Lei Feng dedicated all his life to the people, which had a profound effect on the healthy growth of teenager-s .

Nowadays we youngsters pride ourselves on treating the Peoples Liberation Army as our hero. After Wenchuan earthquake happened, Chinese Peoples Liberation Army responded quickly in several hours . In the face of this severe trial, they developed the spirit of never afraid of sacrifice,no fear of fatigue and continuous fighting, and overcame all obstacles.Ultimately, Chinese people gained the great victory of earthquake relief .

All in all, our hero are often ordinary to the public. However, in order to safe-guard the people`s interest and defend state sovereignty, they can give up their family, their wealth and even their lives. Consequently, our hero will live in my heart till the end.

My Hero篇二

There are lots of heros in the world,but for me,Severus Snape is the biggest hero in my heart.

Severus Snape is a character in Harry Potter and he was born on January 9,1960.He was a professor in Hogwarts who taught students Potions and Defence Against The Dark Arts. Everybody thought Severus is an Eeath eater and belongs to Vlodemort because he killed Dumbledore.But in Harry Potter And The Deathy Hollows, when Severus died,he gave Harry his memory and said deeply:“Look at me.” Harry looked inside his memory and found out Severus loved Harry’s mother Lily very much and just because Vodemort killed her so he would rather let everyone hate him and spyed on Vodemort.

Severus Snape’s love is very moving. He lived for Lily and died for Lily. He loved her so much that he has to protect her son Harry even thought he is not his son. When Dumbledore asked him:“ You still love her, after all these time?” Severus answered firmly:“Always.” These words moved every reader’s heart.

Severus is not a real person,but I still think he is a great hero.He is,very brave and strong.

well-known 众所周知 important 重要的 pollution 污染

focus 面对 benefit 益处 development 发展

society 社会 knowledge 知识 necessary 必要的

opinion 观点 harm 危害 exception 例外

advantage 优点 disadvantage 缺点 serious严峻的

measures 措施 solve 解决 overcome 克服

increase 增加 decrease减少 deny 否认

prefer 喜欢 example 例子 addicted 沉迷

useful 有用的

play an important role in our life在生活中扮演重要角色

with the development of our society 随着社会的发展

bring a lot of benefits 带来很多益处

everything has two sides 任何事物都具有两面性

Become more and more serious 变得越来越严峻

on the contrary 相反 take measures 采取措施

solve this problem 解决这个问题

the best way to 最好的方法

overcome the difficulties 克服困难

be faced with 面对

No one can deny the fact that 没有人能够否认这个事实。。。

in favour of 赞同 支持 For example 例如

become addicted to the Internet 沉迷于网络 All in all 总之

come to the conclusion 得出结论

As far as I am concerned that 就我而言

There is no doubt that 毫无疑问

in a right way 正确的方法

waste a lot of time 浪费时间

小说是什么?理论上的定义是：小说是作者对社会生活进行艺术概括，通过叙述人的语 言来描绘生活事件，塑造人物形象，展开作品主题，表达作者思想感情，从而艺术地反映和 表现社会生活的一种文学体裁。下面是小编收集的微型小说的写作基础，欢迎阅读。

微型小说又名小小说，超短篇小说，一分钟小说。过去它作为短篇小说的一个品种而存在， 后来的发展使它已成为一种独立的文学样式，其性质被界定为"介于边缘短篇小说和散文之 间的一种边缘性的现代新兴文学体裁"。阿·托尔斯泰认为："小小说是训练作家最好的学 校。"(《论文学》)

日本作家星新一指出："很久以前就存在着类似超短篇小说的作品。……但是，超短篇小说 这个名字的正式出现，是源于美国。"多数人推崇美国作家欧·亨利(1862-1910) 是创始人。他的近三百篇作品，情节生动，笔调幽默。其中《麦琪的礼物》脍灸人口。可以 这么说，超短篇小说具有立意新颖、情节严谨、结局新奇三要素。即在1500字以内，要概 括出普通小说应具有的一切。也可以说，微型小说是一种敏感，从一个点、一个画面、一个 对比、一声赞叹、一瞬间之中，捕捉住了小说--一种智慧、一种美、一个耐人寻味的场景， 一种新鲜的思想。

微型小说在写作上追求的目标是四个字：微、新、密、奇。

一、微。指的是篇幅微小，不超过一千五百个字。因此，构思和行文时必须注意字句的 凝炼，不允许作品中有赘词冗句。如马克·吐温的《丈夫支出帐本中的一页》。全文只有七 行字，却具有长篇小说的全部情节。

二、新。指的是立意新颖，风格清新。星新一写作一分钟小说，就极力追求"新"。他写道： "有些评论家把我的小说与美国的超短篇小说(Short-Short)混为一谈，这是不妥当的。 我是受了美国超短篇小说的影响。但是没有完全依靠，而是发挥了自己独特的风格和技巧。 我的小说强调一个新字，给读者以新题材、新知识，甚至让他们感到惊讶!"(星新一《一 分钟小说选》)为此，他常常借助于童话、寓言、科幻、推理等手法，通过非现实的题材或 现实题材的非现实笔法，反映他在现实生活中的独特的感觉，表现清新的主题，如他的《保 修》。 当然，微型小说的立意和其它形式的小说作品一样，有时并不是一眼能看出的，有时主题并 非一个，是多元化的，这都是可以的。例如美国著名科幻作家弗里蒂克·布朗写的一篇被称 为世界上最短的科学幻想小说："地球上最后一个人独自坐在房间里，这时忽然响起了敲门 声……"就写得十分别致而耐人寻味。

三、密。指的是结构严密。微型小说的作者在结构上，应力求时间、场所、人物都尽可 能地压缩、集中，使作品结构简练、精巧，如同微雕工艺品那样。因此，特别要在选材、剪 裁和布局上下功夫。

四、奇。指的是结尾要新奇巧妙，出人意料。微型小说的特点多半在于一个"奇"字。 中外作家的许多优秀作品就常在结尾处使人拍案叫绝。如邵宝健的《永远的门》的结尾就出 人意料。

对待微型小说的特点及技巧，一要弄通掌握， 争取在理论指导下站在较高起点上进行实践，二要灵活运用，甚至不去联系，让它们在潜意识中随时起到作用。还可以摹仿。照搬形式、技巧， 发扬精华，受到感应，并力求创新，出自己意。上述特点， 特别是"博采众长"中已经具备了微型小说的一些结构要求。以下再列出一种模式，供初学者学习。

模式如下：

【开头】要使人"一见钟情"。方式有三种：

▲造成悬念，引起兴趣。如《那团云雾》，开头就写不知怎的没了游兴，连山顶上也罩上一团云雾。

▲开门见山，进入情节。往往开头就是人物对话。

▲含蓄蕴藉，曲径通幽。往往描写景物， 烘托铺垫并有照应和伏笔。

【中间】结构主要有三种基本类型：

▲曲折生致式。

①单线曲折，一波三折。如王任叔的《河豚子》，写一农民在二三十年代的社会背景中，因穷困而自杀的过程：弄回毒鱼， 却看到孩子们兴高采烈;怕见惨象而出外， 回来后却见妻儿欢笑等待;吃后等死，却因鱼失去毒性，死不成仍要受苦。

②双线交叉，内在联系。一人两事，或两人一事;可以是两条明线，也可一明一暗，互为陪衬。如《小星的暑假日记》， 父亲编造假材料，儿子编写假日记。父亲打骂儿子后， 再要写材料时只好苦笑。

③反复回环，同中见异。如《奇妙的循环不等式》，车上只有一个空位，售票员不让老太太坐，却让"首长"坐。 司机上车后赶开"首长"请经理坐，经理的丈母娘正是老太太。 又如《他们都是瞎子》，写一对青年热恋、结婚、离婚时都看见一对瞎子相搀相扶。

④前后对比，双峰对峙。 如《变化》写一个业余作者先后发表两篇稿件后，单位领导不同的态度。

(5)欲扬先抑，欲抑先扬。前者，"扬"是主体， 却先在"抑"上着笔，突然一转归于"扬"。后者相反。这样，产生了情节发展的意外性，加强了相反相成的艺术效果。

▲重旨复意式。微型小说应以小暗示大，达到意义的升华;要讲象外之旨，言外之意，引起读者想象。主要采用：①象征。 用具体物象寓示概念或另一形象，但只起结构作用， 不是象在诗歌中着力描写的中心形象那样。如《枪口》， 写一官复原职的领导用别人送的枪打下猎物时，得知走后门的"枪口"也对准了他。 ②双关。如《向不通》， 写大学生向不通十年勤恳工作反不如工作差的升得上去，因而"想不通"。③比喻。如《"炮"炸宴席》， 写小孙子在酒宴上放炮仗捣乱， 又在爷爷不满新经理四十来岁年纪轻时放"炮"："你不是十八岁就当县长!爸爸三十出头就当厂长了! "④省略。这是一种具象化的空白。如《落果》， 老门卫退休后门口枣树上果子不熟就被打光，他写信给厂长："连几十张馋嘴都管不住，还管厂。"接着省略了厂长感奋、整顿厂风的情节， 而写第二年老师傅收到一包红枣。

▲采用其它文体和艺术体裁的特长。

【结尾】结尾宜巧，要"回眸一笑"。主要有三种：

▲画龙点睛，首尾呼应。如《那团云雾》，开头败了游兴，峰顶似乎有团云雾，结尾那团云雾也不见了。

▲戛然而止，含蓄隽永。如二百来字的《书法家》，局长在书法展览会上应邀不过写了两个拿手的好字是"同意"， 面对惊叹和要求只好无奈地说?quot;能写好的数这两个字……"这样结尾， 韵味无穷，艺术容量很大。

以上两种结尾方法只能撩起读者短暂的激动，最佳结尾是：

▲出人意外，扣人心弦。即"欧·享利式结尾"，其特点是"巧"。整个布局为结尾服务，读者以为情节东向演进， 结果却西向而行，抖包袱，亮底牌。这种结尾， 打破了情节发展惯用的结构手法，给人以新奇感，深化了主题，增加了容量。大家熟知的《麦琪的礼物》就是这样，一对穷困夫妻为在节日时互送礼物而煞费苦心，最后礼物拿出来却没用：一个卖掉金表为妻子买了梳子， 一个剪掉长发为丈夫买了根表链。又如澳大利亚的《窗》，靠窗的病人每天为角落病人描述窗外美景，为苍白的生活增光添彩。 但是角落病人却见死不救，图谋到了靠窗的好位置，抬头望见窗外只是一堵高墙。

With numerous technological advances,various kinds of media have been well developed. as a result,an increasing number of people are fond of purchasing goods with the help of media,such as newspapers,radio stations,Tv stations and the internet.

As we know, every coin has two sides and shopping via media is no exception. on the one hand,it saves much time,money and effort to purchase goods through media since you do not have to go to the shops in person.

Besides,you can choose what you want from an enormous variety of goods on display.On the other hand,you may be cheated sometimes by the false information and suffer a considerable loss.

As far as I am concerned, shopping via media brings great benefit to our life and our economy on the whole.At the same time, we need strengthened supervision over the information released via media.In this way,we can reap more benefits from shopping via media and reduce the possible harm to a minimum.

Compared to the universe, our lives are really short, just like a meter. But the meaning of life doesn’t depend on its length but contributions. For example, Marie Curie, in order to find the radium, she devoted her whole life to the research. Though the radioactive element had shorter her life, she never gave up her mind to serve the world. According to her story, I conclude that the first meaning of life is contribution. The standard of judging a life isn’t how much he asks for but how much he gives away.

和宇宙相比，我们的生命其实很短暂，仿佛只有一米。但是生命的意义并不取决于它的长度，而取决于它的贡献。比如，居里夫人为了发现镭把她的毕生都奉献到研究中。尽管放射性元素缩短了她的生命，但她从来没有放弃为世界服务的决心。根据她的故事，我可以得出这样一个结论，生命的最初意义在于奉献。判断一个人生命的标准不是他索取了多少而是他贡献了多少。

The second meaning of life is struggling for our goals. Each of us has goals, such as longing for position, hoping for wealth and looking forward to be loved. However, the path leading to them isn’t filled with roses. But no matter how tough to accomplish our dream we should never say die. If you really want to achieve them, please keep diligent and patient just like an English motto goes;“No pains ,no gains.”

生命的第二大意义在于为我们的目标努力奋斗。我们每个人都有目标，比如追求职位，渴望财富，期待被爱。但是，通往它们的道路是布满荆棘的。但是不管实现梦想有多艰难，我们都应该永不言败。如果你真的想实现它们，请保持勤奋和耐心，就像一句英语座右铭说的：“没有付出就没有收获。”

The third meaning of life is happiness. Not only should we keep happy, but also bring enjoyment to others .For example, we can have an optimistic attitude which can affect the people in our surroundings. Besides, we are supposed to be ready to help others, because in this way we can make both us and them happy .I consider it an unchangeable truth that ‘Helping others creates happiness.’

生命的第三大意义在于快乐。我们不仅应该保持快乐，也应该给别人带来快乐。比如，我们可以抱着乐观的态度去影响身边的人。此外，我们应该乐于助人，因为这样我们可以使我们和别人都开心。我认为“助人为乐”是不变的真理。

just want to say, the lives for us are limited, but we are able to make efforts to make it shine out .Believe it, though our lives are rather short, we can also make a hit .If we try our best, our lives will be meaningful as well.

我只想说，生命给予我们的是有限的，但是我们可以努力使它发光。相信，尽管我们的生命很短暂，我们同样可以使它绽放光芒。如果我们尽力了，我们的生命同样有意义。

我的老师长着瓜子脸，眼睛小得像两颗小樱桃，嘴巴时圆时扁，牙珍珠似的白。她就是我的英语老师——刘老师，我们都叫她刘老师，她读英语很标准，也很会教学生。

刘老师有很和善的一面——有一次原本不是您上的课，可是您却来上我们的课，我们当时还有些怨恨，但是您居然给我们道歉，而且您上课给我们带来了许多乐趣，和我们玩一些游戏，让我们从中学到了许多。

老师有时也很严肃——对待没交作业的同学，她总是很“凶”的，罚他们抄书或是补写几次作业，所以，班上一些不听话的学生也变得乖很多了。

我们就像是一朵小花，老师就像是“园丁”一样精心的照顾着我们。老师，我想对你说：你是我开启智慧的敲门砖；你是我打开幸福之门的金钥匙，是您让我懂得怎样做人，不要让自己迷失在任何地方。

是您让我学会了英语，开启了让我通向世界各国的门！