2015年英语六年级写作基础知识精选8篇 作文(精选20篇)

导语：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，练习英语写作也是一样，三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的，必须得持之以恒的练习，才会有进步。下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less

laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

121. on the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。

122. students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性

123. whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

124. on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

125. due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

130. as for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. in the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.

首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132. although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133. in the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.

第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134. although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in peoples life, an increasingevidences show that it is less useful than many people think.

尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. from what has been discussed above, i firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. the maintenance of the traditionaltechnology and methods is futile.

通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. at the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.

当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。

137. nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

138. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

139. there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

140. it is universally acknowledged that trees are

indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

141. there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

142. an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

143. the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

144. so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

145. rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

146. the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你越努力，你越进步。

147. the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

148. to average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that english often means a good opportunity for ones career, is this really the case?

对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗?

149. by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。

150. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

151. on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

152. it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

153. those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

154. there is no one but longs to go to college.

人们都希望上大学。

155. since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

156. it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

157. summer is sultry. thats the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

158. the progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

159. we should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

160. taking exercise is closely related to health.

作运动与健康息息相关。

161. we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

162. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

163. smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

164. reading does good to our mind.

读书对心灵有益。

165. overwork does harm to health.

工作过度对健康有害。

166. pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

167. we should do our best to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

169. as is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.

众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.

现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

171. from what i have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on tv has great influence on youngsters behavior.

从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.

人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. my suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. to begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. people differ in their attitudes towards failure. faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. others, however, lose heart and give in.

人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. it is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. as a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. on the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. people in many countries are suffering from public hazards.

常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. lets take cars for example. they not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. the noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. it is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

179. there is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

掌握一些常用的句型对高考英语写作尤为重要。下面是语文迷网整理的句型，大家一起来看看吧。

一、开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be said with certainty that...

4.As the proverb says，

5.It has to be noticed that...

6.It`s generally recognized that...

7.It`s likely that ...

8.It`s hardly that...

9.It’s hardly too much to say that...

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...

13.what’s far more important is that...

二、衔接句型

A case in point is ...

As is often the case...

As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

But it’s a pity that...

For all that...In spite of the fact that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However , the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三、结尾句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….

The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四、举例句型

Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

Here is one more example.

Take … for example.

The same is true of….

This offers a typical instance of….

We may quote a common example of….

Just think of….

五、常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.

3. I believe the title statement is valid because….

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.

六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….

8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七、演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

5. The reasons are as follows.

八、因果推理法常用句型

1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.

7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.

Looking forward to! Looking forward to ah, see the Spring Festival is coming soon, think about it, I couldnt help laughing, before the Spring Festival,

Fresh people were jubilant. Shopping came in an endless stream, some are buying New Year pictures, some are buying necessities and some sit around the stove fire box to watch TV, there are people playing mahjong playing poker, and so on.

Anyway, the street colourful, all kinds of people, a full range of variety of goods, full of beautiful things in eyes, Im afraid people want to buy what all difficult to choose!

Lights before the Spring Festival, every family, every family dressed house having a unique style, each have each personality. They put to buy necessities to all over the floor. Bought New Year paintings how stick method, then each have their own style and preferences. Some dish, some backwards, and the crooked stick, each has his strong point. People buy vegetables all fixed, such as the Spring Festival comes, only can be a festival. Families with firecrackers, people wear new clothes, preparing New Year, before the Spring Festival, people go out, if met good friends, always mouth dont forget to say: "the streets!"

People kill pig to kill sheep, busily preparing for the Spring Festival belly-worship.

The Spring Festival, the children will get up early, to mom and dads room, the traditional New Year ceremony. The children of parents said some lucky though, my parents brought out New Years money, let the children happily. Everybody hope this year to luck, a thriving business.

Some friends and family together, taste the wine, talked some happy message. And the most happy is, we can take off to save money, and then happy running up the street to buy a lot of fun things, such as cars, buggies, toy guns, football, etc., and as long as our mouth sweet a bit, say more blessed penis, that can make a lot of money!

People have been playing late into the night, his mouth eating delicious fruit, setting off firecrackers fireworks in his hand... Adult children singing and dancing, potter to play with!

盼啊!盼啊，眼看春节就快到了，想到这，我不由得笑了起来，在春节前，

人们个个喜气洋洋，个个精神饱满。逛街的人络绎不绝，有的在买年画，有的在买年货，有的坐着火箱围着火炉看电视，还有的人在打麻将打扑克，等等不一而足。

反正街上五彩缤纷，各种各样的人都有，各种各样的货物都齐全，琳琅满目，人们恐怕想买什么都难选择!

春节前，家家户户都灯火通明，家家都把房子打扮得别具一格，各有各的个性。他们把买来的年货放得满地都地。买来的年画怎么贴法，那就各有自己的风格和喜好了。有的正着贴，有的倒着贴，还有的歪着贴，各有千秋。人们把买来的菜全部都弄好了，只等春节一到，就可一饱口福了。家家备有鞭炮，人们穿上新衣服，准备迎新年，在春节前，人们一出门，如果遇上了好朋友，总是口中不忘说一句：“上街啊!”

人们杀猪宰羊，忙碌地准备着春节大吃大喝一番。

春节到了，小朋友们便早早起床，来到爸爸妈妈的房间，开始了传统的拜年仪式了。小朋友们对父母说着一些吉祥话儿，爸妈就拿出压岁钱，让小孩子们高高兴兴。大家都希望今年能够吉祥如意，招财进宝。

一些亲朋好友欢聚一堂，品尝着美酒佳肴，谈着一些开心的话儿。而最高兴的则是我们，可以大把大把地攒取压岁钱，然后就欢天喜地跑到街上去买很多好玩的东西，如小汽车、四驱车、玩具枪、足球等，而我们只要嘴巴甜一点，多说些祝福的话儿，那可就大赚一笔了!

人们一直玩到深夜，嘴里啃着美味水果，手里燃放鞭炮烟花……大人小孩们载歌载舞，忘情地玩个痛快!

开头部分:

How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分：

With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

Last week, when I passed a clothes shop, I was attracted by the beautiful

dress, so I asked my mother to give me money to buy one. But she refused me and

said that I could collect some money by helping her to do little work. I agreed.

So I started to clean the house and the dishes. Sometimes washed my father’s

car. Finally I got enough money.

Dear Mother,

Hello! You are my teacher on the road of life, is my model of learning life, every bit of my growth is written by your love, looking back on the fleeting time, including joy, pain, tears and laughter.

There is one thing, I still can not forget, I wonder if you still remember? One time after school, I let you buy me spicy string, you said: this no nutrition, I go to buy you a cake. I said: No, I will have spicy kebabs. Without saying a word, you took me to the cake king. After buying the cake you let me carry, I put a pout, head a low pretend not to hear, not only did not pay you; And threw the door and ran out. Back at home, you give me cooking; Fill me with rice; Help me to my dish... Looking at your busy figure, my heart is very sad, you work day and night for me, but I...... Mother I am not sensible; Well, Im sorry... Mom, is you raise me, is you a mouthful of rice feed me grew up, you for my laundry, cooking, after going to school, regardless of the wind, rain, you pick me up on time every day to school, school, evening but also help me write homework, teach me some truth, you pay too much for me too much...... Thank you for giving me life, for giving me happiness, for giving me the chance to make my life worth living.

Thank you for raising me and being my first teacher, teaching me how to live and how to be grateful.

A mothers love is like a gentle, a mothers love is a poem, the poem have not finished writing, tears down slowly, the years in a hurry, some things will dissipate over time, my mother gave me love and will never disappear, a mothers love is like the sun in the sky, always warm my heart, a mothers love, like the sea, and endless, unfathomable, but contained all my fault, a mothers love is like snow mountain in one thousand, glittering and translucent and transparent. Some people say: a mothers love is like a poem, a mothers love is like a song. I would like to say: how can a small poem write a mothers love, how can a piece of music sing a mothers love, a picture, how can draw a mother? A thousand words come in one sentence: mom, I love you!

I wish you a successful New Year and good health.

网络评论是就某个新闻事实或新闻事件借助网络媒体所发表的评论。小编收集了网络评论写作基础知识，欢迎阅读。

一、网络评论的概念

网络评论是就某个新闻事实或新闻事件借助网络媒体所发表的评论。主要区别于电视、报刊、广播等传统媒体上刊载的评论。网络评论与传统媒体的载体不同，严格意义上，网络转载的其他媒体的评论，不属于网络评论，网络评论是借助网络媒体所发表的原创评论。

二、网络评论的特点

据有关数据显示，中国网民数量已达5.64亿，其中，10—19岁网民是最大的用户群体，拥有高中学历者占到39.4% ，主要构成群体是青年学生和城市白领。由于网络载体的原因，网络评论与报纸、电视等评论存在不少差异，其特点是：反应迅速、文章短小、观点鲜明、论证新颖、语言鲜活。

1、反应迅速。新闻事件发生后，纸媒、电视等媒体要发布评论，有时要受制于出版和播出时间的限制，而网评不受这个限制。比如人民网人民网评在发布莫言获得诺奖的评论就发表在2012年11月11日当天，而人民日报《让文学回归我们的内心》则在第二天了，人民日报海外版《从莫言获奖说起》、《莫言获奖空前不绝后》则在2012年11月13日。

2、文章短小。纸媒评论一般字数在1000——1200字左右，人民日报的“人民论坛”字数在1200字左右;而网络评论字数一般在1000字以内，人民网的“人民网评”现在一般在1000字左右;新华网的“新华网评”则在800字左右的较多。

3、 观点鲜明。网评的观点受制于网络媒体的特点和网络受众的特点，它的观点通常都是开门见山，直抒胸臆。不像纸媒评论以及杂文那样，需要铺垫、绕弯，而是直接提出自己的观点，紧接着就论述。但是网络评论的标题制作一般较长，基本上是把新闻事件和观点同时表达出来。

4、论证新颖。网络是一个新媒体，网络评论的作者新人也较多，许多人没有传统媒体的条条框框，与我们生活着的现实世界联系紧密，从论证技巧到语言文字都有着新鲜的痕迹。王石川的《致考生，努力了你就无悔青春》这篇评论，就借用了年轻人喜欢的歌曲《致青春》，拉近了评论与年轻读者的距离。“青春是一场渐行渐远的诗歌，无论悲欢，都是记忆;无论好坏，都不是终点。走过这段路，轻装上阵，迎接下一个渡口。”他的这种观点在《致青春》的歌曲氛围中，是很容易被考生们接受的。

5、语言鲜活。网络评论在很多时候都使用了网络语言。除了文中使用以外，有许多网评标题也都是由鲜活的语言组织起来的：《“电荒”源于利润“掐架”》、 《新车改：没有执行力，“神马”仍将都是“浮云》 、《 “菜鸟”能给马云下多大的蛋》.......

网络语言是伴随着网络的发展而新兴的一种有别于传统平面媒介的语言形式。它以简洁生动的形式，一诞生就得到了广大网友的偏爱，发展神速。比如“杯具”、“神马都是浮云”、“ 斑竹 ”等等。鲜活的网络语言甚至影响了正规的纸媒。2010年11月10日《人民日报》头版头条刊登《江苏给力“文化强省”》一文，就用了网络词汇“给力”，中国组织人事报评论：《正确对待群众的“拍砖”》就用了网络语言“拍砖”。

所以，网络评论写作，要使用网络语言，这样，写出的评论才是网络评论而不是别的什么评论。

1、organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc。 下笔前整合思绪：脑力激荡，写出纲要等。

2、write clearly。 be concise。 avoid wordiness。写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。

3、use good grammar and write complete sentences。 使用好的文法，写出完整句子。

4、write simple sentences。 avoid a fancy style。 尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。

5、avoid slang、cliche and informal words。 避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。

6、avoid use of the first person (i。e。 i/me/my) unless necessary to specific piece。除非必要，避免使用第一人称：如“我/我的”。

7、writing naturally。 read it aloud。 does it sound natural? does it flow? 自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗?通顺吗?

8、move logically from one idea to the next。 dont skip steps。 上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。

[坚持八条英语作文的写作守则

诗词，是指以古体诗、近体诗和格律词为代表的中国汉族传统诗歌。亦是汉字文化圈的特色之一。小编收集了诗词写作的基础知识，欢迎阅读。

【含义】

押韵，又作压韵，是指在韵文的创作中，把相同韵部的字放在规定的位置上。诗词歌赋句末(偶亦在句中)用同一韵母的字，以使声韵和谐。一般用于偶句句尾。也称韵脚。在某些句子的最后一个字，都使用韵母相同或相近的字，使朗诵或咏唱时，产生铿锵和谐感。

所谓韵部，就是将相同韵母的字归纳到一类，这种类别即为韵部。同一韵部内的字都为同韵字。

任何诗歌都要求押韵，古今中外概莫能外，所不同者，对于押韵的限制多与少、严与宽的不同而已。这也是诗歌同其它文学体裁的最大分别。比较常用的是《108部平水韵》，详见前篇“浅谈古诗词韵律”。

押韵是增强诗歌音乐性的重要手段，近体诗为了使声调和谐、容易记忆，对于押韵十分讲究。古人通常使用官方颁布的专门指导押韵的书，如《唐韵》、《广韵》、《礼部韵略》、《佩文诗韵》、《诗韵集成》、《诗韵合壁》等，以南宋王文郁撰的《新刊韵略》最为流行，刘渊先生后来编著了一本《壬子新刊礼部韵》，即现在的《平水韵》。

韵脚是韵文(诗、词、歌、赋等)句末押韵的字。一篇(首)韵文的一些(或全部)句子的最后一个字，采用韵腹和韵尾相同的字，这就叫做押韵。因为押韵的字一般都放在一句的最后，故称“韵脚”。引这些字的韵母要相似或相同。

韵又叫做韵母。韵母分为韵首、韵腹、韵尾三部分。一般只要韵尾相同，韵腹相同或者相近即可，而对于韵首则不做考虑。律诗里的韵和现代普通话里以及新华字典里的韵不尽相同，有些字，看着读音相同，韵母也一样，但却不属于同一个韵部;而有些字，看着读音有差异。所以，写诗的时候，应该先掌握一些简单的声韵知识。

韵是诗词格律的基本要素之一。从《诗经》到后代的诗词，差不多没有不押韵的。民歌也没有不押韵的。在北方戏曲中，韵又叫辙，押韵叫合辙。一首诗有没有韵，是一般人都觉察得出来的。至于要说明甚么是韵，那却不太简单。但今天的汉语拼音字母，对于韵的概念还是容易说明的。

诗词中所谓韵，大致等于汉语拼音中所谓韵母。大家知道，一个汉字用拼音字母拼起来，一般都有声母，有韵母。例如"公"字拼成gōng，其中g是声母，ōng是韵母。声母总是在前面的，韵母总是在后面的。同韵的字大致都可以用来押韵。

举个例子：

《书湖阴先生壁》

(宋)王安石

茅檐常扫净无苔，

花木成蹊手自栽。

一水护田将绿绕，

两山排闼送青来。

这里"苔"、"栽"和"来"押韵，因为它们的韵母都是ai。"绕"字不押韵，因为"绕"字拼起来是rào，它的韵母是ao，跟"苔"、"栽"、"来"不是同韵字。依照诗律，像这样的四句诗，第三句是不押韵的。

在拼音中，a、e、o的前面可能还有i，u、ü，如ia，ua，uai，iao，ian，uan，üan，iang，uang，ie，üe，iong，ueng等，这种i，u，ü叫做韵头，不同韵头的字也算是同韵字，也可以押韵。

例如：

《四时田园杂兴》

(宋)范成大

昼出耘田夜绩麻，

村庄儿女各当家。

童孙未解供耕织，

也傍桑阴学种瓜。

诗中的"麻"、"家"、"瓜"的韵母是，韵母虽不完全相同，但它们是同韵字，押起韵来是同样谐和的。

押韵的目的是为了声韵的谐和。同类的乐音在同一位置上的重复，这就构成了声音回环的美。但是，为甚么当我们读古人的诗的时候，常常觉得它们的韵并不十分谐和，甚至很不谐和呢?这是因为时代不同的缘故。语言发展了，语音起了变化，我们拿现代的语音去读它们，自然不能完全适合了。

例如：

《山行》

(唐)杜牧

远上寒山石径斜，

白云深处有人家。

停车坐爱枫林晚，

霜叶红于二月花。

xié和jiā，huā不是同韵字，但是，唐代"斜"字读siá(s读浊音)，和上海"斜"字的读音一样。因此，在当时是谐和的。

又如：

《江南曲》

(唐)李益

嫁得瞿塘贾，

朝朝误妾期。

早知潮有信，

嫁与弄潮儿。

在这首诗里，"期"和"儿"是押韵的;按今天普通话去读，qī和ér就不能算押韵了。如果按照上海的白话音念"儿"字，念像ní音(这个音正是接近古音的)。今天我们当然不可能(也不必要)按照古音去读古人的诗;不过我们应该明白这个道理。

古人押韵是依照韵书的。古人所谓"官韵"，就是朝廷颁布的韵书。这种韵书，在唐代，和口语还是基本上一致是;依照韵书押韵，也是比较合理的。宋代以后，语音变化较大，诗人们仍旧依照韵书来押韵，那就变为不合理的了。今天我们如果写旧诗，自然不一定要依照韵书来押韵。不过，当我们读古人的诗的时候。却又应该知道古人的诗韵。

通常讲的押韵，人们比较熟悉。新诗、戏曲、快板、顺口溜，都讲押韵。在这几种文体中，按照汉语拼音，一般韵母相同的字就可以用来押韵。

然而，格律诗的用韵，与此不同。格律诗必须按照诗韵来写，就是要按照韵书中分列的韵目，来辨别平仄和选择押韵的字。一首诗的所有韵脚，必须从同一个韵目中选字来押韵。如李白的《敬亭山》，用的“闲”和“山”这两个韵脚，就同属于“删”这个韵目。

一首诗中，如果有一个韵脚用了别的韵目的字，就叫做“出韵”。在科举中，出韵的诗算不合格。比如按照现代普通话，“闲”和‘先”当然是可以押韵的，但按照诗韵则不可以，因为这两个字分属于两个不同的韵目。

导语：音乐是门艺术，写好音乐论文是门技巧，下面小编就跟大家介绍下写音乐论文的写作基础吧！

一、选题

1、选题的意义——选题是论文写作的基础，是确定自己研究的课题将要解决什 么问题的基础，需要明确研究目标和研究范围。选题确定的早，就等于早给自己 明确研究的任务和方向赢得了研究时间。

2、选题的原则

(1)适宜性原则——选题要根据的主观条件，选择自己专业范围内的、难易适 中、大小适宜的课题。

(2)创新性原则——选题应判断课题是否具有学术价值，是否是本学科研究领 域的“前沿课题” ，是否填补了本学科或研究领域的一项空白。

(3)价值性原则——是指选题是否有学术价值、科学价值。

(4)把握性原则——选题应该建立在自己最擅长的学科上，这样对所需要研究 的问题才会有更深刻的认识。如果脱离所学专业，对自己研究的论题没有把握， 就不能充分发挥自己的才能写好论文。

3、选题的途径

(1)自主选题——通过自己的努力，发现有价值的课题，或根据自己的需 要选择研究课题。

(2)借鉴选题——即被动选题，就是借鉴外界因素获得适合自己的选题。

4、选题的方法 选题的方法多种多样，因人而异，因专业方向而已，很难概括，但常用的有 以下四种：

(1)综合寻找法——就是对自己所占有的材料广泛阅读，对已有课题进行 综合选择，寻找出有研究价值的一种方法。

(2)主观设定法——就是先有主观设定，然后沿着一定的方向，查阅文献 资料，并进行必要的调查验证，证明自己的选题价值。

(3)借鉴深入法——广泛地研究、分析各种成功的课题，对他人已经研究 的有关论题进行反复咀嚼，看看还有哪些问题值得继续深入研究，从而确立研究 课题的一种方法。

(4)实践总结法——从自己的实践中发现有研究价值的论题，把自己掌握 的理论知识应用在解决现实问题的研究中。

二、资料的搜集与梳理 资料的搜集与

1、搜集资料的意义——选题一旦确定下来，很重要的一个工作就是搜集和积累 资料。它们是写好论文的基础。有人初步统计过，一个研究者在科研项目中的时 间分配是：搜集材料时间占 50.9%，思考计划占 30%，撰写论文只占 19.1%。 因为资料是创造的源泉，是形成论文观点和表达主题的基础。撰写论文需要摆事 实、讲道理，事实即材料。

2、搜集资料的方法

(1)确定方向——确定好搜集的方向，才不会将自己置身于资料的“汪洋大海” 里，以至于淹没在一大堆与论题无关的资料中。

(2)文献检索——是指从储放文献资料的库房里找出自己所需要的文献资料的 操作过程和方法。

3、资料的梳理

(1)阅读资料

(2)分类组合

(3)选择资料

三、撰写提纲

1、撰写提纲的意义

(1)明晰构思

(2)贯通文脉

2、提纲的基本内容

(1)标题(题目)

(2)中心论点

(3)分论点

(4)层次段落与所用的资料

3、提纲的常见形式

(1)简略提纲

(2)详细提纲

四、论文的写作

1、写作格式

(1)标题

(2)署名

(3)摘要——摘要是对论文研究方法和研究成果的客观表述，是论文的缩影， 文字要简练、明确、不加注释，不做评论，一般在 300 字左右。摘要既要写得短 而精，又能包含与论文等量的主要信息。

(4)关键词——是从论文中选出来的，最能体现文章内容特征、意义和价值的 单词或术语。一般是 3——6 个。写在“摘要”之下，词与词之间用分号隔开。

(5)主题部分 A、引言 B、正文 C、结论 D、致谢 E、参考文献

下面是语文迷网精心为大家整理的关于高考英语作文素材，背熟以下句子有助于你的写作哦。

1、 Success is dangerous. One begins to copy oneself, and to copy oneself is more dangerous than to copy others. It leads to sterility. -Picasso , Spanish artist 成功是危险的。一个成功的人开始模仿自己，而模仿自己比模仿别人更加危险。因为这样做将毫无结果。 ── 毕加索 , 西班牙画家

2、 But failure also taught me that life is a road with unpredictable forks and unexpected tomorrows. 但是, 失败还使我懂得, 生活的道路充满了无法预测的岔路口和无法预料的明天。

3、 The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic, and self-complacent is erroneous; on the contrary, it makes them, for the most part, humble, tolerant, and kind. Failure makes people cruel and bitter. -W. Somerset Maugham , British author 人们普遍认为成功使人变得虚荣、自以为是、自满, 从而毁了他们, 但这种看法是错误的;恰恰相反, 成功在很大程度上使人变得谦恭、宽容、善良。失败则使人变得残忍、怨愤。 ── W•萨默塞特•莫姆 , 英国作家

4、 Against all the odds she achieved her dream of becoming an actress. 她冲破重重困难，实现了当演员的梦想。

5、 He is too smart not to jump at the chance. 他这个人很精明，不会错过这个机会的。

6、 I’m not sure if I’ll succeed, but I certainly hope so. 是否成功我没有把握, 不过我当然希望会成功

7、 I wish you every success. 祝你万事如意!

8、 He seems to be successful in anything he tries. 他好像不论做什么事都能成功。

9、 Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal. 经验告诉我们，成功与其说是由于才能，不如说是由于热情。

10、 Ambition is to life just what steam is to the locomotive. 抱负之于生活, 恰似蒸汽之于火车头。

11、 With their advanced features and compact size, portable electronic devices offer consumers freedom, productivity, and organization. 由于本身小巧玲珑, 又具备种种先进的特点, 便携式电子设备为消费者带来了自由, 提高了生产力, 改进了对信息的组织。

12、 However, the ease and speed with which messages can be sent and received has increased and accelerated to such an extent that many people are receiving hundreds of electronic messages of all kinds each day. 但是, 信息发送与接收的便捷发展得如此之快, 以至于很多人每天都会收到各种各样、成百上千的电子邮件。

13、 Weak men wait for opportunity, but the strong men make it. 弱者等待机会，强者创造机会。

14、 Opportunity meets the prepared mind, as the old saying goes. 正如俗话所说，机遇只属于那些有心理准备的人。

15、 Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the twentieth. 十九次失败，到第二十次获得成功，这就叫坚持。

16、 He tried hard to learn, and to be a good boy, and he succeeded fairly well. 他用心学习，又很听话，因此一切倒还顺利。

17、 In fact, there’s an old Chinese saying which goes, “He who hasn’t been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” 实际上，中国有句古谚语说：“不到长城非好汉。”

18、 A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. -John Barrymore只要一个人还有所追求, 她就没有老。 ── 约翰•巴里莫尔

19、 To take advantage of them, you can’t let yourself be destroyed by a defeat, or let others set the limits on your ability to achieve. 利用它们, 你就不会被一次失败击倒, 也不会让别人来限制住你成功的能力。

20、 Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily. 只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人才能够轻而易举地完成困难的事。

21、 The most important thing in life is to have a beautiful dream and good ways to realize it. 人生最重要的是要有美梦，并有好的方法去实现它。

22、 We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. 尽管条件极端困难, 我们必须坚持下去, 直到成功。

23、 This belief in equal opportunity has produced a spirit of competition. It’s like a race to the top of the success ladder. 这种机会均等的信念造就了一种竞争的精神, 它就像一场通往成功之梯顶端的比赛一样。

24、 Just as history has shown that species which fail to adapt die out, businesses will die out if they don’t get to grips with the Internet. 正如历史所示, 适者生存, 企业如果不紧跟互联网就将退出历史的舞台。

25、 Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures. 电视与无线电不同, 电视能播送和接收图像。

26、 When people master the digital organization, it will greatly simplify and improve both their professional and personal lives. 当人们掌握了这种数码管理方法后, 他们的工作与个人生活都会得以极大地简化并改善。

27、 A new IT high-tech park in Beijing is helping the city keep its promise to be the country’s center of the knowledge-based economy. 一所焕然一新的IT高科技园帮助北京实现了它的诺言：成为全国知识型经济的中心。

28、 Observation is the best teacher. 观察是最好的老师。

29、 Imagination is more important than knowledge. 想像力比知识更重要。 ── 爱因斯坦

30、 Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. 知识是一座宝库，而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。

31、 We can kill two birds with one stone by combining our honeymoon with our business trip. 我们可以把蜜月和出差合在一起，这样一举两得。

32、 Greatly inspired, he made up his mind to read as much as he could, and what’s more, he would study harder than ever before. 他深受鼓舞，决心尽可能多读书，而且，比以往任何时候都努力学习。

33、 Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity. 世界上再也没有比实实在在的无知和认认真真的愚蠢更危险的了。

34、 Eat to live, but live to eat. 吃饭是为了生存而不是生存为了吃饭。

35、 To my knowledge, my daughter has never told a lie before. 据我所知, 我女儿以前从未说过谎。

36、 In the long run, basic knowledge and technological applications go hand in hand—one helps the other. 归根结蒂, 基础知识和技术应用是并进的, 相辅相成的。

37、 Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 读书之于思想, 就如运动之于身体。

38、 English is now the international language for airline pilots, scientists, medical experts, businessmen and many others. Consequently, more and more people are learning it. 现在, 对于航空公司飞行员、科学家、医学家、商人及许多其他行业的工作者来说, 英语是一门国际性语言, 因此越来越多的人开始学习英语。

39、 Unlike many other widely used languages, English can be correctly used in very simple form with less than one thousand basic words and very few grammatical rules. 与许多其他被广泛应用的语言不同, 英语仅凭借将近一千个基础词汇和很少的语法规则，就能够用简单的形式正确地表达意思。

40、 English will doubtless continue to change and develop as a living language always does. 毫无疑问, 英语将像一种活的语言贯常的变化和发展一样继续变化和发展下去。

41、 Another reason for the popularity of English is that English-speaking countries are spread through out the world. 英语流行的另一个原因是说英语的国家遍布世界各地。

42、 Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. 天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水

43、 An estimated 310 million people in Britain, U.S.A., Canada, Australia, South Africa, etc. use English as their mother tongue. 据统计，在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和南非等国有三亿一千万人以英语为母语。

44、 It is surprising that some students have little or no knowledge of English. 令人感到吃惊的是, 有些学生英语懂得很少, 或者根本不懂英语。

45、 The rush to learn English has reached even China. 这种学习英语的浪潮甚至波及到中国。

46、 Washington is known as “the father of his country” and is one of those “larger than life” historical figures who are known around the world. 华盛顿被称为“美国国父”，是一位誉满全球的具有传奇色彩的历史人物。

47、 Many immigrants have come to this land of opportunity for that reason-to seek a better future. 许多移民基于这个缘故来到了这块充满机会的土地上──为了追求一个更好的未来。

48、 Not all Americans are rich, but most are concerned about money. Success-oriented Americans often measure people’s worth by how much they have. 并非所有的美国人都很有钱, 但大多数美国人都在乎钱。以成功为取向的美国人常常用人们拥有财产的多少来衡量他们的价值。

49、 As a result, nearly half of foreign students in the U.S. are concentrated in just 100 out of 2,500 post-secondary institutions, mostly brand-name schools. 结果, 在美留学生几乎有一半集中在2500所高校的仅100所, 这些学校大多是名牌学校。

50、 Credit cards symbolize American shopping habits: “Buy now, pay later.” 信用卡反映美国人的购物习惯：“现在买, 以后付。”

51、 In general, the act is designed to keep the U.S. high-tech industry on top by filling the need for skilled technology workers. 总之，这个法案是为了填补美国对熟练技术工人的需求，以保持美国在高科技工业中的领先地位而制定的。

52、 Tom’s college education gave him an advantage over boys who had not been to a university. 汤姆的大学教育使他比没上过大学的男孩们占优势。

53、 Educators also claim that calculators are so inexpensive and commonplace that students must become competent in using them. 教育家们还声称, 计算器如此便宜而又普遍, 学生必须学会熟练使用。

54、 He already has five honorary doctorates-the latest bestowed upon him by Yale University late of May, 2002-but what he really wanted was this humble bachelor’s degree. 斯皮尔伯格已获得5个荣誉博士头衔，其中最近的一个是在2002年5月下旬由耶鲁大学授予的，然而他最想得到的却是这个不起眼的学士学位。

55、 Calculators do have their place in the world outside school and, to a limited extent, in higher-level math classes, but they are hardly education tools. 计算器在学校之外的社会中的确有其地位, 在高等数学课堂上也有一定的作用, 但它们很难算得上是教育工具。

56、 Very heavy objects or bulky materials like coal, cement, mineral ore, and the like, are weighed in tons. 非常重的物体或者像煤、水泥、矿石等堆积如山的原材料用吨计重。

57、 By the end of this century, about 5,000 modern windmills will be in operation, generating about 20% of the electricity of the country. 到本世纪末, 将有5000架现代化的风车投入运行, 生产约全国20%的电力。

58、 Deep down, they realize that happiness can’t be bought, but it can be given away. 在内心深处,他们认识到幸福是买不来的, 但却可以与人分享。

59、 It is wrong to define happiness as owning a lot of money, but some people take it as their life philosophy. 把幸福定义为有很多钱是错误的，但是有些人却把它奉为人生哲学。

60、 He is rich in terms of money, but not in terms of happiness. 从钱的角度说他是富有的，但从幸福的角度说他不是。

61、 All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. —Leo Tolstoy 所有幸福的家庭彼此都很相似，而每个不幸的家庭却各有各的不幸。 ── 托尔斯泰

62、 Unfortunately, there are still some people who do not look after their pets properly or are even cruel to them. 遗憾的是，仍然有一些人对他们的宠物不好好照管甚至虐待它们。

63、 She sat up straight and pretended to believe in herself, so much so that she actually started believing in herself. 她坐直了身子, 假装对自己充满信心, 装得连她自己都开始以为自己确实很有信心。

64、 It’s not easy to keep in touch with friends when they are far away, however, they are always on her mind. 和远方的朋友保持联系不是一件容易的事，但是她一直记挂着他们。

65、 Agriculture will have to undergo a drastic change to meet the needs of the new situation. Otherwise, the country will starve. 农业必须进行深入的改革, 以满足新形势的需要。否则, 国家将遭受饥荒。

66、 In the northern area, it is necessary to plant varieties which are outstandingly resistant to low winter temperature. 北部地区只能种植确实能抗冬季低温的品种。

67、 Synthetic, or man-made, diamonds have been manufactured from carbon since the mid-1950s, when General Electric Co. developed the process for making small diamonds for industrial uses. 人们从20世纪50年代中期就开始用碳来制造或人工合成钻石，当时通用汽车公司开发出了生产工业用小钻石的工艺。

68、 The WTO’s creation on January 1 1995 marked the biggest reform of international trade since the Second World War. 1995年1月1日世贸组织的诞生，标志着第二次世界大战之后国际贸易的最大改革。

69、 A student who has grown up with a calculator will struggle with both strategies and computations. 一个伴着计算器长大的学生既要对付解题策略, 又要对付实际运算。

70、 Students learn far more when they do the math themselves. 学生自己进行数学运算所获得的收益远比依赖计算器多。

71、 A student who learns to handle numbers mentally can focus on how to attack a problem and then complete the actual calculations easily. 学会心算的学生能把注意力集中到如何解题上, 然后轻而易举地完成实际运算。

72、 It’s my mother who has been encouraging me never to lose heart when I had difficulties in study. 这些年来，当我在学习中遇到困难时，是我的母亲一直在鼓励我从不要泄气。

73、 With more students applying to college than ever before, admissions directors are paying especially close attention to essays, interviews, and teacher recommendations. 由于有比以往更多的学生申请上大学, 招生部主任将格外注重作文、面试和教师的推荐信。

74、 Calculators prevent students from seeing this kind of natural structure and beauty in math. 计算器妨碍学生认识数学中这类自然结构和美。

75、 If we don’t require students to do the simple problems that calculators can do, how can we expect them to solve the more complex problems that calculators cannot do? 如果我们不让学生做那些计算器能代劳的简单的运算, 又怎么能期待他们去解决计算器解决不了的更为复杂的问题呢?

76、 Your parents are the people responsible for helping you make decisions until you’re 18. 父母是有责任帮助你在18岁之前做决定的人。

77、 But he is too young to understand cheating won’t do him any good in the long run. 就长远而言, 他太小, 还不懂得欺骗会给他带来害处。

78、 What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul. 教育之于心灵, 就如雕刻术之于大理石。

79、 He began to study accounting at night sessions of the City University of New York, earning his tuition during the daytime. 他开始晚间在纽约城市大学学习会计，白天做工赚学费。

80、 Those who educate children well are to be more honored than the parents, for the latter only give them life while the former teach them the art of living well. —Aristotle 把儿童教育好的人们甚至应该比他们的父母更受尊敬，因为后者仅仅给予他们生命，前者却教给他们生活好的艺术。 ──(古希腊)亚里士多得

81、 The cloning of Dolly the sheep nearly 5 years ago raised the hopes of transplant scientists looking for an endless supply of lifesaving organs. 将近5年前,克隆羊多莉给寻求无穷无尽的救命器官供货的移植学家带来了希望。

82、 I would rather join you in research work than go on a holiday to the seaside. 我与其到海滨去度假，倒不如和你们一起参加科研工作。

83、 The further that Joy dug into the cutting edge of research in the new technologies-robotics, genetic engineering and nanotechnology-the more horrified he became. 乔伊在机器人学、基因工程和纳米技术等新技术研究领域的前沿钻得越深, 就越感到恐惧。

84、 What Henry Ford is to the automobile, George Eastman to photography, and Charles Goodyear to rubber, Edison is to not one but several of today’s essential technologies. 对当今不止一项而是多项重要技术的贡献, 就如同Henry Ford 对汽车、George Eastman 对摄影、Charles Goodyear 对橡胶的贡献一样大。

85、 I am not afraid of tomorrow for I have seen yesterday and I love today. -W.A.White我并不害怕明天, 因为我已见过昨天而又热爱今天。 ── 怀特

86、 He invested his money in several different companies, by which means he hoped to reduce the natural hazards of investment. 他把自己的钱向几个不同的公司投资, 希望借此减少投资的自然风险。

87、 With the rise of the Internet, personal finance magazines and TV shows find information on investing. 随着因特网、个人理财杂志和专事选股的电视节目的兴起，人们很容易找到有关投资的信息。

88、 Nothing is more precious than time yet nothing is less valued. 时间最宝贵，却最不被爱惜。

89、 If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold. 如果宁静真是贵重如金的话，那它也在变得像金子一样稀罕了。

90、 Man is not creature of circumstances, circumstances are the creatures of man. 人不是环境所造就的，乃是环境由人所创造。

91、 Pollution is a global problem which needs a global response. 污染是一个全球性的问题，需要全球关注。

92、 Greenhouse effect means the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth. 温室效应意味着地球周围的空气逐渐变暖。

93、 Air is to us what water is to fish. 我们离不开空气, 就像鱼离不开水。

94、 As our country is populous, it is confronted with a more and more serious crisis of resources. 我国由于人口众多，面临着越来越严重的资源危机。

95、 The government has to provide against a possible oil shortage in the coming months. 政府不得不预防未来几个月里可能出现的石油短缺。

96、 Why do Americans emphasize money so much? Well, this “land of plenty” has long enjoyed abundant natural resources, and people have gotten used to material wealth. 为什么美国人这么看重金钱呢? 这么说吧, 这块“丰饶之地”久已享有充裕的自然资源, 而人们已习惯于丰富的物质财富。

97、 A slip of the foot you may soon recover, but a slip of the tongue you may never get over. -Benjamin Franklin 失足可以很快弥补, 失言却可能永远无法补救。 ── 富兰克林

98、 The earliest Mother’s Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea’, the Mother of the Gods. 庆祝母亲节的习俗最早 可以追溯到古希腊, 当时人们在春天举行庆祝活动, 来向众神之母──莉雅女神表示敬意。

99、 I am grateful to you for the opportunity to express my conviction in this most important political question. 感谢你们使我有机会就这个最重要的政治问题发表意见。

100、 I am thankful for America and thankful that we are able to resolve our electoral differences in a peaceful way. 我感谢美国, 我们终于用和平的方式解决了选举中的分歧。

影视评论是艺术评论中一个重要组成部分，是根据某种思想原则和审美标准对影视艺术进行理性分析和科学评价的一种艺术研究活动。小编收集了影评的写作基础，欢迎阅读。

一、影视评论的含义及功能

(一)、影视评论的含义:

影视评论是艺术评论中一个重要组成部分，是根据某种思想原则和审美标准对影视艺术进行理性分析和科学评价的一种艺术研究活动。它以具体影片创作为其研究对象，评美审丑，褒优贬劣，探索揭示其成败得失的规律。正如苏轼的诗歌所说的“杜陵评书贵瘦硬，此论未公吾不凭。短长肥瘦各有态，玉环飞燕谁人憎。”

(二)、影评的功能及意义

(1)影视评论它能够阐释作品深刻意蕴，挖掘作品内在价值。

“一个批评家的职务就在于惹起作品与读者之间的反应。”——门肯〈美〉 导游意识

①正确阐释作品深刻意蕴。

“有思想有学术水平的评论家要力求向读者提供关于作者的技巧和目的的有益见解，导引读者去把握作品中富有意义和特别值得注意的那些元素。”——李R.波布克

②优秀影片本身是多义性的，模糊难传的，应该给作品以正确的价值评估,揭示或解释艺术品各种解释的可能性。层次感

③国情、民族欣赏心理不同造成的误读。包容、知识、审视

(2)引导鉴赏，培养和提高观众的审美趣味与艺术鉴赏水平。

(3)总结创作经验，探索艺术的发展规律，给艺术以正确的理论导向。

具体过程是，在考试时放映一部影片，然后要求考生当堂写一篇对该影片的评论文章。这是一项考查你综合素养的考试。要想写好一篇影评，不仅需要有较好的理解力，还需有较高的艺术修养;不仅要有一定的电影理论知识，还要对电影的创作情况有相当的了解。所以，“临时抱佛脚” 是不会有太大的效果的。

在考试的时候，你首先要学会如何看片子。比如：它的选材、主题立意、人物塑造、情节构思、结构设计、细节运用、环境选择等等方面有何特点?你没有必要将过多的注意力放在演员的表演、导演的手法或摄影的画面上。在看片子同时，一篇影评的主要内容应该己经在自己的脑海中形成了。如果看完了影片还没有什么想法，拿起笔来才开始构思，十有八九是要失败的。

二、影评的特征及内涵

1、与政治评论相比，突出审美判断。

文人之笔，劝善惩恶也。——王充〈〈论衡〉〉

书之载道，文以经世。——魏及翁 切忌把影评写成观后感，注重对电影的审美分析。

①、影视艺术反映生活有自己特殊的规律，影视批评也应遵照影视艺术美的规律和美的特征进行评论。它首先必须给人以美感，让观众在美的享受中潜移默化的得到陶冶。

②、影视评论不等同于从政治观念出发，把政治观念现行政策变成衡量艺术的唯一标准，用政治价值观念取代艺术真善美价值的综合，用对艺术的政治鉴定代替对艺术做出全面的审美判断。使艺术批评脱出美学范畴，把艺术的审美判断蜕变为政治评论。

③、真正的影评，作为一种艺术实践活动，应在审美上多做文章，在“寓”字上见功力，即寓教育于审美之中，寓娱乐认识于审美中。

2、与姊妹艺术评论相比，重画面语言分析

真正的影评是对银幕造型时空的认识，是对电影运动本性独特欣赏，是对电影色彩、音乐、剪辑的领会和完善。

“电影艺术的基础既然是视觉的形象的言语，那么电影艺术家应该用绘画的表象的方法，来表现和传达一切的感情和思想。” ——夏衍

论述方式：评是文的主体，叙评结合，评析结合。

叙事：来自电影的情节(打包举例)

评：拍得成功与否?--要用“专业、书面的语言”表述对电影的价值判断。

析：导演用了哪些艺术表现手法?(视听语言)

这些艺术手法分别起到什么样的作用?

对本片成功起到什么帮助性作用?

哪些镜头、场面是点睛之笔?做具体分析。具体化原则

3、①、评是剖析：所谓剖析就是对影片的画面构图、色彩、音乐、摄影、人物性格刻画、主题思想展示、艺术种种表现手法等诸种因素作用由浅及深的分析。

②、评是判断：也就是对作品的思想、流派及艺术家作出中肯的评价，或者肯定或者否定或者兼而有之。

③、评是选择：就是在影评中有所侧重的进行分析，避免“看似面面俱到，实则空洞无聊”的问题。立意要单一，小而精，不要大而全。什么都写，什么都写不深刻，流于表面、蜻蜓点水，必败。

④、评是创造：评论是一种独立的具有自我价值的创造性劳动，它要挖掘作品的内在价值，赋与作品未完成的艺术形象的新创造。“六度创作”

第三节 影评写作的基本要求

一、先有所感悟，后发而为文

有所感悟是写作的动因，也是写作的首要条件。这种“感觉点”就是思想和感情引起的触动、感觉和领悟，乃至强烈的共鸣触发点。古人云：“景乃诗之胚，情乃诗之媒”。做一个热爱生活的人。

“影片在什么地方激动你，或者相反，使人不耐烦甚至毛骨悚然，这些鲜明之处不要轻易错过，如相信自己感情是真实的，就把它当作一滴墨水滴在白纸上，让它慢慢湮开去，由实而虚，讲出点道理来。”——钟惦棐

1、“感”并不是观后感。有很多初学者仅仅在评论文章中描写自己看完电影后的内心感受，没有什么分析更没有什么评论和见解。当然就不会在考试中有竞争力，因为不够深刻。要立论与分析相结合，叙述与评论相结合。

2、感觉点要准。有很多影片从主题意蕴到人物性格都是丰富变化的，当考生在考场上面对一部陌生的影片时，慌忙中随意拼凑自己的文章，这绝对不可取。要抓住影片的“母题”所在，要有所选择的写作。

二、新颖的角度，独特的构思

1、文章要有立意和角度。

所谓立意，即文章的评论对象及作者对该评论对象所持的见解和观点。杜牧在《答庄充书》中这样说道：“意，犹帅也，无帅之兵，谓之乌合。凡为文以意为主，以气为辅，以辞彩章句为之兵卫。”可见文章立意的重要性。角度就是给所表现的事物选择一个最理想的着眼点和突破点。回扣主题。

2、立意要新颖，要勇于探索和创新。

“人所易言，我寡言之;人所难言，我易言之，自不俗”——姜夔《白石诗话》

“学诗先除五俗，一曰俗体，二曰俗意，三曰俗句，四曰俗字，五曰俗韵”——严羽《沧浪诗话》

所以，要抓住读者的注意力就要在新奇上做文章。

3、角度要小，立意要单一集中。

从电影的基本元素中选择你所最感兴趣的，最具有表达力的切入点。从主题、镜头、画面、人物、光色、声音等等角度中选择一个最有审美意义的角度，立意要集中，不可盲目强调面面俱到。

三、结构严谨，起落有致

1、结构要严谨。

国学大师王国维先生曾经这样说过：“一切优美皆形式之美也。就美之自身言之，则一切优美皆存在于形式之对称、变化及调和。”可见，结构严密、整齐、有序，有体式、有质感。影评文章也要在行文上注意段落层次和行文逻辑。

2、结构要错落有致+详略得当。

夏衍在其作品《夏衍论创作》中谈到“没有波澜、没有曲折、没有起伏，正象一座房屋、一个园林，一进门就可以一览无余，这是文章的大忌。” 评“悬念”。因此，面对创作性的评论文章，一定要在谋篇布局中下心思。可以尝试小标题的巧妙运用，但是不提倡“首先，其次，再次，最后” 、“一，二，三，四”等粗俗的分层方法。

第四节 正文行文写作超级思路

1分层分段：首先写出几个小标题

2每层(分论点)：观点、理论、案例、论证

⑴观点：中心句(得分意识)

⑵理论：引用名言、名家理论、课本理论

⑶案例：来自剧情、打包举例

⑷论证：感 析 评 论

①感：感想，感性的思想，与电影有关，基调是理性的(观众)。

②析：分析，即现象到本质、个体到整体、分析到综合

what(2-3个视听段落)

which

how 《常用词汇》

③评：评论角度主要有

A观众的心声——看片体会

B笔者——电影本身

C专家、大师的“权威评论”

——价值(商业 审美 社会)、地位、流派、导演风格、哲学+美学+心理学

④论：论电影的本体，“电影拍得好不好”，而不是论电影讲述的“故事”或者“人物”。

3注意过渡：过渡句、过渡段。

4排列段落的“逻辑顺序”：先后、因果、并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、……也写成“小标题”的形式。

5层次之间的关系：1最好是“递进”，“顺承”也可以，最低级写“并列”。

2“层次字数长度、论证方式、语言特点”要相似，有整体性。

3运用连词连接段落

6注意回扣主题：主题：影评的中心论点(副标)

1重复，在不同的段落中多次写“主题词”。

2使用近义词、变形词，变相回扣主题。

3引用名家的名言，权威回扣主题。

4侧面回扣主题，用观众反映说话。

7注意标点： ， 。 ? ! ……

《》 ： A;B;C ( ) A、B、C、D A-B-C

8独词、独句成段：可以作为“过渡句”、“分界线”、“点题，升华主题的句子”2/3、3/5处

9转折段：常见的有“感情荒漠化”、“细节处理不到位”、“人物塑造不生动”、“剧情不合逻辑”、“硬伤”。

10行文总结段：电影的真谛……→人性……→人文关怀、人文气息、人文情怀……→普世价值。共鸣

(五)结尾点题

如果说整篇影片评论文章有题目、副标、题引、正文(开头、分层论述、批判如：情感荒漠化)、结尾、后记等构成元素的话，一定要在文章的结尾部分强调自己的观点或抒发内心最真挚的情感。当然，也要注意语言和辞藻的生动和层次的递进，从而达到

① 总结全文，②深化文章主题(副标)，③发出呼吁(多拍像这样的好电影)，④引导审美方向(导演风格、艺术特色)，⑤提升到“人性”、“人文关怀”、“普世价值”的高度的目的。

《手机》：人际关系冷漠---信任危机—社会问题—电影关注现实当下人的生存状态—人文关怀

导语：议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。以下是小编为大家精心整理的议论文写作基本知识，欢迎大家参考！

一、议论文段的写作可采用“五步法”来完成

(1)第一步，段的首句：开门见山，一定要摆放这一小节的分论点。

(2)第二步：引用名人名言。从理论上对分论点进行论证，即理论论证。要注意名人名言与分论点有关系，如没有联系，则不能起论证作用。

(3)第三步：列举有典型性、代表性的事例，古今中外，正反事例均可。要紧扣分论点。写法上简要叙述即可，不要过多描写。

(4)第四步：分析说理。这是本段最重要的一步。因为没有分析说理，光列举一个两个事例，不进行分析说理，那这举出的事例就不能成为分论点的论据，也就没有说服力。那么怎样进行分析呢?常用的有两种分析说理方法，即因果法和假设法。

(5)第五步：本段小结。照应本段开头，重申这一节的分论点。可加上“因此”或“所以我认为”等字样。这样一来，本小节就形成了一个完整的说理板块

1、理解议论文的文体知识：议论文三要素、论证方法、议论文结构、常见的议论文的写法、议论文的种类等。

2、思想准备：想清楚要写的内容。如果认识不清，你可看相关的书，《名人名言》《论点论据大全》可以说是个捷径。

平时要注意积累，如每天背两条名言，即一个故事。

这样，你就会写好议论文。不知你对议论文掌握的如何，不知下面的内容对你是否有帮助。

二、议论文的三要素：

1、论点：是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅，任何一篇文章只有一个中心论点，一般可以有分论点。论点应该正确、鲜明、概括，是一个完整的判断句。绝不可模棱两可。

论点的位置一般有四个：

①文题

②开头

2、论据

用来证明论点的材料，有事实论据和理论论据两种。

选用事实论据要注意：

①必须具有典型性。古今中外的都可以。是大多数人所知道的，最起码是登过报纸上过电视的。

②最好具有新颖性。

③论据的表述要准确、叙述要概括，能证明论点即可。

选用的道理论据要注意：

①可以是名言、警句、俗话、谚语、定理、公式等。

②要精确，不能篡改、歪曲。

③和论点有必然联系，能证明论点的。

3、论证：论证时使用论据证明论点的过程。

①论证的基本类型：立论、驳论。立论从正面论述，驳论从反面论述。我们写议论文一般以立论为主。

②论证的基本结构层次：三段论式的结构。

提出问题(是什么)→分析问题(为什么)→解决问题(怎么办)

也即：引论本论结论

常见的论证结构：

a、总分总式结构b、对照式结构c、层进式结构d、并列式结构

③常用的论证方法：

a、例证法(也叫举例论证)：用典型事例作论据来证明论点，俗话说事实胜于雄辩。

b、引证法(也叫道理论证)除引用上述介绍的理论论据以外，还可以引用一些古典诗词中的名句，它一方面能加强论证的力量，另一方面，它还可以丰富文章的内容，增强议论文的文学性。

c、对比论证(也叫正反论证)：这种方法可以增强论证的鲜明性，使读者清楚作者赞成什么，反对什么。

d、喻证法(也叫比喻论证)，增强了作品论证的形象性、文学性、说服力。

③文章中间

④结尾

训练指导者方针的好坏是一个前提条件。合理地设置训练程序，使英语习作从初级到高级沿着一条循序渐进，由简到多的进程发展是成功训练者必须具备的指导思想。本篇认为，在习作训练的初期，应采纳一条从有材料可依的习作方式过渡到脱离本本进行自由写作方式的途径。从有材可依到元材可依的训练过程应包括三个阶段：

一、短文缩写(Summary)阶段。

短文缩写可以是就所学课文进行缩写，也可以采用其它阅读材料，但要求被缩写的材料难易程度不超过所学课本。被用于进行缩写的课文或其它材料必须观点明确，层次分明，叙述有条理。缩写时应做到简明扼要，抓住重点，不要拖泥带水，没有主次。初学阶段的被缩写材料不宜太长，以不超一千词为佳，缩写文以不超过2m词为佳。以下就一篇短文进行缩写，限于篇幅，短文内容有所节略。

Most shops in Britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. Small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.

Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday orThursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.

将短文缩写如下：

This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00or 5.30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.

这是一篇不超过100词的缩写，句子基本上由原文各段落的主要内容构成。个别段落被完全删除以保证缩写重点突出，前后连贯。缩写是一种“依材剪贴”的习作方式，基本上采用原材料中的词语和句子，仅作了部分调整，是最初级的习作方式。

二、短文评论(Brief Comment)阶段。

短评是就所学课文或阅读材料进行评论。通过分析原文中的内容和观点，提出一定的看法。短评可以是对原文观点表示赞同，也可以提出异议或不同看法。如对前文便可作以下评论：

From the article we learned about British shops, about their opening and closing time and their service. But we find that there are something inconvenient with British shop service. First is the time. Shops in Britain open very late and close too early. Second is that there is almost no Sunday service. Where can people go if they suddenly need to buy something? The last is the habit of queuing. It will be a waste of time if the queue is too long.

初学阶段，短文评论的字数一般也应在150字左右，不宜写大多。短评是一种“一半依材一半发挥”的习作方式。在内容上，一部分取自原文，一部分靠自己的思考。在用词上，可以部分地依赖原文，也需使用一些其它词汇。此外，短评的行文布局和用句也是一半模仿，一半创造。短评的这种特点使它非常适合承接短文缩写阶段，而又为后期阶段打下一定的基础。

三、引导写作(Guided Writing)阶段。

引导写作可分为重新编排句子顺序。规定情景作文。看图作文。提纲作文。关键词作文等形式。这些形式均可以用于训练，但以提纲作文和关键词作文多用为佳. 提纲作文是一种给出题目和段落提纲的习作方式，其段落写作提纲可以采用段落主旨句的形式，也可以是短语。关键词作文是一种给出作文题目和一些关键词或词组的命题作文形式。由于有段落写作提纲或主旨句等，进行习作时，减少了审题环节，且写作思路受到引导。在训练初期，引导写作的命题应尽量与所学英语书本的内容挂钩，使学生能够参照一部分课文所学的词汇与结构，避免大多生词。如针对上篇短文便可出一道相关命题引导学生习作：

题目：shops in China

提纲：(1)中国商店的作息时间 (2)中国商店的周未服务情况 (3)中国商店服务态度的好坏 以上是关于英语习作初级阶段的训练步骤。三个步骤的三种形式，相承相继，循序渐进，为进入自由命题写作打下了良好的基础。既适合教师指导学生习作课使用，也适合学习者自我训练。事实证明，这三个步骤是英语习作人门的有效做法。

Dear Professor Smith,

I am Li Hua, chair of the Students’ Union of Xinhua Middle School. Our school will have the Second Culture Festival next weekend and I am writing to invite you to give us a lecture about the cultural differences between America and China, which will begin at 9 o’clock and end at 11 o’clock on Nov. 28th in Classroom 201 of the third teaching building.

As an expert in international culture, you must have a good knowledge of the cultural differences between America and China, so we hope you could help us increase our knowledge and clear some cultural confusion.

Could you please contact us in advance at Englishtec @163.com if you could come to our culture festival? We are looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Lihua

Unit 1 How do you go to school?

主要词组：by plane 坐飞机 by ship 坐轮船 on foot步行 by bike 骑自行车

by bus 坐公共汽车 by train 坐火车 traffic lights交通灯 traffic rules交通规则

Stop at a red light 红灯停 Wait at a yellow light 黄灯等 Go at a green light 绿灯行

主要句子：

How do you go to school?你怎么去上学?

Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bus.

通常我步行去上学。有时候骑自行车去。

How can I get to Zhongshan Park ?我怎么到达中山公园?

You can go by the No. 15 bus.你可以坐15路公共汽车去。

知识点：

1、There are many ways to go somewhere.到一个地方去有许多方法。

这里的ways一定要用复数。因为there are是there be句型的复数形式。

2、get to到达.关于本单元我们还要学习与get相关的短语：

get on 上车? get off下车

3、on foot 步行? 乘坐其他交通工具大都可以用介词by…， 但是步行只能用介词on 。on foot 相当于walk，只是walk是动词。 by subway 和by train，注意区别。by subway： 地铁，是有墙壁的。by train： 火车，露天的。

4、go to school的前面绝对不能加the，这里是固定搭配。但是go home回家，home前不加to。

5、USA 和 US 都是美国的意思。另外America也是美国的意思。

6? go to the park前面一定要加the.如果要去的地方有具体的名字，就不能再加the ， 如果要去的地方没有具体名字，一定要在前面加the。但 go to school除外。

7、How do you go to …?你怎样到达某个地方?如果要问的是第三人称单数，则要用：How does he/she…go to …?

8、反义词：

get on(上车)---get off(下车)??? near(近的)-far(远的)??? fast(快的)-slow(慢的)??? because(因为)-why(为什么)? same(相同的)-different(不同的)

9、近义词：

see you---goodbye????? sure---certainly---of course?

10、频度副词：

always 总是，一直??? usually 通常?? often经常?? sometimes 有时候??? never 从来不

11、The traffic lights are the same in every country. There are always three lights： red， yellow and green. 每个国家的交通灯是一样。总是有三种：红，黄，绿。12、China/ US中国和美国： the right side of the road?? 右边??? England/Australia英国和澳大利亚： the left side of the road 左边

Unit 2 Where is the science museum?

主要单词：library 图书馆?? post office 邮局??? hospital医院??? cinema 电影院??? bookstore书店??? science museum科学博物馆??? turn left向左转??? turn right 向右转??? go straight? 直行??? north北??? south南?? east东??? west西

主要句子：

Where is the cinema， please? 请问电影院在哪里?Its next to the hospital. 它与医院相邻。

Turn left at the cinema， then go straight. Its on the left.

在电影院向左转，然后直行。它在左边。

知识点：

1、问路时要用"excuse me对不起，打扰一下"2、描述路时可以用顺序词： first首先， next接着， then然后3、near 表示在附近，next to 表示与…相邻。它的范围比near小。?? in front of 在。。。前面?? behind 在。。。后面4、在左边，在右边介词要用on， on the left/on the right，但是东西南北，介词要用in， in the north/east/south/west.

5、for 表示持续多长时间，当表示做某事多长时间都要用for.? 如：Walk east for 5 minutes.?? Then walk straight for three minutes.6、乘几路车可以用by the No.301 bus， 注意No.中N要大写，后面要加点。如果要用动词可以用take，例如take the No.301 bus.

7、当表示某个地方在另一个地方的哪一方向时，要用介词of。如：the hospital is east of the cinema. 医院在电影院的东边。8、表示在哪儿转时，用介词at。 如：Turn left at the bank。在银行左转。

9、find表示"找到"，强调找的结果。Look for 表示"寻找"，强调找的过程。10、在几点前面要用介词at，如at 7p.m.

11、英文的书信与中文的书信不完全一样：

开头：英语是在人称后面加逗号，中文是加冒号。

正文：英语是空三个或者五个字母写，中文要空两个中文字格。

结尾：英语的落款与人名是顶格而且是分开写的。中文则是另起一行，放在一起且稍靠后一点儿的地方。英文名字的书写要注意下。

12、近义词：bookstore==bookshop 书店??? go straight==go down直行after school==after class 放学后

13、反义词或对应词：

here (这里)---there(那里) east(东)---west(西)??? north(北)---south(南)

left(左)---right(右)??? get on (上车)---get off(下车)

14、in the front of…表示在…的前面，是指在该地方的范围内，in front of而则表示在该地方的范围外。如：in front of our classroom是指在教室的外面而且在教室的前面。而in the front of classroom则是指在教室里的前面。

15、 be far from…表示离某地远. be 可以是am ， is ，are。介词要用from。如：I am far from school now. 我现在离学校很远。

My home is not far from school.我家离学校不远。

Unit 3 What are you going to do ?

主要单词：

this morning 今天上午??? this afternoon 今天下午this evening?? 今天晚上?? next week 下周?? tomorrow 明天?? tonight 今晚post card 明信片??comic book漫画书? newspaper报纸

主要句子：

What are you going to do on the weekend?你周末打算做什么?

Im going to visit my grandparents this weekend?这个周末我打算去看望我的外祖父母。

Where are you going this afternoon? 你今天下午打算去哪里?

Im going to the bookstore.我打算去书店。

What are you going to buy?你打算去买什么?

Im going to buy a comic book。我打算去买一本漫画书。

知识点：

1、What are you going to do?你想做什么?询问他人在未来的打算。be going to 后面要跟动词的原形。注意be going to be 意思是 "打算成为什么，干什么职业。"注意一下句子的区别，找出正确回答。What are you going to do this afternoon?What are you going to buy?What are you going to be?When? are you going?Where are you going?How are you going?Who are you going with?

2、this evening 和 tonight的 区别：this evening指的是今天晚上睡觉以前的时间，一般指晚上十二点以前。而tonight指的是今晚，一般是指一整晚的时间，通宵。3、P30写周末的作文的模板

4、部分疑问代词的意义与用法：

(1)What 什么。用来问是什么，做什么，叫什么，什么样等等。如：What is your name? 你的名字叫什么?

?What is your father? 你爸爸是干什么的?

What is your hobby?你的爱好是什么?

What is your favourite food?你最喜爱的食物是什么?

Whats your math teacher like? 你的数学老师长得什么样子?

(2)Where ， 在哪里，到哪里。用来问地点。

如：Where are you from?你从哪里来?

Where are you going to ?你打算去哪里?

Where is my ruler?我的尺子在哪里?

(3)When，什么时候。用来问时间。如：

When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?

When are you going to ?你打算什么时候去?

When do you go to school?你什么时候去上学?

(4)what time 几点了。用来问具体的时间，

如：What time is it? 现在几点了?

(5)What colour什么颜色。用来问物体的颜色。如：

What colour is your schoolbag?你的书包是什么颜色的?

(6)What kind of 什么种类。用来问类别。如

What kind of fruit do you like?你最喜欢哪一种水果?

(7)who谁。用来问人物是谁。如：

Who is your English teacher ?你的英语老师是谁?

Whos that man? 那个男人是谁?

(8) whose谁的。用来问物体的主人是谁?如：

Whose pencil is this? 这是谁的铅笔?

Whose bike is blue? 谁的自行车是蓝色的?

(9) which哪一个。用来问具体的哪一个。如：

Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节?

Which pencil is kens? the long one or the short one?

哪只铅笔是Ken的?长的那支还是短的那支?

(10)how怎样?用来问身体状况，或者事情的状况，对事件的看法等。如：

How are you?你好吗?

How is your mother? 你妈妈好吗?

How about you? 你呢?

(11)how many多少个。用来问有多少个，后面要跟名词的复数形式。如：

How many books do you have?你有多少本书?

How many kites can you see? 你能看见多少只风筝?

(12) how much 多少钱。用来问物体的价钱。如：

How much are they? 他们多少钱?

How much is your schoolbag? 你的书包多少钱?

(13)how old 几岁了。用来问年龄。如

How old are you ? 你几岁了?

How old is your father? 你爸爸多大了?

(14)why为什么。用来问原因，一般要用because来回答。如：why do you like spring?你为什么喜欢春天?

Because I can fly kites.国为我可以放风筝。

(15) how long 多长

(16)how tall 多高

5、I want to be…我想成为… 表示理想。相当于Im going to be ….

6、地点名称：fruit stand 水果店? clothes shop服装店? shoe store鞋店? pet shop宠物店? theme park主题公园? the Great Wall长城? plant shop 植物店restaurant 饭店 bus stop 公交车站

7、在哪个门用介词at， at the north/east/south/west gate.8、现在进行时与一般将来时的区别：

Unit 4 I have pen pal

1、动词变为动名词的规则：

动词变为动名词，即是动词加ing。一般要遵循以下三条规则：

(1)一般情况下，在动词的后面直接加ing。如：play-playing read-reading do-doing go-going

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，要去掉不发音的字母e，再加ing。如：write-writing ride-riding make-making dance-dancing

(3)以单元音加单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing。如：run-running???? swim-swimming??? put-putting sit-sitting2、记住like后面要加动词ing,说爱好有三种说法：①I like swimming.②Swimming is my hobby.③My hobby is swimming.注意：She likes drawing pictures, listening to music and making kites.这几个爱好是并列的，都是在like后面，所以都要加ing.

3、第48页是写自己或者笔友的作文模板4、第49页是写自己或者是其他人一天的作文模板，记住要用一般现在时态。2、关于第三人称单数：

动词变为第三人称单数形式的规则：

(1)在一个句子中，如果主语人称既不是你，也不是我，而是另外的一个人，这时的人称叫做第三人称单数。

(2)在第三人称单词的句子中，动词要使用第三人称单词形式。

(3)动词变为第三人称单数形式，要遵循以下规则：

①一般情况下，在动词的后面直接加s。如：

read--reads make-makes write-writes

②以字母s, x, o , sh , ch结尾的动词，在词尾加es。如：do-does wash-washe teach-teaches go-goes pass-passes

③以y结尾的动词分为两个情况，以元音字母加y结尾的动词，在词尾直接加s。如：play-plays buy--buys

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，要把y变为i，再加es.如：study--studies

④以f , fe结尾的名词，先把f，fe变为v,再加-es.

⑤特殊变化：have--has

(4)在一个第三人称单数的句子中，只要句子中出现了does或者其否定形式doesnt.该句子中的其他动词就要使用原形。

(5)第三人称单数的肯定句在变为否定句时，在动词的前面加doesnt. 动词恢复原形。如：He lives in Beijing.---He doesnt live in Beijing.

(6) 第三人称单数的陈述句在变为一般疑问句时，用does开头，后面的动词也要变为原形。如：He lives in Beijing.---Does he live in Beijing?注意：用来does,后面的动词就不能用第三人称形式。

3、注意几个单词的变化：hobby(复数形式)-hobbies have to(同义词)-mus same(反义词)---different look the same 看起来一样

4、几种时态的比较：

5、city 城市 county 国家或者乡村 province 省

Unit 5 What does she do?

1、一些由动词变化而来的职业名词：

teach-teacher clean-cleaner sing-singer dance-dancer

drive-driver write-writer TV report-TV reporter

act-actor act-actress art-artist engine-engineerplay basketball/football/baseball-basketball/football/baseball player

2、提问职业有两种方式： What is your father? 或者What does your father do?

3、a/an的区别，跟元音发音有关。例如：a singer/writer/TV reorteran actor/actress/artist/engineer/accountant

4、What are you going to be ?问的是长大想干什么，注意用"be". Im going to be a …记住p61和63有关职业信息的内容

5、记住几个地点： shoe /car/air-conditioner company? 鞋/汽车/空调公司

6、做"对句子划线部分提问"试题时，一般应该遵循三个步骤：

(1)确定与句子划线部分相应的特殊疑问词，并且特殊疑问词代替相应的划线部分。

(2)把特殊疑问词代替划线部分后的句子变成一般疑问句。

(3)最后再把特殊疑问词提到句首。

以上三个基本步骤可以用三个字来概括，即：定，问，提。例如：This is a book.

①This is what. ②Is this what ③What is this ?

注意：句①②只是一种变化过程，不必写入试题中。句③才是试题所要求的形式和结果，必须写到试题上。以上三个步骤是对句子划线部分提问最基本的过程。

然而对不同句子的不同成份提问时，还要注意以下几点：

(1). 如果句子的划线部分是主语，只找出相应的特殊疑问词，用来代替划线部分即可。如：

1)He teaches us English. Who teaches us English?

2)My mothers clothes are over there. Whose clothes are over there?

(2). 如果句子的划线部分是谓语(包括谓语动词)，不论原来的谓语动词是何种形式(时态、语态)，都要将谓语动词变为do的相应的形式：不论原来的谓语动词后面跟的是人、物还是地点，一律用What来代替。如：

1)They are playing football.

①They are doing what. ②Are they doing what? ③What are they doing?

2)They wolf is going to kill that man.

①They wolf is going to do what. ②Is the wolf going to do what?

③What is the wolf going to do?

(3). 如果句子的划线部分是定语，并且在谓语部分，这时，需将特殊疑问词和紧跟其后的名词一起提到句首。如：

1)That is his pen.

①That is whose pen. ②Is that whose pen ③Whose pen is that?

对定语划线部分提问题，如果划线部分是所属关系，特殊疑问词用whose;如果划线部分指具体的"某一个"时特殊疑问词用which;如果划线部分指内容或职业时，特殊疑问词用what;如果划线部分指数量时，特殊疑问词用how many(可数)或how much(不可数)。如：

1) They are the legs of the desk.

①They are whose legs. ②Are they whose legs? ③Whose legs are they?

2)I like red one.

①You like which one. ②Do you like which one? ③Which one do you like?

3)They have five English books.

They have how many English books.

Do they have how many English books?

How many English books do they have?文化知识点：职业男女的称呼区别? actor-actress? salesman-saleswoman? salesperson 男女售货员都可以?? mailman-mailperson

Unit 6 The story of rain

这一单元是一个阅读单元，基本上没有什么知识点，我们只需注意几个单词的变化就可以。

1、名词变形容词：

rain-rainy cloud -cloudy wind-windy sun- sunny snow- snowy

2、We can see water in the sea/river/lake/stream/rain/snow

3、注意表示顺序的词：first 首先， then然后，next接下去

4、记住第71页的水循环的图和72页的过程。

5、注意几对来自：wheat----flour---bread sheep--- mutton apple----apple juice pig---pork cow----milk

6、注意植物的生长顺序，有可能考到排列顺序题P736、should 是情态动词，后面加动词的原形。文化知识点：水在不同的温度下有三种状态 ice water vapour

Talk about the story of my and food safety, it is more than three days and three nights also said not over, like a colorful shells in the sand, filled with all sorts of things, so now, I have from my childhood picked up a pink small seashells on the beach to demonstrate to you!

On one occasion, my mother and I go to the supermarket to buy things together. Go to the supermarket, I cant wait to rush to sell snacks, snacks to. There were so many things in the supermarket! I am dazzled. I am ready to pick up a bag of ice and snow waxberry into the shopping basket, at this moment, mom came along, kindly said to me: "nannan, it is not health, or dont buy!" "Well, I dont buy, mother!" "Come on, we buy something else!" Mom took me by the hand to sell milk place. Came to sell milk, I cheerfully ran over and picked up a bag of yogurt in a basket, mother to take a look at before and after, suddenly eyes a bright, said to me: "nannan, you see, life here is 14 days, it has already expired, eat is bad for human body, in a bag!" The mother took up a bag of yogurt looked, said: "take this bag, this bag not expired, you see!" "Oh, I see, later I will remember!" I attached to the. We came to sell beef jerky. There were so many the beef jerky ah, all kinds of, I looked at are salivating at the thought. I picked a bag of beef jerky bag in his hand, mother a look at this brand, just shook his head and said: "nannan, this brand is not good, not on television said last time, the brand is not health, not to buy, you forget?" "Oh!" I am ashamed nodded. I took a bag of labelled "green food" beef jerky, into the basket. Mother smiled and nodded. Below, we went to the place where sell ham sausage again, this time, I am no longer the previous mistake, these requirements I watched it again, this just put ham sausage in the basket.

The shopping, I understand a lot of sense. We buy things to watch the production date, and sign, to see if it is green food, not to buy 3 without food, pay attention to food safety, to prevent "illness", dont let bacteria enter the body!

要是说起我和食品安全的故事，那是多得三天三夜也说不完，像沙滩上的五彩的贝壳，里面装满了各种各样的事情，那么现在，我就从我童年的沙滩上拾起一个粉红色的小贝壳来给大家展示一下吧!

有一次，我和妈妈一起到一家超市去买东西。一走进超市，我迫不及待地奔向了卖零食的地方，挑起零食来。超市里的东西可真多哪!看得我眼花缭乱。我随手拿起一包冰雪杨梅正准备放进购物篮里，这时后，妈妈走了过来，和蔼地对我说：“楠楠，这东西不卫生，还是别买了吧!”“好，我不买了，妈妈!”“走，我们买别的东西去!”妈妈牵着我的手向卖牛奶的地方走去。来到了卖牛奶的地方，我兴高采烈地奔了过去，拿起了一袋酸奶放在篮子里，妈妈拿过来前后瞧了一瞧，突然眼睛一亮，对我说：“楠楠，你看，这里保质期是14天，它已经过期了，吃了对人身体不好，换一袋吧!”妈妈又拿起一袋酸奶看了看，说：“拿这袋吧，这袋没过期，你瞧!”“哦，我知道了，以后我会记住的!”我附合着。我们又到了卖牛肉干的地方。这里的牛肉干可真多呀，各式各样的，我看着就垂涎三尺。我挑了一袋大包的牛肉干拿在手里，妈妈一看这牌子，就摇摇头，说：“楠楠，这种牌子不好，上回不是电视上说，这牌子不卫生，不要去买，你忘了吗?”“哦!”我惭愧地点了点头。我又拿了一袋上面标着“绿色食品”的牛肉干，放进了购物篮。妈妈看了微笑着点点头。下面，我们又去了卖火腿肠的地方，这回，我不再犯以前的错误，这些要求我都看了一遍，这才把火腿肠放进了篮子。

这次购物，我懂得了许多道理。我们买东西要看好生产日期，和牌子，还要看它是不是绿色食品，不要买三无食品，要注意食品安全， 还要预防“病从口入”，不要让细菌进入体内呦!

任务的动作的表达形式有很多，例如站、坐等，但是形容人物动作的词语是更加的多。下面是小编为大家搜集整理出来的有关于写好人物的动作的方法，希望可以帮助到大家！

一提到动作描写，肯定要准确运用动词。比方说，表示“看”这个动作的词语就有“瞄”“瞟”“盯”“瞥”“端详”等，我们在写人物动作的时候，就不能总是“我看了一眼”可以根据当时的情况，写成“我漫不经心地瞟了他一眼”或“我死死地盯着他”。这样，通过准确运用动词，就能把人物的动作写得准确、具体、鲜明。

妙招一：动词+修饰语的方法

这种方法很简单，就是我们在描写人物的动作的时候，首先要准确运用动词，这是基础。然后在这个动词前或后加上表示“方向”“程度”“轻重”“快慢”“数量”的词语。

如：方向+动词--他高高地举起了手；我向右侧了侧身。

轻重+动词--老师轻轻地摸了摸学生的头；他的脚重重地踢在了墙上。

快慢+动词--厨师手里的菜刀飞快地舞动着；他一下子就跳了起来。

程度+动词--爸爸狠狠地打了小明一巴掌。

动词+数量--他向前跑了几步。

以上这些类的词语可以单独用，也可以结合在一起用。大家试一试，用这样的方法写出来是不是很具体呢？

在介绍第二种方法之前，我们来做一个简单的动作--敲门，注意是“敲门”，而不是“拍门”或“推门”。这个动作看似简单，但要把它写好，其实包含着“大玄机”。

妙招二--动作拆分法。

其实，再复杂、连贯的动作，都不是一下子就能完成的，在观察和描写时，如果把动作分解成若干步骤，一步一步仔细观察，并选择恰当的动词一步一步地描写，就不难把人物动作写具体了。动作拆分法，简单来说，就是把一个大动作分成几个连贯的小动作，用慢镜头的方式一一描绘出来。我们都知道，在传统的武打动作或电视的慢镜头中，往往把一种行为分解成若干个部分，或者是把一个大动作细化为几个小动作，然后分别对每一个部分、每一个小动作按一定层次具体展示或描写，使整个动作行为栩栩如生。

运用这种动作拆分的方法，“敲门”这个简单的动作可以分解为如下几个小动作：①走到门前②停下③举起（右）手④弯曲手指⑤敲门。准确地描述出这几个连续动作，组成流畅的句子，就能具体地写出人物“敲门”的经过了。

运用这种方法，“敲门”这个大动作，我们就可以写成一段话：他穿戴整齐地来到妈妈的门前，轻轻推了一下，门紧闭着，里面似乎有亮光。他迟疑地举起了右手，想了想，慢慢弯曲食指，轻轻地敲在门上，里面没有反应，又敲了三下，仍然没有动静。他鼓起勇气，又轻轻地敲了敲，还是没有人出来开门，他一下子愣在了那里。

同学们，运用这种动作拆分的方法，我们是不是一下子就能把动作写具体了呢？希望同学们在自己的作文中也能运用这种方法，让自己的文章更加具体。

妙招三：准确运用词语

这里的“准确”，包括两层含义：一是体现人物特点，二是结合具体情境。这就要求在写人物动作的时候，避免使用那些“万能词”。什么是万能词呢？就是那些无所不能，多用途的词语。比方说下面的句子

我走到门前。

我走到妈妈面前。

我走过去。

“走”就是一个万能词，还有“看”“拿”“吃”等等。这些词用起来看似没有任何问题，可以用来写人物的动作。但是要知道，这些万能词有时却是万万不能的，因为它们不够准确。

我们都知道，世界上没有完全相同的两个人，人物的性别、性格、年龄、身份不同，他们所表现出来的行动的特点也一定是不同的。所以，在描写人物动作的时候，要充分结合人物的性别、性格、年龄、身份等，要表现出人物的特点。

例如：一个家境富裕的孩子，他是把一块钱拿在手里。而一个贫穷的孩子，他会把一块钱攥在手里。

再如：一个腼腆的人，笑的时候是“抿着嘴，嘴角微微翘起”的微笑，而一个爽朗的人笑得时候是“咧开嘴巴，露出牙齿”的开怀大笑。

第二点，人在不同情景、环境中，行动的特点更是不同的，更需要注意准确用词。

比方说，你在饭后散步时的“走”和上学要迟到时的“走”是一样的吗？肯定是不一样的。你在平时喝水时，可能是“拿起杯子，把杯子凑到嘴边，一仰脖，喝一口。”而当你渴极了或者是时间紧急的时候，你会怎样喝水呢？肯定是“一把抓过杯子，凑到嘴边，一仰脖，‘咕咚’灌下一大口”，你看，同样是你这个人，同样是喝水，因为情境不同，表现出来的动作不同，所选用的动词肯定也是不一样的。

提醒同学们一定要注意，在描写人物行动时，务求做到“准确”二字--抓住人物行动的特点写，抓住人物在特定情境中行动的特点写。这样才能把人物的动作写准确，把人物写活。

在学习英语写作之前先来看下练习写作对你的英文有什么样的帮助：

好处1、辅助提升口语语言组织力

好处2、提升语法

好处3、帮助背单词和句型。

了解到联系英语写作带来的好处后让我们来看看学习英语写作有哪些方法：

零基础英语写作入门方法一：背单词

单词是英语写作的基本构成之一，拥有大量的词汇才能写出你想要的文章，背单词有很多方法用mp3在零碎的时间边听边背边写，还有单词前后缀记忆法等众多方法，只要掌握其中一种适合你的方法，就开始大量的充实你的词汇吧。

零基础英语写作入门方法二：语法

语法是将单词串联在一起变成文章的那根线，学习好语法是整个英语阅读的重中之重。推荐熟读语法俱乐部，同时搭配大量的阅读自己感兴趣的文章，在大量的语境中去领受感悟本书的妙处。

零基础英语写作入门方法三：长时间的练习

写日记，这是最简单最长久的写作练习你不需要有任何的准备，这是你会接触到最基础的写作练习，你可以写任何你感兴趣的事情，你要做的就是拿起笔和本子把自已生活上的点点滴滴用英文记录下来。下面就是我的第一篇英文日记！

"today i rest,i stayed at home.sister call me go to the mother.i want not go there,because i must go to the company .去领 clothes.刚刚上完课come back.at home i find my 皮 shoes.now 要穿皮shoes了,write 日记好搞笑，还可以写点english了,i believe 以后 i sure i会更好。”

大家可能会看不懂这篇文章。你可能会觉得很好，说老实话当我现回过头去看我以前的日记我看了也觉得很好笑。但这就是我的第一篇英文日记，我的英文写作就是从这里开始的。你会发现写得非常直白，简直就是中文翻译毫无语法可言。但没有关系每个人开始都是这样的。

在写日记的开始阶段，你可能会像我这样不知道怎么去写或跟本无法组织语言，你可以像我这样按自已大脑里中文的想法去写，把会的单词都写上去不会的就用中文代替。在这个阶段你更多的是在使用你所学的词汇，有时候你会觉得这样很好玩。每天坚持写一篇，慢慢的你会发现你用的中文越来越少了有时候整篇文章都可以用英文写出来，随着你英语学习的进度不断推进，你在写句子的时候你不会直译了，你开始吧语法考虑到你的语言组织里面去。

当你要表边一个句子又找不到这个单词的时候，这种映像会深深的印在你的脑海里，当你在收集单词时候你就会注意收集那些非常实用的单词了。你会背更多的单词因为你想终有一天我的整篇文章是用英文写的。对于初期的写作，我认为就是这样写吧，请注意兴趣的培养。

高考英语任务型写作训练练习（一）

读写任务（满分25分）

请阅读以下的短文，然后根据提供的任务说明和写作要求， 写一篇150字左右的英语短文。

（任务说明）

1.概括短文的内容要点（该部分的字数大约60-80）；

2.清楚地陈述你自己的看法；

3.提供具有一定说服力的论据或实例来支持你的观点，可以参照文中的内容，但不能抄袭文中的句子；

4.文章体裁不限，但必须结构合理，内容连贯，有条理性。

（阅读材料）

Almost everyone knows that water covers three-fourths of the earths surface. Most of it， however， is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also， some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact， less than one percent is left for the use of people， animals and plant life. All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce， but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel， petroleum， paper and rubber and so on. Scientists estimate that the need for fresh water will have doubled by the year 2003. If they are correct， we must find new ways of saving it or producing it. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug， and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another， they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.

参考范文

With the worldwide increase of population， more and more water is needed. Meanwhile，the water sources are getting polluted by human beings in one way or another. Some nations are taking measures to solve this problem. They even communicate with each other hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs of their people.

随着世界范围内的人口增长,越来越需要更多的水。与此同时,水源被污染,人类以一种方式或另一种方式。一些国家正在采取措施来解决这个问题。他们甚至相互沟通希望能找到更好的方法来保存并生成水来满足人民的需要。

On a personal level， to solve the problem with fresh water， both the government and inpiduals should make every effort. For example， for the government， it is urgent to make detailed laws that require businesses and inpiduals to stop polluting the environment and to save water while it is not necessarily used. Besides， education should be offered to all the citizens to raise their awareness of the importance of protecting environment and saving water. As inpiduals， we need to take action to play our own part in our everyday life.

在个人层面上,用淡水来解决这个问题,政府和个人都应该尽一切努力。例如,对于政府来说,迫在眉睫的是做出详细的法律,要求企业和个人停止污染环境,节约用水,而不一定是使用它。除此之外,教育应该提供给所有的公民提高他们的意识保护环境和节约用水的重要性。作为个人,我们需要采取行动来扮演自己的角色在我们的日常生活。

议论是作者对客观事物进行分析、评论、说服，以表明自己的见解、主张、态度的表达方式，通常由论点 、论据、论证三部分构成。小编收集了高中生议论文写作基本知识，欢迎阅读。

一、议论文段的写作可采用“五步法”来完成

(1)第一步，段的首句：开门见山，一定要摆放这一小节的分论点。

(2)第二步：引用名人名言。从理论上对分论点进行论证，即理论论证。要注意名人名言与分论点有关系，如没有联系，则不能起论证作用。

(3)第三步：列举有典型性、代表性的事例，古今中外，正反事例均可。要紧扣分论点。写法上简要叙述即可，不要过多描写。

(4)第四步：分析说理。这是本段最重要的一步。因为没有分析说理，光列举一个两个事例，不进行分析说理，那这举出的事例就不能成为分论点的论据，也就没有说服力。那么怎样进行分析呢?常用的有两种分析说理方法，即因果法和假设法。

(5)第五步：本段小结。照应本段开头，重申这一节的分论点。可加上“因此”或“所以我认为”等字样。这样一来，本小节就形成了一个完整的说理板块

1、理解议论文的文体知识：议论文三要素、论证方法、议论文结构、常见的议论文的写法、议论文的种类等。

2、思想准备：想清楚要写的内容。如果认识不清，你可看相关的书，《名人名言》《论点论据大全》可以说是个 捷径。

平时要注意积累，如每天背两条名言，即一个故事。

这样，你就会写好议论文。不知你对议论文掌握的 如何，不知下面的内容对你是否有帮助。

一、议论文的三要素：

1、论点：是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅，任何一 篇文章只有一个中心论点 ，一般可以有分论点。论点应该正确、鲜明、概括，是一个完整的判断句。绝不可模棱 两可。

论点的位置一般有四个：

①文题

②开头

2、论据

用来证明论 点的材料，有事实论据和理论论据两种。

选用事实论据 要注意：

①必须具有典型性。古今中外的都可以。是 大多数人所知道的，最起码是登过报纸上过电视的 。

②最好具有新颖性。

③论据的表述要准确、叙述要概括 ，能证明论点即可。

选用的道理论据要注意：

①可以是名言、警句、俗话、谚语、定理、公式等。

②要精 确，不能 篡改、歪曲。

③和论点有必然联系，能证明论点的。

3、论证：论证时使用论据证明论点 的过程 。

①论证的基本类型：立论、驳论。立论从正面论述，驳论从反面论述。我们写议论文一般以立 论为主。

②论证的基本结构层次：三段论式的结构。

提出问题(是什么)→分析问题(为什 么)→解决问题(怎么办)

也即： 引论 本论 结论

常见的论证结构：

a、总分总式结构 b、对照 式结构 c、层进式结构 d、并列式结构

③常用的论证方法：

a、例证法(也叫举例论证)：用典型事例 作论据来证明论点，俗话说事实胜于 雄辩。

b、引证法(也叫道理论证)除引用上述介绍的理论论据以外，还 可以引用一些古 典诗词中的名句，它一方面能加强论证的力量，另一方面，它还可以丰富文章的内容，增强议论 文的文学性。

c、对比论证(也叫正反论证)：这种方法可以增强论证的鲜明性，使读者清楚作者赞成什么，反对什么 。

d、喻证法(也叫比喻论证)，增强了作品论证的形象性、文学性、说服力。

③文章中间

④结尾