高一英语经常会出的作文必考题目（汇集20篇）

The Chinese New Year has a great history. In our past, people lived in an agricultural society and worked all year long. They only took a break after the harvest and before the planting of seeds. This happens to coincide with the beginning of the lunar New Year.

The Chinese New Year is very similar to the Western one, rich in traditions, folklores and rituals. It has been said that it is a combination of the Western Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year. This is hardly an exaggeration!

The origin of the Chinese New Year itself is centuries old - in fact, too old to actually be traced. It is popularly recognized as the Spring Festival and celebrations last 15 days.

Preparations tend to begin a month before the date of the Chinese New Year (similar to a Western Christmas). During this time people start buying presents, decoration materials, food and clothing. A huge clean-up gets underway days before the New Year, when Chinese houses are cleaned from top to bottom. This ritual is supposed to sweep away all traces of bad luck. Doors and windowpanes are often given a new coat of paint, usually red, then decorated with paper cuts and couplets with themes such as happiness, wealth and longevity printed on them.

The end of the New Year is marked by the Festival of Lanterns, which is a celebration with singing, dancing and lantern shows.

At the Festival, all traditions are honored. The predominant colors are red and gold. "Good Wish" banners are hung from the ceilings and walls. The "God of Fortune" is there to give Hong Baos. Lion dancers perform on stage continuously. Visitors take home plants and flowers symbolizing good luck. An array of New Years specialty food is available in the Food Market. Visitors purchase new clothing, shoes and pottery at the Market Fair. Bargaining for the best deal is commonplace!

Time always passes quickly. In the blink of an eye it has to end. Now the burden is more and more big, the pressure will continue to increase. With one family expectations. I don’t want to let the family expectations become disappointed. So I’m trying. Now in order to their future happiness is struggling. I want to own a substantial future, give yourself a perfect life. Just don’t want to let myself down, leave regret memories. Some people always said to me: life is their own, happiness can only rely on their own efforts, do not always think what things are so simple. I think that makes sense, it has become my motto.

My name is Susan. I‘m 12 years old.My favorite subject is Math.

Because I think it‘s difficult but funny.I like green very much.I often play volleyball after school.I think it‘s interesting .I like

playing the violin and the piano.My favorite day is Sunday.Because in that day I don‘t go to school.

It is time for sports It is about half past four.It is time for sport.The students are on the playground.

They are playing a football match.LiDong is one of them.He is good at football.He plays well.He is on the school football team.LiDong says,I like playing football.It is my favourite sport.LiDong‘s friends,PanChen and WangHaisay,He‘s a football fan.Ronaldo is his favourite player.

Look at the boys around the basketball court.Many boys are watching a basketball match.The tall boy,Tanglin,is very good at playing basketball.He is very fast and he plays well.Many of his friends say,He is a good basketball player.His favourite basketball player is YaoMing.His team is sure to win.

I hope they can be the good players of our country,too.

Everyone has a family. We live in it and feel very warm. There are three persons in my family, my mother, father and I. We live together very happily and there are many interesting stories about my family.

My father is a hard-working man. He works as a doctor. He always tries his best to help every, patient and make patients comfortable. But sonetimes he works so hard that he can’t remember the date.

My mother is a woman with a bad memory. She always does a lot of housework, but sometimes she makes mistakes out of carelessness. For example, one day, she washed clothes in the washer, after the washer finished the work, she found she hadn’t filled the washer with water.

Now let me tell you a funny thing: one day, father wanted to get up early as usual, buthe wasn’t able to do that, because he hadn’t set the alarm clock the night before, so when he got up, he did everything in a hurry. After father left, mother said to me mysteriously, "He will come back soon." "Why?" I was greatly surprised. "Because today is Sunday, his holiday!" Just as mother said, father came back home soon, and went to bed again--he was too tired.

You see, what an interesting family have! I hope that you will have one like mine, too.

假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：

1.出发及返回时间;

2.活动：包饺子、表演节目等。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3.结语已为你写好。

Dear Lucy,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Looking forward to you reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

参考范文：

Dear Lucy,

How are you doing? I am LiHua, a 17-year-old teenager currently studying in your school. Recently, our class plan to visit the nursing home this Sunday in order to help the old there and enrich our afterschool life. As the vice monitor, I would like to invite you to come with us.

Here are some details about this activity. To begin with, we will leave the school by bus at 8:00 AM and return at 5:00 PM. Besides, there will be a lot of activities such as making Chinese dumplings and giving performances, which will be not only meaningful but also interesting.

Hopefully, you would like the plan and join us. I have the confidence that we will have a great time there. Thanks for reading my letter. I am looking forward to your reply and your decision.

Best wishes,

Yours,

LiHua

There are many excellent stars in various fields at home and abroad, for example Zhou Xun in film industry, Mo Yan in literature, and Bolt in the sports circles. My favorite star is Zhou Xun, who is an outstanding actress. Zhou Xun watched movies since she was a little girl. Her father worked in a cinema, which offered her golden opportunity to access to movie. Maybe her talented performance was developed since then. Over the two decades Zhou Xun performs in TV or movies, her acting is mature day after day, bringing her lots of awards. Now she has become one of the iconic actresses in China. Besides, she advocates herself in philanthropy and environmental protection. Zhou Xun calls on everyone to live a low-carbon life to keep a green and beautiful planet. I like her because of her excellent performing as well as her personality.

在国内外各领域中都有杰出的明星，例如电影界的周迅、文学界的莫言和体育界的博尔特。我最喜欢的明星是周迅，她是一位很棒的电影演员。周迅还是个小孩子时，就接触到了电影。她的爸爸在一间电影院工作，这是她接触电影的绝佳机会，也许她的表演天赋就是从那个时候培养起来的。在她踏足电视电影的二十年里，周迅的表演日渐成熟，也给她带来了许多的荣誉。现在，她已经成为了华语影坛最具标志性的女演员之一。此外，她也热衷于慈善事业和环保。周迅号召大家低碳生活，还我们一个绿色、美丽的地球。我喜欢她，不仅因为她出色的表演，也因为她的人格魅力。

[高一英语作文:My Favorite Star

A long time ago,there was an emperor who told his horseman that if he could ride on his horse and cover as much land area as he liked,then the emperor would give him the area of land he would have covered.

Sure enough,the horseman quickly jumped onto his horse and rode as fast as possible to cover as much land area as he could.He kept on riding and riding,whipping the horse to go as fast as possible.When he was hungry or tired,he did not stop because he wanted to cover as much area as possible.

Finally,the horseman came to a point when he had covered a substantial area but was exhausted and dying.He asked himself,"Why did I pushmyself so hard to cover so much land area?Now I am dying and I only need a very small area to bury myself."

The above strory is similar with the journey of our life.We push very hard everyday to make more money,to gain power and recognition.We neglect our health,time with our family and to appreciate the surrounding beauties and the hobbies we love.One day when we look back,we will realize that we dont really need that much,but then we cannot turn back time for what we have missed.

So,take it easy!Do what you want to do and appreciate nature.Life is fragile;life is short.Dont take life for granted.Live a balanced lifestyle and enjoy life!

Teacher is a great job in most students’ eyes. When they are asked what they want to be in the future, most will say they want to be a teacher and make a contribution to the society. Indeed, we have access to the teachers all the time and they have great influence on us. So being a teacher is a ideal job for most students, but for me, I want to be a librarian. I like reading books so much and once I have time, I will be immersed in these novels. Books broaden my vision, though I can’t travel to the places, I can still know about these famous sites from these books. Being a librarian can make me have a lot of time to read.

Today is Saturday, the weather is very nice. I’m very happy to finally have the opportunity to go to the zoo with my parents. My parents work very hard to support the family every day, so they often do not have time to stay with me. I hope that they can accompany me to the zoo for a long time.

今天是星期六。天气很好。我很开心最后有这个机会和我爸爸妈妈一起去动物园。为了这个家，我爸爸妈妈每天都很努力工作，所以他们经常是没有时间陪我的。很久之前我就希望他们能够陪我去动物园玩了。

Because it’s weekend, there are many people in the zoo. First, we go to see some birds. There are many kinds of birds in cages, I can not tell all their names. Then, we go to visit the dolphin show, the dolphin is very lovely and its show brings everyone happiness. At the end, we go to the shop in the zoo; my mother bought me a bear doll that I like very much.

因为是周末，动物园里面有很多人。首先，我们去看了鸟儿。笼子里面有各种各样的鸟，我都不能把它们的名字说全。之后，我们去看了海豚表演。海豚很可爱，它的表演也给大家带来了欢乐。最后我们去了动物园里面的商店，妈妈给我买了一个我很喜欢的玩具熊。

Today is a happy day, thank you my parents to giving me a beautiful memory. I hope that they can have more time to take a break and have more time to stay with me. I love them so much.

今天是开心的一天。谢谢我的父母给了我这么好的回忆。我希望他们能够好好休息一下并抽更多的时间陪陪我。我很爱他们。

It has been over 100 years since the very first plane, invented by the Wright Brothers, flew into the sky. The first plane, which was made of wood, had only been able to fly for 12 seconds in the air, but it opened the door of the aviation world. I wonder how the Wright brothers would imagine such a magnificent idea. They must have some kind of dream----human beings like birds, flying freely in space----they attempted various kinds of material to make planes, finally making their dream come true, although only a short 12 seconds for the first flight! We students often have different dreams: to be scientists, engineers, doctors, etc. Like the Wright brothers when they were young, we should try our best to experience different things, for example, going out of doors to watch different animals, watching butterflies in the air, or watching fish in the water. With more knowledge in these fields, we can become biologists in the future. Generally speaking, we’d better make greater efforts in our studies. In this way, we can make our dreams come true, not only like the Wright brothers in the sky, but also like Yang Liwei in outer space.

它已经超过100年以来的第一架飞机，由莱特兄弟发明，飞入天空。第一架由木头制成的飞机，在空中飞行了12秒，但它打开了世界的门。我不知道莱特兄弟会怎样想象这样一个宏伟的想法。他们必须有某种梦想----人类就像鸟儿，自由地在太空中飞行----他们试图用各种材料制造飞机，最终使他们的梦想成真，虽然只有短短的12秒的第一次飞行！我们学生经常有不同的梦想：做科学家、工程师、医生等。就像莱特兄弟，他们年轻时，我们应该尽我们最大的努力去体验不同的东西，例如，走出门去看不同的动物，看蝴蝶在空中，或在水中看鱼。在这些领域里有更多的知识，我们可以成为未来的生物学家。一般而言，我们最好在我们的研究中作出更大的努力。这样，我们才能使我们的梦想成真，不仅像莱特兄弟的天空，而且还像杨利伟在外层空间。

[高一英语作文之梦想能够飞翔

Guangzhou is the capital of guangdong. it is the biggest city in south china. and it is one of the most important cities in guangdong.

The population of guangzhou is more than 700 million. just like many cities， there are a lot of cars， buses and trucks. so the air in the city is not clean. guangzhou is a noisy and crowded city. but i like it best. because guangzhou is my home.

As we all known，food safety problems are more and more popular in our

country，because more cases about food safety problem have appeared.

Firstly，As the old saying goes，the food is what matters to the people。 Food

plays an important role in peoples life。So food safety influences peoples

health and life。Secondly，some producers only think about earning money without

thinking about ensuring food safty。they produce unqualified food.Thirdly， some

food supervisory departpents dont perform their duty pletely。This behavior make

some producer ignore the safety of production.

If we want to solve problems that is illustrated former，we must call on the

supervisory department to manage the food market.And the producers must paly

their roles。 Lastly， we hope that there is law that punish illegal acts.

I think everyone likes weekend. Because it’s time for relax and fun. Now I

want to talk about my weekend.

I often spend Saturday for fun. Such as playing basketball with my friends,

watching movies and TV shows, having a trip with family and so on. And I always

spend Sunday for homework and have some rest. Sometimes I visit my grandparents

with my parents. It’s very interesting to visit them.

期末考试的到来让老师不知道选择哪种题目作考题，下面是小编整理的高一作文题目新颖，欢迎阅读。

1、 请以“中学生失掉____了吗?”为题写一篇文章。要求：1根据题目，选定文体(诗歌除外)。

2、 有一个地方，那儿，写满了友谊、感动和期盼，充满了关爱、欢乐和温馨;那儿，有鲜花和掌声，有失落和泪水;那儿，我们邂逅了美丽，学会了坚韧……那儿，留下了你怎样的故事?带给你怎样的思考和感悟?请以“那儿，_________”为标题写一篇文章。

要求：(1)把题目补充完整;(2)自选文体;(3)不少于600字。

3、作文题目：在春光里奔跑 要求：文体不限;不少于600字(若写诗歌，不少于20行)。

4、 我眼中的四季

5、 命题作文“原来春天一直在我身边”，看似简单，实际也须紧扣“原来”、“春天”、“一直”这几个要素进行考虑。

6、 好奇指的是对不了解的事物感到新奇，发生兴趣。有人对星空的奥秘感到好奇，于是就去观察探究;有人对“小人国”的故事感到好奇，于是就去读《格列佛游记》;有人对身边的变化感到好奇，于是就去了解这变化的原因……好奇，会使你有很多新的发现，会使你的生活更加丰富多彩。请以“好奇”为题目，写一篇文章。字数在600-1000字之间。

7、 请从下面两题中任选一题作文。(50分)

题一：在我们的心灵深处，总有一个地方，珍藏着我们的秘密，镌刻着我们的足迹，生长着我们的信念，承载着我们的悲欢离合……以“每个人心里一亩田”为题，写一篇文章。

题二：俗话说“有舍才有得”但丢掉什么总是不易，因为这需要觉醒，需要勇气，需要毅力。生活就是这样，有时真的需要我们学会舍，才能得。请以“丢掉______”为题，写一篇文章。

8、防城港昨天的背影依稀可辨，今天的事物历历在目，明天的日子近在眼前。过往的昨天值得念想，经历中的今天值得玩味，不确定的明天更值得期待。请根据你的认识、经历或想象，以“向明天问个好”为题，写一篇作文。提示与要求：(1)内容自选，立意自定，请你打开思路，选择熟识的人、事、物、景、情作文，表达自己的真情实感;(2)文体自选，可以记叙经历，书法情感，发表议论，介绍说明，编写故事等等，请选择你最擅长的文体作文。

9、 半命题作文“写给逝去的_______ "。

10、 “提醒”话题作文。阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。他失信了，你可以提醒他“言必行”。他沮丧了，你可以提醒他“不可夺其志”。他困惑了，你可以提醒他“走自己的路”。我受挫败了，我应该提醒自己“自己不勇敢，没人替你坚强：。我想逃遁了，我应该提醒自己”每个人的青春都是不容易的”。我要颓废了，我应该提醒自己“每一个不曾起舞的日子都是对生命的辜负”。“提醒”真的那么重要吗?请以“提醒”为话题，写一篇文章。要求：①题目自拟，文体自选②可以记叙经历，抒写感受，也可以发表议论。

11、 阅读下面的文字，按提示和要求作文。(70分)活着需要食物和水让自己的生命得以维持，但活着不仅仅是拥有生命，巴金曾说过：“我们不是单靠吃米活着”，活着还需要学很多不同的知识来充实自己的大脑，让自己的生命和思想合并以致达到完美;活着还需要精神来支撑自己的灵魂，让自己的生命与心灵结合以致绽放精彩。那活着，还需要什么呢?需要爱心，需要阳光，需要艺术，需要懂得放下......请以“活着需要什么”为题，写一篇文章。提示和要求：(1)自定角度作文;(2)除诗歌外，文体自选;(3)不少于600字;(4)文中不要出现自己的姓名、校名。

12、 捧读一本心爱的书，我们常有走进书中的感觉：书里的故事好像就是自己的故事，书里的情感似乎就是自己的情感，书里的思考也仿佛就是自己的思考……请以“书里有个"我"”为题写一篇作文。

13、 台湾歌手齐豫的歌曲《窗外有蓝天》，歌词如下：如果我的祝福，能够让你不再感到孤独，这属于春天的音符，我最美的祝福，是送给你成长的礼物。如果我的付出 ，能够让不再傍惶无助，我愿将所有的希望，化成亮丽的阳光，照亮你心灵最深处……擦亮你心窗，抹去尘埃，喔，你将会看见——窗外依然有蓝天!请以“窗外有蓝天”为题写一篇不少于600字的文章。要求：①文体自选，诗歌除外。

14、 作文(65分，书写占5分)兴趣是良师益友。她牵引着你走进趣味盎然的生活，她指引着你一步步去探索神奇美妙的世界，她引领着你去采摘甜蜜的成功果实。有了兴趣的牵引，生活就会更加愉悦、幸福。请以“兴趣，是一种甜蜜的牵引”为题，写一篇文章。

15、 夏天如约而至，2013年夏天，是一个特殊的夏天，我们即将告别初中生活，开始新的人生旅程。在这个夏天，我们有温暖的回忆，离别的愁绪，美好的期待。迷惘、思考、选择、拼搏、自由、梦想……都将成为这个夏天的关键词。请以“2013，我的夏天”为题写一篇作文。

16、 6岁的小琪琪和妈妈一起去爬山，到了山顶的时候突然下雨了，可是她们什么雨具也没带。旁边的一位叔叔将仅有的一件雨衣给了他儿子，这位男孩看到她们后又将雨衣给了小琪琪。琪琪问妈妈：“为什么叔叔将雨衣给了哥哥，哥哥又给了我呢?”妈妈回答道：“因为叔叔比哥哥强大，哥哥又比你强大呀。他们都在保护比自己弱小的人。而且你看，这种帮助、这种爱都是可以传递的呀。”琪琪左右看了看，跑过去将雨衣挡在了一朵风雨中飘摇的娇弱小花上面。请根据以上材料，自选角度，写一篇文章。

17、 你认真望过一朵云吗?认真地唱过一首歌吗?认真地品过一句话吗?认真地爱过一个人吗?认真地追过一个梦吗?……认真是一种态度，认真地去做每一件事吧!请以“认真”为题目，写一篇文章。

18、 我以为我读懂了春天，原来，我只知道春天过了是夏天;

我以为我读懂了青春，原来，我只把青春当成一段时间;

我以为我读懂了母爱，原来，我把母爱当成早餐;

我以为我读懂了朋友，原来，我把朋友当成玩伴……

请以《原来我没懂》为题，写一篇不少于600字的文章。

My new years resolution is very easy, only three piece of advice. At first, I want to get good grade. Next,I have studied hard as my math is not good,so I have practiced everyday. Further, I want to take my dance lesson .Because I really love dance. I have already studied five dances since 2011. I just have been a bus spotter. I have not yet ever liked bus like now. I will spend some money for bus model. These are my new year’s resolution, I hope it,really need to work hard,I think I can be successful. I will never give up.

我的新年愿望很简单，只有三个建议。首先，我想获得好成绩。接下来，我努力学习因为我的数学不好，所以我每天都做练习。此外，我希望参加舞蹈课。因为我真的很喜欢跳舞。从2011年起我已经学了5年舞蹈了。我刚刚成为了一个公共汽车检举员。我还从来没有像现在一样喜欢公交车。我会花一些钱买一些公交车模型。这些都是我新的一年的新年愿望，我希望，我可以真正去努力，我想我能成功。我永远不会放弃。

Should students make friends on line ?Some people say yes .The internet helps make many friends .Chatting on line ,students can more freely express their feelings and opinions ,and even get help with their foreign language studies .

Others ,however, think students should not .They say making friends on line is a waste of time ,which should be spent more meaningfully on study .Besides ,some students get cheated on line.

It is my opinion that students should place their study ,health and safety before other things .As for friendship ,we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.

A fun-filled， pain-free lifestyle equaling happiness actually reduces their

chances of ever obtaining real happiness. As a result，many people avoid the very

attempts that are the source of true happiness.And the real happiness always

contains some pain .In the other hand， true happiness has nothing to do with

fun. All those who always have so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

I have a bitter experience. When I was a child， I lived a poor life，and I

had a happy and meaningful life in my childhood. And my parents were always

respecting each other. And now we have some money，and our life has improved a

lot. To tell the truth， it is a good thing. Unfortunately，My father always goes

out and takes part in the gambling activities. And my mother sometimes quarrels

with my father. I am extremely unhappy about it. I think money doesnt equal

happiness. And pain-free lifestyle also doesnt equal happiness. The real

happiness is that everyone loves each other， and does everything useful for our

society. Most of my classmates support me. But some of them think money is

everything. In my opinion，we cant do things without money. But money cant take

the place of everything，such as your life，your time and your happiness.

Water is very important to us. If you don t have water for three days, you will die. We can use water for flowers, swimming, washing and many different things. We use it to cook, make electricity, and put out fires and so on. We use millions of liters of water every day.

Do you know how does the water come to your home? It travels through water pipes. Some are long and wide but some are short and narrow. Then the water travels through the water pipes to the reservoirs. Then it travels through the water pipes to the river and to the special factories that purify the water. When the water is purified, we can drink it. Please don t leave garbage in the water on which we line, and keep the water clean.

When I got settled, the total use of the microwave to do their ownthings to eat. One day, my father saw me, I am afraid to say that I grew up asa cook. I immediately shaken like a rattle-drum head, you said : "That isnot my ideal. When I grow up I want to IT (information technology) industries."Yes, I bought a computer five years ago after his father, I am familiarwith it day by day. Until last year, and I have formed a deep bond with it.From then on, I want success in the information technology industry to makecontributions to the cause of national computer. But my father said I couldonly do in the field "testing the game," is what the new game, andalways let me play with, the report there will be any games. I think what hesaid is not their fault, I always play games recently, those who do not have aveteran like Flash. In recent days, I sprouted out of a bad idea : I will beplaying the game that the network server to the black. My account will revisethe highest level. However, I Xiangliaoyouxiang, this is wrong, but was caughtby the police network is not good. When hackers but also need high computerskills. As a member of the IT industry is my ideal, I would like to advancethis goal, to improve their computer skills.

Love is everything. Love is the most brilliant thing in the world. Because

of love, our world turns out to be a sunny place.

We couldnt go without love. For instance, love can help us communicate

with each other very well, love can help us overcome all the difficulties, love

can help us get rid of our unhappiness, love can turn our enemies into our

friends, and our destinies can also be changed by love.

Whats more, love is a bowl of rice for a hungry beggar, love is an

overcoat for a tramp in winter days, love is an umbrella for us in raining days,

love is a stick for the old, love is the best medicine for the sick, love is the

sunlight for the blind, and love is the gospel for the deaf. Without love, our

world is meaningless.

However, love isnt a bunch of flowers or a nice present. Love is a thread

in our coat. Love is inside, making our life warm and comfortable.

写作练习：旅游活动（中段考范文）

【单元财富运用】

假定你是李华，上周末和家人开车去大角湾度假。请你根据以下要点，给你的美国朋友Tom介绍你的旅游经历。

1. 出发时间：周六早上7点；

2. 准备物品：零食、衣服、相机等；

3. 旅游活动：游泳，欣赏海水、海滩、日出和日落等美景，吃海鲜，买纪念品；

4. 你的感受。

【注意】：1. 词数100；

2. 开头已给出，但不计入总词数；

3. 可以适当增加节，以使行文连贯。

Last weekend my family and I went to Dajiaowan Gulf for a holiday.______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

步骤1：认真审题，提炼要点。

一定体裁：记叙文，记叙一次旅游活动

二定时态：旅游发生在过去，因此描述旅游前的准备和过程都应该采用一般过去

时；而感想则可以用一般现在时或现在完成时。

三定要点：结合写作内容，整理和罗列要点。

表达旅游活动的常用词汇：

步骤2：整合信息，连词成句。

1. 星期六早上7点开车出发。

_____________________________________________________________________

2. 准备好零食、衣服、相机等。

__________________________________________________________________

3. 在海滩游泳，欣赏海水日出和日落等美景。

__________________________________________________________________

4. 吃海鲜，买纪念品；

___________________________________________________________________

5. 谈感受。

___________________________________________________________________

步骤3：连句成段，用上适当的关联词。

not only…but also…, where, what’s more /besides / in addition, then, because…..

【我的作文】

Last weekend my family and I went to Dajiaowan Gulf for a holiday.______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________