有关于春节的英语作文三篇 作文高中【通用20篇】

Taiwanlies off the east coast of Fujian Province. It’s an island surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the east, and the East China Sea to the north.

Taiwan is the largest island in our country. The island, which is about 3,6000 square kilometers, has a population of over two hundred million. There are lots of resources in Taiwan. Its products like banana, rice and tea are well-known all over the world. It has a good environment and mild climate. Thousands of people like to come here for traveling.

Taiwan is part of China. Most of people settling there come from Fujian and Guangdong. We Chinese all hope that Taiwan can return to the embrace of the motherland at an early date.

Spring Festival is our Chinese traditional festival, is the most important festival, of course, in many of the festivals, my favorite is the Spring Festival. Because the Spring Festival family can be together to reunion, the old welcome new, but also can sit together to watch the Spring Festival Gala.

In the evening our family had a reunion dinner together, and the family was happy. After dinner, mother washed. When it came to the live time of the Spring Festival party, the family sat around the TV and listened to Song Zuyings sound of Louis Lius two coins. This magic made me puzzled. I knew that magic had to play tricks, but I wanted to know what Louis Liu was using to make two coins penetrate the glass. And then the magic begins.

First let a person check, is a common coin, no doubt. I know the other side of the glass assistant reached. Press the coin on the glass. (in the assistant sleeve, there is a magnet coin.)

Louis Liu put the coins in his hand on the glass, and then hid the coins in his hand in his sleeve. At this time he has a hand, hand beat desktop instant, there are four, two after the rebound, carefully look at the thickness of the two times different. I didnt expect the magic to hide so many mysteries.

The family is happy to see the Spring Festival Gala together. We believe that our family will be happier and happier in the new year.

27th, September of every year is World Tourism Day.

Of course, it is to advocate people to travel often.

Nowadays, as people’s living standard improve, the number and frequency of people to travel is also increasing. Why? I think it may because of the advantage of travel. First of all, travel can make people relaxed. In today’s competitive society, everyone is under great stress.

They may be crazy if they are in that situation in the long term. Going travel, leaving all the troubles behind for a period of time, people will have a good rest and then fight again. Secondly, travel can broaden people’s vision.

People can learn more through what they see and hear.

This knowledge is good for them. Last but not least, travel can enlarge people’s social circle, because they can make new friends on the way of their trip. In conclusion, travel has so many advantages. It is no wonder that there is a World Tourism Day to encourage everyone to go travel.

每年的月二十七是世界旅游日。当然，这是为了提倡人们多旅游而设的。

如今，随着人们生活水平的提高，去旅游的人数和频率都随之增加了。为什么会这样呢？我觉得可能是因为旅游所拥有的优势。首先，旅游可以使人放松。

在当今竞争激烈的社会，每个人都承受着巨大的压力。长期处于这种状态下，他们可能会疯了。

去旅行，把所有的烦恼暂抛脑后，人们将会得到良好的休息，然后再奋斗。

其次，旅游能开阔人们的视野。人们可以通过他们的所见所闻而学习。这些知识对他们是有用的。最后但并非最不重要的，旅行可以扩大人们的社交圈，因为他们可以在旅途中结识新朋友。总之，旅行有很多优点。难怪会有世界旅游日来鼓励大家去旅行。

[高中英语作文：旅游

I had a good time during Spring Festival.

This morning,I got up at six oclock.Then I brushed my teeth and washed my face.After that,I had breakfast with my parents.At noon,I went to my grandparents house and visited my aunts,uncles and cousins.In the afternoon,we made dumplings together.In the evening,we had dumplings,sweet and sour pork,and lots of nice dishes for dinner.After dinner,my parents and I went home.We set off fireworks and went to bed then.

We were all very happy.That was a nice Spring Festival.

[关于春节的英语作文150词

After seeing so many movies about the youth, we are starting to wonder about what do we have in our youth, the fight, the drink or the love?

My answer is no.

What we see from the movie is not true, the plots are exaggerated and misunderstood.

For students, their youth is the process of fighting. They have studied so hard to realize their dreams.

When they are in primary school, they want to do well and make their parents be proud of them.

When they are in middle school and high school, they need to take part in the exams so as to enter the better future schools.

Even they are in college, they still need to study and fight for the ideal job. There is no doubt that most people keep fighting for their future and this is the memory of youth.

看了很多关于青春的电影之后,我们开始思考我们的青春有什么,打架,喝酒或谈恋爱?我的答案是否定的。

我们从电影看到的是不正确的,故事情节被夸大了,也被误解了。对于学生,他们的青春是战斗的过程。他们努力学习来实现梦想。

在上小学的时候,他们想要做的很好,让父母为他们感到骄傲。当他们在初中和高中的时候,需要参加考试,以便将来进入更好的学校。甚至在大学,他们仍然需要学习和争取理想的工作。毫无疑问,大多数人一直在为自己的未来奋斗,这是青春的记忆。

[高中英语作文：青春的记忆

Hope Project is a Chinese public service project organized by official organization. It aims to help children go back to school, build Hope Primary School and improve rural conditions in poor regions.

In many poor areas in China, there are many school age children cant go to school because their families do not have enough money. As a result, they have to stay at home and help their families do the farm work. We often say that knowledge changes fate. Therefore, only study can help them go to the outside world and change their lives, even change the poor condition of their hometown. Through the Hope Project, much money and books and other materials can be collected to improve the poor conditions.

That makes children can share more resources to get knowledge. Besides, many people in city have a chance and channel to show their kindness. The most important and meaningful is that they can help those children who are desperate in need.

希望工程是由官方组织举办的中国公益项目。该项目旨在帮助孩子们重返校园，建立希望小学以及改善贫困乡村地区的条件。

在中国，很多贫困地区的适龄儿童由于家里没有足够的钱不能去上学。因此，他们不得不待在家帮助家人做农活。我们常常说知识改变命运。因此，只有学习能够帮助他们走出外面的世界，改变他们的生活，甚至是改变他们家乡贫困的现状。通过希望工程，我们可以收集到资金、书籍以及其他材料以改善贫困的现状。这样一来，孩子们就可以分享更多的资源，学到更多知识。

除此之外，城市里的很多人就有机会和渠道显示他们的善良。最重要且有意义的是他们可以帮助那些极需帮助的孩子们。

[希望工程高中英语作文

Life is each persons wealth, because the world with life and colorful, full of vigour, let us love and cherish own life, seize every minute of life. Life is short, be gone for ever, human life is fleeting, time can not be reversed, we can only in a limited life infinite brilliance.

That day, my good friend clay came to my house to play, my mother know, immediately do a lot of delicious to clay. When we have fun when, suddenly, clay fainted. Mom saw mud, immediately sent to hospital. After the doctors detailed inspection, the final judgment is had leukemia. Doctor for my mother said: oh! The child to live no longer than four months, if you come a little earlier treatment, it is no big deal. But now... Alas! Mother pale, said to the doctor: doctor, do not save? The doctor reluctantly shook his head. At that moment, I have tears in eyes is the best, but couldnt flow down. I think: why the event would fall in my good friend why, why! My mother said to me: my daughter, you dont cry. We dont know if that mud, mud know she will be very sad, you promised mom dont tell clay, okay? I cried and said: Mom and I promise you, I will not tell her.

We came to the clay ward, pretending to be happy. For I in the four months to make clay can happy every day, make clay in full every day, I spend a lot of time. But time always flies so fast, I am very sad, because I know the clay have not much time.

[高中英语作文:热爱生命

Many people like traveling. They just feel happy when traveling. But not many people will think the meaning of travel. What is the meaning of travel? Actually, one of the meanings is to find happiness. Putting aside all the trouble to enjoy themselves usually makes people happy. There is another important meaning. It is to learn things. To go out for a visit can enlarge people’s vision. People can learn a lot from it. Therefore, sometimes we will find that some people will be different after they return home from travel. It is because they learn the true meaning of travel.

很多人都喜欢旅行。他们就觉得旅行的时候很开心。但并不是很多人会想旅行的意义。旅行的意义是什么呢？实际上，其中一个就是去寻找快乐。抛开所有的烦恼去享受通常都能让人开心起来。还有一个重要的意义。那就是学习。出去走走可以拓宽人们的视野。人们可以从中学到很多东西。所以，有时我们会发现有些人在旅游回来后会变得不太一样。这是因为他们了解了旅行的真谛。

[高中英语作文：旅行的真谛

Similar to the importance of the Christmas Day for the westerners， the Spring Festival is the most important celebration for Chinese people. Although the meaning and the methods of celebration of the Spring Festival are changing with the time， the important status of the Spring Festival is incomparable.

Chinese Spring Festival has a long history， which is nearly four thousand years old. Initially， the festival had no name or fixed date However， people called Spring Festival “the age” according to the revolution period of Jupiter by B.C. 2100. Before B.C. 1000， people used “the year”， which means “Great Harvest” representing the Spring Festival.

According to the traditional custom， the Spring Festival lasts from the 23rd day of 12th lunar month to the 15th day of 1st lunar month， and the climax should be the New Year Eve and the first day of first lunar month.

类似于圣诞节对于西方人的重要性，春节是中国人最重要的节日。虽然庆祝春节的意义和方法随着时间的变化，春节的地位是无与伦比。

中国的春节有着悠久的历史，这是近四千岁。最初，该节没有名称或固定日期，然而，人们称为“春节”根据公元前2100年木星的革命时期的时代”。在公元前1000年，人们用“年”，这意味着“大丰收”代表的春节。

按照传统习俗，春节是从第十二月第二十三日至第一月第十五日，高潮应该是除夕和正月初一。

January 23 20XX

I have rested for XX days. In these days, I felt very bored. I didn’t know to do what. Although I had a lot of things to do, I felt unnetfortable. I was ill because of the cold weather. I was tired, sleepy and had no strength. My parents are worried about my health. in fact, it didn’t matter. I was always in the room with air-conditioner and opened it in a low temperature. So when I went out, the high temperature disagreed to me. Finally, I was ill.

January 24 20XX

Today, when I awaked up, I found the air-conditioner didn’t work. I used the control, but it still didn’t work. I knew the air-conditioner was in trouble. I went downstairs. My father told me two air-conditioner and two netputer had been broken. Because my father used electric making machine to make electric, so the voltage was not stable. It led to the trouble. Oh! Whenever the government will let the factory use electric? If it lasts longer, I will be crazy!!

January 25 20XX

It doesn’t matter that the air-conditioner has been broken. But my notebook-netputer also was broken. I really don’t know what to do. So I went to play basketball. I didn’t know any one in that place. And I was the first time to go there to play basketball. At first, there was no person playing basketball. So I played basketball alone. A few minutes later, some students came to play. So we played together. Of course, we had a match. And It lasts two hours. After the match, I felt I would be dead. I was too tired.

January 25 20XX

No netputer, I will not know to do what. I have no solution to the problem. So I sent my notebook-netputer to the Asus netputer netpany. I must have my netputer repaired. And the other one, it was thoroughly broken. It can’t be repaired again.The netputer netpany told me that my notebook netputer needed one week to repair. The electric led to all trouble. And many electrical appliances are broken. I don’t know when our country can solve the problem.

January 26 20XX

I have lost two netputers, but I had another one. I bought it about five years ago. It can be called curio. Though it was old. But it can still work. Although it works slowly, I was pleased. I can go on internet again. Chatting with my friends is a good relaxing. In the internet, one of my old friends invited me to tomorrow’s party. He told me that some friends would go, too. So I promised to go. A-ha! I can see my old friends. I was very happy and hopeful.

There is a legend about the origin of the lucky money.

Once upon a time, there was a little monster called "chong" who came to the world on the eve of the great New Year. It came to the head of the sleeping child and touched it, and the child began to cry aloud, and when he woke up, he began to talk.

Then all these clever children became fools, and only knew how to play madly every day. "Chong" is afraid of bright light, therefore, people on the night of every big year, all lights, keep at the childrens side, dare not sleep, this is called "shouchong".

There was an old couple who got a child when they were very old. On the evening of the great New Year, the couple lit candles and stood by their children. Suddenly a gust of wind blew and the candle went out. "Chonghu" floated to the childs head, ready to touch, under the pillow under the red envelope flashing a bright red light.

"Chong" cried, and ran away. The next day, the couple handed out red envelopes to their children and told them what had scared them away.

It turned out that the eight copper COINS had become a fairy, and he was secretly helping the children.

Tell such a story you know the origin of the lucky money! On the evening of the big year, children will receive red envelopes from their elders, which represents the wishes of the elders.

The Spring Festival is the most important festival all the year round for the Chinese.

During this Spring Festival, I have a good time. First of all, I did so well in the final exam that makes my parents very happy. They say that it’s their best gift for the New Year. And we come back our hometown to spend this biggest festival with other relatives. We had a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. There were about thirty people had the dinner together. It was really great. After dinner, we enjoyed the Spring Festival Gala Evening. On the New Year’s Day, we gathered together to play games or cards. We children got lucky money from adults. This was the most exciting thing for us. On the following days, we visited to each other, bringing our best wishes.

对中国人来说，春节是一年中最重要的节日。

今年，我度过了一个快乐的春节。首先，期末考试我考得很好，这让我的父母非常高兴，他们说这是他们最好的新年礼物。我们回老家和亲人们一起度过了这个春节，除夕夜，我们吃了一顿丰盛的年夜饭，大概有三十个人一起吃饭，非常热闹。晚饭过后，我们一起看了春节联欢晚会。大年初一，我们聚在一起玩游戏、打牌。大人们会给小孩压岁钱，这是最让我们高兴的事。在接下来的几天，我们带上最好的祝福，和亲戚们相互串门。

1.as an old saying goes,.正如一句古老的谚语所说

2.be nothing but... .不过就是...

3.from where i stand. 从我的立场来说

4.give oneself a chance to.给某人一个机会去...

5.i feel sure that...我坚信...

6.is the best way to make sure that.确保...的最好办法是...

7.we must do our absolute best to.我们必须竭尽全力做...

8.there is no denying the fect that...无可否认.

9.nothing is more+adj.+than to+v.没有比...更重要的了

Dear ______ ,

①I am ______(自我介绍). ②I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding ______(要询问的内容).

③First of all, what are ______(第一个问题)? ④Secondly, when will ______(第二个问题)? ⑤Thirdly, is ______(第三个问题)?

⑥I would also like to inquire ______(将最重要的问题单独成段). ⑦Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects?

⑧Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Chinese New Year

中国年

Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. Its because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival.

中国年马上就来了，我们全家人都沉浸在一片忙碌之中。这是因为中国的农历新年是非常的特殊与重要。我们必须为这个节日准备很多特殊的东西。

First, will make a big New Year meal.

首先，我们需要做很丰盛的一顿年夜饭！

Second, we will make “Good-luck wishes.”

其次，我们需要“祝愿来年幸运”。

Spring Festival is the most important, interesting festival in China.

Before the Spring Festival, everyone is very busy. They want the Spring Festival to be a new beginning, so everyone is busy cleaning the room. They keep the room tidy. This is the first thing to welcome the Spring Festival.

The elderly take children to buy snacks and fireworks. But parents just stay at home to make tasty meals for dinner. On the evening of New Year’s Eve, my parents and my sister have dinner with me. We have a good time. After dinner, Oh! Yeah! My father is ready to give us red pockets. Oh, how nice the red pockets are! My sister and I both all say, “Peace all year round to my parents! Now, give us red pockets.” My parents give us the red pockets at once with a smile on their faces.

What a wonderful time we have!

I think “Everything goes well” this year!

Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival, the Spring Festival fireworks, eat dumplings and wearing new clothes, can also receive red envelopes.

Every new year, when I was the most happy, because I can put the fireworks, I most like the fireworks is throwing gun, I threw it on the ground, it will explode, just like a hand grenade, can be fun, sometimes I will tell my friends to fight. Xiao network composition

On holidays, we should pay attention when eating, eat dumplings, we have a small small time to eat, because when we make dumplings, put a coin in one of the dumplings, if those who eat the coin, is equal to him this blessed

When Spring Festival comes, we will wear new clothes, for adults to pay New Years call said: "the red envelope, may you be happy and prosperous! " , so that we can get rich.

The Spring Festival is really fun, I really wanted to have the Spring Festival every day.

New Year Party

On New Years Eve，our class had a party。 The atmosphere was good。 It was out of the ordinary from the very begining。 The boy student from one bedroom gave an unusual performance。 We saw a boy named Li Xinmin turn off all the lights in a sudden snap。 Then with three resounding（响亮的） crow of a cock echoing in the hall，the hall was again brightly lit in a snap。

Then，the representative of the bedroom Zhu Guozhang asked us to guess a line of a poem related to the above situation。 He added that Li Xinmin alone was born in the year of the dog and the other three were all born in the year of the chicken。 They left us all in confusion。 And it was our monitor who was quickwitted（机智的）。 He shouted our， "The day breaks as the cock crows three times at dawn。" The hall After that，they had another item。 This time Li Xinmin was placed in the middle of the circle。 While he was standing there，the other three stood around him，each bowing down to him at an angle of 120 degrees。 It was an idiom。 This time I got it right："The dog stands out among a group of chickens。"

春节到了！春节到了！

春节是我们中国最传统的节日。过春节之前，人们都喜欢将自己屋子打扫得干干净净，并在门上贴起“福”字，再挂上一幅对联，准备好美味佳肴，以慰劳自己一年来的辛苦；每个大街小巷，都张灯结彩，到处是红灯笼，中国节，真是一片热闹的、喜气洋洋的景象。

从年初一开始，中国人就会看望长辈，拜访亲朋好友，并送出精美的礼物和美好的祝福，表示自己的一片心意。除了拜访亲朋好友，看望长辈，送礼物和祝福以外，中国人还有一个传统的习俗，就是长辈要给比自己小一辈的人的儿子或女儿给压岁钱，这个习俗到现在都没有改变，只是面值变化了一下而已，像现在有的是100元的，有的是500元的，有的是600元的，有的是1000元的……

一般到了大年初一爸爸妈妈就去长辈家拜年；过了初一这个日子还可以去亲朋好友家拜年，也可以出去旅游或呆在家里。当然除了拜年和拿压岁钱以外，小孩子们最喜欢的“新年项目”就是放鞭炮、放烟花了。每到过春节，爸爸就给我买很多鞭炮和烟花，放在两个大箱子里，准备在年三十和年初一（年三十的十二点正）放。随着时代的变化，虽然鞭炮没变，但是烟花却变得形状各异，放出来的烟花也一年比一年更美丽。每当我想起那段放烟花的过程，我就觉得我的胆子大了。我每次都是点燃了火心，就马上跑得老远老远，因为我怕被烟花给炸伤了。当然我从来都没有被炸到过。特别是年三十十二点整，是最壮观的时候了，那个场景真可以用火树银花来形容，各种各样烟花争奇斗艳，在空中飞得高高，而且一个比一个高，一个比一个响。在午夜的十二点，显得极为壮观，每到了此时，我就会异常兴奋，异常开心，整个人都沉浸在夜色中，毫无睡意。

可到了春节后，中国又恢复了平静。

我想趁新年还没过完，祝大家新年快乐，万事如意！

The Spring Festival is coming! The Spring Festival is coming!

The Spring Festival is our most traditional festival in China. The Spring Festival, people will love their own room clean, and posted on the door of "happiness", and then hang a ready meal, antithetical couplet, treat yourself to years of hard work; each is decorated, everywhere is the high streets and back lanes, red lanterns, Chinese knots, it is a lively scene, bursting with happiness.

From the beginning of the year, Chinese people will visit their elders, visit relatives and friends, and send beautiful gifts and good blessings to express their own heart. In addition to visit relatives and friends, visit their elders, gifts and blessings, Chinese there is a traditional custom, is the elders to give younger people than their son or daughter to gift money, this custom to now have not changed, just change the value just like now, some 100 yuan, some 500 yuan, some 600 yuan, or 1000 yuan......

Usually in the new years day, mom and dad go to the elders to pay New Years call. When they pass the first day, they can visit new friends or relatives, and they can also go out to travel or stay at home. Of course, in addition to the new year and the money, childrens favorite "New Years new year program" is to set off firecrackers and fireworks. Every Spring Festival, my father buys me a lot of firecrackers and fireworks, and put them in two big boxes, ready for the first thirty of the year (thirty twelve in the year). With the change of the time, although the firecrackers did not change, but the fireworks have become different shapes, and the fireworks are more beautiful than the year. Whenever I think of the process of the fireworks, I think my courage is big. Every time I lit my heart, I ran far away, because I was afraid of being hurt by the fireworks. Of course Ive never been bombed. Especially the thirty years time is twelve oclock, the most spectacular, the scene really can be used to describe all kinds of fireworks, fireworks contests, flying in the sky high, and a more than a high, a more than a ring. At twelve oclock at midnight, it looks very spectacular. Every time I get there, I will be very excited and happy. The whole person will be drowning in the night without sleep.

But after the Spring Festival, China has returned to peace.

I want to take advantage of the new year. I wish you a happy new year and all the best.

Long-awaited winter vacation life is about to start, in order to have a perfect and happy summer vacation, Ive set a plan for the winter vacation, for their content is as follows:

A teacher winter vacation homework, do every day 10 pages each, for within three days to complete winter vacation homework.

Second, is to do good, in advocate for propaganda.

Third, learn to play jump ball.

Four, learn to write c font, strive for to write beautiful calligraphy.

Five, a classmate party, eat delicious, go out to play one day, but in play at the same time to pay attention to safety.

Six, the national flag, learn personal character and social learning lays the foundation for the next semester.

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。