中国环境的现状英文介绍汇编20篇

民以食为天，在古代有哪些著名的厨师呢？下面小编带着大家一起来了解一下中国古代十大名厨吧！

伊尹：商朝辅国宰相，商汤一代名厨，有烹调之圣美称，伊尹汤液为人传颂千年而不衰。

易牙：又名狄牙，春秋时期名巫、著名厨师，精于煎、熬、燔、炙，又是调味专家，得宠于齐桓公。

太和公：为春秋末年吴国名厨，精通以水产为原料的菜肴，尤以炙鱼而闻名天下。

膳祖：为唐朝一代女名厨。段成式编的《酉阳杂俎》书中名食，均出自膳祖之手。

梵正：五代时尼姑、著名女厨师，以创制辋川小祥风景拼盘而驰名天下，将菜肴与造型艺术融为一体，使菜上有山水，盘中溢诗歌。

刘娘子：南宋高宗宫中女厨，历史上第一个宫廷女厨师，称为尚食刘娘子。

宋五嫂：南宋著名民间女厨师。高宗赵构乘龙舟游西湖，曾尝其鱼羹，赞美不已，于是名声大振，奉为脍鱼之师祖。

董小宛：明末清初秦淮名妓，善制菜蔬糕点，尤善桃膏、瓜膏、腌菜等闻名于江南。现在的扬州名点灌香董糖、卷酥董糖，均为她所创制。

萧美人：清朝著名女点心师，以善制馒头、糕点、饺子等点心而闻名，袁枚颇为推崇她，《随园食单》中盛赞其点心小巧可爱，洁白如雪。

王小余：清朝乾隆时期名厨，烹饪手艺高超，并有丰富的理论经验。袁枚的《随园食单》中，有许多方面得益于王小余的见解。

1.There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. the polluted air does great harm to people’s health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation had been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities.

To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to control air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.

In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.

2.We can’t live without water, but now the water was polluted. It is the biggest problem. It influences our daily life. So we should find a way to solve this problem. Water is important resources. In our daily life, we often leave the tap on after cleaning hands. Sometimes we often drop litter in the river. So the water was polluted by us. I think we could use a bottle of water two or three times. We have to turn off the tap after cleaning hands.

Let’s try to form a good habit and save things around us. Let’s do it from now on!

Fish can’t live without water. Plants can’t live without water. People can’t live without water, either. As you can see, the water is very important to us. But now drinking water is leand less. The water was polluted seriously.

So we would act quickly in order to save the water, But what must we do nowI think we can plant trees, clean the banks of the river, water the plants by using used water. Turn off the shower while we are washing hair. And we shouldn’t drop litter into the river and so on.

It’s our duty to try our best to protect and save water. And don’t forget that if we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be our tear

Water is very important to us. We can’t live without water. But the drinking water is leand less. Because we waste a lot of water in our daily life. And some of us often throw rubbish into the rivers. So the rivers are polluted seriously.

It’s our duty to save water, we must do something to save water. For example, we shouldn’t pour waste water into the rivers and we should pick up litter around us.

If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be our tear

This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Beijing Forbidden City is the head of the worlds top five palace. The Forbidden City was built begin in 1406 and it took 14 years to built it. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. North to south is 961 meters, and 753 meters from east to west. And the area of about 725,000 square meters. The Imperial Palace has 8704 rooms. In 1987 the Forbidden City was recognized a world cultural legacy. [这是故宫博物院，也被称为紫禁城。它是北京现在最大、保存最完好的宫殿。北京故宫是世界五大宫殿之首。紫禁城建于1906年，历时14年建造完成。第一个明朝统治者朱棣便住在这里。故宫南北长961米，东西宽753米，建地面积725,000平方米。宫殿共有8704个房间。在1987年紫禁城成为世界文化遗产。

Forbidden City building Classified as "outside in" and "inner court" two parts. 太和palace中和palace and保和palace are the center of the outside in, Where the emperor would hold meeting and exercise of power. 乾清palace、交泰palace、坤宁palace are center of Inner court . Feudal emperors and princess lived here.

故宫的建筑分为“外朝”与“内廷”两大部分. 外朝以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会和行使权力的地方。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture. Dragon, lion and other animals are a symbol of good fortune and dignity. The pine trees and cypress saipris trees and the pavilions make people feel beautiful and quiet.

红色和黄色作为宫殿墙壁主色调是一种象征。红色代表快乐、好运气、和财

富。黄色是中国人的起源地黄土高原大地的颜色。在唐朝黄色成为了代表帝王的颜色，仅有少数人可以穿它，并且也将黄色用于建筑。龙凤、狮子等动物象征这吉祥和威严。这些松树，柏树，还有小亭子给人以幽美恬静的感觉。

The Forbidden City had three large-scale maintenance. The first time was in 1949 when New China has founded. This maintenance fundamentally changed the old society, and show a magnificent scale.

The second time is in 1973, people has protected the palace professional.

The third time is since 2002, continued in 2020, the palace is re-repiring, and "Open areas" will increase from the current 30% to 70%.

紫禁城总共进行了三次大规模的维修。第一次是在1949年新中国成立的时候。这次维修从根本上改变了宫殿的旧社会形态，展现了宏伟壮观的规模。 第二次是在1973年，人们对它进行了更多专业的保护。

第三次从2002年将一直持续到2020年。将使宫殿的开放区从30%增加到70%。

There are four entrances into the city. The Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, the Donghua to the east, and the Xihua Gate to the west.

故宫有四个大门，南门为午门，北门为神武门，东门为东华门，西门为西华门。

午门：the shape of the gate is the most high-level form. Wumen gate where the emperor ordered the expedition, and few people can walk through this gate.

午门的形状是最高级别的形式。午门是皇帝下令出征的地方，仅有很少一部分人可以通过这个门。

神武门：Shenwumen is a daily access gate. Now this gate is the main entrance. 神武门是日常出入的门。现在是故宫的正门。

Inside the 太和gate, there are太和palace、中和palace、and保和palace. These three palace are the maintain architecture of the palace museum. Their height of different shapes, and different roof forms, these seem rich and diverse.

位于太和门内, 是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，这是故宫的三大主要建筑，它们高矮造型不同，屋顶形式也不同，显得丰富多样。

太和殿：This is the most grandeur. And this temple area is the largest one of various in Forbidden City. This temple is the place where the emperor held a major ceremony, like the emperor ascended the throne, birthdays, weddings, New Years Day.

太和殿是最富丽堂皇的建筑，建地面积是紫禁城中宫殿最大的。太和殿是皇帝举行重大典礼的地方，比如：皇帝即位、生日、婚礼、元旦等。

中和殿：zhonghedian is located the back of the taihe temple. Where the emperor to take a break before the ceremony and do a pre-exercise。

中和殿在太和殿的后面，是皇帝去太和殿举行大典前稍事休息和演习礼仪的地方。

保和殿：Baohe temple is a place where the annual New Years Eve kings and emperors entertain the other kings and is also the place where examinations held and successful candidates.

保和殿是每年除夕皇帝赐宴的场所。保和殿也是科举考试举行殿试的地

方。

御花园：There are many pine trees and cypress trees, besides some other precious trees, some rockery, and pavilions. The 万春 pavilion and 千秋pavilion are the preservation of the most beautiful and ancient-style.

御花园里面栽种了很多松柏，和一些珍贵的树种，还有一些假山和小亭子。其中万春亭和千秋亭是目前保存的古亭中最为华丽的。

乾清宫：Palace of Heavenly Purity in the Forbidden City in top court. T here is a throne in the middle of the temple. There are "aboveboard" plaque, two sides of the this court are the places where emperor reading and sleeping. The south of the court is a room that the son of emperor can reading and studying.

乾清宫在在故宫内庭最前面，殿的正中有宝座，内有“正大光明”匾。乾清宫的两头是皇帝读书、就寝之地。厅的南面是皇子读书学习的地方。

坤宁宫：kunning gong in the last surface of the Forbidden City in chambers. Kunning Gong is the Queens chambers in the Ming Dynasty. And then it turns to be a ritual place. 坤宁宫坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”最后面，坤宁宫是明朝皇后寝宫，清代改为祭神场所。

交泰殿：This temple in the Palace of Heavenly Purity and between Kunning Gong. The temple is the Queens Birthday Celebration birthday activities.

交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间该殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。

东西六宫：There are 6 temples in the east and west. Ming and Qing imperial concubines used to live.

东西六宫是明清时期嫔妃居住的地方。

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) . The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ―an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters. A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9. 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province. Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

dear personnel officers:

i am wumei, a junior in sichuan teacher university. i major in english and minor in japanese. i am writing to inquire the position you offered in the advertisement. here are my qualifications that prompt me to make application now.

as an english major, i have obtained skillful english writing ability and rich experience in dealing with the work requires knowledge about english background.

my interest in computer also has prompted me to forward my resume for your review. at present, i am working for the web site of shop.renren.com and in charge of the bbs program.

i am confident that i will make a successful addition to your program.

i am available if you dial the number: 13011819794.

yours sincerely,

wumei

大家好，我是秦兵马俑展览的导游，大家可以叫我“小超”，今天我将带领大家探索秦兵马俑的奥秘，解读它们背后的故事。

我们现在看到的就是秦兵马俑了，它位于陕西省西安市临潼城东，俑坑长320米，宽128米，大约有50个篮球场那么大，关于它的发掘，还有一个非常有趣的小故事呢!有一天，两个农夫在一块山坡上挖坑，挖着挖着，铁锹好像碰到了什么东西，挖出来一看，是一块小小的瓷片和一个陶做的人头，于是他们立刻就向文物部门做了汇报。考古专家经过多年的发掘、讨论后认定，这就是秦始皇陵墓的兵马俑!

秦始皇是秦国的开国君主，也是我国第一个皇帝，他统一了六国，建立了大一统王朝，在历史上占据着重要的地位。他的兵马俑规模宏大，被称为“世界第八大奇迹”。秦兵马俑不仅规模宏大，而且种类繁多，个性鲜明。

大家请看，这位身穿铠甲，头戴长冠、双手抱起的是什么俑呢?没错，就是将军俑!看他那风度，一看就是所向披靡、身负重任的大将军!

这位身穿铠甲、跪在地上、双手呈拉弓状的是什么俑?您说是步兵俑?错了，这是大名鼎鼎的跪射俑!大家再看看其他的兵马俑，有的露出微笑，好像打了胜仗胜利归来似的;有的人神态自若，非常平静;有的人眉毛上扬，一副怒气冲冲的样子，好像正在罚站军姿!轻轻地靠近他们一下，好像还能感觉到他们的呼吸声呢。怪不得秦兵马俑被称为中国文化遗产之一!

我今天的讲解就到这里，希望您能在秦兵马俑学到更多的知识，对我国的光辉历史有更多的了解!

Hello! Im from the economics department. I am cheerful and lively personality, love making friends widely, usually also very love to participate in various activities, so it has a good interpersonal relationship.

In addition, I thought active, often have good ideas, I especially want to join the Youth Volunteer Association, and we can work together, create more rich and colorful activities, and through these activities to improve their real purpose. Others, radiation Youth Volunteer Association for me is a filled with love and passion of the family, from here, everyone can get enjoyment in helping others.

I yearn for the fun, also believe they have the ability to create the fun. A sense of responsibility to the people, not afraid of tired, serious and responsible work properly and logically arranged. Because I have a heart of love, I was our local volunteers often participate in various volunteer activities, have rich working experience.

So, I think if I have the ability to this club. Maybe I am not the best, but I will be one of the most responsible, perhaps I am not the most intelligent, but I would be a hard one. If I can have the honor to join, I will be adhering to the "dedication service for the students" the purpose, innovation, forge ahead, and actively and effectively to carry out the work. Hope to be able to give me this opportunity to engage in volunteer service, I very want to take my enthusiasm to join the Youth Volunteer Association of collective solidarity!! let me use the "dedication light youth" thank you!!

[社团招新英文自我介绍

Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the country, while others prefer living in the city. In my opinion, I prefer the city life, though it has advantages and disadvantages.

First of all, city life is very colorful. City is the center of the surrounding area. So, it is also the most booming place having the best things. There are many great things and wonderful activities in the city, while there isn’t in the country. For example, there are KFC, wonderful shopping mall, delicious food from various places, dancing club, different kinds of activities and so on. We can also learn the culture from all the countries. Despite city life is so wonderful, it still has many disadvantages. Nowadays, with the improvement of people’s living standard, people have more cars and more people come to city, and then the city becomes more and more crowd. As a result, traffic jam emerges, which makes great inconvenience for people to go out. What’s worse, the air pollution becomes serious day by day, which is bad for people’s health.

To sum up, every coin has two sides. Living in the city also has good side and bad aspect. Whether like living in city or not depends on individual thinking. As myself, I like living in city though I know the disadvantage of living in city.

除夕是指每年农历腊月的最后一天的晚上，它与春节(正月初一)首尾相连。“除夕”中的“除”字是“去;易;交替”的意思，除夕的意思是“月穷岁尽”，人们都要除旧部新，有旧岁至此而除，来年另换新岁的意思，是农历全年最后的一个晚上。故此期间的活动都围绕着除旧部新，消灾祈福为中心。

除夕的起源可追溯至先秦时期的逐除。据《吕氏春秋·季冬记》记载，古人在新年的前一天用击鼓的方法来驱逐“疫疬之鬼”，这就是“除夕”节令的由来。据称，最早提及“除夕”这一名称的，是西晋周处撰著的《风土记》 春节等史籍。

吃年夜饭

孩子们在玩耍放爆竹的时候，也正是主妇们在厨房里最忙碌的时刻，年菜都在前几天做好了，而年夜饭总要在年三十当天掌厨做出来。在北方，大年初一的饺子也要在三十晚上包出来。这时家家的砧板都在噔噔噔地忙着剁肉、切菜。此时，家家户户传出的砧板声，大街小巷传出的爆竹声，小店铺子传出的“劈劈啪啪”的算盘声和抑扬顿挫的报帐声，再夹杂着处处的说笑声，此起彼伏，洋洋盈耳，交织成除夕欢快的乐章。

吃年夜饭，是春节家家户户最热闹愉快的时候。大年夜.丰盛的年菜摆满一桌，阖家团聚，围坐桌旁，共吃团圆饭，心头的充实感真是难以言喻。人们既是享受满桌的佳肴盛馔，也是享受那份快乐的气氛，桌上有大菜、冷盆、热炒、点心，一般少不了两样东西，一是火锅.一是鱼。火锅沸煮，热气腾腾，温馨撩人，说明红红火火;“鱼”和“余”谐音，是象征“吉庆有余”，也喻示“年年有余”。还有萝卜俗称菜头，祝愿有好彩头;龙虾、爆鱼等煎炸食物，预祝家运兴旺如“烈火烹油”。最后多为一道甜食，祝福往后的日子甜甜蜜蜜，这天，即使不会喝酒的，也多少喝一点。

年夜饭的名堂很多，南北各地不同，有饺子、馄饨、长面、元宵等，而且各有讲究。北方人过年习惯吃饺子，是取新旧交替“更岁交子”的意思。又因为白面饺子形状像银元宝，一盆盆端上桌象征着“新年大发财，元宝滚进来”之意。有的包饺子时，还把几枚沸水消毒后的硬币包进去，说是谁先吃着了，就能多挣钱。吃饺子的习俗，是从汉朝传下来的。相传，医圣张仲景在寒冬腊月，看到穷人的耳朵被冻烂了，便制作了一种“祛寒娇耳汤”给穷人治冻伤。他用羊肉、辣椒和一些祛寒温热的药材，用面皮包成耳朵样子的“娇耳”，下锅煮熟，分给穷人吃，人们吃后，觉得浑身变暖，两耳发热。以后，人们仿效着做，一直流传到今天。新年吃馄饨，是取其开初之意。传说世界生成以前是混沌状态，盘古开天辟地，才有了宇宙四方，长面，也叫长寿面。新年吃面，是预祝寿长百年。

给压岁钱

压岁钱是由长辈发给晚辈的，有的家里是吃完年夜饭后，人人坐在桌旁不许走，等大家都吃完了，由长辈发给晚辈，并勉励儿孙在在新的一年里学习长进，好好做人。有的人家是父母在夜晚待子女睡熟后，放在他们的枕头下，更多的人家是小孩子们齐集正厅，高呼爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈新年快乐，列队跪拜;而后伸手要红包。甚而追讨到爷爷妈妈的卧房，一齐跑到床沿，大嚷特嚷：“压岁钱，压岁钱!”老人家还嫌不够热闹，故作小气，由讨价还价到围攻摸索，最后把老祖宗的红包挖掘出来，大家抢掠一空，才呼啸而散。老人家逢此情景却乐不可支，认为这是新年事事顺利的好兆头。过年给压岁钱，体现出长辈对晚辈的关爱，和晚辈对长辈的尊敬，是一项整合家庭伦理关系的民俗活动。

有童谣云：

三星在南，家家拜年;

小辈儿的磕头，老辈儿的给钱。

要钱没有，扭脸儿就走。

接神

接神是为新旧年分野，但接神时间亦不太统一。有的子时一到就开始举行仪式，有的到"子正"之时，即午夜零点开始接神，有的则在"子正"之后方接。祭灶后，诸神都回天宫，不理人间俗事，到除夕子时后，即新一年来临时，又降临人间理事。接神的仪式在天地桌前举行，由全家中的最长者主持。因为诸神所居的天界方位不同，下界时来的方向自然也不同，至于接何神，神从何方来，要预先查好"宪书"，然后带领全家举香在院中按方位接神。如辛未年的"宪书"上指示："财神正东、福神正南、贵神东北、喜神西南、太岁神西南等"。按方位叩首礼毕后，肃立待香尽，再叩首，最后将香根、神像、元宝锭等取下，放入早已在院中备好的钱粮盆内焚烧。焚烧时同燃松枝、芝麻秸等。接神时鞭炮齐鸣，气氛极浓烈。

踩祟

接神后，将芝麻秸从街门内铺到屋门，人在上面行走，噼叭作声，称为"踩岁"，亦叫"踩祟"。由于“碎”与“祟”同音，取新春开始驱除邪祟的意思。

祭祖

古时，这种礼俗很盛。因各地礼俗的不同，祭祖形式也各异，有的到野外瞻拜祖墓，有的到宗祠拜祖，而大多在家中将祖先牌位依次摆在正厅，陈列供品，然后祭拜者按长幼的顺序上香跪拜。汉人祭祖，多半做鱼肉碗菜，盛以高碗，颇有钟鸣鼎食之意。南方人流寓北京的，祭祖尤为隆重，大半是八碗大菜，中设火锅，按灵位设杯箸，在除夕、元旦、元夜，都将火锅扇开，随时换菜。旗族人祭祖，满蒙不同，蒙古旗人供以黄油炒黄米面，撤供时炸以香油，蘸以白糖，另有风味。满洲旗人祭祖，供核桃酥、芙蓉糕、苹果、素蜡檀香，静肃异常。除夕夜和元旦供素煮饽饽，上元夜供元宵，每日早晚焚香叩头，献供新茶。祭祖形式虽各不同，大半都是除夕夜悬影，上元夜撤供，亲朋之至近的，拜年时也必须叩谒祖先堂，不独慎终追远至意不泯，因其人敬其祖的美德，也借此保存了。

送财神

旧时，从春节子夜开财门起，就有送财神的，手拿着一张纸印的财神在门外嚷着：“送财神爷的来啦!”这时屋里的主人，为了表示欢迎财神，便拿赏钱给来人，送财神的口中，当然总免不了要说些吉利话。例如：“金银财宝滚进来”啦!“左边有对金狮子，右边有对金凤凰”啦!等等之类的口彩。另外还有一种就是装扮成财神爷的模样，身穿红袍，头戴纱帽，嘴上挂着假胡子，身上背着一个收钱的黄布袋，后面跟着几个敲锣打鼓的，挨家挨户地去散发财神爷像，以便讨赏钱。每到人家门口，就唱起：“左厢堆满金银库，右边财宝满屋堆。”一大堆讨吉利的话，不绝于口，直到主人欢喜地接过那张红纸财神爷像，给他们些钱，扮财神的这些人，连声道谢之后，就起劲地敲打一阵，在咚咚锵锵的锣鼓声中，转到别家去了。

饮屠苏酒

屠苏酒是一种药酒。在古代习俗中，元日全家饮屠苏酒，以祛不正之气。制作屠苏酒的方法是：用大黄一钱，桔梗，川椒各一钱五分，桂心一钱八分，茱萸一钱二分，防风一两，以绛囊盛之悬于井中，至元日寅时取起，以酒煎四五沸。古时饮屠苏酒，方法很别致。一般人饮酒，总是从年长者饮起;但是饮屠苏酒却正好相反，是从最年少的饮起。大概年少者一天天长大，先饮酒以示祝贺，而年长者过一年少一年，后饮以示挽留。宋朝文学家苏辙的《除日》诗道：“年年最后饮屠苏，不觉年来七十余。”说的就是这种风俗。这种别开生面的饮酒次序，在古代每每令人产生种种感慨，所以给人留有深刻的印象。

隔年饭

在北方，有的人家还要供一盆饭，年前烧好，要供过年，叫作“隔年饭”，是年年有剩饭，一年到头吃不完，今年还吃昔年粮的意思。这盆隔年饭一般用大米和小米混合起来煮，北京俗话叫“二米子饭”，是为了有黄有白，这叫作“有金有银，金银满盆”的“金银饭”。不少地方在守岁时所备的糕点瓜果， 都是想讨个吉利的口彩：吃枣(春来早)，吃柿饼(事事如意)吃杏仁(幸福人)，吃长生果(长生不老)，吃年糕(一年比一年高)。除夕之夜，一家老小，边吃边乐，谈笑畅叙。

贴春联

春联亦名“门对”、“春帖”，是对联的一种，因在春节时张贴，故名。春联的一个源头是桃符。最初人们以桃木刻人形挂在门旁以避邪，后来画门神像于桃木上，再简化为在桃木板上题写门神名字。春联的另一来源是春贴。古人在立春日多贴“宜春”二字，后渐发展为春联。春联真正普及始于明代，与朱元璋的提倡有关。据清人陈尚古的《簪云楼杂说》中记载，有一年朱元璋准备过年时，下令每家门上都要贴一幅春联，以示庆贺。原来春联题写在桃木板上，后来改写在纸上。桃木的颜色是红的，红色有吉祥，避邪的意思，因此春联大都用红纸书写。但庙宇用黄纸，守制(服孝未满)用白、绿、黄三色，第一年用白纸，第二年绿纸，第三年黄纸，第四年丧服满才恢复用红纸。因满族尚白，清宫廷春联用白纸，蓝边包于外，红条镶于内。

贴福字、贴窗花、贴年画、贴挂千

这些都具有祈福、装点居所的民俗功能。年画是我国的一种古老的民间艺术，他反映了人民大众的风俗和信仰，寄托着人们对未来的希望。年画，也和春联一样，起源于“门神”。春联由神荼、郁垒的名字而向文字发展，而年画依然沿着绘画方向发展。随着木板印刷术的兴起，年画的内容已不仅限于门神之类，而渐渐把财神请到家里，进而在一些年画作坊中产生了《福禄寿三星图》、《天官赐福》、《五谷丰登》、《六畜兴旺》、《迎春接福》等彩色年画、以满足人们喜庆祈年的美好愿望。因明太祖朱元璋提倡春节贴春联，年画也受其影响随之而盛行开来，全国出现了年画三个重要产地：苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青和山东潍坊;形成了我国年画的三大流派。民国初年，上海郑曼陀将月历和年画二者结合起来。这是年画的一种新形式。这种合二而一的年画，以后发展成挂历。挂千，就是用吉祥语镌于红纸之上，长尺有咫，粘之门前，与桃符相辉映。其上有八仙人物的，为佛前所挂。挂千民户多用它，世家大族用它的较少。其黄纸长三寸，红纸长寸余，是“小挂千”，为市肆所用。最早的挂千当是以制钱(铜钱)串挂的，与压岁钱一样，有压胜的作用。

置天地桌

这是一个临时性的供桌，是除夕专设之桌。一般无大佛堂之家特别重视天地桌，因为平时对佛供献较少，到年终岁尽时对神佛大酬劳一次，此外，这桌主要是为接神使用。天地桌的内容与常年佛堂有所不同，除共有的挂钱、香烛、五供、大供之外，其受祀的偶像也大都是临时性的，如："百分"，它是一本木刻版的神像画册;"天地三界十八佛诸神"，是一张用大幅黄毛边纸木刻水彩印的全神码;福禄寿三星画像等。以上诸像有的接神后即焚化，如"百分"。有的则须到破五、甚至到灯节才焚烧。摆天地桌的位置也不统一，如堂屋地方宽大，可置于屋中，如屋内无地，就置于院中。传说此夜为天上诸神下界之时，所以民间有此接神习俗。

守岁

我国民间在除夕有守岁的习惯，俗名“熬年”。守岁从吃年夜饭开始，这顿年夜饭要慢慢地吃，从掌灯时分入席，有的人家一直要吃到深夜。根据宗懔《荆楚岁时记》的记载，至少在南北朝时已有吃年夜饭的习俗。 守岁的习俗，既有对如水逝去的岁月含惜别留恋之情，又有对来临的新年寄以美好希望之意。

各地的除夕风俗大致相同，但有些地方的风俗很有特点，如苏州、北京、台湾等。

苏州的除夕守岁时，都要等待从枫桥寒山寺传来的洪亮钟声。当钟声穿过沉沉夜色，传到千家万户时，就标志着新春的来临。无论春夏秋冬，每日半夜正交子时，寒山寺中就会传出这口巨钟的洪响，民间称为“分夜钟”。这口钟，已成为苏州城乡方圆数十里人民生活的时间信息。现在，每年除夕，苏州寒山寺仍遵循万古不变的古老习俗，击钟以分岁。姑苏城乡，到了守岁的最后一刻，会从广播中传出宏亮的寒山寺钟声，报导一年的开始。千家万户，听到钟声，爆竹齐鸣，使古老的寒山寺钟声成为了一种时代的象征。

北京的除夕这一天更是忙碌，祭祖、接神、接灶。祭神拜祖的仪式一开始，整个北京城便淹没在一片震耳欲聋的爆竹声中。人们还在自己家院子里，铺上芝麻秸，全家人都去踩，叫"踩岁"，取长命百岁的意义。除夕通宵灯火齐明，人们辞岁守岁。当新年的钟声敲响时，各家的饺子也下锅了，人们尽情的娱乐。

除夕在台湾不叫除夕，而叫“过年日”。午后，在厅堂神龛前上供牲体。到了晚上，合家焚香叩拜，然后对长者辞岁。接着是“围炉”，也就是丰盛的年夜饭，一家人围坐一桌，桌上摆满菜肴，桌下放置火盆。“围炉”为除夕带来高潮，远在他乡的游子，除非万不得已，再远再忙也要赶回家团圆。年夜饭后，便高燃蜡炬来守岁，儿媳妇为长辈们添富寿，不能早睡，坐得越久，长辈得富寿越长，这是表示孝心。

Good morning， everyone! I am glad to be here for this interview. First， let me introduce myself to you. My name is Li Ming. I was born on April 23， 1981. I am a local person. I am graduating from University this June. I major in Chinese literature. I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in Peking University which I have desired for a long time. I have the confidence because I have such ability! I am a girl who is fervent(热情的)， outgoing and creative. At the same time， I think I am quick in mind and careful in everything. I am looking forward to my postgraduate studies and life. I will soon prove that your decision of choosing me is the wisest. Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity!

I have never been to Shenzhen before. Many times, I dream of visiting Shenzhen because Shenzhen is a very modern,busy and beautiful city. and today, my dream has come true.

I am walking around the city center of Shenzhen and there are so many tall buildings on the sides of the streets. the streets are very big,straight and clean.I can see the buses,taxis,trains and cars on the road. people can choose their favourite way to go to work or travel. because there are a lot of department stores and supermarkets in Shenzhen,people can go shopping any where they wanted.

At night,Shenzhen becomes even more beatiful and colourful with all kinds of light. by walking on the street, you cant really tell where it is. it may be HongKong,Shanghai.

There are many scenery spots in Shenzhen.such as Folk Culture Village, Happy Valley, window of the world. but my favourite place is the window of the world.because i neednt go abroad but i can see the most of famous places in the world.

Shenzhen is an amazing city and i enjoy my visiting there so much.

Leaders, Members:Hello, everybody ~! (Bows)My name is XXX, from Hunan XX, I am cheerful, honest, easy to get along with others; likes playing basketball, climbing and running.

I am very pleased and honored to join the "XX" to the family, where not only provided me with a growth exercise, showing a good platform for self, but also for giving me the chance to meet more new colleagues, new friends. - To take this, I am very grateful to all the leaders, thank you all so give me a good opportunity. (Bow)

I first arrived, there are many aspects of the knowledge I need to learn, but also hope in future we can work great weekend!

I believe that through our mutual understanding and mutual understanding, we will not only become a career go hand in hand with the struggle of his comrades, life will be like-minded, woe friend.

Finally, I would like and we can work together for our common cause and work hard!

Thanks everyone! (Bow)

[职场新人英文自我介绍

我们学校要求做工艺品，我们班的特色是“纸盘画”，就是在盘子上画画，可难哩!

最初，盘子是不画的，中间是一首中的诗意，然后就写上诗;然后，老师提倡：中间依然画诗意和写诗，边沿画一些图案，会更美观。有一少部分同学画了，但是有一大部分同学仍旧没画;现在，老师说：“同学们，现在我们改一改，改为边沿画一些精美的图案，中间不画，只写诗。”“哇!这么难!”有同学说道。我说：“为什么?”“你没有听吗?”“有呀，这么啦?”“老师说要画精美的图案呀，精美的图案画在边沿，边沿又小，图案要精美，实在很难呀!”他说很难，我画起来却很好画，很好看，并不像他说的这样难。我明白了只要认真，再难的事都可以办好。

Dalian is located at the southern tip of Northeast China, bounded by the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea to the west, south and Shandong Peninsula across the sea, connected to the north and northeast of the mainland is a peninsula surrounded on three sides by the sea city.

China has three Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, Leizhou Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula. Liaodong Peninsula is referred to here. Because it is a peninsula city, it has the characteristics of the marine climate. She no winter cold, summer without heat. Especially in the summer, Dalian has become a desirable summer resort.

June 5, 2001 granted the United Nations only in Dalian in China, Asia, the second "World Environment 500" city. Jiang said that Dalian is "Northern Pearl", the State Secretary for Tourism to Dalian positioning "romantic."

Beautiful waterfront

If you plane to the plane arrived in Dalian, even when the birds eye view over the city of Dalian in the south with the sea between the sorrowful elegant Weigela is a long coastal road is a great viewing Ben Thanh line is not even the tourists will not come to the place even if only a day trip.

在第20个“世界无烟日”到来前夕，中国卫生部29日发布《2007年中国控制吸烟报告》，向公众详细阐释吸烟与被动吸烟的危害及应对措施。这是中国发布的首份控烟报告，宣示了中国保护公民健康的郑重承诺及履行《烟草控制框架公约》的坚定决心。报告说，中国吸烟人数已达3。5亿，每年死于与吸烟有关疾病的人数近100万。据此推算，中国遭受被动吸烟危害的人数达5。4亿，每年死于被动吸烟的人数超过10万。

吸烟和被动吸烟的危害不仅局限于疾病负担，其带来的经济成本涉及个人、企业，乃至整个社会，其中主要包括直接和间接的医疗成本，以及生产力损失。此外，允许吸烟的工作场所维护和清洁成本也会更高，火灾危险更大，并且需要支付的保险金也可能更多。然而调查发现，只有35%的受访者知晓被动吸烟的健康危害，但是也存在许多误区，比如很多人相信，“只要使用通风设施，在室内吸烟对其他人没有太大影响”。“每一个过早终结的生命就是一条拒绝吸烟和被动吸烟的重要理由，”中国卫生部副部长王陇德说，“庞大的吸烟和被动吸烟人群说明中国离公约的要求还有相当大的距离。”2005年，中国正式批准《烟草控制框架公约》;2006年，公约在中国生效。公约指出，各缔约方承认，科学已明确证实接触烟草烟雾会造成死亡、疾病和功能丧失。为切实履行公约，2007年3月，卫生部成立了履行公约领导小组;5月29日，卫生部依托中国疾病预防控制中心设立的履行公约领导小组办公室正式揭牌，并发布《2007年中国控制吸烟报告》。

中国疾病预防控制中心副主任、履行公约领导小组办公室副主任杨功焕介绍说，这份报告针对中国人群对被动吸烟的危害认识缺乏的事实，列举了被动吸烟对健康危害的科学证据，分析了被动吸烟的主要影响因素、公众对公共场所禁止吸烟的态度以及立法现状，并在此基础上提出了应对策略。“

希望报告能促进各级政府立法或制定相关规定，防止公众在室内工作场所、公共交通工具及室内公共场所遭受被动吸烟的危害。”杨功焕说。

王陇德说，为提高履行公约的能力，中国在2006年及2007年在中央补助地方项目中设立控烟专项经费，在全国31个省区市开展履约工作培训，并已建立48个城乡社区控烟干预综合试点。

同时，卫生部正在修订《公共场所卫生管理条例》，新的条例将强化公共场所禁止吸烟的规定。

卫生部还呼吁各奥运举办城市尽快出台“无烟奥运”行动计划，并切实贯彻落实，把“无烟奥运”纳入“绿色奥运”。

世界卫生组织驻华代表处高级项目管理官员司徒农博士说，这一承诺向世界发出一个强有力的信号，中国政府已经做好准备向烟草“开战”。

我的家乡景色优美，物产丰富，可是有点美中不足就是部分环境遭到破坏。

一个周末，我去二糖厂打乒乓球，刚到那里，一股异味扑鼻而来！瞧，二糖厂正排出滚滚浓烟，公路上货车排放的大量尾气，甚至路旁还有马屎、牛粪之类堆积在一起，行人都捂着鼻子，连路边的草也是黄黄的。我再往山上走，渐渐异味没有了，还飘来一股清香，树上的小鸟在枝头上叽叽喳喳地叫个不停，小溪清澈见底，树木郁郁葱葱，不远处还有一所职业学校，同学们正在给树浇水呢！

在同一个城市，为什么差别就如此之大呢？原来，二糖厂厂区的水、空气受到了严重的污染，而相反，山上的树没有受到污染，而是得到了人们的精心呵护，所以山上的树木长得郁郁葱葱。

在保护环境方面，我们虽然做不了大事，但可以从身边的小事做起，比如，不要乱扔垃圾，多植树木，看到有人乱扔垃圾要主动提醒，多坐公交车，少坐私家车……。

同学们，为了使我们的家乡天更蓝，水更清，花更香，草更绿，让我们一起共同努力，来保护家乡的环境吧！

“不到长城非好汉，到了长城腿打颤。”长城一定又高又大吧，一个暑假，我们一家人到北京八达岭长城游览。

我们漫步在长城上。长城是古代重要的军事防御工程，城墙一边高一低，高的一边是防御敌人的，低的这边朝着自己国家，低的这边不修高，我想一是节约材料，二是不用自己人防自己人吧。

继续往上走，一座烽火台屹立在眼前，并没有因久经风雨而损坏。看见烽火台，我仿佛就看见了古时候的士兵，精神抖擞地立在长城上，要报效国家。烽火台里面是清凉的，就算是挤满了人也一样。可外面骄阳似火、暑气逼人，也不知道是为什么。

越往上走，每一步台阶也越高，有的到了膝盖。道路也还是挺宽，大概能过四五匹马了。汗水也是如瀑布般流着，这下“大自然牌空调”就起到了巨大的作用。在城墙高的一边，有很多方形的洞，把头探出去，一股凉爽的风迎面而来，像空调一样舒适。这样给自己降温，盛过吃冰棍解暑。

吹完风往前走，不一会儿就来到了好汉坡，哈哈，我以后是好汉了，不过我并没有腿打颤嘛。往下鸟瞰，在绵连不断不断的青山上，连接天边的万里长城弯弯曲曲，像一只巨龙，蜿蜒盘旋，环绕在青山之上，前不见头，后不见尾，壮观极了。

看着眼前宏伟的景象，自然而然就想起了修建长城的人们，我开始脑补各种画面。长城不只是城墙，还同大量的城障、亭标等相结合，结构十分复杂。可当时的人们没有火车、吊车等大型工具，他们是如何修建的呢?他们靠着一双双手，一双双肩，把一块块石头垒起来，修建的人们有很多都死在了那里，但他们修建的长城从未倒塌。

长城是中国军事与文化上的奇迹;是一条巨龙;是中国人民血汗与智慧的结晶，让人无法忘怀。

我喜欢元宵节、重阳节和端午节，但我最喜欢的还是春节。因为春节可以贴对联，放烟花，吃团圆饭……

在我很小的时候，爷爷告诉我一个传说：“在很久很久以前，山上住着一只凶猛的野兽，也叫年兽，每当过了一年，他就会下山吃一个人。一天，有一个老头来到了这个村子，他戴着一条红色的围巾，围巾上写了一些字。年兽看到了，正想往后退，而他又拿起一根竹子放在火上烧。年兽看了，立马就逃走了。”从此，每到过年，人们就有了放炮的习俗，正是为了驱赶年兽。

一到春节，我也喜欢放炮。我还记得在去年春节的大年三十晚上，我们家开始放烟花爆竹了。当我看着烟花被点上火后，像一条白龙迅速地往夜空飞去，然后在夜空绽放开自己的美，我就兴奋。我连着放了五六个烟花，它们争先恐后地飞上了天，像在比赛一样，个个都想第一个冲上天。过了一会儿，它们相继绽放，有的像一只天狗，有的像五颜六色的花朵，还有的像一颗爱心……真是千奇百态，美丽无比。此时的天空，就像一幅绚丽多彩的图画。

在春节，我们除了可以放烟花爆竹，还可以吃团圆饭。每当吃团圆饭时，饭桌上总会摆满了各种美味的菜肴，比如：虾、鸡、鱼、鸭等。我们是在一楼吃团圆饭的，在二楼都能闻到饭菜的香味呢。

这就是我爱的春节。

20年前，在奥地利留学的潘建伟告诉导师，他的梦想是在中国建一个世界一流的量子物理实验室。2016年8月16日，中国自主研制的世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”成功发射，它在世界上首次实现卫星和地面间的量子通信，该项目首席科学家正是潘建伟。

潘建伟颁奖词：嗅每一片落叶的味道，对世界保持着孩童般的好奇。只是和科学纠缠，保持与名利的距离。站在世界的最前排，和宇宙对话，以先贤的名义，做前无古人的事业。

潘建伟事迹介绍：潘建伟，46岁，物理学家，中科院院士。2016年8月16日，由我国科学家自主研制的世界首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射，它将在世界上首次实现卫星和地面之间的量子通信。这将是跨度最大、史上最安全的通信网络。这个项目的首席科学家正是潘建伟。

潘建伟长期从事量子光学、量子信息和量子力学基础问题检验等方面的研究，对量子通信等研究有创新性贡献，是该领域的国际著名学者，潘建伟有关实现量子隐形传态的研究成果入选美国《科学》杂志“年度十大科技进展”，并同伦琴发现X射线、爱因斯坦建立相对论等影响世界的重大研究成果一起被《自然》杂志选为“百年物理学21篇经典论文”。其研究成果曾6次入选两院院士评选的“中国年度十大科技进展新闻”、5次入选欧洲物理学会评选的“年度物理学重大进展”、4次入选美国物理学会评选的“年度物理学重大事件”。

Good morning, my dear professors!It is my great honor to take this interview. Thank you very much for giving me the chance!My name is Yan li，I come from Liao ning Province , I am 23 years old. I am an undergraduate of Shandong University at Qingdao .My major is Mechanical design manufacturing and automation. The beautiful campus sceneries provide me an excellent study environment. After about three years’ hard work, I have learned most of the courses of my specialty and also do well in them.During the past 3 years in the university, as an undergraduate student, I have been working diligently at my specialty. I have built up a solid foundation for professional knowledge and comprehensively improved my quality. I got a lot of scholarships, once I feel I fall behind others, I will find the reason as soon as possible and try my utmost to catch up with them. And just owning to this, I could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end. I am confident that my solid education background will lay me a foundation to fulfill my bachelor degree courses!

In my spare time, I like to read books, listen to Pop music, watch movies and doing sports. In all sports , volleyball is my favorite. They keep me in good health, full of energy and breed optimism towards life. Besides, I really enjoy watching English films. It can not only kill time, but also excise my listening skills. I know my English is not good enough, and I will continue to study.

I have learnt a lot from it not only how to do research , but also team sprit and how to communication with others .So I love my major. I am long for doing research in this field. However, I think further study is urgent for me to realize my dream. I think the postgraduate study can enrich my knowledge and make the competence in my future career.

随着科技的不断发展，汽车的不断增多，排放的废气已经造成严重的污染，或许，几年后的子孙后代、几百年后的大家，或许会因为大气污染而死亡。现在，地球上每一年都有百分之二十的人因为饮用了受到污染的水而死亡，如果这样延续下去，地球在几万年后岂不是变得光秃秃、像月球一样了？

据科学家的统计，每一年，每一月都有百分之二十多的树木因为废气污染而枯萎。百分之八十多对我们有益的细菌死亡，大家或许会觉得很夸张，但这是事实。其次还有受到污染的废水、废气等。人类有错吗？

我多么希望大家能珍惜我们身边的每一个事物，每一只动物，每一只有益的细菌，因为，很有可能，在几万年后的今天，他们都没有了。

动物对人类发起了警告;细菌对人类发起了警告;每一条无辜的生命对我们发起了警告。

“人类，不要再害你自己，不要再害死我们了吧！”

From a middle class family， I was born in Hsin Ying， Tainan on October 10 th， 1965. My father is a civil official at Tainan City Government. My mother is a house wife good at cooking. Although I am the only child of my parents， I am by no mans a spoiled one. On the contrary， I have been expected to be a successful man with advanced education. I study hard at school. Besides texts knowledge， journalism is my favorite; whenever reading， my heart is filled with great joy and interesting.

Being good is must; successful， however， is plus. Father adopts the idea of his father. Especially in military service， I realized it more precisely. People said: Military service makes a boy to man， I agree that.

I realized the importance of English and began to study diligently when I was eighteen. I did not start in my early age， but I hope that I could pass the test of General English Proficiency Test. And this is my best wish at the moment.

[大学生简单的英文自我介绍