高三英语应用文 写作训练（优秀20篇）

Facebook is the most popular social communicational software. People like

to share their information in it and keep in touch with their friends. The

founder of Facebook is a young handsome guy named Mark Zuckerberg. He was being

a dad recently and he announced that he would donate 99 percent of his share for

celebrating his girl’s coming.

99 percent of his share! That is such great amount. The public were so

astonished by his decision. This young guy could only take out the small part of

his share, but he took out nearly the all. His great grace could help a lot of

people to improve their lives, even change their fate.

There are a lot of rich people in the world, but only less people could

make the great decision like Mark Zuckerberg. When the media asked him why he

did this, he said he wanted to reture society and help the people who were in

need of. This money was not necessary for him, but could change a lot of poor

people’s fates and I wanted to help them.

There is no doubt that Mark’s generous indeed will help a lot of

people.

要写好英语作文，具体要做到以下几点：

注重英文阅读习惯的养成与坚持

坚持英语阅读的习惯，不仅可以保持对英语语感的敏感度，更重要的是它有助于培养英式思维，从而避免汉式思维句子的出现。

(1)平时多读，积累句型：读的越多，语感欲强烈，写作的时候自然而然就可以自如的运用灵活多变的句式来完整一篇小作文了，另外建议多积累名言警句、谚语等以作为高级句型运用与作文中。

(2)选出一些代表性范文精读：选出不同题材的优秀作文范文，读的时候注意文章的开头、结尾、层次结构以及所用句型等。要有目的、用学习的心态来精读优秀范文，并做到学以致用。

注重平时的写作训练

英语写作训练可以以日记、话题或仿写的形式来进行。通过坚持一个学期的英语日记，保持英语写作的习惯。所以一定要坚持每周两到三次的写作训练，正所谓习惯成自然就是这个道理。

五步写出一篇好作文

什么才是好作文呢?很多同学误认为只要像学校平时测验那样子“句子结构正确，无单词拼写错误”就应该得满分。而小升初对作文的考核并非如此简单，同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么除了以上两个方面外，我们怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文而在小升初中获取高分呢?下面就来看我们的“高分作文五步法”。

(1)认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式

时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。

如ago，last…过去时;next，in…将来时等

人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。

例如：

Thanks to the teachers， we have improved our English.

其中we和our就是人称的统一。

格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。

(2)找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点

切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。

(3)成文时表述正确，文字流畅

切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾，主系表等)。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。

(4)文章结构清晰，重点句型画龙点睛，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次，考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。

常用连接词：

1.表文章结构顺序：

First of all， Firstly/First，Secondly/Second…

And then， Finally， In the end，At last

2.表并列补充关系的：

What is more， Besides，Moreover，

3.表转折对比关系的：

However， On the contrary， but

On one hand… On the otherhand…Some…， while others…

4.表因果关系的：

Because， As、So， Therefore， As a result

5.表换一种方式表达：

In other words

6.表进行举例说明：

For example，句子;For instance，句子;such as + n/doing

7.表陈述事实：In fact

8.表达自己观点：

As far as I know， In myopinion

9.表总结：

In short， In a word.

文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：感叹句、宾语从句、动名词做主语等。

宾语从句举例：

I believe Tianjin will be morebeautiful and prosperous.

感叹句举例：

How I want to study in thebest middle school in Guangzhou!

动名词做主语举例：

Reading books and swimming aremy hobbies.

常用状语从句句型：

1)时间：

when， not…until(直到…才…)， as soon as(一…就…)

2)目的：

so that + clause; (为了)

3)结果：

so…that…(如此…以至于…)， too…to do(太……以至于……)

4)条件：

if， unless(除非)， as long as(只要)

5)比较：

as…as…(与…一样)， not so…as…， than

(5)认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。

检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。

下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：

We livemore and more comfortable.

改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)

2.we can getmany informations by reading newspapers.

改正：much information (不可数名词由much修饰)

3.There willhave a football game tomorrow.

改正：There will be a football game tomorrow.(Therebe句型的将来时结构)

4.I thinkride a bike can keep our health.

改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)

一、审题

我们拿到作文后第一件要做的事就是审题。审题的作用在于使你写作不跑题(如果跑题，条理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0分。)那末审题要审什麽呢?

1.体裁(议论文，说明文，描述文)

审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什末样的体裁就会用什末样的题材去写。那末体裁包括那些呢?它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的杂合体。例如： Directions: For this part ,your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicTrying to Be A Good University Student .You should write at least 100 words and you shouldbase your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below :

1.做合格大学生的必要性

2.做合格大学生的必备条件(可以从德智体方面谈)

3.我计划这样做

很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，第一段要求写"...必要性"，这说明本段体裁是议论文;第二段要求写"

...必备条件"，这说明本段要求写说明文;儿地三段要求写"...这样做"，这说明本段要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。

2.根据不同体裁确定写作方法

我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们可以看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，地三段为描述体。而各种文体又不同的写作方式： 议论文;要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎末样(这是从正面论述);不能做合格的大学生，会怎末样(从反面论述);所以我们要做合格的大学生(结了论)。

说明文：可以从几方面或几条来说明一个问题，就上作文而言，可以从方面(德智体)来说明合格大学生的必要性。

描述文：一"人"为中心描述一个"做"的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相互应进行描述。 二 确定主题句

通过审题，我们知道该如何确定正确的写作思路。下边我们就谈如何些。第一部就是要写主题句。主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才有可得及格分。写主题句嘴保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。例如上述三段主题句分别为：

1.It is very necessary to be a good university student . (议论体的主题句)

2.There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student .(说明体的主题句)

3.What I will do in the future is the following .(描述体主题句)

如果要求句是英语就可以把它变成主题句，例如这样一篇作文：

Good Health

1.Importance of good health

2.Ways to keep fit

3.My own practice

这样的作文的要求句就可以扩充成主题句。扩充后三段的主题句分别为：

1.It is very important to have good health .(将名词 importance变成形容词important)

2.There are four ways to keep fit for me .(用 there be 句型)

3.My own practices are the following .(采用原词)

二、条理清楚

保证不跑提示写作当中第一任务，第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚，对于说明文来说条理要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。就拿上例Good health 来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚救应这样写：正面(With good health ,we can...)，反面(Without good health ,we cando nothing .We cant do...)

为了使文章更具有条理性，我们可以用first(ly) second(ly) third(ly)等副词，他们可以是文章的条例性更加突出。作文是主观题，想得告分就必须引起老师的主意，老师的时间很短(每篇作文只有一两分钟就要阅完)，所以我们在列调试最好不用: To be with,... after that ,...And then, ... The next , ... Thefollowing , ... As last ... 。因为用这样的词语不利于老师看出你作文的条理性。

三、保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法

考生一般都希望作文达到字数而又不至于写得太多，因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题，一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。

我们知道，四级作文都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上四句，即主题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全片在十二句左右，每一句十多个词，就又120-150个字。大家可以试图找一些作文题练一练。

May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,itis in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchan county Sichuan province. It was terrible.We cant describle the scene what we saw with any words.thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate ! But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake!

What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there !

But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan !

With the help of the such a large love ,we will over come the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !

2008年5月12日是一个平凡的一天,它在这一天,令人震惊的地震发生在四川省,中国。地震几乎毁了一切在Wenchan县四川省。这是可怕的。我们不能简述现场我们看到任何单词。成千上万的人受伤甚至死亡。和成千上万的儿童成为不幸的人失去了父亲或母亲,他们渴望有家庭继续他们的生活。我同情他们的命运!但是我相信我们可以对抗命运和改变它。例如,有很多人保持生活没有食物或水约100个小时在地震!

什么不可思议的事情啊!人类的伟大的心灵表现出强大的生命活力!然而,他们必须对抗死亡。许多学校被毁,有许多学生和老师永远离开了我们。悲伤、hoplessness和不同种类的危险到处传播出去!

但是,幸运的是,爱是在我们周围:共产党帮助我们,军队帮助我们,全世界的人都帮助我们。他们给我们钱,商品、爱等等!例如,李连,一个热心的人,给我们2000万元!

的帮助下如此大爱,我们将在地震的破坏,面对我们的美好未来!

一、教材：

中职教育国家规划教材《应用文写作基础》(张金英主编，高等教育出版社，2008年9月第2版)

二、参考资料：

《应用文写作基础练习册》

三、考试题型：

(一)填空题 15%

(二)单项选择题14%

(三)多项选择题10%

(四)简答题 16%

(五)改错题 15%

(六)写作题 30%

四、考试内容：

应用文写作基本知识和常见文书写作两个方面。考试以测试常见文书写作能力为重点，在理解、记忆、分析、综合四个层面上测试学生对应用文写作的掌握程度。

五、教学要求：

为增强学生学习应用文写作的兴趣，培养应用文写作能力，提高应用文写作技能。本课程重要章节的教学要求如下：

(1)应用文基础知识

了解应用文的主题的要求，选择材料应遵循的原则以及应用文语言运用的要求。

(2)行政公文

1.理解《国家行政机关公文处理办法》(2001年1月1日起施行)中13种公文的名称和适用范围。

2.掌握通知的概念、分类、特点、结构以及写法。

3.掌握通报的概念、种类、特点、作用、结构以及写法。

4.理解报告的概念、结构、格式特点。

5.掌握请示的概念、结构、写法及与报告的异同点

6.理解批复的概念、特点、结构。

7.掌握函的概念、分类、特点、结构以及写法。

(3)宣传应用文

了解消息的含义、特点及其“六要素”。

(4)经济应用文

1.了解经济合同的主要特点、结构，掌握其写法;理解经济合同与意向书的区别。

2.了解广告的特点、种类、结构与写法。

(5)礼仪应用文

1.理解欢迎词主要作用、主要特点，掌握其结构、写法。

2.了解开幕词的特点、结构及写法。

3.了解祝词的种类、结构，掌握其写法。

(6)事务应用文

1.掌握推荐信、贺信、倡议书、申请书的结构、写法。

2.了解慰问信的概念及结构，掌握其写法。

3.了解计划、总结的种类、特点、结构，掌握其写法。

4.了解简报的概念，理解其特点。

1 天空没有翅膀的痕迹，而鸟儿已飞过

there are no trails of the wings in the sky, while the birds has flied away。

2 没有谁对不起谁，只有谁不懂得珍惜谁。

no one indebted for others,while many people dont know how to cherish others。

3 我的世界不允许你的消失，不管结局是否完美。

no matter the ending is perfect or not, you cannot disappear from my world。

4 凋谢是真实的 盛开只是一种过去

fading is true while flowering is past。

5 为什么幸福总是擦肩而过，偶尔想你的时候…。就让…。回忆来陪我。

why i have never catched the happiness? whenever i want you ,i will be accompanyed by the memory of.。。

6 如果你为着错过夕阳而哭泣，那么你就要错群星了

if you weeped for the missing sunset,you would miss all the shining stars

7 如果只是遇见，不能停留，不如不遇见

if we can only encounter each other rather than stay with each other,then i wish we had never encountered 。

8 宁愿笑著流泪，也不哭著说后悔 心碎了，还需再补吗？

i would like weeping with the smile rather than repenting with the cry,when my heart is broken ,is it needed to fix?

9 爱情是一个精心设计的谎言

love is a carefully designed lie。

10 当香烟爱上火柴时，就注定受到伤害

when a cigarette falls in love with a match,it is destined to be hurt。

11 人活着 总是要得罪一些人的 就要看那些人是否值得得罪

when alive ,we may probably offend some people.however, we must think about whether they are deserved offended。

12 命里有时终需有 命里无时莫强求

you will have it if it belongs to you,whereas you dont kveth for it if it doesnt appear in your life。

13 爱情就像一只蝴蝶，它喜欢飞到哪里，就把欢乐带到哪里。

love is like a butterfly. it goes where it pleases and it pleases where it goes。

14 永远不是一种距离，而是一种决定。

eternity is not a distance but a decision。

15 在回忆里继续梦幻不如在地狱里等待天堂

dreaming in the memory is not as good as waiting for the paradise in the hell。

16 哪里有真爱存在，哪里就有奇迹

where there is great love, there are always miracles。

17 每一个沐浴在爱河中的人都是诗人

at the touch of love everyone becomes a poet。

18 假如每次想起你我都会得到一朵鲜花，那么我将永远在花丛中徜徉。

if i had a single flower for every time i think about you, i could walk forever in my garden。

19 有了你，我迷失了自我；失去你，我多么希望自己再度迷失。

within you i lose myself, without you i find myself wanting to be lost again。

20 承诺常常很像蝴蝶，美丽的飞盘旋然后不见

promises are often like the butterfly, which disappear after beautiful hover。

[优美英语写作段落句子摘抄中英互译

由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触，它的词汇从一元变为多元，语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”，语音也发生了规律性根据以英语作为母语的人数计算，英语是最多国家使用的官方语言，英语也是世界上最广泛的第二语言，也是欧盟的，最多国际组织和英联邦国家的官方语言，拥有世界第三位的母语使用者人数，仅少于汉语和西班牙语母语使用者人数。下面是小编为你带来的高三英语作文万能开头和结尾 ，欢迎阅读。

一、开头万能公式

1.开头万能公式一：

名人名言 ：有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语 名言？”很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理，而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？

经典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2.开头万能公式二：

数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明 。原则上在议论文 当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试 的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用 下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文绉绉的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

Honesty

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生 向老师 请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

二、结尾万能公式

1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，()开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

英语作文万能开头（2）

Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that…

2.结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.英语作文素材考研英语作文范文

一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织，这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式，供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

英语写作过程中我们经常会用到一些短语，下面请看语文迷整理的高级英语短语，希望对你有帮助。

1. feel frustrated (挫折的)/ discouraged

2. a precious (宝贵的) experience

3. raise / arouse the awareness of …

4. acquire knowledge and skills学习知识和技能

5. a growing /increasing tendency

6. have a desire for sth / to do sth

7. put sth into practice

8. be closely related to…与…息息相关

9. be essential to sb 对某人来说必不可少

10. in a society with more competitions and challenges / in a competitive society

11. be keen on… 热衷于…

12. broaden one’s horizons开阔眼界

13. a large variety of / a wide range of …

14. make one’s dream come true

15. lay a solid/firm/stable foundation for/in…为…/在…方面打下坚实的基础

16. listen to teachers attentively

17. make a practical plan

18. motivate sb to do sth

19. bury oneself into study埋头学习

20. our determination and efforts

21. express my gratitude to her sincerely

22. be strict with sb in sth

23. achieve the final victory

24. encounter/face some difficulties

25. neglect the disadvantages

26. With the great efforts we’ve made, …

27. enhance/improve his ability of singing

28. be optimistic about

29. hold the strong belief that…

30. I’m confident / I’m convinced that…

31. with iron will and perseverance

32. pursue one’s dream 追逐梦想

33. arouse one’s passion for…唤起对…的热情

34. resist the temptation of good food

35. change one’s original mind

36. spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做…

37. redouble one’s effort 加倍努力

38. leave a deep impression on sb

39. turn to sb for help / advice

40. relieve/lessen/reduce/ease one’s burden

41. with time going by=as time goes by

42. cherish/treasure/value our lives

43. vary from person to person

44. a boarding school 寄宿制学校

45. What surprised me most was that…

46. cause severe consequences(后果)

47. pay their tuition/school fees/schooling

48. physically and mentally

49. Some in favor of it think that…., while others are against it, holding the opinion that…

50. Success stems from hard work as it can help us accomplish the goal we’re striving for.

51. establish a special fund to help the poor

52. its negative aspect/impact is also obvious.

一、写作要领

考生无论遇到哪一类试题，都要仔细审题，根据题目的要求确定文章的类型和中心内容，并对你自己熟悉的、可写的内容进行筛选、整理、规划、列出提纲，这是很重要的一步。提纲列好后，要围绕提纲内容展开说明自己的观点和结论，不要在写作时抛开提纲。一篇好的作文应该具备以下5个方面：

(1)内容切题，主题鲜明。

(2)表达清楚准确，条理清晰。

(3)结构完整，衔接流畅自然。

(4)句法正确多样。

(5)用词恰当丰富。

二、方法与步骤

1．提纲

提纲是写作一篇文章的详细计划、安排。提纲准备的目的是：

(1)计划要写什么。

(2)文章的思想的表达顺序。

(3)如何安排段落。

(4)使写作从头到尾围绕主题进行。内容一般用短语和词。主题、副题表达先后顺序，要用数字标明。提纲内容的安排是写作一篇好文章的关键。

2．依据提纲写作

(1)初稿

在完成提纲安排后，动笔写作的第一步是打初稿，在写初稿时要争取做到心中有数，胸有成竹，经过反复练习后，能够按照提纲安排落笔成文，一气呵成。如果突发奇想，也可修改提纲，顺理成章，但切忌偏离正题。在初稿写作时要有意识加大行距，为文章的修改留有余地。

(2)定稿及修改方法

在完成初稿后，修改是必不可少的过程。修改文章要注意以下几点：

①内容是否切题，论点是否鲜明，论证是否合理、严密。

②段落衔接时过渡使用是否合理，语句是否通顺、有没有语法错误，用词是否恰当。

③拼写是否正确，标点符号、大小写是否有错误，有无其他笔误。

Ive been to the Great Wall, I have seen the Great Wall long, because it took me more than two hours to go right to the end of it a little bit.

Standing on a distant hillside, it like a long dragon, the Great Wall winding between mountains. Listen to mom and dad said that the Great Wall from shanhaiguan east to west of jiayuguan, has more than thirteen thousand long. Is the worlds only can see the spectacular scenery in the space.

Starting from Beijing, but in the more than one hundred came to the foot of the Great Wall. This section of the Great Wall built in badaling, tall and strong. The Great Wall is like a giant, stretched his arms, people like to walk in the giants arm.

I stood on the giants arm, the distant scene at a glance. On the distant mountains, trees grow luxuriantly green cage cage. This wall is a magnifying glass!

Look at the countless stone, there have a two or three one thousand catties. That is no trains, cars, no crane, rely on countless countless hands, shoulders step by step, carry on the steep mountains.

Here, I want to say that our ancestors under the extremely poor material conditions, with the most primitive, the simplest tools to finish this before does not see the head, after the Great Wall of no tail!

Verve as grand project, is a great miracle in the history of the world!

我去过长城，我见识过了长城的长，因为我用了两个多小时才走完它的一小段。

站在远处的山坡上看，长城它像一条长龙，在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。听爸爸妈妈说，长城从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关，有一万三千多里长。是世界上唯一能在太空上看到的壮观景物。

从北京出发，不过一百多里就来到了长城脚下。这一段长城修筑在八达岭上，高大坚固。长城就像一位巨人，伸展开双臂，人们好像在这位巨人的手臂上行走一样。

我站在这位巨人的手臂上看，远处的景物一目了然。在远处的群山上，树木长得葱葱笼笼。原来这长城还是个放大镜哩!

单看这数不清的条石，一块有两三千斤重。那是没有火车、汽车，也没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。

在此，我想说，我们的先民在极其贫乏的物质条件下，以最原始、最简单的工具才完成了这前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城!

这样气魄雄伟的工程，在世界历史上是一个伟大的奇迹!

There have been many environmental protection problems in recent years . One of the most serious problem is greenhouse gas emissions have caused climate change ,At the same time ,lots of trees have been used and wasted.So our earth is becoming warmer and warmer . .That brings us illnesses and death.

Luckily ，,many countries have done a lot to stop environmental pollution。Its the most important in the environmental protection today.

In my opinion ,on the one hand ,through education we should make people realize that destroying the environment means destroying ourselves,..On the other hand ,we should try to do something to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions.

In a word .we must develop low-carbon economy

现在这些年已经有很多关于保护环境的问题。其中最严重的一个问题就是温室气体排放已经造成了气候改变。同时，很多树木被砍伐掉了，而且大量别的资源已经被用完或者浪费。所以我们的地球变得越来越温暖(热)。这样带给我们的是疾病和死亡。。

幸运的是，很多国家已经采取了很多措施来控制环境污染问题。如今，这是最重要保护环境的措施。

我认为，一方面，虽然教育我们应该让人们意识到破坏环境就是伤害人类自己。另一方面，我们应该尽力做一些事情来控制温室气体增长。

总之，我们必须发展低碳经济。

今天，工作和生活中处处需要写作，各行各业都要学习写作。美国社会预测学家约翰?奈斯比特指出：当代社会应该记住最重要的大事有五件，其中之一是“在这个文字密集社会里，我们比以往更需要具备基本的读写技巧。”(约赖?奈斯比特：《大趋势》第18页，梅艳译,中国社会科学出版社1984年第1版)不仅信息传递、思想交流需要写作，而且学习也需要写作。因为写作的过程，同时也是巩固和深入学习的过程。

写作可分为两大类：一是文学创作，又称艺术协作，是指语言艺术中的诗歌、散文、小说、剧本等文学作品的创作;二是实用写作，又称应用文写作，指党政机关、社会团体、各行各业、企事业单位和人民群众在处理公务和日常生活、交往中产生的社会性认识和书写实践活动。

一、应用文产生发展

应用文有它产生、发展的过程。应用文在我国已有3000多年的历史，我国最早的文字甲骨文，就其内容和形式来看，是原始应用文的雏形。随着社会经济的发展和国家的产生，除了民间的应用文日益丰富外，国家机关等适应公务需要的应用文发展更快。例如，周代的《尚书》文告，秦代的制诏谕奏，汉代的表疏律令，魏晋的简牍署书，唐宋的图籍表册，明清的史册文翰都是应用文。此外，书信、书契、碑碣志铭、法律条例等也是应用文。在我国应用文发展的历史上，在长期的写作实践中，曾经产生了不少优秀作品，如李斯的《谏逐客书》、司马迁的《报任少卿书》、贾谊的《论积贮疏》、诸葛亮的《出师表》、魏征的《谏太宗十思疏》、王安石的《答司马谏议书》等，都是千古名篇。对于应用文的研究，我们也有传统，刘勰的《文心雕龙》文体论部分20篇。其中12篇谈到应用文。1911年辛亥革命后，南京临时政府颁布了一个公文程式条例，专门规定了公文名称和使用范围，废除了几千年封建王朝使用的制、诏、诰、刺、题、奏、表、笺等名目，表现了革命党人反对封建专制的思想，也是公文制度上的一次重大改革。1928年国民党中央政府对公文程式又作了一些新规定，其中比较重要的一点是规定公文的写作要用白话文，使用新式标点符号。中国共产党成立后，从建立自己的机关开始，就相应地有了自己的公文。1942年，陕甘宁边区政府颁布了《陕甘宁边区新公文程式》，为以后文书工作的健全和发展奠定了基础。中华人民共和国成立后，中国共产党和中央人民政府对公文工作十分重视，进行了一系列改革和健全工作，1951年中央人民政府政务院颁布了《公文处理暂行办法》，1995年中共中央批准了《中国共产党中央和省(市)级机关文书处理工作和档案工作暂行条例》，1957年国务院印发了《关于公文名称和体式问题的几点意见(稿)》，1981年国务院办公厅发布了《国家行政机关公文处理暂行办法》，1987年国务院办公厅又发布了《国家行政机关公文处理办法》，1993年11月21日国务院办公厅对这个办法作了修订，重新发布，自1994年1月1日起施行。这些对于提高机关公文质量和公文管理水平起了重要作用。随着我国经济的发展和对外交往的日益频繁，应用文的种类也越来越多，新的文种不断涌现。

二、应用文写作的作用

1、公关交际的作用

在当前的社会活动中，任何人、任何单位都免不了与外界接触、打交道。比如开业，要向工商管理局申请执照;双方合作，需要签订协议合同;销售产品，要策划广告，发函等等，都需要用应用文联系，以此来促进业务的开展，协调各方的联系。应用文表达清晰、准确，无疑会给企业树立良好的形象，促进企业的发展。

2、宣传教育作用

党和政府通过应用文下达各种文件、法规、制度，向全国宣传党和国家的方针政策，各地区、各部门、各企业也通过应用文推广先进经验，表扬先进人物，批评揭露不良现象，丑陋行为，制裁不法分子，以此来提高人们的思想政治觉悟，规范人们的行为，保障社会的安定，推动各项事业的健康发展。

3、沟通联系的作用

应用文是加强上下级联系的纽带，也是与各有关方面联系的有效工具。比如上下级之间的上情下达，下情上报;各单位之间的信息交流、经验交流，以此取人之长，补己之短，互相促进，共同提高，推动社会主义现代化的建设等。

4、凭证资料作用

在社会生活中，应用文也是开展工作，解决、处理问题的依据和凭证。向上级下达的文件、党和政府颁布的法规、有关方面的规章制度，都可作为开展工作和检查工作的依据;而一些条据、合同文本、公证材料等，也是业务中的凭证，一旦出现问题、纠纷，依靠这些凭证，可通过法律追究对方责任，维护自身利益。另外，一些重要的应用文也是历史档案资料，要了解某一时期的政治、经济情况，或某一方面的生产经营情况，只要查阅当时存档的应用文，就可以知道。有些冤假错案在事后也能凭借这些档案的应用文得以澄清事实，还其本来面目。

三、应用文写作的特点

应用文作为一种文体与其他文学作品的写法相比较，除具有一定的共性外，还有其独特的个性。一般来说，从小学到中学，学生写的大都是记叙文、议论文等文体，讲究语言的生动形象、情节起伏，采用多种描写手法，进行多样的抒情等。但这些作文的写法，不能套用到应用文的写作中去。一个学生平时作文写得很好，应用文不一定能写好，这就需要了解掌握应用文写作的特点，才能写好应用文。应用文写作的特点主要有以下几种：

1、实用性

应用文最大的特点在于“实用”，“实用”是应用文与其他文学作品的主要区别之一。一般文学作平的创作是“有感而发”，诗歌、散文、小说等文学作品主要是表达人们的喜怒哀乐、抒发理想、反映现实。而应用文的写作主要是为了解决实际问题，是“有事而发”，无事不发。比如要和远方的朋友联系，就要写信;要借款，就得立字据;向上级汇报工作、反映情况，要写报告;推销产品，要写广告等，都是为了解决实际问题而写的，所以应用文往往被人称为实用文，是“为实用而作之文”.

2、针对性

应用文的写作都有明确、直接的对象。比如信写给谁?字据里给谁?报告打给谁?都有对象，即使是一些广告、启事也是针对有关消费者、知情者的，只不过对象的范围大一些。而文学作平的阅读对象往往是不明确，没有严格的针对性，像一首诗、一篇小说、一部电影剧本，谁多可以看，谁多可以不看，老少不分，雅俗共赏。

3、时效性

由于应用文是为了解决实际问题而写的，所以它的时间性很强。一旦出现问题，就必须及时反映，否则拖延时间就会给生活、工作、生产带来影响。尤其是当今社会，市场竞争激烈，信息传递慢，企业随时有被淘汰的危险。而信息反映及时，就会给企业带来效益。相对而言，文学作品的写作时间性不强，像《红楼梦》写了十年之久，欧阳修的《醉翁亭记》写好后又搁置了很长时间才发表。

4、真实性

应用文写作必须讲究真实、各观，实事求是地反映问题，反映情况，不允许向文学创作那样，可以虚构，进行艺术再加工，“杂取种种、合成一个”，追求艺术的阵;也不能发挥主观想象、夸大其辞，否则就会歪曲事实真相，蒙骗对方，误导消费者，给社会带来不良影响。

5、程式性

指应用文的写作有其特定、惯用的格式，这些格式，有的是长期以来约定俗成、相沿成习的，有的是由国家、有关部门统一制定的。如书信有书信的格式，公文有公文的格式，经济合同有经济合同的格式等，每一种应用文包括哪些内容，那些在前，那些在后，分几部分，都应严格遵守，不得随意标新立异，也不能像有些文学创作那样，随意编排，自由联想，打破时空观，讲究情节情节的曲折变化等。应用文的格式也不是一成不变的，随着社会的发展，人们生活习惯的变化，观念的变化，应用文写作格式也会变化，使它更加方便人们表情达意的需要，更加顺应社会发展的需要

6、平实性

由于应用文注重实用，所以它的语言也讲究务实，就是语言要简洁、朴实、明白、准确、规范，便于理解执行。不能像文学创作那样讲究生动、形象、含蓄、朦胧，或以取悦打动读者。平实是应用文写作的基本风格。

四、应用文写作的基础知识

(一)材料

材料是构成文章的要素之一，是大家在日常生活中按收集到的，以准备写作用的有意义、有价值的资料。材料是形成主题的基础，又是表现主题的支柱。一篇文章的内容如何，首先取决于作者掌握材料的多少和好坏。常言道：“巧妇难为无米之炊”，就说明了这个道理。所以，写作前必须大量地积累材料。

1、积累材料

(1)认真观察生活

生活中存在着大量材料，能否被你所用，关键在于你能否自觉地认真地进行观察，将材料日积月累起来。观察和做一切事情一样，必须注意方法。总的说来，观察要确立观察点，要有顺序，要抓住事物特征。要具备分析、综合能力。此外，观察要善于思考才能发现问题，提出问题，抓住事物的主要特征，从而对事物进行科学的判断。

(2)深入调查采访

为了反映社会建设中新事物、新经验、新问题，就必须有目的、有计划地进行调查采访，广泛收集材料。这也是写作前的重要准备工作。常用的调查方法有：有条件的话开调查会，个别采访，实地考察，问卷考察，参加有关会议，阅读有关文件等。

(3)围绕业务进行收集

围绕本单位和本人的业务工作，有意识的收集资料，可以为我们写作提供丰富的材料。一般说来，必须收集的材料有：党和国家各个时期的经济方针、政策和财经纪律、制度;本单位的基本情况，有关业务资料，像会计核算、统计与计划指标以及完成情况所提供的有关数字资料、经济活动分析缝隙材料等;有关同类单位的对比资料;其他有关情况。

(4)建立材料仓库

为了把占有的材料很好地贮存起来，避免遗忘，每个写作者都必须建立起自己的材料仓库。主要方法有：坚持写笔记，这笔记可根据材料的特点采用不同的形式，如事态速写，把生活中突然发生的有意义的事情粗线条地记下来;一事一议，针对所见所闻的某一事情，写自己的感想认识;读书摘要，摘抄书报、文件中各种事例或文笔精华;提要缩写，根据文章内容的主次，采用概括和综合的方法记下主题、要点;编列索引，把每一份原始材料的题目，按一定的类别，按一定顺序记下来;做资料卡，一张卡片记一件事、一个例子、一个人或一个问题，写上编号，注明出处。

2、选择材料

选择材料从根本上说就是根据表现主题的需要来决定对材料的取舍。所以选择材料的总原则是，什么样的主题就选用什么样的材料。

那么，选择材料有什么具体要求呢?

一要“真”。选择那些真实的，足以令人信服的材料。因为，伪饰虚假的材料最终将导致读者对文章甚至作者的厌恶，真实的材料合情合理合乎逻辑，文章使用这样的材料才会有力量。

二要“精”。选择那些质地精美，能以一当十的材料。因为，只有这些能深刻地揭示事物本质具有广泛代表性的材料，能以少胜多，以小显大，文章使用这样的材料，就很精当。

三要“新”。选择那些有新鲜感，具有吸引力的材料。因为，这种清新的材料，具有时代的气息，能引起读者的兴趣——抓住读者的心。

3、使用材料

选择材料之后，还有个如何使用的问题，使用得好，就可以有力地表现主题，使用不好，也会相应地削弱主题。材料的使用要掌握一个原则，即集中、强烈。材料的使用重在一个“活”字，材料吃得透，运用就灵活，笔下功夫深，材料就活脱。

如何具体使用材料?

一调动，指的是材料先后顺序的确定，使材料之间依次排列，形成一定的逻辑关系。二平衡，指材料的详略、轻重的处理，一般行文的详略是从全文着眼，求得内容整体与各个局部之间文字量上的统一和协调。三匀称，材料文字量的相对齐整，在文章形式上能给读者一种对称、均匀的美感。

(二)主 题

主题是文章的灵魂，写文章都是为了表达一定的主题。

不论是谁，他只要动笔写作，总会有个“意图”、“宗旨”、“目的”的。或者是为了宣传某一种思想，或是为了表彰某一个人物，或是为了介绍某一桩事情，或是为了传播某一项经验……总之，他要说明点什么意思，表达点什么想法，反映点什么意见，灌输点什么主张。而这“意思”、“想法”、“意见”、“主张”等等，就表示着作者对生活的理解，对事物的认识。表示着作者赞成什么，反对什么的鲜明倾向。这些，就是文章的“主题”了。

因此，主题就是作者在说明问题，发表主张或反映生活现象时，通过全部文章内容所表达来的基本的意见或中心思想。

1、主题的提炼

提炼文章的主题，要求做到正确、鲜明、深刻、新颖。所说的正确，就是内容要反映客观实际，符合党和国家的路线、方针、政策。所谓鲜明，就是赞扬什么，反对什么，旗帜鲜明。

2、主题的表现

正确、鲜明、深刻、新颖的主题，如果表现得好，可以增色;如果表现不力，也是要逊色的。

如果说提炼主题不易的话，那么表现好主题就更难。它需要我们掌握适宜的表现手法。

应用性文章是为办理事情、解决问题而写的，贵在务实，利于行动。作者必须针对工作或生活中的实际问题，在文章中表明自己对某件事的态度或解决某个问题的意见等，因此，应用文的观点是由作者直接表达出来显露在文章中，就这一点，应用文与论说文有相似之处。

(三)结 构

结构即文章的内部构造，是如何运用材料以表现主题的组织安排。它是作者的思路在文章中的反映，实质是一个如何认识和反映客观事物的问题。如果把主题比作文章的灵魂，材料比作文章的血肉，那么结构就是文章的骨架。

文章的结构，包括两个方面：表现为思维形式的叫做逻辑结构，表现为语言形式的叫篇章结构。写作者一般先形成逻辑结构，再形成篇章结构;阅读者一般先了解篇章结构，然后理清逻辑结构。多写多看文章以后，两者也可同时形成或理解。

常见的结构形式：

第一，按照事物产生、发展、变化的过程或时间先后顺序去写，即纵式结构。这种写法，能形象地再现事物的原貌，可读性较强。第二，根据内容的特点和矛盾的不同性质，也就是按事物的逻辑关系进行分类归纳，把主体分成几个部分(或几个方面)，然后把材料横着排列起来，逐个进行阐述，最后从总的方面集中说明一个中心思想，即横式结构，这种写法，便于抓住要害，突出主要矛盾，文章的观点鲜明，为应用文所广泛使用。

(四)语 言

语言是人类用来表达意思、交流思想的工具。

在文章的写作中，一方面，语言是文章思想内容的具体表现，构成文章最基本的材料就是语言，没有语言就没有任何文章;另一方面，文章以语言作为表情达意的工具，没有好的语言，任何好思想、好材料、好结构都无法表现，要把语言运用好，必须做到准确无误，意明笔畅，简洁精练，朴素通俗。

(五)表 达

写作的表达方式是多种多样的，主要有叙述、描写、抒情、说明、议论。这五种表达方式各具特点。它们在写作中，有的单独使用，有的交互使用，更多的是交互混合使用。

应用文写作中常用的表达方式，主要是叙述、说明、议论。

1、叙述

应用文的叙述，要求写作者有一个立足点和观察点。要么从自我出发，要么就是从与叙述对象的平行地位出发，所以叙述时要确定人称。

应用文的叙述，也与一般文章相同，分为顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙。

2、说明

说明是对事物、事理和人物所作的具体或概括的介绍或解说。

常用的说明方式有：定义、诠释说明，用概括、精确的语言表述事物的本质属性，使它与别的事物相区别，这就叫下定义又称立界说。下定义比较困难，有时就只说明对象的某些特点，这叫诠释释或解释，使用较自由灵活。

概貌说明，是对说明对象从外观上进行概括的介绍。这种说明注重事物的完整性，给人一个总体的印象。

程序说明，是对说明的对象从制作过程或工艺流程乃至施工进度的解说。这种说明要注意程序之间的衔接和贯通。

局部说明，是对完整事物的划段解说，这种说明需要划段准确，各阶段解说的事理要具有一致性。

举例说明，是一种通过举例的方法解说事物的写法。这种说明应注意所举实例与解说对象的相似点。

比较说明，是把两种(或多种)事物、同一事物的不同阶段进行比较，借以说明对象的性质、特点和变化。这种说明要注意两者的可比性。

数据与图表说明，这是利用有关数据或图片表格，向人们说明的一种直观说明方式，这种说明要注意数据的准确，图表的鲜明。

说明的文字，必须言简意赅，只要能把事物形状、性质、特征、关系、功用等解说清楚，或把人物的经历、特点、成就等表达明白，就是好的说明。

3、议论

议论就是作者通过事实材料及逻辑推理阐明道理，表明自己的见解、主张以及驳斥别人观点的一种表达方式。

议论有三个要素：论点、论据、论证。所谓论点，是作者对所论问题提出的看法、主张。它可分为中心论点和分论点。中心论点可在文章开头提出，也可在篇末归纳提出，常以一个判断性语句出现在文章中的明显位置上。分论点是从中心论点分化出来的，它为中心论点服务，常是文章每一部分开始提出的小论点。所谓论据是证明论点的理论和事实依据。所谓论证，是用论据证明论点的过程，一般包括论点提出的原因及对论点的基本解说，证明论点的正确(或错误).归纳论证的结果等几个部分。

议论分为两大类，立论和驳论。立论，是正面阐述自己的观点，驳论是反驳他人的论点。在一篇文章中，有的是典型的立论或驳论，有的则交叉使用，破立结合。

论证的方法很多，常用的有：

归纳法。它以事实为论据，从许多“个别”事例中归纳出一个“一般”性的结论。

演绎法。它以推理的方式，从“一般”性结论，演绎出一个“个别”的论断。

举例法。它以事实为论据，用典型事例证明论点是正确的。

引典法。它以名人、经典著作中的言论或公理、常理为论据，证明论点的正确。

比较法。它把不同情况或事物摆出来加以比较，在比较中明辨是非，阐明事理。

类比法。它通过讲故事、举实例，用比喻来证明两个相比事物之间具有某种共同的特点。

驳论法。一是直接反驳，即用确凿的事实或常理，直接批驳错误论点。一种是间接反驳，这种反驳法又可分为归谬法、反证法。归谬法又称为“引申法”，就是对错误观点做“顺水推舟”式的发挥，以充分显示其荒谬;反证法是首先用充分的论据证明与此相对立的观点的正确，借以证明敌对论点是无法成立的。

五、应用文写作的具体要求

1.材料绝对真实

文学作品的题材，可以“上下几千年，纵横数万里”，而应用文写作的取材十分严谨，主要是现实的，与本部门有关的材料。文学作品的题材也要求真实，但那是艺术真实，允许虚构，是社会生活中可能有的，应该有的，但不一定实有其人，实有其事。而应用文，材料必须绝对真实，不允许有一点儿虚构，如时间、顺序、地点以至细技末节方面都不能有所谓“合理想象”，只有保证材料的绝对真实，才有说服力，才有利于问题的解决。

2.主题专一显露

一般地说，应用文要求一文一事，就是较长的文件，也要求只有一个中心思想。这样，可以使重点突出，防止行文关系混乱，提高工作效率，利于问题的解决。写作时，要扣紧主题，围绕中心，不枝不蔓，一气贯通，防止多中心，防止下笔千言，离题万里。应用文还要求开门见山，旗帜鲜明地亮出自己的观点，表明自已的态度。

3.结构完整眉目清楚

结构要完整，简单明了，层次清楚。动笔前先构思，把那些零散材料分析、归纳，根据内容与需要，把它们组织成为一个有机整体。此外要注意划分段落，做到各段既有单一性，又有完整性，即每段只能有一个中心思想、，不能把一些互不相干的意思放在一个段落里，同时，一个意思要在一个段落里说完全，说透彻，不要把一个完整的意思拆散。做到既有“断”，又有“联”，分之为一段，合则为全篇。

4.文字准确简明扼要

正确的思想，要通过准确的语言文字来表达。各种文体对语言文字的要求不尽相同。应用文由于它的特殊作用，在文字表达方面，要求有节制，有分寸，做到准确、鲜明。同时要求不写错字、别字，正确使用标点符号。文面也要求清楚美观，不乱涂乱改，潦草马虎。应用文的务实功能决定了它的篇幅一般较短，要写得简明扼要。用最少的文字，准确、严密地表现最丰富的内容。

5.政策明确风格庄重

应用文是工作中的公务文书，它的政策性很强。因此，在写作前，要认真学习有关方针、政策，领会政策精神，掌握政策界限。在写作中，要处处注意以政策为准绳，根据政策分析问题、解决问题。不同的文体有不同的语体风格。有的含蓄，有的婉转，有的艳丽，有的雄奇，有的幽默风趣，有的自然深沉等等。应用文由于它内容与功能的特点，决定了它庄重，典雅，朴实，自然的风格。崇尚文学笔法的人，以乎实为平庸，鄙薄应用文，以为“不过就是几种格式”，那是片面和肤浅的见识。

一位富翁和他儿子爱好收藏画，他们收藏了从毕加索到拉费奥等很多艺术品。常常他俩坐在一起欣赏着大师的作品。

when the vietnam conflict broke out, the son went to war. he was very courageous and died in battle while rescuing another soldier. the father was notified and grieved deeply for his only son.

当越战爆发的时候，儿子投入了战争。他非常勇敢，在一次作战中因为抢救战友而牺牲了。父亲接到了通知，深深地哀恸他唯一的儿子。

about a month later, just before christmas, there was a knock at the door. a young man stood there with a large package in his hands. he said "sir, you dont

know me, but i am the soldier for whom your son gave his life. he saved many lives that day, and he was carrying me to safety when a bullet struck him in the

heart and he died instantly. he often talked about you and your love for art.’’ the young man held out his package. "i know this isnt much. im really not a great artist, but i think your son would have wanted you to have this." the father opened the package. it was a portrait of his son, painted by the young man.

he stared in awe at the way the soldier had captured the personality of his son in the painting. the father was so drawn to the eyes that his own eyes swelled up

with tears. he thanks the young man and offered to pay him for the picture. "oh no, sir, i could never repay what you son did for me. its a gift.

约一个月之后，正好是圣诞节前，门上传来敲门声。一位年轻人站在那里，手里拿着一个很大的包裹。他说道：“先生，你不认识我，我就是你儿子为了救我而牺牲的那个战士。那天他救了很多人，当他背着我走向安全地带的时候，一颗子弹击中了他的心脏，他顿时就牺牲了。他常常说起你和你对艺术的爱好，”年轻人举起他的包裹，“我知道这不算什么，我是真的不怎样的艺术家，但我想你儿子会要你保留这幅画的。”父亲打开了包裹，是他儿子的一幅肖像画，是这年轻人画的。他惊奇地注视着画中那士兵是如何捕捉到他儿子的个性的。父亲如此地被画里的眼睛吸引，他自己的眼睛也充满了泪水。他谢了那年轻人并提议买下这幅画。“噢，不要钱，先生，我永远不能偿还你儿子给我做的一切。这是礼物。”

the father hung the portrait over his mantle. every time visitors came to his home he took them to see the portrait of his son before he showed them any of the other great works he had collected.

父亲把这肖像画挂在壁炉架上，每次有客人来他家拜访，他总是在给他们看他收藏的许多名作之前，先带他们看儿子的肖像。

the man died a few months later. there was to be a great auction of his great works of art. many people gathered, excited over seeing the great paintings and

having an opportunity to purchase one for their collection. on the platform sat the portrait of his son. the auctioneer pounded his gavel, "we will start with this portrait of the son. who will bid for this picture?

富翁在几个月之后死了。他的伟大收藏也将要被拍卖掉。许多人聚集着，为能一睹这些伟大的收藏以及能从他的收藏里买一个加入自己的收藏品这一机会而激动不已。在讲台上安置着那儿子的肖像画

there was silence. then a ! voice in the back of the room shouted "we want to see the famous paintings. skip this one."

场面非常安静。这时有一个声音在厅堂的后面叫道：“我们要看名画，跳过这一幅。”

but the auctioneer persisted, "will someone bid for this painting? who will start the bidding? $100, $200?"

但拍卖经纪人坚持着：“有没有人投这幅画的标?谁先开始?一百，两百?

another voice shouted angrily, "we didnt come here to see this painting. we came to see the van gohs, the rembrandts. get on with the real bids".

另外一个声音高喊着，非常愤怒：“我们不是来这里看这幅画的，我们是来看梵高的画，看伦伯朗的画的。快进入真正的竞标吧。”

but still the auctioneer continued, "the son! the son! who will take the son?" finally, a voice came from the very back of the room. it was the longtime

gardener of the man and his son. "ill give you $10 for the painting." being a poor man, it was all he could afford.

但拍卖经纪人依旧继续着：“儿子，儿子，谁要这儿子?”终于，一个声音从厅堂的深处传来：“我出十块钱要这画。”因为穷，这是他力所能及的价钱。

"we have $10, who will bid $20??"

"give it to him for $10. lets see the masters".

”

"$10 is the bid, wont someone bid $20?"

“有人标了十块，有谁肯标二十的吗?”

“十块给他吧，让我们看名作。

“标价十块，没有人标二十的吗?”

the crowd was becoming angry. they didnt want the picture of the son. they wanted the more worthy investments for their collections.

the auctioneer pounded his gavel. "going once, twice, sold for $10!"

a man sitting in the second row shouted, "now lets get on with the collection!

the auctioneer laid down his gavel "im sorry, the auction is over".

”

"what about the paintings?"

人群开始愤怒起来。他们不想要这儿子的画。他们要收藏的是更值得投资的东西。

拍卖经纪人敲打着槌子：“一次竞标，两次竞标，十块得标!”

一位坐在第二排的人喊道：“现在让我们开始进入收藏品的竞标。”

那拍卖经纪人放下他的槌子说：“很抱歉，竞标已经结束了。”

“那些收藏品怎么办?”

"im sorry, when i was called to conduct this auction, i was told of a secret stipulation in the will. i was not allowed to reveal that stipulation until this

time. only the painting of the son would be auctioned. whoever bought that painting would inherit the entire estate, including the paintings. the man who took the son, gets everything!"

“对不起，当我被叫来负责这场拍卖的时候，我被告知那人的遗嘱中有秘密的约定，一直到现在我是不允许暴露这个秘密的。只有儿子这幅画是要拍卖的。谁买了这幅画谁就继承整个遗产，包括这幅画。那个男人拿了儿子肖像，得到了一切。”

god gave his son 2000 years ago to die on the cruel cross. much like the auctioneer, his message today is "the son, the son, wholl take the son?" because, you see, whoever takes the son gets everything.

上帝在2000年以前给他的儿子在残酷的十字架上受死。和这经纪人非常相似，他今天的福音是：“儿子，儿子，谁承受这个儿子?”因为，你看，谁接纳儿子谁就获得一切。

英语写作中如果运用了相关的名言句子可以为作文带来亮点。下面是语文迷为大家整理的励志唯美句子，希望对你有帮助。

一)Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away.千万记住：度量生命的不是呼吸的次数，而是那些最最难忘的时刻。

二)Children in backseats cause accidents. Accidents in backseats cause children. 后排座位上的小孩会生出意外，后排座位上的意外会生出小孩。

三)Don’t take guilt trips. Take a trip to the mall, to the next country, to a foreign country, but NOT to where the guilt is.别踏上犯罪的道路。你可以去逛街，可以到邻县去，可以出国旅行，但就是别踏上犯罪的道路。

四)Nothing is impossible!没有什么不可能!

五)Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives. 成功是一个相关名词，他会给你带来很多不相关的亲戚(联系)。

六)The tears happen. Endure, grieve, and move on. The only person who is with us our entire life, is ourselves. Be ALIVE while you are alive.有泪就流。在忍耐和伤心过后，要继续前行。陪伴我们度过此生的只有一人--那就是我们自己。让生命鲜活起来。

七)The wise never marry, And when they marry they become otherwise. 聪明人都是未婚的，结婚的人很难再聪明起来。

八)While there is life there is hope.一息若存，希望不灭。

九)Love is photogenic. It needs darkness to develop. 爱情就象照片，需要大量的暗房时间来培养。

十)Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today. 不要等明天交不上差再找借口，今天就要找好。

十一)Never underestimate your power to change yourself!永远不要低估你改变自我的能力!

十二)Nothing for nothing.不费力气，一无所得。

十三)Tell the people you love that you love them, at every opportunity.把你的爱告诉你所爱着的人们，把握住每一个表达机会。

十四)Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today. 不要等明天交不上差再找借口，今天就要找好。

十五)Never underestimate your power to change yourself!永远不要低估你改变自我的能力!

十六)The man who has made up his mind to win will never say "impossible ". 凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。

十七)Enjoy the simple things.享受简单事物的乐趣。

十八)I am a slow walker,but I never walk backwards. 我走得很慢，但是我从来不会后退。

十九)很多我们想要的东西都是价格不菲的。但是，真正能让我们感到满足的东西，比如爱、欢笑还有工作中的激情，却都是不需要花钱的。 Many of the things we desire are expensive. But the truth is, the things that really satisfy us are totally free –love, laughter and working on our passions.

二十)我们无法在这个世界上做什么伟大的事情，可我们可以带着伟大的爱做一些小事。 We cannot do great things on this Earth, only small things with great love.

二十一)你无法真正忘掉那个打动你内心的人，无论他是那个伤害你的人，还是治愈你的人。 You never really forget the ones who touched your heart; regardless whether its the ones who broke it or the ones who healed it.

二十二)不要祈祷生活的舒适，祈祷自己变得更加坚强。 Do not pray for easy lives. Pray to be stronger men.

二十三)所有人都想得到幸福，不愿承担痛苦，但是不下点小雨，哪来的彩虹? Everybody wants happiness, nobody wants pain, but you cant have a rainbow without a little rain.

When you need a lot of money, you first thing you do is to borrow money from your friend, while doing this sometimes may do harm to your friendship. First, your friends may not have too much money at hand, he or she maybe suffer from the lack of cash flow at that moment. Everyone has their own worries, when you borrow money, they always have to struggle for a while, their hesitations make you begin to doubt your friendship is true or whether your friends treat your as real one. Second, most people cant return the money in time, because they have all kinds of difficulties, this will make your friends in a awkward situation. They are considering whether to ask you return the money, if they do, this will make you embarrassed; If they dont, they will lack of money. So it is better not to borrow money from your friend.

当你需要很多钱的时候，你第一件事做的就是向你朋友借钱，然而这样做有时候会伤害你的友谊。第一，你的朋友也许没有很多的钱在手上，他或她可能遭遇着流动资金的不足。每个人都有他们自己的担忧，当你借钱的时候，他们总要挣扎一会，他们的犹豫让你开始怀疑你们之间的友谊是否真实或者你的朋友是否把你真当朋友。第二，大部分人不能及时还钱，因为他们有各种各样的困难，这会让你朋友出于尴尬的境地。他们考虑着是否叫你还钱，他们叫了，会让你尴尬;如果不叫，他们就缺钱。所以最好不要向你的朋友借钱。

My favourite song is a popular song ,its name is Heal the world, Micheal Jackson sang this song.Meanwhile , this song was produced by Micheal.The song is about our worse and worse environment and the cons people on protecting earth..For example from the song ,’heal the world ,make it a better place, for you and for me and the entire human race’I like this lyric very much.I like this song because its melody and content .By this song ,we can realize what about our earth and how we can do in the future.

我最喜爱的歌曲是一首流行歌曲，它的名字是拯救世界，这首歌是迈克尔·杰克逊唱的。同时，这首歌是由迈克尔创作的。这首歌是唱出了我们每况愈下的环境和呵护地球上的利弊......例如，从歌曲“拯救世界，创作发明一个更好的处所为你，为我和整个人类，”我很喜欢这些歌词。我喜欢这首歌，因为它的旋律和内容。通过这首歌，我们意识到在未来对于我们的地球我们可以可以做些什么

Everyone will have some unforgettable memories. These big and small

memories are like the shining stars in my memory, and one of them is the first

time I read science books.

It was the second day of the summer vacation for Daban. It was sunny and a

little sultry in the morning. My father said to me happily, "son, today my

father will take you to climb the mountain and enjoy the beautiful scenery on

the top of the mountain." I readily agreed. So we came to the famous Dayang

mountain in Dongzhu.

My father and I went to the foot of the mountain, looked up, and could not

see the top of Dayang mountain. My father said, "climb to the top of the

mountain and you can enjoy the most beautiful scenery in the world." I look

forward to my father.

At the beginning of climbing, I was full of energy and very relaxed. But

when I climbed to the middle of the mountain, my body became heavier and heavier

like lead. Dad saw me like this, so we rested for a while, and continued to

climb up. After a long time, I saw that I was exhausted when I was near the top

of the mountain. I begged dad to take me down the mountain. Dad encouraged me:

"hold on a little longer, and soon I will be at the top of the mountain Well,

the ancients said, "you will be at the top of the mountain and see all the small

mountains." dont you want to experience this feeling? " I gasped and said, "Dad,

I really cant climb. I cant move my legs anymore. I want to go back..." Dad

helplessly took me down the mountain.

At that time, I didnt stick to it. Unfortunately, I missed the beautiful

scenery at the top of the mountain. Ive learned that if I do anything, work hard

and stick to it to the end, there will be gains. Study is also, persist in the

end will achieve good results.

In the matter of courage we all have our limits. There never was a hero who

did not have his bounds. I suppose it may be said of Nelson and all the others

whose courage has been advertised that there came times in their lives when

their bravery knew it had come to its limit.

I have found mine a good many times. Sometimes this was expected--often it

was unexpected. I know a man who is not afraid to sleep with a rattle-snake, but

you could not get him to sleep with a safety-razor.

I never had the courage to talk across a long, narrow room. I should be at

the end of the room facing all the audience. If I attempt to talk across a room

I find myself turning this way and that, and thus at alternate periods I have

part of the audience behind me. You ought never to have any part of the audience

behind you; you never can tell what they are going to do.

1)Some(people)argue/claim/believe/hold that……But others set(put)forth a different argument about/oppositive views on the matter in question.

(e.g. Some claim that setting off firecrackers is a good practice of celebrating the Spring Festival.……But others put forth opposite views on the problem.)

2)Some(people)advocate/endorse/favor/are for(或oppose/object to/are against)……Yet others stick to/hold on to/cling to the opposite views/argument/points.

(e.g. Some advocate changes intended to modernize the building code.……Yet others hold on to the opposite views.)

3)To some peoples mind/From some peoples point of view/In the eye(s)o f some people，the matter in question is/seems/should be/means……But to othersmind/from others point of view/in otherseyes，it is just/quite the other way around/contrary/opposite(或the opposite/reverse is the case/true.)

(e.g. To some peoples mind，reading should be done in a selective way.……But to others‘，it is just the other way around.)

4)Some(people)respond/react to……by……But others behave/act in the other direction/in the opposite way.

(e.g. Some people respond to failure by remaining inactive or avoiding it……But others behave in the opposite way.)

5)Some take the view that……And/But on the other hand，others argue for the opposite view that……

(e.g. Some are of the view that institutions mould characters.……And on the other hand，others argue for the opposite view that characters transform institutions.)

对未来不懈追求，是理想形成的动力和源泉。下面是关于理想的英语名言，供大家写作参考。

1.And love, young men, and venerate the ideal. The ideal is the word of God. High above every country, high above humanity, is the country of the spirit, the city of the soul.

青年人啊，热爱理想吧，崇敬理想吧。理想是上帝的语言。高于一切国家和全人类的，是精神的王国，是灵魂的故乡。

2.Between the ideal and the reality, between the motion and the act, falls the shadow.

理想与现实之间，动机与行为之间，总有一道阴影。

3.Ideals are like the stars... we never reach them, but like mariners, we chart our course by them.

理想就像是星星...我们永远够不着它，但是我们像水手一样，靠星星指引航程。

4.The ideal is in thyself, the impediment too is thyself.

理想存乎已心，障碍亦是如此

5.Its is the most pleasant thing in the world to struggle for a noble ideal.

世界上最快乐的事，就是为理想而奋斗

6.Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.

但凡人能想像到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。

7.Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal, there is no secure direction; without direction, there is no life.

理想是指路明灯。没有理想，就没有坚定的方向;没有方向，就没有生活

8.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.

实现明天理想的惟一障碍是今天的疑虑。

9.High expectation are the key to every thing.

远大理想是开启万物的钥匙。

10.The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.

人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。

11.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。

12.Life is not all beer and skittles.

人生并不全是吃喝玩乐。

13.Don’t part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live.

不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但虽生犹死

14.No man or woman who tries to pursue an ideal in his or her own way is without enemies.

凡按自己的方式追求理想者，无不树敌。

15.How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives.

我们怎样打发日子，当然，也就是我们怎样度过这一生。

16.If you doubt yourself, then indeed you stand on shaky ground. (Ibsen, Norwegian dramatist )

如果你怀疑自己，那么你的立足点确实不稳固了。 (挪威剧作家 易卜生)

17.If you would go up high, then use your own legs ! Do not let yourselves carried aloft; do not seat yourselves on other people’s backs and heads. (F. W. Nietzsche, German Philosopher)

如果你想走到高处，就要使用自己的两条腿!不要让别人把你抬到高处;不要坐在别人的背上和头上。(德国哲学家 尼采. F. W.)

18.It is at our mother’s knee that we acquire our noblest and truest and highest, but there is seldom any money in them. ( Mark Twain, American writer )

就是在我们母亲的膝上，我们获得了我们的最高尚、最真诚和最远大的理想，但是里面很少有任何金钱。(美国作家 马克·吐温)

19.The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully 19 have been kindness, beauty and truth.(Albert Einstein, American scientist)

有些理想曾为我们引过道路，并不断给我新的勇气以欣然面对人生，那些理想就是--真、善、美。 (美国科学家 爱因斯坦. A.)

20.The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. (Johan Wolfgang von Goethe, German Poet and dramatist)

人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。(德国诗人、戏剧家 歌德. J. M.)

21.If winter comes, can spring be far behind ?( P. B. Shelley, British poet )

冬天来了，春天还会远吗?( 英国诗人, 雪莱. P. B.)

22.The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds. (Mark Twain, American writer)

具有新想法的人在其想法实现之前是个怪人。 (美国作家 马克·吐温)

23.When an end is lawful and obligatory, the indispensable means to is are also lawful and obligatory. (Abraham Lincoln, American statesman)

如果一个目的是正当而必须做的，则达到这个目的的必要手段也是正当而必须采取的。(美国政治家 林肯. A.)

24.The dream is a kind of desire, think it is a kind of action. Dream is the dream and want to crystallization.梦是一种欲望，想是一种行动。梦想是梦与想的结晶。

25.A realization of dream, is a successful person.一个实现梦想的人，就是一个成功的人。

26.Dream no matter how vague, the total hidden in our hearts, our feelings never be quiet, until the dream become a reality.梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底，使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实。

27.Dream is the soul, is our secret truth ( Truman Capote )梦是心灵的思想，是我们的秘密真情(杜鲁门·卡波特)

28.Once the dream into action, will become sacred (, Ann Procter )梦想一旦被付诸行动，就会变得神圣(阿·安·普罗克特)

29.The dreamer is afraid of Destiny ( Thomas Phillips )梦想家的缺点是害怕命运(斯·菲利普斯)

30.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams. (J. Barrymore) 只要一个人还有追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想，一个人才算老。(巴里摩尔)

31.If you would go up high , then use your own legs! Do not let yourselves carried aloft; do not seat yourselves on other people’s backs and heads . (F. W . Nietzsche , German Philosopher) 如果你想走到高处，就要使用自己的两条腿!不要让别人把你抬到高处;不要坐在别人的背上和头上。(德国哲学家 尼采. F. W.)

32.Have an aim in life, or your energies will be wasted.没有目标的一生注定碌碌无为，确定一个目标吧。——R.Peters