胸有成竹出自历史故事的成语(热门20篇)

汉武帝时汉廷与匈奴之间常有战事。有一次，匈奴派使者前来求和，并把扣留的汉朝使者放了回来。汉武帝为了回应匈奴的善举，派中郎将苏武拿着旌节，带一干人等出使匈奴，没想到却出了意外。

单（chán）于想逼迫苏武投降，苏武说：“要我投降，除非海枯石烂，日从西升。”他宁死不屈，举刀自刎，经过抢救才幸免于难。苏武随后被单于流放到北海无人区牧羊。苏武一个人在冰天雪地里放羊，万般艰辛。没有粮食，他就挖田鼠藏在洞里的食物充饥；口渴了就抓把雪吞下解渴。唯一和他做伴的就是那根代表朝廷的旌节，日子一久，旌节上的穗子全掉了。

转眼间十几年过去了，这时汉昭帝已继位，匈奴老国王也已驾崩，换了新单于，汉匈议和，汉人和匈奴人通婚。汉昭帝遂派使者前往匈奴，要求放苏武回去，单于谎称苏武已经死去，使者信以为真，就没有再提。当汉昭帝第二次派使者到匈奴时，和苏武一起出使匈奴并被扣留的副使常惠设法买通了禁卒，秘密会见了汉使，把苏武还活着、正在北海牧羊的消息告诉了汉使，并想出一计，让汉使对单于讲：“匈奴既然存心同汉朝和好，就不应该欺骗汉朝。汉朝天子在上林苑打猎时，射到一只大雁，雁足上系着一封写在帛上的信，上面写苏武没死，而是在一个大泽中牧羊，你怎么说他死了呢？”单于听后大为震惊，以为苏武的忠义感动了飞鸟，连鸿雁也替他传送消息了。他无法再抵赖，只能向汉使道歉，把苏武放了回来。

这就是苏武牧羊的故事，随着故事的流传，鸿雁传书也广为人知，并逐渐演化为传信的象征了。

成语跟我们的生活是密不可分的，首先我们说话就会经常说到成语、其次就算是做游戏也有像成语接龙这样的游戏，举个例子守株待兔、兔死狐悲、悲痛欲绝等等。中华成语千千万，我最近通读了一本叫《成语故事》的书，受益匪浅。

《成语故事》这本是顾名思义就是由许许多多成语故事组成的，给我印象深刻的就有几个，如掩耳盗铃、老马识途、亡羊补牢等。我觉得真正能让人理解意思悟出道理的又通俗易懂的应该是它们几个。

“掩耳盗铃”从表面意思来看，应该是捂着耳朵去偷铃铛。他讲了一个人去偷一个大户人家的铃铛，他以为把自己的耳朵捂住，别人就不会听见，他真是太笨了。可是在我们面对许多没有做好的事情的时候，我们常会本能的选择逃避，选择隐瞒，但“自欺欺人”是不对的，这会让我们养成撒谎的习惯。久而久之，我们就会成为一个坏孩子。

“亡羊补牢”讲的是，一个人他一天丢了一只羊，这只羊被狼吃了，他却没有把羊圈修好，第二天他又丢了羊，这才把羊圈修好。这则故事告诉我们，看到了自己的错误，就马上改正，不要知

错不改，并且还要听从别人的建议，并立刻改正。

快乐的成语故事的遨游就到此结束了，我希望大家成为有理想，有抱负的人，而不是去做那个“掩耳盗铃”的人，“亡羊补牢”的人。

【注音】guǎn bào fēn jīn

【出处】管仲曰：‘吾始困时，尝与鲍叔贾，分财利多自与，鲍叔不以我为贪，知我贫也’ 《史记·管晏列传》

【解释】管：管仲；鲍：鲍叔牙，战国时齐国的名相；金：钱财。比喻情谊深厚，相知相悉。

【用法】作宾语、定语；指人情意深

【近义词】管鲍之交

【韵词】姜桂余辛、竹柏异心、镜破钗分、将心比心、妆点一新、一片丹心、断发文身、改过作新、亲上做亲、苦乐不均、......

【成语故事】春秋时期，齐国的管仲与鲍叔牙关系特别好，他们年轻时候经常合伙做生意，鲍叔牙总是多出本钱而少分利，他知道管仲家贫，乐意帮助贫寒的管仲。小白执政齐国后，鲍叔牙把相国的位子让给管仲，管仲说：“知我者鲍子也。”

【成语示例】两公交谊，至于如此，世人艳称管鲍分金，不足齿冷耶？（清·夏敬渠《野叟曝言》第一百四十六回）

[成语拼音]    máng cì zài bèi

[成语解释]    芒刺：细刺。象有芒和刺扎在背上一样。形容内心惶恐，坐立不安。

[典故出处]    《汉书·霍光传》：“宣帝始立，谒见高庙，大将军光从骖乘，上内严惮之，若有芒刺在背。”

成语故事

公元前87年汉武帝死后，他年仅8岁的小儿子刘弗陵即位。史称汉昭帝。按照武帝的遗诏，由大司马大将军霍光、御史大夫桑弘羊等辅政，掌握朝廷军政大权：昭帝的寿命不长，21岁就死了。他没有儿子，于是霍光把武帝的孙子刘贺立为皇帝。后来，霍光发现刘贺生活放荡不堪，整天寻欢作乐，经与大臣们商量，把刘贺废掉，另立武帝的曾孙刘询为帝。这就是汉宣帝。不过刘询也非常清楚，霍光的权势很大，自己的生死存废完全决定于他，因此对他很害怕。刘询即位后做的一件大事，就是去谒见祖庙。到了那一天，宣帝乘坐一辆装饰华丽的马车，霍光就坐在马车一侧陪侍，皇帝见霍光身材高大，脸容严峻，不由自主地觉得非常畏惧，惶恐不安，就像有芒刺在背上那样难受。此后，宣帝见到霍光，总是小心翼翼。公元前68年霍光病死，乘车时再也没有他陪侍，宣帝才感到无拘元束，行动自由了。

【拼音】èr táo shā sān shì

【出处】《宴子春秋·谏下二十四》

【解释】将两个桃子赐给三个壮士，三壮士因相争而死。比喻借刀杀人。

【用法】作宾语、定语、分句；比喻借刀杀人

【结构】主谓式

【近义词】借刀杀人、二桃三士

【同韵词】挈瓶小智、无微不至、瓜分鼎峙、千金一掷、并无二致、誓以皦日、脸红耳赤、曾子杀彘、三朝五日、横三顺四、......

【年代】古代

【成语故事】春秋时期，齐国有三个勇士公孙接、田开疆、古冶子，他们居功自傲，蛮不讲理，相国晏婴担心他们会闹事而影响国家安危，建议齐景公赐两个桃子让他们三人论功而食，结果他们有勇无谋，因争吃桃子纷纷自杀身亡

【示例】二桃杀三士，讵假剑如霜。唐·李白《惧谗》诗

In the song Dynasty (960-1279),there was a scholar whose name was Wen Tong and who styled himself Yuke. He was not only admired by others for his great learning, but also enjoyed widespread renown for his bamboo drawing. Every day there were always quite a few peoply who called at his house to ask for one of his bamboo drawings.

北宋画家文同，字与可。他画的竹子远近闻名，每天总有不少人登门求画。文同画竹的妙诀在哪里呢？

Actually, Wen Tong loved bamboos so much that he had grown various bamboos everywhere around his house. No matter what season it was and no matter whether it was sunny or rainy, he used to go to the bamboo forest to observe how they were growing. He pondered over the lenght and breadth of the bamboo poles as well as the shapes and colours of the leaves. Whenever he had gained a new understanding, he went back to his study, spread a piece of paper and prepareed some ink by rubbing an ink stick on an ink slab, and drew what was in his mind on the paper. Through accumulation over a long period of time, the images of the bamboo in different seasons, under different weather conditions and at different moments were deeply imprinted in his mind.So whenever he stood before the paper and picked up a painting brush with concentrated attention, the various forms of the bamboo which he had observed at ordinary times at once rose before his eyes. And so every time he was drawing bamboos he appeared confident and at ease, and all the bamboos he had painted were very vivid and true to lift.

原来，文同在自己家的房前屋后种上各种样的竹子，无论春夏秋冬，阴睛风雨，他经常去竹林观察竹子的生长变化情况，琢磨竹枝的长短粗细，叶子的形态、颜色，每当有新的感受就回到书房，铺纸研墨，把心中的印象画在纸上。目积月累，竹子在不同季节、不同天气、不同时辰的形象都深深地印在他的心中，只要凝神提笔，在画纸前一站，平日观察到的各种形态的竹子立刻浮现在眼前。所以每次画竹，他都显得非常从容自信，画出的竹子，无不逼真传神。

When people spoke highly of his paintings, he always said modestly that he had just put the images of the bamboo imprinted in his mind on the paper.

当人们夸奖他的画时，他总是谦虚地说：“我只是把心中琢磨成熟的竹子画下来罢了。”

A young man wanted to learn bamboo drawing; when he knew that Chao Buzhi had made a profound study of Wen Tongs art of drawing, he went to Chao Buzhi for instruction. Chao Buzhi wrote a poem to him. In the poem, there are the following two lines:

When Yuke was painting the bamboos,

He bad their images ready in his bosom.

有位青年想学画竹，得知诗人晁补之对文同的画很有研究，前往求教。晃补之写了一首诗送给他，其中有两句：“与可画竹，胸中有成竹。”

Later people have summarized the lines as " having had the images of the bamboo ready in ones bosom," which means having had ready plans or designs in ones mind before doing a certain job so that its success is guaranteed. It is also used go mean being calm and cool - headed in dealing with things.

“胸有成竹”，比喻做事之前已作好充分准备，对事情的成功已有了十分的把握；又比喻遇事不慌，十分沉着。

This story comes from an article writted by Su Shi concerning Wen Yukes art of bamboo drawing.

延伸阅读：

指鹿为马－中国成语故事中英对照

Calling a Stag a Horse 指鹿为马

In the reign of Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), the prime minister Zhao Gao, obsessed with ambitions, was planning to usurp the throne day and night. But he did not know how many of the ministers in the court were allowed to be ordered about by him and how many of them were his opponents. So he thought out a way to test how high his prestige among the ministers was and also to find out who dared to oppose him.

秦二世时，丞相赵高野心勃勃，日夜盘算着要篡夺皇位。可朝中大臣有多少人能听他摆布，有多少人反对他，他心中没底。于是，他想了一个办法，准备试一试自己的威信，同时也可以摸清敢于反对他的人。

One day when court was held, Zhao Gao let someone bring a stag to the court and, with a broad smile on his face, he said to Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty:"Your Majesty, here is a fine horse Im presenting to you." Looking at the animal, Emperor the Second thought that it was obviously a stag and that it couldnt be a horse. So he said smilingly to Zhao Gao:"Mister Prime Minister, you are wrong. This is a stay. Why do you say it is a horse?" Remaining calm, Zhao Gao said:"Will your Majesty please see more clearly? This really is a horse that covers a thousand li a day." Filled with suspicion, Emperor the Second looked at the stag again and said:"How can the antlers be grown on the head of a horse?" Turning around and pointing his finger at the ministers, Zhao Gao said in a loud voice:"if our Majesty do not believe me, you can ask the ministers."

一天上朝时，赵高让人牵来一只鹿，满脸堆笑地对秦二世说：“陛下，我献给您一匹好马。”秦二世一看，心想：这哪里是马，这分明是一只鹿嘛！便笑着对赵高说：“丞相搞错了，这里一只鹿，你怎么说是马呢？”赵高面不改色心不跳地说：“请陛下看清楚，这的确是一匹千里马。”秦二世又看了看那只鹿，将信将疑地说：“马的头上怎么会长角呢？”赵高一转身，用手指着众大臣，大声说：“陛下如果不信我的话，可以问问众位大臣。”

The nonsense of Zhao Gao made the ministers totally at a lose, and they whispered to themselves: What tricks was Zhao Gao playing? Was it not obvious whether it was a stag or a horse? But when they saw the sinister smile on Zhao Gaos face and his two rolling eyes which were gazing at each of them, they suddenly understood his evil intentions.

大臣们都被赵高的一派胡言搞得不知所措，私下里嘀咕：这个赵高搞什么名堂？是鹿是马这不是明摆着吗！当看到赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着每个人的时候，大臣们忽然明白了他的用意。

Some of the ministers who were timid and yet had a sense of right eousness did not dare to say anything, because to tell lies would make their conscience uneasy and to tell the truth would mean that they would be persecuted by Zhao Gao later. Some ministers with a sense of justice persisted that it was a stag and not a horse. There were still some crafty and fawning ministers who followed Zhao Gao closely in ordinary times. They immediately voiced their support to Zhao Gao, saying to the emperor:"This really in a horse that covers a thousand li a day."

一些胆小又有正义感的人都低下头，不敢说话，因为说假话，对不起自己的良心，说真话又怕日后被赵高所害。有些正直的人，坚持认为是说明书而不是马。还有一些平时就紧跟赵高的奸佞之人立刻表示拥护赵高的说法，对皇上说，“这确是一匹千里马！”

After the event, Zhao Gao punished by various means those ministers with a sense of justice who were not obedient to him, even with whole families of some of those ministers executed.

事后，赵高通过各种手段把那些不顺从自己的正直大臣纷纷治罪，甚至满门抄斩。

This story appears in "The Life of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty" in The Historical Records written by Sima Qian. From this story people have derived the set phrase "calling a stag a horse" to mean deliberately misrepresenting some thing and misleading the public.

故事出自《史记·秦始皇本纪》。成语“指鹿为马”比喻故意颠倒是非，混淆黑白。

枕戈待旦－中国成语故事中英对照

In the Western Jin Dynasty there were two young men.One of them was Zu Ti and the other was Liu Kun.Both of them were men of ideals and integrity who were chivalrous and of a sanguine disposition.They not only wrote excellent articles but also were fond of practising martial arts to keep fit, in order to render meritorious service to the country.Both of them were chief clerks responsible for document administration in Luoyang.Although in appearance the Jin Dynasty had jurisdiction of the Central Plains comprising the middle and lower reaches of the Haunch and threatened by foreign invasion.Zu Ti and Liu Kun often talked about the countrys situation till late into the night,and each time they talking very excitedly again.

西晋人祖逖和刘琨，都是性格开朗、仗义好侠的志士。年轻时不但文章写得好，而且都喜欢练武健身，决心报效祖国。当时，晋朝表面上还管辖着中原大地，但实际上已是内忧外患，风雨飘摇了。祖逖和刘琨一谈起国家局势，总是慷慨万分，常常聊到深夜。

Liu Kun fell asleep without knowing it,but Zu Ti was too excited to fall asleep." Cock-a-doodle-doo,"came the crow of rooster in the wasteland.Zu Ti jumped up and kicked Liu Kun awake:"Listen.How inspiring the roosters crow is.Lets get up and practised on a slope.From then on,they kept practising sword playing vigorously and energetically in the wasteland every day when they heard the first crow in the morning.

一天，祖逖又和刘琨谈得十分兴奋，刘琨不知什么时候睡着了，祖逖却久久沉浸在谈话的兴奋之中，不能入睡。“喔，喔，喔－－”荒原上的雄鸡叫了起来，祖逖一跃而起，踢醒了刘琨：“听，这雄鸡啼鸣多么振奋人心呀，快起来练剑吧！”于是，两人操起剑来，在高坡上对舞。从此，他俩每天清早听到头一声鸣叫，一定来到荒原上抖擞神练起剑来。

Deeply moved by Zu Tis patriotic passion,Liu Kun was determined to devote himself to his homeland.Once he wrote to his family:"At the time when the country is in dire peril,I am resolved to dedicate myselt to the service of my country.I often fear that I might lag behind Zu Ti in rendering service to the country,and,in fact,I am behind him..."

刘琨被祖逖的爱国热情深深感动，决心献身于祖。一次他给家人的信中写道：“在国家危难时刻，我经常‘枕戈待旦’（枕着兵器睡觉一直到天明），立志报国，常担心落在祖逖后边，不想他到底走到我的前头了！……”

The words" sleep with my head pillowed on a spear,waiting for the day to break"vividly described Liu Kuns determination to dedicate himself to the service of the country and to fight the enemy at any time.Later,this set phrase is used to mean maintaining sharp vigilance and being ready to fight at any time."

故事出自《晋书·祖逖传》。“枕戈待旦”出自刘琨《与亲故书》，形象地写出了刘琨随时准备杀敌报国的决心。后来用作成语，形容时刻警惕敌人，准备作战。

后来居上－中国成语故事中英对照

Ji Anlived at the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D.24). He was respected for being upright and just and for daring to speak the truth. He did not bother about amall matters in personal behaviour and in being an official. He was particular about actual effects and ,although he did not cause a stir ,he could keep the prefecture he governed in perfect order. Because of this. the imperial court transferred him to the central government from being the perfect of the Donghai Prefecture to being a commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officals.

汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉——一种主管地方吏任免的官职。

Once,Emperor Wudi said that he would implement the policy of benevolence and justice of Confucianism and would do good turns to the people.Emperor Wudi Had hardly finished his remards when Ji An said that there was no need for the emperor to say so.Why should the emperor bother,Ji An said, about pretending to implement the policy of benevolence and justice since he was so greedy and avaricious within himself? This choked the emperor off. The emperor suddenly Changed his countenance and declared the meeting over. All the civilian and military officers at court were breathless with anxiety for fear that Ji An might bring disaster upon himself because of this. After returning, Emperor Wudi said to the people around him that Ji An was a little too rude and too straightforward.

有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。

For this reason ,Ji An was never promoted again. When he was the commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officials, both Gongsun Hong and Zhang Tang were low -ranking lfficials of little importance. Later ,they were promoted continuously. Gongsun Hong became the prime minister and Zhang Tang became the imperial censor. However, JiAns post remained thesame. One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wudi that the way the emperor used his ministers was just like piling up firewood, which meant that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers. Of course, Emperor Wudi could see that Ji An was complaining. So,turning to his ministers, Emperor Wudi said, "It is true that no one can stop learning.You see, Ji An is making more and more indiscreet remarks."

从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：“人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！”

This story comes from The Historical Records. Later generations use the set phrase "the latecomers surpass the old-timers "to indicate that successors can cxcel the predecessors, which is quite different from the original idea when Ji An said that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers.

故事出自《史记·汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。

洛阳纸贵－中国成语故事中英对照

In the Jin Dynasty (265-420) there was a famous writer whose name was Zuo Si who, however, was very naughty and did not like to study when he was a small kid.His father often got angry, and yet young Zuo Si was as naughty as ever and would not study hard.

晋代文学家左思，小时候是个非常顽皮、不爱读书的孩子。父亲经常为这事发脾气，可是小左思仍然淘气得很，不肯好好学习。

One day, Zuo Sis father was chatting with his friends. his friends envied him his clever and loverly son. Hearing this, Zuo sis father sighed, "Please do not mention him. My son Zuo si does not study as well as I did when I was young, although I did not study well enough myself. It appears that he is actually a good-for-nothing."So saying, he looked disappointed. All this was witnessed by young Zuo Si. He felt very sad, feeling intensely that he would not be able to have a bright future if he did not study hard. So he was determined to study assiduously from then on.

有一天，左思的父亲与朋友们聊天，朋友们羡慕他有个聪明可爱的儿子。左思的父亲叹口气说：“快别提他了，小儿左思的学习，还不如我小时候，看来没有多大的出息了。”说着，脸上流露出失望的神色。这一切都被小左思看到听到了，他非常难过，觉得自己不好好念书确实很没出息。于是，暗暗下定决心，一定要刻苦学习。

Day after day and year after year, Zuo Si gradually grew up. Because of his unremitting afforts in hard study, he became an erudite scholar and wrote very excellent essays. The "Ode to the Capital of the State of Qi", which took him one year to write, showed his brilliant literary talent and laid the foundation for his becoming an outstanding writer. then he planned to write an "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu"with the local conditions and customs as well as the produce of the three capitals as its content. In order to achieve the desired effect in content, structure and language, he applied himself to research work with great concentration, and was so absorbed in creative writing as to forget food and sleep. It took him ten whole years to finish the writing of "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu", a literary masterpiece.

日复一日，年复一年，左思渐渐长大了，由于他坚持不懈地发奋读书，终于成为一位学识渊博的人，文章也写得非常好。他用一年的时间写成了《齐都赋》，显示出他在文学方面的才华，为他成为杰出的文学家奠定了基础。这以后他又计划以三国时魏、蜀、吴首都的风土、人情、物产为内容，撰写《三都赋》。为了在内容、结构、语言诸方面都达到一定水平，他潜心研究，精心撰写，废寝忘食，用了整整十年，文学巨著《三都赋》终于写成了。

The "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu"was well received by the broad masses of readers after it made its appearance to the public, and people considered it as superbly written as the "Ode to the Western Capital (Changan) and to the Eastern Capital (Luoyang)"written by Ban Gu (32-92) and the "Ode to the Western Capital and to the Eastern Capital"written by Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to A.D.220). As the art of printing had not been invented at that time, people who were fond of this "Ode"had to make handwritten copies of it themselves. As there were so many people who vied with each other in making handwritten copies, the supply of writing paper fell short of the demand in Luoyang went up greatly.

《三都赋》受到谅也评，人们把它和汉代文学杰作《两都赋》相比。由于当时还没有发明印刷术，喜爱《三都赋》的人只能争相抄阅，因为抄写的人太多，京城洛阳的纸张供不应求，一时间全城纸价大幅度上升。

This story comes from "The life of Zuo Si"in the book "Literary Field"of The History of the Jin Dynasty. Based on this story, people have coined the set phrase "the price of writing paper went up greatly", meaning the overwhelming popularity of a new work causes shortage of printing paper, to show how popular an outstanding piece of literary work is.

故事出自《晋书·文苑·左思传》。成语“洛阳纸贵”，称颂杰出的作品风行一进。

嗟来之食 中国成语故事中英对照

food handed out in contempt嗟来之食

【成语来源】

One year during the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期,770-476 BC), there was a the Qi State (齐国) was severely strickend by a famine.

春秋时代，有一年齐国发生大饥荒。

Qian Ao (qián ào 黔敖), a very rich but arrogant man took the occasion to showcase his generosity through preparing food by the roadside and giving it to the passing refugees in charity.

有一位叫做黔敖有钱贵族，在街边准备食物分发给来往的难民，以显示自己的慷慨。

A man with shabby clothes happened to walk by with his shoes trailing along, he was so hungry as not to open his eyes.

有一个饥民，用衣袖蒙着脸，拖着鞋，饿得眼睛都睁不开的样子，慢慢地走过来。

Seeing the poor man, Qian Ao held the food by left hand and the drink by right hand, and shouted at him,"Hi, come to eat !”

黔敖见了，就左手拿着吃的，右手捧着喝的，向他喊道：“喂，来吃吧！”

Hearing the word, the man glared his eyes and said, “It is because I am not willing to eat the food handed out in contempt that I have been famished to such a degree. "

那人一听这话，立即瞪着眼睛，说道：“我就是因为不吃‘嗟来之食，才饿到这般地步的。"

Though Qian Ao made an apology to him for that, the man still resolutely refused to eat the food and thus he died of hunger in the end.

尽管黔敖向他道歉，那人仍然坚决不吃，终于饿死了。

This set phrase now extensively denotes the disrespectful aims. This story means that a person who has a strong sense of self-respect would rather die of hunger than be despised.

此故事讲的是一个怀有强烈自尊心的人，宁可饿死也不肯接受人轻视。现在这个成语泛指带有侮辱性的施舍。

【文化链接】

中文中“嗟来之食”的意思就是“带有侮辱性的施舍”，英语直译就是“something handed out in contempt”，那如果是“主动去乞求帮助或是施舍”的话，英语该如何表达呢？

英文中常用惯语有“come hat in hand”，也就是是乞求或请求别人“施舍”，求人给一些原本不属于你的东西，源自英国民俗，根据当时英国的民间习俗，当一个人穷困潦倒、无以为生时，就可以手持帽子，低声下气地向别人乞讨，以获取他人的同情，这是一种非常丢脸的行为，所以一般人除非迫不得已，否则是不会这样做的。

所以，come hat in hand 常用来比喻“走投无路”、“穷困潦倒”、“有求于人”。

例如： Retired workers need not come hat in hand to ask for supplementary allowance. （退休工人就不必卑躬屈膝地请求追加补助费了。）

这周我认真阅读完了《成语故事》，这本书把成语分成了三类，分别是：为人处事篇、坚强意志篇、求学求知篇。各类成语分别从不同角度讲述了很多道理。

如：拔苗助长，这个成语就告诉我们做任何事情不能理想化，要切合实际，更不能违背自然规律办事。我的感悟是学习不能一蹴而就，要循序渐进，通过不断积累新知识，才能取得好成绩。

玩物丧志，这个成语就告诉我们做游戏、看电视等等非主要事情，都不能过于沉迷其中，迷失方向，从而忘记了自己的志向，忘记自己本应该做的事，时间久了将变成废人。这个成语故事对我最大的警示是，我不能废寝忘食地看动画片。我很喜欢看《变形金刚》、《喜羊羊》等动画片，我一看到这些动画片，经常连饭都忘了吃，后来饭凉了也就不吃了，为看动画片，也不少挨骂。看了这个成语故事，我感觉到古人很早就知道的道理，我现在还没明白，我要赶紧改正，在不能“玩物丧志”了。

通过阅读《成语故事》我不仅知道很多成语的意思和应用，更让我受到了教育，知道了一些做人做事的道理，给我以后的学习带来很多的帮助，我很喜欢这本书。

【释义】负：背着;荆：荆条;古时用来抽打犯人的刑具。背着荆条向对方请罪。表示主动向人认错赔罪;请求责罚。

【语出】《史记.廉颇蔺相如列传》记载;赵国大将廉颇与上卿蔺相如不和;蔺相如为了国家利益处处表示退让。“廉颇闻之;肉袒负荆;因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪。曰：鄙贱之人;不知将军宽之至此也。’”

【人物】战国时期，蔺相如(今河北曲阳人，一说山西临汾人)“完璧归”有功，又在渑池秦王与赵王相会维护了赵王的尊严，被提升为上卿，位在廉颇(山西太原人，一说山西平遥人)之上。廉颇对此不服。蔺相如知道后，就有意不与廉颇会面。别人以为蔺相如害怕廉颇，廉颇为此很得意。“我哪里会怕廉将军?不过，现在秦国倒是有点怕我们赵国，这主要是因为有廉将军和我两个人在。如果我跟他互相攻击，那只能对秦国有益。我之所以避开廉将军，是以国事为重，把私人的恩怨丢一边儿了!”蔺相如这话传到了廉颇耳朵里，廉颇十分感动，便光着上身，背负荆杖，来到蔺相如家请罪。他羞愧地对商相如说：“我真是一个糊涂人，想不到你能这样地宽宏大量!”两个人终于结成誓同生死的朋友。

狗急跳墙比喻走投无路时不顾一切地采取极端的行动，如下小编就为大家收集了狗急跳墙成语故事，欢迎阅读！

狗急跳墙

gǒu jí tiào qiáng

成语解释：狗急了；能跳墙。比喻走投无路时；不顾一切、不择手段地蛮干捣乱。

成语出处：《敦煌变文集 燕子赋》：“人急烧香，狗急蓦墙。” 911cha.com

成语简拼：GJTQ

成语注音：ㄍㄡˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄧㄠˋ ㄑㄧㄤˊ

常用程度：常用成语

成语字数：四字成语

感情色彩：贬义成语

成语用法：狗急跳墙主谓式；作谓语、含贬义。

成语结构：紧缩式成语

成语年代：近代成语

成语辨析：狗急跳墙和“垂死挣扎”；都含有“不顾一切地进行抵抗”的意思。但狗急跳墙强调被逼得走投无路时；“垂死挣扎”强调是在临近死亡时。

近义词：困兽犹斗、孤注一掷、铤而走险

成语例子：今儿我听了他的短儿，“人急造反，狗急跳墙”，不但生事，而且我还没趣。（清 曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二十二回）

英语翻译：Desperation drives a dog to jump over a wall.

日语翻译：穷鼠(きゅうそ)猫(ねこ)をかむ

俄语翻译：в крáйности собáка бросáется на стéну

其他翻译：ein gehetzter Hund springt über die Mauer

狗急跳墙成语故事

元代歌妓顺时秀天资聪敏，色艺超群，翰林学士王元鼎十分喜欢她。中书参政阿鲁温也想插一手，借机调戏她，问她他与王元鼎的差异。顺时秀说：你是宰相，治理国家，辅佐君王，他不如你。可惜玉怜香方面，你不如王学士。

游手好闲的狗剩，溜达到村子最东头老赵家院外。老赵一家前几天进城走亲戚，还没回来。狗剩眼珠一转，见四下无人，纵身爬上墙头，朝院里一瞧，果然静悄悄的，那条看家的大黄狗正趴在窝里睡觉。这真是个好机会!狗剩轻轻一跃就跳进了院内。

小和尚一看这下可怎么办呢?师傅交代的事情，因为自己不小心给耽搁了，连忙努力地去扫院子里的花种，这时天上下起了瓢泼大雨，小和尚连忙跑回了屋内，哭着说，自己的不小心把花种全撒了，然而老方丈微笑着说道“随安”。冬去春来，一天清晨，小和尚突然发现院子里开满了各种各样的鲜花，他蹦蹦跳跳地告诉师傅，老方丈这时说道“随喜”。

都说老赵是村里有名的马大哈，狗剩绕着房子转了转，果然发现西屋前窗没有上锁，他一阵窃喜。可这扇窗离狗窝最近，狗剩只好轻手轻脚地推着窗子，眼看就要推开一人宽了，大黄狗突然叫了起来，狗剩转身抄起房前的一根木棒，冲过去就朝狗的脑袋打了一棒，狗立刻倒了下去，嘴里发出几声“呜呜”的叫声后就没了声响。狗剩冷笑一声：“给你留条狗命!”

隔壁院里突然传来几声响亮的狗叫，狗剩吓得够呛，忙蹲在一口大水缸后面，大气都不敢出。接着，隔壁传来一个男人的呵斥声：“别乱叫!”然后，四周恢复了平静。

狗剩长出一口气，从窗子跳进屋内，翻了老半天，只找到几块钱，很郁闷，可又不能空手而归，就把眼睛瞄向衣柜里一件女式裘皮大衣，心想，这个屋里值钱又方便带走的也就这个了，于是拽下来卷成一团，又抓过一块床单把它包起来。

从窗子跳出来，大黄狗还趴在地上昏迷着，狗剩把窗子拉上，把包往肩膀上一甩，刚想翻墙而出，冷不防回头一看，隔壁墙头突然露出一条大黄狗的脑袋，正目光炯炯地盯着他。狗剩吓得“妈呀”一声，赶紧往墙上蹿，结果由于紧张，一下子摔了下来，大黄狗此刻正狂叫着跳过墙来，冲着狗剩的屁股狠咬一口，狗剩惨叫一声。大黄狗不依不饶，又在他大腿上咬了一口，狗剩发出杀猪般的号叫。

这时，隔壁的老张也翻墙跳了过来，他喝住大黄狗，斥责道：“真是狗改不了吃屎!”狗剩哭丧着脸，喘着粗气，指着大黄狗，说：“你家这狗怎么会跳墙，还这么凶，哎哟!疼死我了!”

老张“哼”了一声：“这就叫狗急跳墙!”又指了指被打昏的狗，“我家的狗就是它生的，你把它打成这样，我家的狗还能不跳过来咬你?母子连心啊……”

念念有词 念念：连续不断地念叨;有词：有像歌诀一样的词语。旧指和尚念经，现指低声自语或含糊不清地说个不停

【拼音】：wú zú qīng zhng

【解释】：足：足以。没有它并不轻些，有它也并不重些。指无关紧要。

【出处】：明·沈德符《万历野获编·京考官劾》："王文成后日功名不必言，即扬廉亦至南礼部尚书，谥文恪，则言官白简，亦未足轻重也。"

【例子】：这次清算对蒋殿人来说真可谓牛身失毛。冯德英《迎春花》第四章

【反义词】：举足轻重

【近义词】：无关宏旨、无关大局、无关紧要

【歇后语】：鸡尿湿柴；一斗谷子添一粒

【语法】：作谓语、定语；用于人、事、物

【英文】：insignificant

【日文】：とるに足（た）りない，重大視（ゅうだいし）るに及（およ）ない

【德文】：kein Gewicht haben

成语中有许多名人的故事，有时，这些成语可以在阅读和习作起到很大的作用，下面是小编整理的成语中名人故事大全，欢迎来参考!

【草木皆兵】

东晋时代，秦王苻坚控制了北部中国。公元383年，苻坚率领步兵、骑兵90万，攻打江南的晋朝。晋军大将谢石、谢玄领兵8万前去抵抗。苻坚得知晋军兵力不足，就想以多胜少，抓住机会，迅速出击。

谁料，苻坚的先锋部队25万在寿春一带被晋军出奇击败，损失惨重，大将被杀，士兵死伤万余。秦军的锐气大挫，军心动摇，士兵惊恐万状，纷纷逃跑。此时，苻坚在寿春城上望见晋军队伍严整，士气高昂，再北望八公山，只见山上一草一木都像晋军的士兵一样。苻坚回过头对弟弟说：“这是多么强大的敌人啊！怎样能说晋军兵力不足呢？”他后悔自我过于轻敌了。

出师不利给苻坚心头蒙上了不祥的阴影，他令部队靠淝水北岸布阵，企图凭借地理优势扭转战局。这时晋军将领谢玄提出要求，要秦军稍往后退，让出一点地方，以便渡河作战。苻坚暗笑晋军将领不懂作战常识，想利用晋军忙于渡河难于作战之机，给它来个突然袭击，于是欣然理解了晋军的请求。

谁知，后退的军令一下，秦军如潮水一般溃不成军，而晋军则趁势渡河追击，把秦军杀得丢盔弃甲，尸横遍地。苻坚中箭而逃。

【势如破竹】

三国末年，晋武帝司马炎灭掉蜀国，夺取魏国政权以后，准备出兵攻打东吴，实现统一全中国的愿望。他召集文武大臣们商量灭大计。多数人认为，吴国还有必须实力，一举消灭它恐怕不易，不如有了足够的准备再说。

大将杜预不一样意多数人的看法，写了一道奏章给晋武帝。杜预认为，务必趁目前昊国衰弱，忙灭掉它，不然等它有了实力就很难打败它了。司马炎看了杜预的奏章，找自我的最信任的大臣张华征求意见。张华很同意杜预的分析，也劝司马炎快快攻打吴国，以免留下后患。于是司马炎就下了决心，任命杜预作征南大将军。公元279年，晋武帝司马炎调动了二十多万兵马，分成六路水陆并进，攻打吴国，一路战鼓齐鸣，战旗飘扬，战士威武雄壮。第二年就攻占了江陵，斩了吴国一员大将，率领军队乘胜追击。在沅江、湘江以南的吴军听到风声吓破了胆，纷纷打开城门投降。司马炎下令让杜预从小路向吴国国都建业进发。此时，有人担心长江水势暴涨，不如暂收兵等到冬天进攻更有利。杜预坚决反对退兵，他说：“此刻趁士气高涨，斗志正旺，取得一个又一个胜利，势如破竹（像用快刀劈竹子一样，劈过几节后竹子就迎刃破裂），一举攻击吴国不会再费多大力气了！” 晋朝大军在杜预率领下，直冲向吴都建业，不久就攻占建业灭了吴国。晋武帝统一了全国。

【如火如荼】

春秋时代末期，吴国国王夫差连续征服了越国、鲁国和齐国，雄心勃勃，又继续向西北进军，打算一鼓作气征服晋国。

可正在这个时候，越王勾践抄了吴王的后路。他带领军队一向打到吴国的国都姑苏（苏州），又派人马占据淮河，把吴王的退路切断了。

这消息给吴王夫差当头泼了一盆冷水，他十分震惊，立即召集文臣武将商量对策。大家说，此刻退回去等于两关打了败仗，还会两头挨打；如果能打败晋国，就等于在诸候国中当定了霸主，再回去收拾越王勾践也不算晚。

大主意已经拿定，当务之急是尽快征服晋国。思考再三，决定出奇制胜。

一天傍晚，吴王下达了命令。全军将士吃得饱饱的，马也喂足了草料。从全军中挑出三万精兵强将。每一万人摆成一个方阵，共摆三个方阵。每个方阵横竖都是一百人。每一行排头的都是军官司。每十行，也就是一千人，由一个大夫负责。每项一个方阵由一名将军率领。中间的方阵白盔白甲，白衣服，白旗帜，白弓箭，由吴王自我掌握，称为中军；左边的方阵，红盔红甲、红衣服、红简直就像深不可测；右边的方阵则一水儿黑色。半夜出发，黎明时分到达离晋军仅有一里路的地方。天色刚刚显出亮色，吴军鼓声大作，欢呼之声震天动工地。

晋军从梦中醒来，一看吴军那三个方阵和声威气势，简直都惊呆了：那白色方阵，“望之如荼”——像开满白花的茅草地；那红色方阵，“望之如火”——如像熊熊燃烧的火焰；而那黑色的方阵，简直就象深不可测的大海。

【退避三舍】

春秋时候，晋献公听信谗言，杀了太子申生，又派人捉拿申生的弟弟重耳。重耳闻讯，逃出了晋国，在外流忘十几年。

经过千幸万苦，重耳来到楚国。楚成王认为重耳日后必有大作为，就以国群之礼相迎，待他如上宾。

一天，楚王设宴招待重耳，两人饮洒叙话，气氛十分融洽。忽然楚王问重耳：“你若有一天回晋国当上国君，该怎样报答我呢？”重耳略一思索说：“美女待从、珍宝丝绸，大王您有的是，珍禽羽毛，象牙兽皮，更是楚地的盛产，晋国哪有什么珍奇物品献给大王呢？”楚王说：“公子过谦了。话虽然这么说，可总该对我有所表示吧？”重耳笑笑回答道：“要是托您的福。果真能回国当政的话，我愿与贵国友好。假如有一天，晋楚国之间发生战争，我必须命令军队先退避三舍（一舍等于三十里），如果还不能得到您的原谅，我再与您交战。”

四年后，重耳真的回到晋国当了国君，就是历史上有名的晋文公。晋国在他的治理下日益强大。

公元前633年，楚国和晋国的军队在作战时相遇。晋文公为了实现他许下的诺言，下令军队后退九十里，驻扎在城濮。楚军见晋军后退，以为对方害怕了，立刻追击。晋军利用楚军骄傲轻敌的弱点，集中兵力，大破楚军，取得了城濮之战的胜利。

【一夫当关】故事：《史记》载：公元前207年刘邦入咸阳，“守函谷关，项羽至，不得入。”函谷关“一夫当关，万夫莫开”之形势，由此可见。古代，还有几个与函谷关有联系的成语故事。

【围魏救赵】公元前353年，魏国围攻赵国，齐国派田忌率军救赵。田忌乘魏国空虚而引兵攻魏，魏军回救本国，齐军乘其疲惫，大败魏军，赵国因而解围。

【出奇制胜】战国时期，齐国将领田单用火牛阵出击燕军，使燕军大败。这就是孙子兵法势篇中“凡战者，以奇胜。”

【四面楚歌】

项羽和刘邦原先约定以鸿沟（在今河南荣县境贾鲁河）东西边作为界限，互不侵犯。之后刘邦听从张良和陈平的规劝，觉得就应趁项羽衰弱的时候消灭他，就又和韩信、彭越、刘贾会合兵力追击正在向东开往彭城（即今江苏徐州）的项羽部队。最后布置了几层兵力，把项羽紧紧围在垓下（在今安徽灵璧县东南）。这时，项羽手下的兵士已经很少，粮食又没有了。夜里听见四面围住他的军队都唱起楚地的民歌，不禁十分吃惊地说:“刘邦已经得到了楚地了吗？为什么他的部队里面楚人这么多呢？”说着，心里已丧失了斗志，便从床上爬起来，在营帐里面喝酒；并和他最宠爱的妃子虞姬一同唱歌。唱完，直掉眼泪，在旁的人也十分难过，都觉得抬不起头来。一会儿，项羽骑上马，带了仅剩的八百名骑兵，从南突围逃走。边逃边打，到乌江畔自刎而死。

【退避三舍】

春秋时候，晋献公听信谗言，杀了太子申生，又派人捉拿申生的弟弟重耳。重耳闻讯，逃出了晋国，在外流忘十几年。重耳来到楚国。楚成王认为重耳日后必有大作为，就以国群之礼相迎，待他如上宾。一天，楚王设宴招待重耳，两人饮洒叙话，气氛十分融洽。忽然楚王问重耳：“你若有一天回晋国当上国君，该怎样报答我呢？”重耳略一思索说：“美女待从、珍宝丝绸，大王您有的是，珍禽羽毛，象牙兽皮，更是楚地的盛产，晋国哪有什么珍奇物品献给大王呢？”楚王说：“公子过谦了。话虽然这么说，可总该对我有所表示吧？”重耳笑笑回答道：“要是托您的福。果真能回国当政的话，我愿与贵国友好。假如有一天，晋楚国之间发生战争，我必须命令军队先退避三舍（一舍等于三十里），如果还不能得到您的原谅，我再与您交战。”

四年后，重耳真的回到晋国当了国君，就是历史上有名的晋文公。晋国在他的治理下日益强大。公元前633年，楚国和晋国的军队在作战时相遇。晋文公为了实现他许下的诺言，下令军队后退九十里，驻扎在城濮。楚军见晋军后退，以为对方害怕了，立刻追击。晋军利用楚军骄傲轻敌的弱点，集中兵力，大破楚军，取得了城濮之战的胜利。

【马革裹尸】

东汉马援自南方还军，故人多迎劳他，号称有计谋的孟冀也向他祝贺。马援说："你怎样也同一般人一样呢？方向匈奴、乌桓尚扰北边我想自请击之，男儿当死于边野，以马革裹尸还葬耳，何能卧床上死在儿妇女婢中呢？"见《后汉书·马援传》。后以"马革裹尸"等指为国而战死沙场。清张贷《西湖梦寻·岳王坟》："但恨和一成，国家日削，大丈夫不能以马革裹尸报君父，是为叹耳！”

战无不克：攻战没有不取胜的。形容强大无比，能够战胜一切。

更多精品源自 【拼音】zhǐ gāo qì yáng

【成语故事】战国时期,齐国孟尝君出使楚国,楚王送他珍贵的象床,负责送象床的登徒去游说孟尝君的门人公孙戍,希望能劝止这项差使。公孙戍说动孟尝君不接受这件宝物。孟尝君见他出门时趾高气扬的样子觉得奇怪,原来他得到登徒的一把宝剑。

【典故】举趾高,心不固矣。 《左传·桓公十三年》意气扬扬,甚自得也。 《史记·管晏列传》

【释义】趾高:走路时脚抬得很高;气扬:意气扬扬。走路时脚抬得很高,神气十足。形容骄傲自满,得意忘形的样子。

【用法】作谓语、状语;指人的神态

【相近词】得意忘形、不可一世、目空一切

【反义词】卑躬屈膝、奴颜婢膝、妄自菲薄

【成语造句】

◎ 间接的方法还可以免除一种趾高气扬的学生发生仇恨的危险。

◎ 平时趾高气扬的第三科科长顿时乱了阵脚。

◎ 他们看他这样趾高气扬,很不高兴,就拥上前去抢这根羽毛。

◎ 在封建社会,二德子这类人物,欺软怕硬,见到洋人吓得心惊胆战,对老百姓趾高气扬,百般刁难。

◎ 大家仰首遥望,见鹫在树梢趾高气扬地说话。更多精品源自，趾高气扬

出处：《国语，晋语八》

宣子曰：“吾有卿之名，而无其实，无以从二三子。吾是以忧，子了我何故。”

释义：表示空有虚名，而无实际内容。

故事：一天，晋国的大夫叔向去拜访老朋友韩宣子。韩宣子是当时晋国的六卿之一，职位很高。但他见了叔向，不住地唉声叹气，说自己很穷。不料叔向听他这样说，便站起身拱手向他祝贺。韩宣子不解地问道：“我是有卿的名，而没有卿的实际，无法跟大夫们相比。我正为此犯愁。你为什么要祝贺我呢？”叔向正色道：“我就是因为你贫穷才来道贺的呀！穷，不一定是坏事;你只要回忆一下弈武子三代的遭遇，就可以知道了！“叔向知道韩宣子很清楚奕武子三代的不同遭遇，所以特地提起了这件事。最后他又说：“我看你像弈武子一样贫困，就想到您已经有了他那样的德行，所以才表示祝贺。不然，我只会担心，哪会再向您表示祝贺呢？”韩宣子听了叔向的话，顿时愁云消散，向叔向行礼说：“多谢您对我的指教，要不我连自己将走向灭亡也不知道呢。”

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), prince Zhou Xu of the State of Wei killed his brother and became the new emperor. Zhou Xu was a tyrant. He oppressed his people and indulged in wars of agGREssion. By launching wars, he tried to divert the peoples attention and reduce their discontent with him in order to consolidate his dictatorship.

The Duke of the State of Lu leant about Zhou Xus usurpation of state power and his ambitious plan, he asked a senior official, "What do you think about Zhou Xus move? "The official answered, "He indulges in wars , bringing his people much disaster. He wont get their support. And hes capricious, so few of his close friends follow him. He can never achieve his success. In addition, war is like fire. If one launches wars endlessly without restraint, hell eventually burn himself. "

Sure enough, the people of Wei with the help of the State of Chen overthrew Zhou Xu and killed him in less than a year.

Later, people use it to mean that those who do evil will finally ruin themselves.

春秋时期，卫国的王子州吁杀死了他的哥哥卫桓公，成为了卫国的国君。州吁是个暴君，他压迫百姓，到处侵略别的国家。他想利用战争来分散百姓的注意力，减少人们对他的不满，巩固他的专政。

鲁国的君王知道州吁篡夺了王位，还想吞并其他国家，就问他手下的一名官员："你认为州吁的目的能达到吗？"那位官员说道："州吁到处打仗，给人民来了灾难。人民不会支持他。他这个人又反复无常，身边没有什么亲信。他不可能实现自己的野心。而且，战争就象火。无休止地打仗，最后，火会烧到自己身上。 "

果然，不到一年，卫国人民就在陈国的帮助下推翻了州吁的统治，并处死了他。

后来，人们用这个成语来比喻干害人的勾当，最后受害的还是自己。

【成语名字】忠言谠论

【汉语拼音】zhōng yán dǎng lùn

【近义词】：秉公任直、谠论侃侃、公正廉明

【反义词】：贪赃枉法

【成语出处】宋、孝宗、经进东坡文集序：“故赠太师谥文忠苏轼，忠言谠论，立朝大节，一时廷臣无出其右。”

【成语解释】忠恳正直的言论。

【忠言谠论造句】王主任为人正真，在工作中一贯忠言谠论，是一个人民的公仆。

【忠言谠论的成语故事】

宋朝重文治，皇帝也给好书写序。如宋神宗为司马光《资治通鉴》写序说“ 朕惟君子多识前言往行以畜其德，故能刚健笃实，辉光日新”宋孝宗为《东坡全集》写序说“成一代之文章，必能立天下之大节。立天下之大节，非其气足以高天下者，未之能焉”。窃以为，苏东坡是个全才，尤其是开拓词的境界，贡献最大。诗也酣畅淋漓，文章则行云流水，书法与画画自成一体，但苏东坡作品是天分所致，难以学而及的，表现为文章几乎没有转折，一气呵成，相当流畅，读到前面就知道后面。这样的文章传播效率高，但也不免失去点回味，不如韩愈有趣。

比喻被人利用，替人冒险出力，自己却一无所得。

十七世纪法国作家 拉·封登的预言诗《猴子和猫》中说，一只狡猾的猴子把栗子放在火里烧熟，然后骗猫替它取出来，猫把脚上的毛烧掉了，却吃不到栗子。比喻被别人利用去干冒险事，付出了代价而得不到好处。‘注意’：①“栗”不能写作“粟”（su)，

②不能用于比喻高风险的投资行为。

从前有一只猴子和一只猫看到农家院中正在炒栗子，猴子馋得口水直流，就问猫喜不喜欢吃栗子。猫表示想吃，猴子叫猫趁主人不在场时去烧着火的锅里拿栗子，猫忍着烫把栗子一个一个拿出来，猴子则在一旁乐呵呵地一个个吃栗子。

今天给大家说说舌绽莲花的出处和舌绽莲花的意思是什么，这个典故来自佛家,指讲经讲的好，化为朵朵莲花。原词为舌灿莲花。多为褒义词指口若悬河，滔滔不绝说的好。 形容人口才好，能言善道，有如莲花般美妙。

舌绽莲花

【词目】:舌绽莲花

【示例】:我舌绽莲花地抛出了一大堆的极富诱惑力的诱饵，果然，他们的表情越来越缓和，甚至惊讶，他们想都想不到跟了大唐走，竟然全部都是好处。--晴了《调教初唐》第565章

所谓舌绽莲花，即是儿子滥用语汇强词夺理之时。--舒婷、陈思《Hi十七岁---和儿子一起逃学》

有心计的女人，都是舌绽莲花的女人，她们时刻提防祸从口出，她们从不背地论人是非，她们懂得赞美别人，她们懂得倾听，她们在适当的时候知道保持沉默，她们都是真正的"语言贵族"。-- 方明《做女人就是要有心计》

雨下的很大，我觉得烦透了，人家是舌绽莲花，我是舌绽溃疡。

饭桌上不精于像别人那样舌绽莲花，八面玲珑，牌桌上也不长于各种游戏都能信手拈来。

【近义词】:口吐珠玑;口若悬河;巧舌如簧;三寸之舌;娓娓而谈;巧言善辩;伶牙俐齿;妙语连珠

【反义词】:笨嘴拙舌;期期艾艾;拙口钝腮;支支吾吾;张口结舌;木讷寡言;哑口无言

【成语名字】衣弊履穿

【汉语拼音】yī bì lǚ chuān

【近义词】：衣敝履穿、衣敝履空、家徒四壁

【反义词】：穿金戴银、富贵荣华、富可敌国、 丰衣足食

【成语出处】

1、《庄子˙山木》：“衣弊履穿，贫也。”

2、汉 刘向 《说苑˙善说》：“君将掘君之偶钱，发君之庾粟以补士，则衣弊履穿而不赡耳。”

3、《汉书˙鲍宣传》：“ 唐尊 衣敝履空，以瓦器饮食，又以历遗公卿，被虚伪名。” 颜师古 注：“着敝衣蹑空履也。空，穿也。”衣弊履穿，坐榻无席，自以跣露，恒兀坐读书，不迎送宾客，人皆以为倨。 《金史˙雷渊传》

【成语解释】衣服破败，鞋子穿孔。形容贫穷。 亦作“ 衣敝履空”。弊：坏；履：鞋。衣服穿破了，鞋子磨漏了。形容人很贫穷。

【成语用法】作谓语、定语；指生活贫困

【衣弊履穿造句】这个人穿着衣弊履穿，生活极度贫困。

【衣弊履穿的成语故事】

庄子身穿粗布衣并打上补钉，工整地用麻丝系好鞋子走过魏王身边。魏王见了说：“先生为什么如此疲惫呢？”庄子说：“是贫穷，不是疲惫。士人身怀道德而不能够推行，这是疲惫；衣服坏了鞋子破了，这是贫穷，而不是疲惫。这种情况就是所谓生不逢时。

青蛙听了小鸟的话，心想：小鸟在空中飞来飞去，知道的多；而我整天坐在这口井里，知道的就少，真的是这样吗？于是，青蛙决定跳出井口看个究竟。

机会来啦，接连下了三天三夜的大雨，井里的水满上来了，青蛙趁机一跳，跳出了井。他惊讶极了。高高的蓝天上飘着几朵白云，蓝天下是一眼望不到边的荷塘。荷塘里，绿油油的荷叶像是一把把小伞；荷叶上，小水珠眨着亮晶晶的眼睛；荷花开了，红的像火，粉的像霞……一只蜻蜓立在花骨朵上，难怪古人说“小荷才露尖尖角，早有蜻蜓立上头”。

青蛙陶醉于这一切的美好，听见了小鸟的声音：“喂，朋友，我没骗你吧？”“是的，朋友，我现在知道了，天真的是无边无际呀！”青蛙不愿意再“坐井观天”了，他跳进荷塘，蹲在荷叶上，呱呱地放声歌唱。

从此，荷塘中又多了一位捕捉害虫的小能手！

【成语名字】依依不舍

【汉语拼音】yī yī bù shě

【近义词】：恋恋不舍、依依惜别

【反义词】：一刀两断、扬长而去

【成语出处】明·冯梦龙《醒世恒言·卢太学诗酒傲王候》：“那卢楠直送五百余里，两下依依不舍。”

【成语解释】依依：依恋的样子；舍：放弃。形容舍不得离开。

【依依不舍造句】晚会结束已经大半天了，同学们才依依不舍地离去。

【依依不舍的成语故事】

《醒世恒言·卢太学诗酒傲王候》再说陆公在任，分文不要，爱民如子，况又发奸摘隐，剔清利弊，奸宄慑伏，盗贼屏迹，合县遂有神明之称，声名振于都下。只因不附权要，止迁南京礼部主事。离任之日，士民攀辕卧辙，泣声载道，送至百里之外。那卢柟直送五百余里，两下依依不舍，欷歔而别。后来陆公累官至南京吏部尚书。卢柟家已赤贫，乃南游白下，依陆公为主。陆公待为上宾，每日供其酒资一千，纵其游玩山水。所到之处，必有题咏，都中传诵。

【成语名字】权移马鹿

【汉语拼音】quán yí mǎ lù

【近义词】：指鹿为马

【反义词】：实事求是、 是非分明

【成语出处】语出秦·赵高指鹿为马事。

【成语解释】指恃权专横跋扈，任意颠倒是非。

【权移马鹿造句】现代社会,颠倒是非、权移马鹿的做法是行不通的。

【权移马鹿的成语故事】

秦二世时期，赵高骑着一头鹿在群臣中行走，秦王说：丞相为什么骑着一头鹿？赵高答到：这是一头马！秦王说：丞相错把鹿当做马了。赵高说：大王认为臣的话不正确，您可以问问臣子们，一半臣子说是鹿，另一半说是马，而这个时候秦王没法相信自己，所以相信了这个乱臣贼子的话。因此反映了秦二世时期丞相赵高专权的情况。