英文作文的过渡词(实用20篇)

每个人的心情都是不一样的，在生活中也是有着词语是形容心情的。下面是小编为大家整理的关于心情的英文词语，欢迎大家的阅读。

有关心情的英文词语

Seriously 认真

mad 生气

gloomy 郁闷

exciting激动

haggard 憔悴的

halcyon 平静的

sad 悲伤

happy 开心

angry 生气

gratitude感谢

moved感动

upset失落

描写心情的词语

一、激动

悲喜交集 悲愤填膺 百感交集 感人肺腑

动人心弦 情不自禁 心潮澎湃

激昂慷慨 慷慨激昂

二、感激

感激涕零 感恩戴德 谢天谢地

没齿不忘 感同身受

三、懊丧

垂头丧气 灰心丧气 心灰意冷 心灰意懒

万念俱灰 自暴自弃 黯然销魂 大失所望

四、悲痛、哀悼

心如刀割 切肤之痛 哀毁骨立 悲天悯人

五、愤怒

怒不可遏 怒形于色 怒火中烧 忍无可忍

1.New Years greetings and best wishes! 致xinchun贺忱与最美好的祝福!

2.Good luck in the year ahead!恭祝新禧!

3.Happy new year.xinchun快乐!

4.Happy spring festivel!春节快乐!

5.May you come into a good fortune!祝吉星高照!

6.Live long and proper!恭喜发财!

7.May many fortunes find their way to you!多福多寿!

8.I want to wish you longevity and health!祝财运亨通!

9.May the seasons joy fill you all the year round.愿节日的愉快伴你一生。

10.Seasons greetings and best wishes for the New Year.祝福您，xinchun快乐。

11.Wishing you all the blessings of a beautiful New Year season. 愿你拥有xinchun所有美好的祝福。

12.Wishing you all the happiness of the holiday season. 祝节日幸福如意。

13.Hope all your New Year dreams come true! 愿你所有的xinchun想都成真!

14.Hope you enjoy the happiness of New Year and all the trimmings. 祝你享尽xinchun佳节的快乐和xinchun的礼品。

15.Please accept my seasons greetings.请接受我节日的祝贺。

16.To wish you joy at this holy season. Wishing every happiness will always be with you.恭祝xinchun吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。

17.Good health, good luck and much happiness throughout the year.恭祝健康、幸运，xinchun快乐。

18.Wishing you many future successes.请多保重!

19.On this special day I send you New Years greetings and hope that some day soon we shall be together. 祝你今后获得更大成就。

20.I would like to wish you a joyous new year and express my hope for your happiness and good future.在这特殊的日子，向你致以xinchun的祝福，希望不久我们能相聚在一起。

21.May the New Year bring many good things and rich blessings to you and all those you love!祝xinchun快乐，并愿你幸福吉祥，前程似锦。

22.Rich blessings for health and longevity is my special wish for you in the coming year.愿xinchun带给你和你所爱的人许多美好的事物和无尽的祝福!

23.Good luck, good health, hood cheer. I wish you a happy New Year.祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐xinchun。

24.With best wishes for a happy New Year!祝xinchun快乐，并致以良好的祝福。

25.May you have the best New Year ever. 愿你度过最美好的xinchun!

26.Much joy to you in the up coming year. May the warmest wishes, happy thoughts and friendly greetings come at New Year and stay with you all the year through. 让温馨的祝愿、幸福的思念和友好的祝福，在xinchun来到你身边，伴你左右。

27.Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year.请接受我们们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们xinchun快乐。

28.May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace.愿xinchun为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。

29.Wishing you happiness during the holidays and throughout the New Year.祝节日快乐，xinchun幸福。

30.I hope you have a most happy and prosperous New Year.谨祝xinchun快乐幸福，大吉大利。

31.Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year.请接受我们。

32.May the joy and happiness around you today and always.愿快乐幸福永伴你左右。

33.Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health.请接受我诚挚的xinchun祝福，顺祝身体健康。

34.Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity.恭祝新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。

35.New Year should be a time of banked-up fines, the scent of flowers and wine, good talk, good memories and loyalties renewed. But if all else is lacking - love will do. xinchun是这样美好的时光：炉火熊熊，花儿芬芳，醇酒飘香，殷殷祝福，美好回忆，恩爱日新。即便没有一切，只要有爱便足矣。

Victor Hugo was good at combatting the characteristics and he did pay attention to the struggle between classes. In The Miserable World, the famous book in the world, he describes the changges of the main character, Jean Valjean, from a common human being to devil and then to a lovely angel. He expects that the human has good characters in the society. In the book, he also tells the readers the various aspects in the really world. He hopes that people have good manners and noble moral.

The Miserable World is a novel which reflects the miserable life and the misfortunate of the poor guys in France when it is the middle of nineteen century. The name of the book indicates the suffering from the great difficulities. The book put emphsis on the tradegy and the position of the low classes and this is the most exciting and important aspect, which makes the readers have deep thinking about the life.

In the details of the book, we know the men are upset because they were in the low class and were having a poor life, women’ behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior because of starving and children are so weak that they can grow strong and keep healthy in the old days of the world. So the author, Victor Hugo, hoped that all the people could have a bright future and have a good life, and the the famous work came into being. We know that the autho, Victor Hugo, had a boarder sense. He thought because if the world continued to stay as it was, the world could come to an end. The great artist were very brave to fight against the old displines. This novel is of great value because it describes history and reality in the past. We, people in modern society, should learn something from it and try to make the world perfect and harmony.

Dear customers

All sensors is pleased to announce that we have been acquired by Amphenol

Corporation. We are very excited about this event. The daily business of our

respected customers and all sensors will not change. We will continue our

business as usual, and your dedicated sales, customer service and engineering

liaison staff will continue to work to meet your needs for pressure sensors.

Amphenol group is the worlds leading sensor technology driven company, and

the acquisition here will provide more opportunities to provide better solutions

through collaboration, and to meet your demand for pressure sensors by realizing

a larger product portfolio.

All sensors will continue to drive new product development, similar to many

new products and more complex digital products launched in recent months. All of

these low range and high precision sensing solutions continue to keep the

industry leading.

For more product details and new product information, please feel free to

contact your local regional sales staff.

1.A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight (P.B.Shelley, British poet)

伟大的诗篇即是永远喷出智慧和欢欣之水的喷泉。(英国诗人 雪莱 P B)

2.A novel is a mirror walking along a main road. (Stendhcl,French writer)

一部小说犹如一面在大街上走的镜子。(法国作家 司汤达)

3.A picture is a poem without words. (Horace, ancient Roman poet)

一幅画是一首没有文字的诗歌。(古罗马诗人 贺拉斯)

4.A poet is a man who puts up a ladder to a star and climbs it while playing a violin. (E.de Goncourt, French writer)

诗人是这样的人，他架起通向星星的梯子——一边爬梯子一边拉提琴。(法国作家 龚古尔 E)

5.A poet is born, not made. (L.A.Florus, Ancient Roman poet)

诗人靠天分，不是靠培养。(古罗马诗人 弗洛鲁 L A)

6.Any one who conducts an argument by appealing to authourity is not using his intelligence; he is just using his memory. (Da Vinci, Italian painter)

一个借着引经据典来辩论的人，不是在运用自己的才智，他是在运用自己的记忆力。(意大利画家 达·芬奇)

7.Art is a lie that tells the truth. (Picasso, Spanish painter)

美术是揭示真理的谎言。(西班牙画家 毕加索)

8.Art is long, and time is fleeting. (Longfellow, American poet)

艺术是永恒的，时间则是瞬息即逝的。(美国诗人 朗费罗)

9.Art is much less important than life, but what a poor life without it ! (Robert Motherwell, American painter)

艺术远没有生活重要，但是没有艺术生活是多么乏味呀！(美国画家 马赦韦尔 R)

10.Art is not a handicraft, it is the transmission of feeling theorist has experienced. (Len Tolstoy, Russian writer)

艺术不是手艺，它是艺术家的体验到的感情的传递。(俄国作家托尔斯泰。L)

11.Art is the mold of feeling as language is the mold of thought. (Susanne Langer, American philosopher)

艺术是感情的模制品，犹如语言是思想的模制品。(美国哲学家 兰格 S)

12.Art is the object of feeling, and the subject of nature. (S.K.langer, American philosopher and educator)

艺术是情感的客观表现。也是本性的主观反映。(美国哲学家、教育家 兰格 S K)

13.Art is the right hand of nature. The latter only gave us being, but the former made us men. (Friedrich Schiller, German poet)

艺术是自然的右手。自然只让我们存在，而艺术创造我们的人类。(德国诗人 席勒 F)

14.Art is the stored honey of the human soul, gathered on wings of misery and travel. (Theocore Dreser, American novelist)

好画犹如佳肴，只可意会，不可言传。(法国画家 弗拉曼克 M)

15.Good painting is like good cooking; it ca n be tasted, but not explained. (Maurice de vlaminck, French painter)

简单地说，伟大的文学就是包涵极其丰富意义的语言。(美国诗人 庞德 E)

16.Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree (Ezra Poud, American poet)

幽默被人正确地解释为“以诚挚表达感受，寓深思于嬉笑”。(美国诗人 庞德 E)

17.Humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in earnest. (Mark Twain, American novelist)

我写作只是为了增加自身的美。(美国作家 杰克·伦敦)

18.I write for no other purpose than to add to the beauty that now belongs to me. (Jack London, American writer)

音乐要用心灵去听，用头脑去感觉。(法国作家 雨果 V)

[英文文化篇名言警句

Mr. Louis is my Chinese teacher. She was of medium height, slender, with two eyebrows on her lanky face, a pair of squinting eyes, and a pair of pink glasses on her high nose, about thirty years old. Her speech was vivid and vivid in class, her tone was cadenced and her emotions were real. People are kind and strict.

I remember that it was one of the things that happened early on, and I came to the school early in the morning and put my exercise books on the table, and I happily picked up the Chinese book and read aloud the text aloud.

After about a quarter of an hour or so, Mr. Louis walked into the classroom with a smile on his face, went up to the lectern, took out the red pen and handed the students the homework. After more than ten books, I found that the teachers face gradually changed from sunny to cloudy, and some of my classmates workbooks were taken to the stage. When it was my turn, my heart was both happy and afraid. I was glad that the teacher could see the homework I had finished. The fear is that the teacher will also take away my exercise book. Not sure enough, I saw the workbook lying on the table, trying to get it down, but it was impossible.

After class, the teacher overlooks his face and says to us, "if you want to have a workbook, please come to my office." Then he picked up the book and went away. I breathed a sigh of relief, but I was still not happy. I didnt know what was waiting for me: reprimand, criticism, praise... Oh, I dont think so.

After the second lesson, I and the students went to the teachers office and prepared to be taught. Who knows, the teacher changed the normal, kindly say: "last night go back why dont finish earnestly, ask you a few to correct the error in the workbook." Several of us took the exercise books nervously and fell on the teachers desk to correct them all. Then, let the teacher see again. Then the teacher smiled and said, "thats right. The people who read more should pay attention, the homework also cannot be careless!" We listened, and the mood was like a stone falling to the ground and running out of the office.

You say, how can such a teacher not let us like?

hello !!! boys and grils

my name is forest , i 12 old , my is girl .my family have a three people .my is youngest than other two and i is oldest of the tow.my father and my monther very love me,i love them too.i at my family very happily. i love my family very much, and you?

i have a big eyes and a big mouth . i have a short between hair.

i have a lot of hobbies ,for example : ilike play football , basketball , badminton , table tennis , i like draw a paintings, watercolours and landscapes,i like is it .and you?

now, i in a six grade. i like chinese class very much, it very fun ,i love go chinese class. my best like p.e. it very happy. and you?

my dream is to be a computer engineer when i grow up, because i very like playing computers. and you?

i study very hard , i very like study .

one day , is a summer holiday . i and my mother and my father together clambing mountian ,my father and my mother suddenly listenning:"oh!!! hlep me!! help me !!you say :"why???" i say to you :"because my suddenly lie down ."

[小学英文作文：自我介绍

Dear Santa Claus,

Christmas is around the corner,and iam so excited to welcome you to the

arrival.For last several years,i required so many toys from you,and you gave me

all that i want.I am so grateful for you about this.I dont want toys any

more.Sincerely i want you to bring my families good health for the new year.As

you know,the world they are going back is the world of a "flu"; and my parents

are mostly work outside,so give me a magic present to protect my families.Can

you promise me?eager to get it on Christmas Eve!

Best wishes to you as well!

Truly yours,

Sara

亲爱的圣诞老人克劳斯：

圣诞节即将来临,和我很高兴欢迎您的到来.在过去的几年里,我需要你这么多玩具,你给我所有我想要的.我很感激你对这.我不希望任何更多的玩具.我真诚地希望你在新的一年带给我的家人身体健康.你知道,他们回去的世界是一个“流感”的世界;我的父母都在外工作,所以我需要你给我一个神奇的礼物来保护我的家庭.你能答应我吗?渴望得到它平安夜!

最好的祝福给你!

你真正的，

Sara

Dear Andy lewis,

hello.how have you been? i have read magazine advertisement knowing you are hunting for some people who can be your pen-friends firstly,please allow me to introduce myself.I am LiPing and i have a happy life with my parents in Shanghaimy father who is working for a big company is a legal adviser and my mother has retired. i am working for an advertising company as advertising design.

My hobby is sports such as playing basketball,football,swimming and so on.i think that sports can not only lose your weight but also give you a good shape.i am fond of billiards other than that. As far as i knoDear Emily, Im glad to learn that youre interested in China. Im more than happy to introduce you more of China. China, being one of the four ancient civilizations, has a long history and therefore there are many places of ancient sites. Besides, China has a vast region hence many beautiful natural sceneries are found in China as well. And due to the long history and vast area, there are in total 56 races living harmoniously with huge populations in China. China has not only ancient sites and sceneries, also she has modern metropolitans such as Hong Kong and Shanghai which attracts millions of travelers each year As an old saying, talking is nothing more than seeing. I hope you can come and visit China yourself and view these beautiful sceneries with your own eyes. Yours Sincerely, Hua Liw one of your hobby is learning foreign languages.i could teach you to learn chinese if you will. If only i could be accepted and be good friends with you. good luck to you.

Yours sincerely

Li Ping

I have a happy, happy family.

My father, the advantage. Dad ready to help others. Since we bought a printer back home. Relatives and friends need to print something, came to find my father. Gave the information to us, the friend went away. When he finished print, just call me to send it in the past. My mother said that here is bad there bad there.

Dad is very good at math, and sometimes I dont math problem you can ask him to help. He like the teacher, read the question first, yourself, the equations. After these ready, began to thin to speak up for me. The formula or the equations listed from that place, he said. Then let me repeat. It is difficult to imagine the math problem is a piece of cake in his hand. Every time he told me the topic, understand fast, high efficiency, less time consuming. This is a major bright spot.

My mother much more special, have financial and life, and nutrition. Want to buy something in the home, to her this. Moms food is delicious, and safety, and nutrition. Every cook according to her diet. My father is the most like to eat bacon, every time want to toward to my mother. Mother said: "eat many bacon can harm the body, should eat less." So our bacon rarely eat, bacon this year and last year. It is hard to want to these.

My brother is the most naughty home, one of the most annoying people. He is the most headache, when you eat. You dont give he said a good word, he is not to eat. He is running around the house while eating, also cant catch him. After we finished eating, he is still in a bite to eat slowly. When he was playing in the room, dont know how many things he broke.

Look, this is our family. The typical character in our house is my brother.

我有一个快乐，幸福的大家庭。

我的爸爸，优点特别多。爸爸乐于助人。自从我们家里买了一台打印机回来以后。亲戚朋友们需要什么要打印的东西时，就找我爸爸来了。把资料给了我们，朋友就走了。等他打印完的时候，就叫我把它送过去。我妈妈就在那里说这里不好那里不好的。

爸爸的数学学的很好，有时我不会的数学题就可以请教他来帮助。他就像老师一样，先把题读了，自己做好，列出方程。这些做好了以后，就开始给我细细的讲了起来。那个算式或那个等式是从那个地方列出来的，他说完后。然后就让我重复。再难的数学题在他手上是小菜一碟。每次他给我讲题时，懂得快，效率高，费时少。这就是他的一大亮点。

我妈妈管的事特别多，有金融，生活，营养。家里要买什么东西，要过她这一关才行。妈妈做的饭菜又好吃，又安全，又营养。每天做饭都要按照她的食谱走。我爸爸是最喜欢吃腊肉的人，每次想吃时就要向着我妈去要。妈妈说：“吃多了腊肉会伤害到身体的，要少吃。”所以我们家的腊肉很少吃，去年的腊肉今年还有。想吃到这些是很难的。

我的弟弟是家里最调皮的，最烦的一个人了。他吃饭的时候，是最头痛的。你不给他说好话，他是不会吃的。他吃饭时还在屋子里到处跑，抓也抓不住他。等我们吃完了以后，他还在一口一口地慢慢吃。他在屋子里玩时，不知他弄坏了多少东西。

瞧，这就是我们这一家子。我们家的典型人物就是我的弟弟。

Dear (Bosss Name)，

I appreciated the opportunity to meet with you yesterday about the position

of (job title) with (Company Name)。

I really enjoyed meeting with members of the office and learning about the

job。 The entire team certainly seem to be highly skilled and motivated and the

work itself seems as rewarding as it is challenging。 From our discussion，I

gained a strong sense of (Company Name)s mitment to their clients and their

employees。 I also enjoyed our discussion of my opportunities and future within

the firm。

I feel strongly that I possess the qualities required as a (job title)。 I

believe my education and experiences have prepared me well for a future with

you。 I eagerly anticipate our next meeting。 Thank you for considering me for

this opportunity。

Sincerely，

(Signature)

to：假条是递给谁的

from：请假人

date：写假条的日期(注意不是请假的日期)

subject：写上请假字样

假条范例如下：

to：peterstone，manager

from：lynnchen，financialdepartment

date：april2nd，20xx

subject：casualleaveofabsence

其次，在您的请假信第一段，应该开门见山但是有礼貌地提出请假。第一段要中心明确，写清您要请假的日期。

然后，在假条的第二段，您应该简单明了陈述请假的原因事由。注意叙述清楚明白，并尽可能表示对此带来工作不便的歉意。

接着，在假条的最后一段，应写上您希望获得准假的句子，或者具体等候答复的时间。

Dear students,

As we know, safety is the most important thing in our lives. So, we should

try our best to make sure we are safe. We mustn’t bring restricted knives or

things to our school because these things may cause serious problems. Do not

have a bath in rivers or ponds by ourselves without our parents’ permission.

And, we should be friendly to others so fighting is strongly banned. Make sure

that we should always pay attention to the traffic on our way to school or home.

Furthermore, if we meet some emergency, we must call for help from the police or

our teachers. In a word, following these safeties rules above can make us live

in peace.

Yours,

Li Hua

20 July 2006

Dear Mr. Wang,

Thank you for taking the time to write your wonderful letter in support of MCEA (Maywood Chinese Education Association). Your letter clearly articulates all the major reasons children in Maywood will benefit from studying the Chinese language as part of their elementary school education. It provides invaluable support that will help making bilingual Chinese education a reality in Maywood public schools.

Although MCEA would like to see Palo Alto public schools implement the first bilingual Chinese kindergarten class in September of 2006, we have learned that the school district must take the time to understand how a new program will affect existing educational offerings, and to validate community interest. Nevertheless, MCEA, with more than 70 members, will continue to actively promote bilingual Chinese education in the Palo Alto public schools and will keep you apprised of the progress we make.

Thanks again for sending a letter in support of MCEA. We will continue to do all we can to realize this program both for families of Chinese descent and those with a general interest in participating in the growing economic power of China.

Yours sincerely,

George Chen

Useful Expressions

Thanks for. . .

It was very nice/good of you to ...

Thank you very much for. . .

I must thank you for. . .

I am extremely grateful for your help. . .

I am most grateful for. . .

无论英文求职信还是中文求职信，都有其正规的写法.任何国内，外大公司，大企业都喜欢看到正规严肃的，代表你尊重对方，一份正规的英文求职信，其目的也在于获得面谈的机会。

格式与态度： 写英文求职信时,开头写每段第一句话时, 要顶格写, 一定不要空两格. 这点很重要, 请你注意; 不要用开玩笑的口吻与对方套近乎, 要严肃, 认真地写.这能使对方感觉你很重视这件事情; 简短介绍自己的专业与才能. 重点写清楚你的能力可以满足对方公司的需要.

各人资料: 写英文求职信时，写信人应述明自己的年龄或出生年月，教育背景，尤其是和应征的职位有关的训练或教育科目、工作经验或特殊的技能；如无实际经验,告知对方你正在学习经验!

推荐：写英文求职信时,需重点注意约定面试时间.一定要写清楚:我知道您很忙, 我很感谢您能在百忙之中抽几分钟时间跟我见面并谈话. 请放心,这几分钟您一定不会浪费的!因为我确定我的能力一定使贵公司达到目的.要自信!但不要过份夸大自己的能力或表现过份信心，尤其不要说出与事实不符的能力或特性来.

结尾与联系方式: 写英文求职信结尾时,需重点注意:不要等对方先打电话联系你, 你应该在英文求职信中明确写出, 你会在此期间打电话约对方见面, 并告对方知具体联系时间;还要写明, 在见面之前, 若对方有什么问题需要了解的, 可发Email或打电话联系你. 并写清楚你的联系方式. 最后, 再一次写明感谢他们抽时间看你的个人简历, 求职信. 并感谢他们考虑你的应聘.

写:：

篇幅不易过长, 简短为好;态度诚恳, 不需华丽词汇;；让对方感觉亲切，自信,，实在即可；不要误看其他错误的写作方法， 以免耽误了你的求职机会。

纸张的选用: 建议你用灰色,黄褐色或米色纸作最终打印信纸. 要配合信封的颜色。

书写：字体要写得整洁可辩，使用打字机把信打出来，具有专业感。

附邮票：英语求职信内需附加邮票或回址信封。

在小说创作中，以环境描写引入故事是一种非常常见的方式，这种开头的好处就是，从一开始就将故事发生的环境做了一个简略的描述，让读者明白这个故事是发生在一个什么样的环境里。

环境的基调决定了一篇小说的故事格调，在明快的自然环境中发生的故事阳光积极，在阴暗环境中发生的故事灰暗冷峻。“一切景语皆情语”，这是我们在学习诗歌时一句很核心的话，用在小说中也是一样的道理，此外还有广为流传的几种情景关系：借景抒情、情景交融、寓情于景等等写作手法。

所谓的景便是自然环境的描写，而小说里，自然是逃不开对自然环境的描写。以下，大致可以从五个角度来描写自然环境。

眼 （大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆）

耳（风在吼、马在叫，黄河在咆哮）

鼻（泥土的芬芳、一阵花香扑鼻而来）

身（xxx感到一股浓浓的寒意/暖意）

心（xxx看着....的景象，心生.../感到...）

而什么时候该穿插环境描写呢？也大致可以从几个方向。

需要衬托情节的时候。（杀人一般是月黑风高的晚上）

需要体现真实感的时候。（两个人说话谈恋爱啥的都要写点周围环境吧）

场景切换的时候。（这个是必须的啊，不然读者怎么知道换场景了）

与情节有关的时候。(打仗得写点地势地形吧）

总之要直观形象，抓关键点去写，服务情节。

除了自然环境，就是社会环境了。社会环境包括

1.硬社会环境

比如建筑、场所、陈设，人物、动植物等，这些看得见摸得着听得到，不抽象的东西。

2.软社会环境

比如人物的外貌、服饰、语言、行为、风俗习惯等。

在进行环境描写的时候尽量不要忽略...

接下来就是如何从环境描写过渡到叙事中了，具体操作方法大致有两个角度.

1. 宏观环境引入故事

宏观，就是在一个整体上来看待一件事物，宏观环境，就是张开眼睛看到的所有事物，具有笼统和不确定性。宏观环境描写引入故事的过程，就是一个由静而动的过程，环境的静影响叙述的动，也就是基调。

所以作者在创作之前，一定要确定这个故事的基调，长篇叙事更具有复杂性，但一开始选定引入故事的自然环境往往会决定读者跟进的兴趣，所以要选择一个合适的场景，下面举例：

若一开始以战争开场，环境确定为攻城拉锯战：守城一方的视角从城墙之外拉开，由远及近，自然环境的基调突出一种山雨欲来的压抑感。视角先从远处的山脉开始，云色、山景、平原状况→然后是敌军营地→突出的攻城器械→敌军大营→军士将领军士→护城河(战斗痕迹)→己方人物→交流(议事，战术规划)。

云色山景和敌营的一切表象都用来突出战争环境和战前的压抑气氛，战斗痕迹加强守城战争的严峻形势，己方人物介绍用以说明战争情况，交流用于说明战争规划。

攻城一方视角则只有城墙和护城河，视野有限，则以城墙建制→敌方动作→交战痕迹→己方人物→交流的方式开篇。城墙建制突出攻城战的难易度(顺便也可以交代交战背景)，交战痕迹突出战争的情况，己方人物交代出战争的规模，交流则是说明战争策略。

用这两种方式，故事引入顺利，不落痕迹。但是在使用这种方式的时候要注意，不能同时从双方的角度来观察战场，这样上帝视角会非常明显，读者一眼看出这是作者的刻意安排，而且在同时讲述多个人物时很容易发生混乱，这一点要切记，也是大多数新手最容易犯的错误。作者的规划的时候需要兼顾双方，但叙事的时候只能从一方出发。

选择主角所在的一方作为视角切入点，才是明智的做法。

2.微观环境的切入

微观，是一个区别于宏观的概念，即是说观察的对象是细小的事物，是宏大事物的一部分，以镜头语言为例，宏观使用广角镜头，而微观则使用微距镜头，让一件小事物充斥视野，然后慢慢的拉开，到达全体，这种手法的好处是不必要有太多的描写就可以很容易的引入人物和故事，一开始就创造出激烈的冲突环境。

微观环境引入始终是一个动的过程，它包含特写→广角→特写→叙事的过程。镜头的顺序是斧头斩入城门→城墙两侧→全局→人物，整个过程中，环境中的所有事物都是在变化的。

依然以攻城拉锯战为例子：双方开始交战。

防守一方：城墙上的士兵视角为箭矢飞过→攻城器械到达→同伴状况→敌军登城→交战→城墙状况→自身状况。这个叙事顺序，以个人视角开头又以个人视角结尾，始终都在动。箭矢状况表明对方的远程攻击里，同伴状况和敌军登城表明战斗情况，交战侧写心里状态，城墙状况表明双方实力，再回到自身则是剧情延续。

进攻一方：进攻的士兵视角过河→敌方箭矢和石块攻击→攻城器械情况→战友情况→交战→城墙状况→自身情况。从这个节奏，可以看出微距镜头对双方来说区别其实并不大。

以围观环境为切入点的叙事强调作者的逻辑和场景掌控能力，需要在人物活动的过程中顺便讲述故事背景和事件原因，镜头的调度在其中会起到很重要的作用。作者通过调度，可以在寥寥数语间便讲完背景，直接进入剧烈冲突的剧情。

这种方法是引入故事最简便的手段，但也是最难写好的。新手在写作的时候往往会集中在人物行动上而忽略故事背景的叙述，写出来之后读者往往只觉得开头精彩，但因为设定不明，往往后继无力，很难吸引读者。练习的方法是写短篇，学习三言两语讲述清楚故事冲突的技巧。

总体来说，这两种引入方式，宏观更容易，作者有充裕的条件来布局故事的发展，但是冲突性会被宏观环境讲述冲淡，要求作者具备较强的语言功底，了解环境对剧情的影射功能，在环境描写中就为故事定下基调。

微观较困难，要求作者懂得截取适当的环境和人物，将冲突在人物行动中很快讲述出来，运用这种开篇，作者的掌控力一定要强，懂得调控和攫取最关键的因素。

The main importance of goal setting is that it provides us with direction and purpose. When we have goals, we know what we want to achieve so that we can focus our mindson a single worthwhile target and avoid getting distracted easily. Personal goal setting also provides us with motivation to achieve what we want to achieve.

Goal setting is of especial significance for today’s students. A study reveals that when students set goals, they learn the importance of taking responsibility, of minimizing excuses and of helping others. Goal setting is a lifelong skill that first helps students succeed in school and then later in life.

How to learn English well

English is important and useful to us. How can we learn it well? Here are

my suggestions.

First, we should often listen to the tapes, English songs and programs.

Watching English movies is also helpful to us. Second, we should speak English

in class as much as possible. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. The more you

speak, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. Wed better join the English club and

practice with others. Third, we can read more English newspapers and magazines.

It’s good for us. At last, we should recite some good passages and keep

diaries.

In a word, as long as we do more listening, speaking, reading and writing,

we will learn English well.

I sat in the window, listening to the sound of knocking, destroying the branches, occasionally heard from afar the barking of the dog, how sad ah! Under the eaves of the kitten, can not resist the cold snap, and also cold “ meow … meow … ” the call of non-stop.

Walking on the road, I saw the green leaves turn yellow, and the bright flowers withered, and the beautiful scenery disappeared.

Winter is coming, and I can eat! Eat straight up, and I also eat tall and strong. Winter is coming, you can not afraid of the sun, rain, thunder and typhoon, it is really good.

Winter is coming, although its cold, but there are many advantages, so I still like winter!

Jingle bells, jingle bells, ringing loudly, Christmas is coming! I want to carrefour hypermarket must be full of people buy decorations and Christmas gifts, home more warm atmosphere.

Many places were filled with red, red and green Christmas has perked up tall and big trees, one by one with colorful bright lights and large and small card and small adorn article is a very beautiful Christmas tree. The streets from time to time also see beard were white as snow, wearing red pointed hat Santa Claus, waving his hands to greet people warmly. If there really is Santa Claus in the world, I want to pray to him for a violin and a pair of jump jumping shoes for Christmas.

I hope that Santa Claus can give me a violin, because often see many students took the violin at school, playing a song and a beautiful melody, often let me hear ecstasy. When I was young I like to take a toy violin, touched the strings of the elastic and bow, feel to go abroad to study in network is very interesting. I have learned the violin, when reading a kindergarten taipans had to perform. But I havent go on studying piano in elementary school, now I also completely forget how the violin, what a pity! If Santa Claus really gave me a violin, Im going to have a good performance, and then request mother would it be possible for me to have a violin lessons, the skills to really play, share wonderful music with you.

If you can, I also hope to have a pair of "jump jumping shoes as a Christmas present." Because I am. Its a long walk to school every day. If I have a "jump jumping shoes", I just wear it when I go to school, less than 5 minutes to do a second school, convenient and quick. But I also worry that if you wear it go out to play, in the cave or a tunnel, the day of bump can jump high. Without this gift also it doesnt matter, I also like to walk to school every day, the road can see many white crane in community for food, you can also see a lot of small yellow flowers on the lawn. Walk to school can see let the body healthy and you can see beautiful scenery, is also a happy thing!

If Santa Claus really reach my wish, I will cherish the present. I also want to thank in the cold hard the hustle and bustle of Santa Claus, because he is very hard running many gift, let everybody can come true. Hope sweet joy Christmas will soon come, also wish everyone can go in peace, happy.

参考翻译

叮叮当，叮叮当，铃声多响亮，圣诞节快到了!我想家乐福等大卖场一定挤满购买装饰品及圣诞礼物的人潮，热热闹闹的更有温暖的气氛。

许多地方摆满了红红绿绿的圣诞红，有的地方也一一竖起又高又大的树木，挂上缤纷亮丽的灯饰及大大小小的卡片及小饰品就成了非常漂亮的圣诞树。街上还不时看到胡须洁白如雪，戴着红红尖帽的圣诞老公公，挥舞双手向人们热情打招呼。如果世界上真的有圣诞老公公的话，我想向他祈求一把小提琴和一双跳跳鞋作为我的圣诞礼物。

我希望圣诞老公公能送我一把小提琴，因为在学校常看到许多同学拉着小提琴，演奏一首又一首美妙的乐曲，常让我听到入迷。小时候我喜欢拿着玩具提琴，摸着那有弹性的琴弦及弓，感觉很有趣。读幼儿园大班时我有学过小提琴，还曾上台表演。但上小学后就没继续学琴了，现在我也完全忘记怎么拉琴，真可惜!如果圣诞老公公真的送我一把小提琴，我要好好表现，再请求妈妈可以让我上提琴课，学会真正演奏的技巧，将美妙的音乐分享给大家。

如果可以，我还希望能有一双“跳跳鞋”当圣诞礼物。因为我每天走路上学都要走好远。如果我有“跳跳鞋”，我要上学时只要穿上它，跳个二下不到五分钟就可以到学校了，又快又方便。可是我也担心如果穿上它出去玩，遇到山洞或隧道，会不会跳的太高撞的满头包。如果没有这个礼物也没关系，我也喜欢每天走路上学，路上可以看见许多洁白的鹭鸶在社区觅食，还可以看到很多草地上的小黄花。走路上学既可以看让身体健康又可以看到漂亮的风景，也是件令人开心的事!

如果圣诞老公公真的达成我的愿望，我会好好珍惜得到的礼物。我也要感谢在寒风中辛苦奔波的圣诞老公公，因为他很辛苦跑来跑去的送给许多人礼物，让大家都能心想事成。希望温馨欢乐的圣诞节能快快到来，也祝福大家都能平平安安、快快乐乐。

花季中，我正做着一个美丽的文学梦……

花季中，我正做着一个美妙的名人梦……

花季中，我正做着一个五彩的教师梦……

（《把梦想带给花季》）

冬，是圣洁的象征……

冬是一位可敬的严师……

冬是孕育春天的摇篮……

（《冬的个性》）

对于一名中学生来说，在当今时代光有书本知识而缺乏实践能力，那不是一名合格人才。……

对于一名工人来说，要在知识经济、市场经济的坐标中找准位置……

对于一个商人来说，也要紧跟时代的步伐，要转变观念……

对于一领导干部来说，人生的定位，坐标，象限一定要把握好……

（《把握人生坐标》）

我的一位貌不惊人语不出众的老师……

我的一位天资聪颖而家境贫寒的表哥……

我的一位朴实无华勤劳节俭的邻居……

（《掌声为自己响起》）

你是不是认为这就是我的个性一一一一个心中充满着消极、叹息和无奈的中学生？不，生活中的我还有全新的风貌！

（淄博市考生《我的个性说给你》）

那河，蜿蜒在山林间，它是小镇的命脉，是小镇人与外界惟一的沟通渠道。那船，沧桑中透着古朴，它是小镇惟一的交通工具。正因为有了那间、那船，才有那摆渡人感人的故事。

（《摆渡的老哑巴》）

于是剥掉成功光彩夺目的华丽外装，寻找成功，这才发现成功无处不在一一

（《掌声为自己响起》）

且慢，立足小我来谈酷，只能是肤浅的酷，放眼大时代来谈酷，才会找到真正的酷。

（《酷》）

整散结合、形式整齐、气势贯通、意义鲜明的佳句。

恬静清幽的散文，独领风骚的名人传记，神秘莫测的科幻小说，幽默活泼的外国名著，都是我夜深人静的独爱。

（《享受买书的乐趣》）

我欣赏汪国真《感叹》的含蓄，朱自清《匆匆》的深刻，琼瑶《烟雨蒙蒙》的浪漫，鲁迅《"友邦惊诧"论》的犀利。

（《把梦想带给花季》）

洪魔肆虐，多少村镇被吞噬，多少田地被埋葬，又有多少人流离失所，多少人在洪水中挣扎。这时，党的好干部来了，最可爱的人来了，青年志愿者来了，他们用血肉之躯抵挡住洪魔一次又一次的进攻。

（《把爱心带给他人》）

作曲家把它们记在心弦上，演奏家让它们流淌在自己的心灵里。细细听吧！那可爱的歌声，从树梢，从月影，从草原，轻轻地传向四方。

（《感激》）

微笑吧，你会发现这是一种多么高尚的美德——

跌倒时，它给人们阳光般的援助；

迷惘时，它给人们波涛般的勇气；

失落时，它给人们清风般的慰藉；

冲动时，它给人们天空般的胸襟……

（《把微笑带给生活》）

当你失落丧气时，你希望有人给你勇气；当你犹豫彷徨时，你希望有人给你理解；当你精神穷困时，你希望给你热烈的掌声。

（《人生需要掌声》）

创新使这个时代日新月异：创建特区，古老渔村变成繁华的现代都市；改革开放，文明古国焕发新的生机，一国两制，两个“儿子”回归祖国。

（《酷》）