基础英语写作第二版【精品20篇】

一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织，这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式，供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

SCI论文，即为被SCI索引收录的期刊所刊登的论文，小编收集了SCI论文写作基础结构，欢迎阅读

标题：SCI论文写作的标题必须符合文章内容而简明、准确表达论文的性质和目的。文题要相扣、标题通常由名词性短语构成，如果出现动词，多为分词或动名词形式。标题不能太长，一般希望一篇论文标题不要超过100个英文字符。

摘要：SCI论文写作的的摘要重在说明全文通过什么样的方法取得什么样的结果，资料数据，提出有意义的结论(包括阳性及阴性)。具体按四要素来书写中、英文摘要：目的、方法、结果、结论。结论中、英文内容要一致。摘要以200-300字为宜。关键词5条。英文摘要也应包括文题、作者姓名(汉语拼音)、单位名称、所在城市名等。作者应列出前3位，3位以上加序言：过去研究的情况、方法、目的和所获得的主要成果或特点。此处不宜超过100～200字。

引言：SCI论文写作的引言部分提出课题背景，总结前人研究成果、现实情况及存在问题，采取适当的方式强调本人在本次研究中最重要的发现或贡献。

材料和方法：这是SCI论文写作的执行科研的关键之处，对于要进行的研究工作，必须按照实际情况，在事先选择好适合一定条件、数量的研究对象采用的特定实验、诊断或治疗方法(包括实验步骤、方法、器材试剂、药品)，经过一定时期的观察，相同条件下的对照组，与他人结果比较并综合分析。如果审稿者认为实验材料和方法有缺陷，则该论文的设计也有缺陷。其结果是该论文被拒绝，其重点在于完整的描述。

结论：将原始资料全部集中起来，随机、客观地加以分析，不用特意地加以挑选。对于一些阴性结果，不必全部列出。尽量组织严密，符合逻辑、进行对比观察，在检验过程中不一样地方加以修正、补充。SCI论文写作在结论的问题中避免以假设来证明假设，以未知来说明未知，并依次循环推论。

讨论：SCI论文写作的精髓，主要是研究结果的解释和推断。概述实验条件的优缺点，本人结果与其他学者结果的异同，突出新发现、新发明;解释因果关系，说明偶然性与必然性;急需研究的方向和存在的主要问题。说明研究局限性对结果的影响。

致谢：SCI论文写作的致谢部分主要表明该研究是什么资金或基金资助的情况下完成的并对参与人员和单位表示感谢即可。

参考文献：所列参考文献的目的，在于引证资料(观点、方法等)的来源，不可随意转抄。一般要求引用文献者必须用阅读过的重要的、近年的文献为准。论著10条左右，论著摘要5条，综述20条左右，参考文献的引用要根据收录参考文献的原则。

SCI论文写作基础结构内容由“辑文编译”整理，转载请请注明出处!

广州辑文汇聚了来自全球著名100多所顶尖高等教育学府的600多名各专业博士团队的雄厚学术力量，主要为非英语国家科研工作者提供SCI论文写作发表﹑医学论文润色编辑和各类科研设计相关服务。

SCI journal editors to teach you how to write SCI thesis

SCI paper, how to write? General can be divided into the title, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgements, references eight parts.

Title: the nature and purpose of SCI writing title must conform to article content and concise, accurate expression of the. The title of the paper to buckle, the title is usually composed of noun phrases, if the verb, participle or a gerund form for. The title can not be too long, generally want a paper title not more than 100 English character.

Abstract: the abstract is writing SCI papers by what kind of method to obtain what kind of result, data, put forward meaningful conclusion (including positive and negative). According to four to have written, English Abstract: objective, method, result, conclusion. The conclusion, English content should be consistent. Abstract of 200-300 words. Keywords 5. English abstract should also include the title, author name (Pinyin), unit name, city name. The author lists the top 3, 3 plus Preface: main achievements or past research situation, method, purpose and the. Here is more than 100 ~ 200 words.

Introduction: SCI the introduction of writing this topic background, summing up the results of previous studies, the reality of the situation and the existing problems, take appropriate means to emphasize my most important in this research discovery or contribution.

Materials and methods: This is a key point to SCI thesis writing research, for to carry out the research work, must be in accordance with the actual situation, in a good choice for certain conditions, the number of subjects with specific experimental, diagnostic or therapeutic methods (including pre experiment steps, methods, equipment, reagents, drugs), after observation of a certain period of time, the control group under the same conditions, and other results and analysis. If reviewers that the experimental materials and methods have drawbacks, then design the defective. The result is the thesis is rejected, the focus is to complete description.

Conclusion: will concentrate all the original data, random, objective analysis, dont have to choose. For some negative results, not all. As organized, logical, were observed and compared, in the inspection process is not the same place revision, supplement. SCI thesis writing in order to avoid the assumption that assumption in the conclusion of the unknown, to illustrate the unknown, and in turn circular reasoning.

Discussion: SCI thesis writing essence, is to interpret and infer the results. The advantages and disadvantages of the experimental conditions, the similarities and differences of himself with other scholars results, highlighting the new discovery, new invention; explain the causal relationship, the contingency and inevitability; urgent research direction and the main problems. The effect of limitations on the results.

Acknowledgements: SCI thesis writing acknowledgements part mainly shows the research is funded what funds or funds under the condition of complete and expressed thanks to the participation of personnel and units.

Reference: the column reference purposes, in the citation data (point, etc.) sources, can not be copied. General requirements cited references must be used to read important, recent documents shall prevail. On the 10 or so, on the 5, in about 20, for reference according to the included reference principle.

The above content by text compiled finishing, reprint please indicate the source! Series Guangzhou Wenhui together strong academic strength from the world famous more than 100 top institution of higher education, more than 600 professional doctoral team, mainly for non English speaking countries, scientific research workers to provide SCI thesis writing medical papers published, Polish editing and all kinds of scientific research design service.

一、公共基础知识写作知识——公布性文件的特点

公布性公文的一般特点是：公文一经形成即直接公之于众，无保密要求;受文者不仅包括各种机关团体等社会组织，而且包括个人甚至主要是个人;所涉及事项性质重要且具有普遍意义或重复发生的特点;除少部分公文为重要消息只需国内或国内国外各方面广泛知晓外，大部分公文对有关方面的行为具有强制约束力，要求严格遵守施行;有关规范多为 政策且是反复适用的，所涉及的是多数人和普遍性事务而非特定具体的人或事，有效适用期限虽不如规范性公文长，但比一般的领导指导性公文要长远;公文公布形式多样，可直接张贴、广播，可在报刊上发表。

二、公共基础知识写作知识——公告

公布性文件的一种，用于向国内外宣布重要事项。在我国政府机关，凡重要人物逝世;党和国家重要领导人出访;召开重要会议;颁行重要法律;形成重要决议或决定;出现重要人事变动;出现一些为世界瞩目的重要事件;形成关涉国内外有关方面的重要政策或决策并需要直接向国内外宣布时，都可使用公告。

公告的正文大都比较简短，通常只说明：何时，何地，为了什么或根据什么，已经或将要发生或形成什么即可。只有少数文件涉及细节（如注意事项，详尽的政策规定等）。 公告常以“现予公告”作结，文末成文日期之后应标注“于××（地名）”。

三、公共基础知识写作知识——通告

公布性文件的一种，用于在一定范围内公布需由有关人员遵守或周知的事项。

公布需有关人员周知的事项的通告，主要是使受文者了解重要情况、重要消息，因此，文中不提出直接的执行要求，这种通告的正文一般包括：行文的根据或目的、有关消息、情况的具体内容（对象、过程、结果、原因、主张、有关政策的内容及实施的时间、范围等），结语，常用结尾词“特此通告”等表达。

公布需有关人员遵守的事项的通告，主要是向受文者交代需要其遵照执行的政策、措施及其他有关的行为规范。这些事项不仅需广泛知晓同时还以强制力令其遵行。应遵事项通告的正文主要包括：行文根据或目的;应遵事项的具体内容（一般为条文式）;对遵行有关事项的基本要求和对违反者的处置办法，以及公文正式实施的时间。有时也以“特此通告”等结尾词作结。

四、公共基础知识写作知识——公文的格式主体部分

主体部分又称行文部分，这一部分是指红色反线（不含）以下至主题词（不含）之间各要素的统称。主体部分由公文标题、主送机关、公文正文、附件、成文时间、公文生效标识、附注等要素组成。

（1）标题。公文标题一般由发文机关名称、事由、文种三部分构成。它位于公文首页红色反线下空2行，用2号小标宋体字，可分一行或多行居中排布;回行时，要做到词意完整，排列对称，间距恰当。公文标题除法规、规章名称等可加书名号外，一般不用标点符号。在撰写公文标题时，发文机关名称要写全称或规范化简称，如果文件首页有发文机关标识，其标题可省略发文机关名称。事由是标题的主题部分，应准确、简炼地概括公文的主要内容。文种是公文的种类名称，用以概括揭示公文的性质与制发的目的。公文的标题通常有四种形式：一是发文机关名称、事由、文种三个要素全部具备的公文标题。二是事由和文种两个要素构成的公文标题。三是发文机关名称和公文文种两个要素构成的公文标题。四是只标明文种的公文标题。

（2）主送机关。主送机关是负有公文主要处理责任的受文机关。主送机关名称应当使用全称或规范化简称、统称。上行文一般只写一个主送机关，如需要同时报送另一上级机关，可用抄送形式。下行文可以有若干机关。有些公文，如周知性公文可以省略此项。主送机关的书写位置是：标题下空1行，左侧顶格用3号仿宋字标识，回行时仍顶格;最后一个主送机关名称后标全角冒号。如主送机关名称过多而使公文首页不能显示正文时，应将主送机关名称移至版记中的主题词之下，抄送之上，标识方法同抄送。

（3）正文。正文是公文的核心部分，用来表达公文的具体内容，体现发文机关的意图。

正文的结构一般由开头、主体和结尾三部分组成。开头部分用简洁的语言写明发文的依据、目的或原因等。主体部分是正文的核心，主要写明公文的内容或事项，做到重点突出，意见具体、明确，叙述有条理。结尾部分根据文种和行文关系的不同有不同的写法。这一部分后面将结合具体文例加以介绍。公文正文的书写位置是：主送机关名称下一行，每自然段左空2字，回行顶格。数字、年份不能回行。

（4）附件。附件是公文的附属材料。有的附件是一些文字材料，有的附件是实物如照片、图表等，应当注明所附材料的名称，件数。附件是为了避免正文过长的内容隔裂而附，对正文起说明、注释、补充、证明和参考作用。有的公文，附件是文件的主体内容，正文仅起批准、发布和按语的作用。许多法规性文件就是这样。公文如有附件，在正文下一行左空2字用3号仿宋体字标识“附件”，后标全角冒号和名称。附件如有序号使用阿拉伯数码;附件名称后不加标点符号。附件应与公文一起装订，并在附件左上角第1行顶格标识“附件”，有序号时标识序号;附件的序号和名称前后标识应一致。如附件与公文正文不能一起装订，应在附件左上角第1行顶格标识公文的发文字号并在其后标识附件（或带序号）。

（5）成文日期。公文成文日期一般以机关负责人签发的日期为准;法规、规章类公文以依法批准的时间为准;联合行文，以最后签发机关负责人的签发日期为准。

成文日期要用汉字标注，并将年、月、日标全，“零”写为“O”。

（6）公文生效标识。公章是公文生效的标志。单一机关制发的公文在落款处不署发文机关名称，只标识成文时间。成文时间右空4字;加盖印章应上距正文2㎜~4㎜，端正、居中下压成文时间，印章用红色。当印章下弧无文字时，采用下套方式，即仅以下弧压在成文时间上;当印章下弧有文字时，采用中套方式，即印章中心线压在成文时间上。当联合行文需加盖两个印章时，应将成文时间拉开，左右各空7字;主办机关印章在前;两个印章均压成文时间，印章用红色。只能采用同种加盖印章方式，以保证印章排列整齐。两印章互不相交或相切，相距不超过3mm。当联合行文需加盖3个以上印章时，为防止出现空白印章，应将各发文机关名称（可用简称）排在发文时间和正文之间。主办机关印章在前，每排最多排3个印章，两端不得超出版心;最后一排如余一个或两个印章，均居中排布;印章之间互不相交或相切;在最后一排印章之下右空2字标识成文时间。

（7）附注。附注是指需要附加说明的事项。如需解释的名词术语，或者是公文发送范围和阅读、传达对象等。公文如有附注，用3号仿宋体字，居左空2字加圆括号标识在成文时间下一行。

一、常见叙事线索

1、人物线索：人物的见闻感受或者事迹

2、物品线索：某一有特殊意义的物品。

3、感情线索：作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化。

4、事件线索：中心事件5、时间线索6、地点变换线索

找线索：①文章的标题②各段反复出现的事物③文中议论抒情的语句

④作者的思想感情（变化）⑤某一人物的见闻感受

作用：文章内容井然有序地组合在一起，人物的思想性格，事情的来龙去脉。

二、记叙顺序

1．顺叙：即按照事情的发生、发展和结局的顺序写（时间先后）。

作用：使文章脉络清楚，有头有尾，给人鲜明的印象。

2．倒叙：把后发生的事情写在前面，然后再按顺序进行叙述。

作用：避免平铺直叙，增强文章的生动性，使文章引人入胜。

3.插叙：在叙述过程中，由于内容的需要，中断原来情节的叙述，插入有关的情节或事件，然后再继续原来的叙述。（比如：回忆往事）

作用：补充、衬托出文章的中心内容（人物或事件），丰富了情节，深化了主题。

三、人物的描写方法

1、肖像（外貌）描写[包括神态描写]（描写人物容貌、衣着、神情、姿态等）：交代了人物的××身份、××地位、××处境、经历以及××心理状态、××思想性格等情况。

2、语言（对话）描写3、行动（动作）描写：形象生动地表现出人物的××心理（心情），并反映了人物的××性格特征或××精神品质。有时还推动了情节的发展。

3、心理描写：形象生动地反映出人物的××思想，揭示了人物的××性格或者××品质。

四、环境描写：自然环境描写和社会环境描写

自然环境（描写自然景观如天气、季节、山川、湖海等自然景物）：渲染××环境气氛、烘托人物的××情感、预示人物的××命运、推动故事情节的发展。

社会环境（描写社会状况或者人物活动的场景和周围（室内）的布局、陈设）：交代故事发生的××时代背景，渲染××环境气氛。

五、记叙文的词语或句子的含义辨析

1．结合特定语境（即具体的句、段、篇、上下文），分析含义。

2．要注意词语的感情色彩（褒义、贬义、中性），明了词的本义、引申义、比喻义、一词多义等。

3．注意语气或语调。

4．着眼于词句之间的搭配。

5、着眼于词义范围的大小、轻重程度。

6．注意言外之意（如：挖掘比喻句中的本体或者事物的象征意义，用平实的语言表达）。

六、记叙文开头句子的作用

1、开篇点××题；

2、总领全文；

3、引起下文，为下文××作铺垫。

4、设置悬念，引起读者的兴趣或思考。

5、为下文××埋下伏笔

七、记叙文中间句子的作用

1、承上启下的过渡作用；

2、段末起总结作用；（总结上文；引出下文）

3、为下文××埋下伏笔

4、为下文××情节作铺垫

5、推动了情节的发展

英语写作中积累很重要。下面是语文迷网为大家整理的英语四级作文精彩句式，希望对你有帮助。

一.开头句型

1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... .

4. What calls for special attention is that...

5. There’s no denying the fact that...

6. what’s far more important is that...

7.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

8.It is well-known that…

9.Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

10.According to a recent survey, ...

11. With the rapid development of ..., ...

二.结尾句型

1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

2.In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

5.Taking all these into account, we ...

6. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

7.All things considered, ...

8.It may be safely said that...

9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

10. It can be concluded from the discussion that...

11. From my point of view, it would be better if...

三.表原因句型

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...

4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...

6. Part of the explanations for it is that ...

7. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

8. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

9. Perhaps the primary factor is that ...

10. But the fundamental cause is that ...

四.表比较句型

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.

6.Like anything else, it has its faults.

7.A and B has several points in common.

8.However, the same is not applicable to B.

9. A and B differ in several ways.

10. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

五.表证明句型

1. No one can deny the fact that ...

2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.

3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...

4. Recent studies indicate that ...

5. There is sufficient evidence to show that ...

6. According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...

六.表结果句型

1. It may give rise to a host of problems.

2. The immediate result it produces is ...

3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...

4. Its consequence can be so great that...

七.表反驳句型

1. It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.

2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.

3. Many of us have been under the illusion that...

4. It makes no sense to argue for ...

5. Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...

6. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...

1、思想重视的不够

随着各种教学法涌入我国，对我国英语教学影响最大的当数“听说法”和&ldquo,日记;视听法”。这些教学法提倡将英语作为一门工具来对待，侧重学生语言技能的训练。然而，我们在着意于口头技能培养的同时却忽略了书面阅读和写作，在强调语言结构形式的反复操练的同时却忽略了学生语言能力的培养，从而导致教师和学生轻视英语写作现象的产生。

2、写作素材的缺乏

教师对小学英语写作究竟要写些什么缺乏明确的认识。大部分写作练习表现为简单机械的抄写，学生容易完成，老师易于批改，但写作内容与学生生活缺乏练习。

3、母语文法的束缚

小学生刚刚接触英语，在表达的过程中难免受到母语的构词法、语法和思维方式的影响，用汉语的方式组词或组句，以至于出现大量的文法错误，让人啼笑皆非。

句型1.

It (so) happened(chanced) that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced to do sth. =sb.did sth. by chance. 如：

It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。=He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there.

句型2.

It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/to be done/to have been done(还有动词appear等可这样使用)如:

It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.他好象以前去过北京。=He seemed to have been to Beijing before.

句型3.

It is / was+被强调的部分+that(who)+剩余的部分.如：

It wasn’t until he came back that I went to bed.直到他回来我才睡觉。(一定要注意被强调句型中的谓语动词否定的转移)。 It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school today.只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。(只能用because而不能用for, as 或since)

It is I who am a student. 我确实是个学生。(句中am不能用are来代替。)

句型4.

It is high time (time/ about time)+ (that) 主语+should do / did+其它。(从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气。)如:

It is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。

句型5.

It is / was said ( reported…)+that+从句. 如：

It was said that he had read this novel.据说他读过这篇小说。=He was said to have read this novel.

句型6.

It is impossible / necessary/ strange…that clause.(从句中的谓语用should+do / should have done，其形式是虚拟语气。)如：

It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪，他这次考试没有及格。

句型7.

It is + a pity/ a shame…that clause.(注意从句中的谓语动词用should do或should have done的形式，但should可以省略。)如：

He didn’t come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. 他直到电影结束才回来。他没有看到这部电影真可惜。

句型8.

It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /…that +clause.(从句的谓语动词用should do, 但should可以省略。)如：

It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议推迟会议。

句型9.

It is/was+表示地点的名词+where+从句。(注意本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句。)如：

It was this house where I was born.请比较：It was in this house that I was born.(后一句是强调句型。)

句型10.

It is / was +表示时间的名词+when+从句。(注意本句型也不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句。)如：

It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 请比较：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.

句型11.

It is well-known that+从句。如：

It is well-known that she is a learned woman.众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女。

句型12.

It is +段时间+since+主语+did. 请比较：

It was +段时间+since+主语+had done. 如：

It is five years since he left here.他已经离开这儿五年了。

It was five years since he left here.(同上)

注意下列句型的翻译:It is five years since he lived here.他从这儿搬走已经有五年了。

句型13.

It +谓语+段时间+before+主语+谓语.( before引导的是时间状语从句。) 如：

It wasn’t long before the people in that country rose up.没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。

It will be three hours before he comes back.三个小时之后他才能回来。

句型14.

It is +形容词(possible, impossible, necessary等) +for+ sb.+ to do. 如：

It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的。

句型15.

It is +(心理品质方面的)形容词+of + sb. +to do.= 主语+ be +形容词+to do.(常用的形容词有：kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等。)如：

It is kind of you to help me.=You are kind to help me.你真好给我提供了帮助。

一、文章形式的革命夹叙夹议

尽快脱离初中只重记叙，笼统归结的写法。高中的作文记叙只向最高水平开一条缝，你得复杂记叙，融情思与哲理于一炉，有最动人的细节和最精美的表达，巧妙蕴含深刻的思辨和无穷的回味，这不是一般人能做到的，更不是学不会议论抒情的同学的避难所。所以，比自己多练议论，远比固守初中记叙的窠臼要有前途。高中的记叙必须简约，只提炼能说明自己观点的内核，而尽量舍弃叙述的完整过程与细节。叙，惜墨如金；而起始学写议，应力求具体多点分析阐述。

二、文章立意的升华深入浅出

叙完笼统归结是初中模式作文的又一通病，常常文章的结尾具有宽泛的普适性，而缺乏对文章应有之义作具体针对性的挖掘阐发，常常文章的穿鞋戴帽大到可以套在无数篇文章上，却没什么真正的思考。高中作文倘使还用夹叙夹议，也要对叙的材料反复推敲，找出几例可以统一在一个观点里的材料，就材料的不同侧面来评析议论，最后上升归结出恰当切题、言之有物的中心。

三、文章表达的提高点睛生花

好的文笔追求更高效率、更多意蕴。描述中就渗透情思与评析，这是较高水平的表达。一般的叙议分段，也应注意所叙材料紧贴自己的议论，议论应采取逐层推进，前后分界，避免相互缠绕。但又必须前后连贯，形成一个整体。在文章中一定写好精心组织的关键议论，努力使文章多处呈现运用一定修辞的文采。

[高中话题作文写作基础介绍

Let‘s cross the bridge when we come to it.船到桥头自然直。下面是小编为你带来的初中英语写作常用谚语，欢迎阅读。

1. All roads lead to Rome.

条条大路通罗马。

2. Well begun is half done.

好的开端是成功的一半。

3. East, west, home is best.

金窝、银窝，不如自己的草窝。

4. First think, then act.

三思而后行。

5. It is never too late to mend.

亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。

6. Time is money.

时间就是金钱。

7. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真交。

8. Great hopes make great man.

远大的希望，造就伟大的人物。

9. Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

10. Stick to it, and you‘ll succeed.

只要人有恒，万事都能成。

11. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

早睡早起，富裕、聪明、身体好。

12. A good medicine tastes bitter.

良药苦口。

13. It is good to learn at another man‘s cost.

前车之鉴。

14. Let‘s cross the bridge when we come to it.

船到桥头自然直。

15. No pains, no gains.

不劳则无获。

16. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.

世上无难事，只要肯登攀。

17. Where there is life, there is hope.

生命不息，希望常在。

18. An idle youth, a needy age.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

19. A plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once.

花有重开日，人无再少年。

20. God helps those who help themselves.

自助者，天助之。

21. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

22. Diligence is the mother of success.

勤奋是成功之母。

23. Truth is the daughter of time.

时间见真理。

24. No man is wise at all times.

智者千虑，必有一失。

25. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。

26. Kill two birds with one stone.

一石双鸟。

27. Easier said than done.

说起来容易做起来难。

28. Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.

天才一分来自灵感，九十九分来自勤奋。

29. He who laughs last laughs best.

谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。

30. He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything.

身体健壮就有希望，有了希望就有了一切。

31. No man is born wise or learned.

人非生而知之。

32. Action speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

33. Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue.

勇敢和坚决是美德的灵魂。

34. There is no smoke without fire.

无风不起浪。

35. Many hands make light work.

人多好办事。

36. Reading makes a full man.

读书长见识。

37. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.

胸中有知识，胜于手中有金钱。

38. Seeing is believing.

百闻不如一见。

39. Money is a good servant but a bad master.

要做金钱的主人，莫作金钱的奴隶。

40. It‘s hard sailing when there is no wind.

无风难驶船。

41. The path to glory is always rugged.

通向光荣的道路常常是崎岖的。

42. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。

43. Quality matters more than quantity.

质重于量。

44. The on-looker sees most of the game.

旁观者清。

45. Joys shared with others are more enjoyed.

与众同乐，其乐更乐。

46. Happiness takes no account of time.

欢乐不觉日子长。

47. Time and tide waits for no man.

岁月不等人。

48. If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.

若要求知，必须刻苦。

49. Learn to walk before you run.

循序渐进。

50. From words to deeds is a great space.

言行之间，大有距离。

51. Skill and confidence are an unconquered army.

技能和信心是无敌的军队。

52. Habit is a second nature.

习惯成自然。

53. Two heads are better than one.

三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。

54. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

55. You can‘t make something out of nothing.

巧妇难为无米之炊。

56. Nothing for nothing.

不费力气，一无所得。

57. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

不犯错误者一事无成。

58. Nothing seek, nothing find.

无所求则无所获。

59. A little of every thing is nothing in the main.

每事浅尝辄止，事事都告无成。

60. A great ship asks deep waters.

大船要走深水。

万圣节又叫诸圣节，在每年的10月31日，是西方的传统节日。以下是关于万圣节的英语素材，供大家参考。

11月1日万圣节英文：Hallowmas，南瓜是万圣节的代表。

10月31日是万圣夜英文：Halloween，华语地区常将万圣夜称为万圣节。

Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31. By tradition, Halloween begins after sunset. Long ago, people believed that witches gathered together and ghosts roamed the world on Halloween. Today, most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. But these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween.

万圣节前夜是在10月31日庆祝的一个节日，根据传统，万圣节前夜的庆祝活动从太阳落山开始。在很久以前，人们相信在万圣节前夜女巫会聚集在一起，鬼魂在四处游荡。现在，大多数人们不再相信有鬼魂和女巫的存在了，但是他们仍然把这些作为万圣节前夜的一部分。

The colors black and orange are also a part of Halloween. Black is a symbol for night and orange is the color of pumpkins. A jack-o’-lantern is a hollowed-out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. Candles are usually placed inside, giving the face a spooky glow.

黑色和橙色仍然是万圣节前夜的一部分，黑色是夜晚的象征，而橙色代表着南瓜。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型，中间挖空，再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的，带来一个毛骨悚然的灼热面孔。

Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.

盛装是最受欢迎的万圣节风俗之一，尤其是受孩子们的欢迎。按照传统习俗，人们会盛装(穿戴一些特殊的服饰，面具或者装饰)来吓跑鬼魂。

Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).

流行的万圣节服装包括vampires(吸血鬼)，ghosts(死者的灵魂)和werewolves(每当月圆时就变成狼形的人)。

Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they dont get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.

欺骗或攻击是现代万圣节的风俗。孩子们穿着特殊的衣服走街串巷，讨取糖果和玩具之类的赏赐。如果他们得不到任何的赏赐，就可能会对屋主大搞恶作剧或者胡闹了。

The tradition of the Jack o Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.

南瓜灯的传统来自于一个民间传说。一个名叫Jack的人戏弄了恶魔，之后就不得不提着一盏灯在地球上流浪。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型，中间挖空，再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的。

There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!

和万圣节有关的迷信还有很多。迷信是一种不合常理的想法，比如认为13是不吉利的数字!

Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They dont really exist... or do they?

万圣节还和一些诸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之类的超自然的生物有关。这些生物不是自然界的一部分。他们实际上是不存在的......或许他们其实真的存在?

Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.

女巫是万圣节很受欢迎的人物，人们认为她们具有强大的魔力。他们通常戴着尖顶的帽子，骑在扫把上飞来飞去。

Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.

恶兆也是万圣节庆祝活动的一部分。人们相信恶兆会带给坏运气，黑猫、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是恶兆。

商务有文而成长，管理因案而规范

和说相比，写是更见真功夫的，也是要下更多功夫的。商务文案写作向来是让职场人士头疼的难事，也是很多稳健者、成功者、腾达者的强项优势。读了李玉珊老师的《商务文案写作》，很为如今的大学生高兴，为他们有了如此实用的职场实用工具而高兴，我相信青岛滨海学院的学生们就更是幸运了，因为和其他的读者相比，他们还能在李老师的课上感受到更生动的精彩与细节！ --- 国家商务策划师资质认证管理专家委员会副主任 万钧

第一章商务文案写作基础

学习目标

主要内容

本章小结

自学目标：了解商务文案的概念、作用、特点

掌握商务文案写作规范

了解商务文案写作的基本要素及思路

能力目标：自学《有限责任公司章程》，能够设立“模真”公司----×ד有限责任公司”。

小说是什么?理论上的定义是：小说是作者对社会生活进行艺术概括，通过叙述人的语 言来描绘生活事件，塑造人物形象，展开作品主题，表达作者思想感情，从而艺术地反映和 表现社会生活的一种文学体裁。而作家们对小说有着自己的认识，如贾平凹说："小说是什 么?小说是一种说话，说一段故事，我们作过许许多多的努力--世上已经有那么多的作家 和作品，怎样从他们身边走过，依然再走--其实都是在企图着新的说法。"(《白夜·后记》) 这种"小说是一种说话"的经验之谈，值得我们初学小说者认真思索。

小说的特点主要有三点：第一，以塑造人物形象为反映或表现生活的主要手段;第二， 有较完整、生动的情节;第三，有具体的、典型的环境描写。因此，人物、情节和环境被称 为"小说的三要素"。

小说的类别可分为：长篇小说，中篇小说，短篇小说和微型小说。在写作上，这四类小 说各有不同的要求。如短篇小说，它的篇幅和容量比较短小，一般二万字以下，两千字以上。 人物集中，故事单纯，结构紧凑。往往截取生活中富有典型性的某一侧面或片断加以集中描 绘，以提示社会生活的意义，"它往往只有一个主人公，一条线索;往往只写几个小时或几 天之内集中发生的事，但却使读者盾了以后可以联想到更远更多的事。"(茅盾)由于它借一 斑而窥全貌，以一目尽传精神，鲁迅把它譬之为"大伽蓝"中的"一雕栏一画础"。如他的 《狂人日记》、《风波》、《祝福》等。再如微型小说，它的篇幅更短，几十个字、几百个字至 一千多字。情节单一，人物很少。多取材于日常生活中的一件小事，寓有褒贬或哲理。如日 本现代作家星新一的《宝子姑娘》和我国当代一些作家的微型小说作品。小说家沙汀说："我 以为小说之分为长篇、中篇和短篇，主要的差异并不在于字数，而在于表现方法。"这个说 法对初学写作者来说，很有指导意义;要从事不同类别的小说写作，不能不仔细研究并熟练 地掌握它们不同的表现方法。

这篇关于小学生的半命题作文写作基础指导，是小编特地为大家整理的，欢迎阅读~希望对大家有所帮助!

这些年来，这类命题方式，已广泛而频繁地被语文老师运用到平时的作文训练中去了，诸如《——迷》、《我当——》、《我第一次——》、《我学会了——》、《请到——来》、《——给我温暖》、《我常常想起——》、《——，真有意思》、《——的一堂课》。《——见闻》、《——一角》、《怎样学——》、《读——后感》等等，都属这类作文命题。

考试时遇上了这类命题样式，并要写好这类作文，必须注意以下两点：

一、是认真审题。大凡这类命题样式，命题者在题目的前后总会有比较具体的要求的，对横线上所填入的内容，更有明确的提示，而这些要求或提示正是正确、全面审题的前提，一定要仔细审清。

比如《我学会了——》这个题目，命题者对横线上填人的对象作如下提示：“凡是你生活、学习实际中确实学会了的，都可以写。审题时，可以从这一提示中确定选材范围(是生活、学习中的)，确定写作对象(技能、方法)。

这样审明白了，心中有谱了，还得注意前面的“我学会了”。所谓“学会”，“学”反映一个过程，是“会”的前提，“会”，则反映了这一过程的程度和结果，是“熟练”和“能运用”的体现。“会”可以说是题眼，如果忽视了这一题眼，必定不能很好地反映出文章的中心。认真审明“学会”的含义，对确定填人横线上的写作对象，很有作用。否则，你可能填人的写作对象只是“学了”或“会一点”，而不是“学会”。

二、是认真选材。这类作文的选材与在横线上填人的写作对象是一致的，只是前者具体后者概括而已。因而，要所选材料达到新颖独特，首先横线上填人的写作对象必须新颖独特，与众不同。

怎样才能如此呢?要有发散性思维，或者要有求异性思维。这就是说。面对考题，先进行一番发散性思维，即跳出命题者提示的写作对象进行广泛的思考，想到很多很多。然后集中起来，分析比较，逐一筛选。筛选的原则是自己最熟悉、感受最深刻的，别人没有经历过，或根本想不到的。

这样的写作对象一经确定，选择材料也就有依据了。有一年，一所初中的作文考试题目是《我第一次———》，面对这样的考题，我们应该怎样在认真审题的基础上，充分展开了求异思维呢?我们应该怎样写，才能得高分呢?

题目：我第一次———审清题意这是半命题作文，题目所给出的一半“我第一次”是对内容的限制，要求写生活中的某种第一次经历，题目中所要补充的一半，是习作者的亲身经历，如第一次种花、买菜、做饭、洗衣服、坐飞。机、制做科技小制品等。

确定文章中心记叙生活中的第一次经历的事情，说明从中所受到的教益或产生的欢乐心情。在生活中，我们经历的第一次太多了。但事情有大、小、好、坏之分，应该选择有意义的事情来写，第一次做事情做的成功，会产生喜悦;第一次做的失败，会留下深刻的教训。事情的成功与失败，都会对同学有教益。

为什么有的同学观察的非常细致，可写出的文章却有不少毛病呢?没有意义呢?主要是因为这些同学不会对材料进行加工、提炼。1、加工提炼材料。我们知道，作文的材料来自于生活，但生活和文章之间不能划等号。生活不等于文章。文章是作者对生活的观察分析之后写出来的。所以，我们在观察生活，获得写作素材之后，还必须认真进行研究，哪些地方要补充细节，哪些内容应该舍弃，经过周密的思考，经过周密的分析，精心组织材料才能写出中心明确而又有意义的文章。

2、要学会在文中穿插写其他人物。写自己第一次经历的事情，要用第一人称，这样写真实可信亲切感人。为了避免叙述呆板，可以在故事中穿插有关的人物。我们发现不少的同学在作文中，常常只管写“我、怎样怎样做”，“我怎样怎样说”，忽视了有关的人和事，因市把故事写得呆板、枯燥。

其实生活中，我做事情往往会涉及到其他的人和事。如果在作文里能够有选择地穿插写有关的人，可以使文章生动活泼。叙事当中穿插写人，不要节外生枝、画蛇添足。穿插写其他人物，要能帮助突出中一心。叙事中穿插其他人物，但仍以写“我”为主。巧妙地穿插可以使故事的情节曲折动人。

3、会用点题的方法。在写人叙事的过程中，要学会用简炼的语言点清题意，这是小学生写作文的基本功之一。学会点题加强文题和内容之间的联系，更好地突出中心思想，在何处点题应当根据故事情节的推进人物性格的发展而定。可以在篇首、篇末或篇中点题之法，落笔重在故事情节的关键之处。在篇首点题，重在开宗明义;在篇未点题，重在深化中心;在篇中点题，重在因势利导。点题之笔要精炼，富有概括力，具有启发性。

【提要】英语四六级四级信息 : 20176月英语四级写作高分黄金句式【1】

▌列举法

列举法是四级写作中常用的方法，一般用first, second等一系列标志词引出原因或者可能的影响等。列举法常用的素材有：

引出列举

1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain ______. 也许有一些因素造成/可以解释______。

2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in ______.引起______显著增长/下降的原因有三个/许多/几个/很多。

3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解释这一趋势。

4. Why ______ ?为什么______?

5. The causes of ______ are varied. They include______ , perhaps the main cause is ______. 造成______的原因有很多，包括______,主要原因可能是______。

6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 这一问题的原因不难发现。

7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors. 要找出这一现象的原因并非易事，因为它涉及若干复杂的因素。

8. There are numerous reasons why ______, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. ______的原因有很多，这里我只想探讨其中几个最重要的原因。

9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones. 导致这种现象的原因有很多，以下是其中比较有代表性的。

10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones. 有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而言，我认为以下原因比较典型。

11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of ______. 引起______变化的因素有很多。

分条列举

1. In the first place, ______. In the second place______ .首先，______。其次，______。

2. First,______ . Second, ______ . 首先，______。其次，______。

3. To begin with, ______. Secondly, ______. Last but not least, ______.首先，______。其次，______。最后但并不是最不重要的，______。

4. The first reason is that ______. The second one is ______. The third is ______. 第一个原因是______。第二个原因是______。第三个原因是______。

5. First of all, ______. Secondly,______ . Furthermore,______ .首先，______。其次，______。另外，______。

6. For one thing, ______. For another, ______.一方面,______。另一方面，______。

7. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______. Thirdly, ______.首先，______。其次，______。再次，______。

8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe______.我不同意上述观点的另一个原因是我认为______。

▌对比法

对比法是指通过对比两种截然不同的观点来陈述其中的利弊，从而得出自己的结论。对比法常用的素材有：

1. The advantages gained in ______ outweigh/are much g

书面表达是英语写作的重要组成部分，有不少学生觉得用英语写作很难，不知从何练起。笔者教学实践发现，首先要具备扎实的基础知识，抓住课本教学来培养学生的写作能力，立足教材，由易到难，由浅入深，采取多种形式来加强书面表达训练，这样英语写作水平才能得到提高。

一是通过词汇教学训练写作能力。要写好文章不是一朝一夕就能达到的，必须从最基础的词汇入手。教学中，教师要注意加强词汇方面的训练，力求给学生交代清楚每一个词语的具体用法。对一些重点的、核心的词汇讲清，讲透每个词语的单独用法和搭配用法。为了更有效地与课本结合起来，每学完一个单元，根据本单元的单词、短语造句，举一反三，帮助学生扩大词汇量，使学生词不离句，强化写作训练。

二是通过一句多译练习训练写作能力。就七年级学生而言，他们虽然接触英语学习时间不长，但教师还是要注重引导学生多做一些一句多译练习，这样有助于启发学生的写作思路。考试时选择自己有把握的句子灵活地表达同一内容，减少失误，提高得分率。通过做汉译英练习，暴露出学生受母语影响的问题，对这些问题我及时进行讲评和纠正。这样，有利于培养和规范学生的英语表达能力。

三是结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。目前，信息来源的渠道多种多样，学生课文中有记叙、日记、通知、便条、书信、广告和说明等多种体裁，文中还有大量的插图，教师可利用图片让学生进行看图写作。要学好英语写作就必须从课文练起，从一些常见的文体练起，由短到长，由浅入深，循序渐进地进行。

四是通过背诵训练写作。培养学生的英语写作能力，以课文为中心训练写作能力非常重要，因为课文中的句子就是规范的英语范文。因此，每学完一篇课文或对话，教师就要要求学生背诵，然后默写。这样使学生把词语放在句型、段落、篇章中去理解、记忆和体味，以至于能够仿写、改写。

五是通过仿写和改写训练写作能力。仿写也是提高英语写作能力行之有效的方法，模仿写作中，格式、构思、表达方式等方面都可模仿。但要提醒学生注意灵活变通，语句要通顺，符合英语表达习惯。仿写前要从时态，句型，内容选材等方面对学生加以辅导，指导学生怎样模仿，特别提醒学生注意时态。

另外，改写也是一种很好的方法，改写就是对文章材料的文体、式样、句式等进行改编的一种训练方式。无论是改人称、改时态，还是改对话材料为叙述文字，这都有助于学生复习巩固所学知识，又能培养学生所学知识的迁移运用能力，还能起到提高学生的写作能力。

总之，要提高学生的英语写作能力，就要培养学生养成良好的学习习惯。即：重视词、短语、造句，优秀的对话和课文要背诵，多做翻译练习，练习改写和仿写，结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，才能写出准确、地道、规范的英语文章。

现代诗歌在我们国家发展只有短短数十年历史，今天小编介绍现代诗歌的写作基础，一起来了解下吧：

一、语言和意境的运用

我们都知道，现代诗歌有三个明显而具体的要素，它们是：语言，意境和韵律由此可见语言和意境对一首现代诗歌有多么关键的作用如果要鉴赏一部现代诗歌的好坏，这两个因素是首先的，必不可少，也是不能忽略的

语言来自于生活，我们都知道，但任何体裁文章使用的语言，都不是真正在生活里的语言“艺术来源于生活，更高于生活”，其实这指的也就是任何文学体裁的语言来源于生活，但也“必将高于生活”

作为一种诗意化的文学体裁，在语言这方面，就更有着不可言说重要作用和魅力了一部现代诗歌里，如果语言优雅而别致，就必定有一些嚼头和看头；而如果语言使用不当，就会败坏整个作品的氛围和格调至于意境，我个人认为也就是能渲染作品和氛围的一些东西，可以是一幅幅打开的画面，由远及近，或由近及远，也可是一种感触或哲思，禅意也就是说意境的划分大致两类：有形和无形，能看得见的物体和画面，就是有形的意境；还有一种意境是无形的，因为并没有那种画面合物体，这种意境存在的只是一种思想，或感悟

下面，我们通过具体作品，来领略一下语言和意境的魅力首先我们来阅读诗人何三坡的诗歌作品《麻雀》

麻雀

雪在大山下降落

房屋蹲在雪地里

屋顶上蹲着炊烟

麻雀们打扮成

秋天的叶子

从树杈上落下来

又顷刻间

回到树上去

短短数语，诗人却已利用优雅的语言和意境，向我们敞开了一幅优美的画面“雪在大山下降落/房屋蹲在雪地里/屋顶上蹲着炊烟”，在这三句简单诗句里，我们能体会到一种很美的意境，这是一种有形意境，“洁白的雪花，房屋，雪地，炊烟”，几个朴实的物象，在不经意间，已起落有致呈现在读者面前，其实已营造了一种特别雅致的意境和氛围，源自大自然的宁静与圣洁，引人入胜，又令读者浮想联翩而“从树杈上落下来 /又顷刻间 /回到树上去”，实际上也算是一种有形兼无形的意境了，在这种无形的意境里，我们不仅看到了麻雀，叶子，树木，还有一种视觉和思想的辽阔，有着不少感悟和思考，严寒下动物们乐观生存，努力向上，对于人类，实际上又是一种多大的鼓励和感恩

“麻雀们打扮成 /秋天的叶子/从树杈上落下来/又顷刻间回到树上去”，在这里我们还能领略到诗人语句和叙说的优雅，“麻雀们打扮成/秋天的叶子”，几乎没有过多的修饰，而带给读者的却是无比干净和明朗，“从树杈上落下来/又顷刻间回到树上去”，在安静的画面里，突然峰回路转，可爱的麻雀向上飞起，带领读者的视线上升，上升，在不经意间，宁静的画面在动，向上飞翔和超越短短的诗歌作品也由此获得了巨大成功在此，我们足够领悟到了语言和意境给作品和读者带来的巨大魅力

二、韵律和节奏的把握

凡是接触过文学的人，我们都知道韵律的意思在古典诗词里，韵律的作用十分重要，如果缺少了韵律，或韵律不整，那么古典诗词就不能叫诗词，最好的诗词也会失去看头

新文化运动后，在早期的现代诗歌里，诗人们对韵律的把握非常周到而细致在早期现代诗歌作品里，我们经常能读到那些韵律和节奏把握都很巧妙的好作品，这些好作品带给我们的感受，通常是阅读轻快，优美，抑扬顿挫，也或干练，大气，醇厚，回味悠长这些韵律和节奏的佳作，同时也是最好的朗诵作品

那么我们再回过来，带着节奏与韵律的品味，来欣赏先哲现代诗人的佳作

再别康桥（节选）作者 徐志摩

轻轻的我走了

正如我轻轻的来

我轻轻的招手

作别西天的云彩

那河畔的金柳

是夕阳中的新娘

波光里的艳影

在我的心头荡漾

软泥上的青荇

油油的在水底招摇

在康河的柔波里

我甘心作一条水草

那榆荫下的一潭

不是清泉是天上虹

揉碎在浮藻间

沉淀着彩虹似的梦

……

全诗共七节，每节四行，每行两顿或三顿，不拘一格而又法度严谨，韵式上严守二、四押韵，抑扬顿挫，朗朗上口优美的韵律和节奏在作者把握下，诗人打开的叙说仿佛一湖水美丽的涟漪，带着清凉和透彻，渐渐荡开在读者面前如果轻轻朗诵起来，就更有一番滋味了，那缓缓打开的美丽而恬静的物象“云彩，金柳，夕阳，新娘，……”“轻轻的走了，轻轻地来了”，一幅幅春天碧绿的画面映入读者眼中，“在康河的柔波里/我甘心作一条水草”，…… 真是温暖而心动，惬意而轻快，柔情并美妙，又仿佛一曲曲轻轻的歌儿，回荡在我们耳边

这也就是很多诗人以为的，现代诗歌，不仅是诗，更是一曲优美的歌儿纵览诗人的作品，品味其完美的韵律和意境，我们才知道，现代诗歌，有着多么巨大的魅力，令人陶醉

而在数十年后的今天，现代诗歌翻越了无数个台阶今天的现代诗歌完全是自由的，充满个性，它们大气，奔放，内敛，开阔，并无忧无虑也就是说，在今天现代诗歌表达上，众多诗友也许抛弃了诗歌原本该具备的韵律，但节奏仍旧是必不可少的在某个意义上说，节奏其实就代表了作品的一种气势，也可以说是一种风格，如果节奏把握得巧妙，它将成为诗人们的一种个性，也可能由此诞生各类风格，形成百家争鸣

三、清新灵动法

我们都知道，诗歌都是由每个细致的句子构成这里的清新和灵动，指的就是句子的表达和结构一个句子的构成，有许多种方式，在表达上，一般个人都喜欢用自己惯用的手法和个性来组织语言，有拖沓的，凝练的，清新和雅致的，也有繁琐和啰嗦的，诗歌水平和风格的差异，我想首先就是来源于一个人组织语言能力的差异吧清新其实只是一种感觉，是清爽和鲜活的组合如果一个句子的组合或一首诗歌的表达能达到这点，给读者默默间送去清爽和鲜活，又怎能不令读者喜欢和动容？

而灵动，则是指表达中蕴含一种无形的力量和动感，使陈旧的画面鲜活，使静止的物象跳跃，使暗淡的颜色明亮，甚至能令死去的物体再次重生！由此，我们可见灵动有多么巨大的作用，也由此可见，灵动的“动”实际上就是一种无言的力量下面我们具体以诗来分析

冬日阳光

它们翻过墙壁，防盗网

翻过紧闭的玻璃，纱窗

轻轻跳下来

游荡在房间里

多么活泼的一群鱼啊

它们穿金黄衣裳

它们游弋在凛冽的空气

它们游弋在洁白的地板上

我静静的看着

仿佛寒冷的时光复苏

仿佛那些欢悦的鱼儿，就游弋在我温暖的心海里

在这首精致而短小的诗歌里，我们能领略到诗歌这种文学体裁带给我们的无比温暖与美好的感觉，浓浓的诗意贯穿其中这首诗歌最大的特点就是清新和灵动，此外画面感也特别强在第一节“它们翻过墙壁，防盗网/翻过紧闭的玻璃，纱窗/轻轻跳下来/游荡在房间里”，在这我们看到了作者清新的语言，没有琐碎和繁杂，而“翻过”、“跳下来”、“游荡”等一系列动词又恰到好处，由远及近，引领读者的视线和感官，清清爽爽

在第二节，更是有一种意蕴的美感和动感，这里的冬日阳光被“默化”成一群群活泼的鱼，“它们穿金黄衣裳/它们游弋在凛冽的空气里/它们游弋在洁白的地板”，阳光本是安静的，甚至有静止之觉，而作者利用巧妙的比喻和叙说，令安静的事物游动，令安静的画面跳跃，由此，则不得不叹息清新和灵动的神奇作用

而在第三节，作者则又巧妙地升华了动感，将画面的动感继续拉伸，利用灵动的句子，轻轻向上跳动，“我静静的看着/仿佛寒冷的时光复苏/仿佛那些欢悦的鱼儿，就/游弋在我温暖的心海里”，呵呵，阳光普照万物，也普照每个人的心海，“仿佛那些欢悦的鱼儿，就/游弋在我温暖的心海里”，温暖的阳光变成一群金色的鱼，它们温暖而热烈的游进来一个人的心房，也游进了读者的心房如此温和与热烈，如此柔情与细腻，此情此景，又怎能不令人欢欣！

四、拟人法

说到拟人，我们都知怎么回事，而诗歌里的拟人，并不是单纯的比喻，如果是这样，那么诗歌就要丢失原本具备的诗意，语感和意韵

诗歌中的拟人法，是指将要表达的主题或物象形象的人物化，或借用人物的某些个性的特点来咏物，如果表达恰当，甚至能让虚拟的人和真实的物共成一体，借人咏物，以物喻人，取得的效果，自然不可比拟下面我们来看看拟人法的神奇作用

月光  作者：何三坡

你提着裙子从后山上下来

树叶们在晚风中浮起

月光在木门上涌动

呵呵，读何三坡的作品，总有着更多的感动和喜悦在这短短的三句话话里，作者利用寥寥数字，干脆利落，打开了无数美丽的意象，尽管短小，读起来却余香满口，意韵无穷“你提着裙子从后山上下来”，很明显，这是用的拟人法了，因为月亮不是人类，更不会穿上属于女人的漂亮裙子

静夜月圆树叶晃动月光洒落在木门上伫立在夜里的诗人，看到皎洁的月亮挂在上空，晕黄的月光慢慢挥洒下来，美得令人浮想联翩的月亮，此刻在诗人眼内，不是一个没有温度和情感的物体，而是一个温柔并优雅的女人“你提着裙子从后山上下来”，什么的样的女人才会有如此的优雅和淡然呢？必定是温尔多情，必定是美到极至由此，在诗人笔下，将一轮明月拟人化为一个无比温柔并优雅女人，带着不可言说的华美和宁静；同时，诗人在借人咏物的这一刻，又以物喻人，也就是说，在将月光比喻成的女人，同时又将女人升华成月光的无限境界，这里诗人又默默无声赞叹了天下女人，象月光般皎洁，纯净的女人，正好是艺术的最大升华

五、素描法

说到素描，我们都知道是怎么回事就是用铅笔在白纸上画下物体或人像，也可以是粗象的思维那么，诗歌是用语言组合起来的，又怎么来用笔来绘画呢？呵呵，写诗时咱们不必借用铅笔，有时候，语言就是最好铅笔，在我们的手中，利用意境和韵律，咱们可以描绘出一幅幅比铅笔和白纸更加美丽的画面而且，这些画面里，不只有美丽，粗犷，细腻，或朦胧，还有图画作品所不能及的柔美，感性，优美的意境，诗意，以及打开的哲思，读起来余香满口，回味悠长下面，我们在诗歌作品里来感受一下素描法的魅力

深  秋

广袤的大地 湖水搁浅接近枯黄的草 灌木萧瑟  狗尾草仍在翘首花白的等待

清凉的风涌过来  那些深黄的野菊花  在舞动后  打出轻轻的寒颤

这里作者很明显使用了素描的手法，利用诗歌语言来绘画，极好地打开了一幅深秋的画面这里我们不仅看到了一幅秋天遍布山野的画面，还读到了这些画面里所有事物的美丽和诗意“广袤的大地/湖水搁浅接近枯黄的草”，仿佛是一幅摆放在眼前的画面，背景是广袤的大地，这是远和大的视觉，之后映入眼帘的就是背景里的景物了“湖水搁浅，接近枯黄的草”，仍旧是背景里稍远一些的事物和景象，慢慢的，画面感在拉近：“灌木萧瑟/狗尾草仍在翘首花白的等待”，于是我们看到了低矮的“灌木”，灌木旁有“狗尾草仍在翘首花白的等待”这就是作者在第一节打开的画面这个画面里我们还同时领略到了不少大自然真实的颜色：搁浅的湖水，枯黄的草，灌木萧瑟，狗尾草花白的等待在绘画作品里，作者得花费大量时间和颜料来搭配制作各种颜色，而在诗歌素描作品里，则只需寥寥数语，便可达到画面所具备的大多感官，由此，又不得不再次赞扬文字的奇妙

在第二节里，我们能看到画面感的升华，以及思想艺术升华原来作者要表达的不仅是一幅深秋的画面，还有更深刻的对大自然和植物不屈不挠的赞扬“清凉的风涌过来/那些深黄的野菊花/在舞动后/打出轻轻的寒颤”，“那些深黄的野菊花”应该就是画面中的主体了，在描叙众多暗淡的颜色后，作者最后指向的是一种“深黄色的娇嫩”在深秋，万物枯涩，河水搁浅，唯有坚强而美丽的野菊花傲立在凛冽的环境里，即使“清凉的风涌过来”，骄傲的野菊花，也仅仅是“舞动后，打出轻轻的寒颤”如果一个人，在不论遇到多大的困难和挫折时，都能像这无名的野菊花一样骄傲和挺立，无视一切寒风冷雨，那么，这又该是怎样灿烂的人生风景！

[现代诗歌写作基础

五一劳动节，始于美国工人在19世纪90年代为争取8小时工作日而进行的斗争。自那以后，世界人民便开始庆祝这一天 - 国际劳动节。这个日子在全球所扮演的角色体现了它的力量：正是在这一天，全世界所有的工人们宣布为了共同的目标而一起奋斗。

Labor Day, began in USA workers for the 8 hour day struggle in nineteenth Century 90s.. Since then, the people of the world began to celebrate this day, international labor day. It plays role in the world embodies its strength: it is in this day, the whole world all workers announced strive together for a common goal.

在许多个五一劳动节里，工人们都受到镇压，他们的活动被禁止，流血事件还时常发生。五一节逐渐失去它原来的意义，成为了独裁者和集权统治的政权对抗工人运动的一种标志性装饰;又或者就是一个平平安安的法定假日。尽管事实如此，工人们仍然满怀信心地庆祝劳动节，因为大家都知道这个社会是靠着我们的力量、眼睛、双手和智慧而不断地发展和强壮，还需要我们不断地支持。

In many Labor Day, workers are suppressed, their activities were banned, the bloodshed has often happened. Five one Jie gradually lost its original meaning, become a kind of decoration workers movement against dictator and symbol of power centralization rule; or is a peaceful holiday. Despite the fact that, workers are still full of confidence to celebrate the labor day, because we all know that this society is relying on our strength, eyes, hands and wisdom and constantly development and strong, we also need to continue to support.

正是在这一天，我们坚持体面的工作、工人健康、饮食和住房、教育和文化表达，都是我们应得的权利，而不是特权。我们志在获得这些权利。然而在这一天，我们从未胆怯卑微地去找法官和狱卒，从未守在财长们进行会议的地方，从未说服他们工会是有益于做生意，也从未要求进行更多的对话。正是在这一天，我们大声地说出：你们的银行，你们的买断、买回，给我们带来了痛苦和大量的失业工人;你们的贸易协定和专利制让工人们无法谋生，更破坏了所有人类获得食物、水和药物的权利。正是在这一天，我们大声地说出：我们不仅要建设一个更加美好的世界，而且，我们也坚决不会让世界越变越差。

It is in this day, we adhere to the expression of decent work, health, diet and housing, education and culture, we are right, not a privilege. Were aiming to acquire these rights. However, on this day, we never fear to the judge and the humble, never keep in the finance ministers meeting place, never persuade their union is beneficial to do business, never asked for more dialogue. It is in this day, we say: your bank, you buy, buy back, causing pain and a large number of unemployed workers to our trade agreements and patent system; you let the workers were unable to make a living, even destroy all humans for food, water and medicine to the right. It is in this day, we say out loud: we not only need to build a better world, moreover, we also determined not to let the world become worse.

五一劳动节是大家庆祝过去、庆祝现在和庆祝未来的日子。我们庆祝的方式就是争取应有权利和向全世界表达我们争取权利的决心。让我们一起大声又自豪地庆祝五一国际劳动节吧。

Labor Day we celebrate the past, now and future day celebration to celebrate. We celebrate the way is to fight for their rights and express our determination to fight for the rights of the whole world. Let us loud and proud to celebrate International WorkersDay.

1. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

2. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

3. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

想要把作文写好，那么我们应该要具备哪一些条件呢？而当我们在学习在写作的时候，要学习一些什么呢？下面是小编为大家搜集整理出来的有关于写作基础的五步走，希望可以帮助到大家！

(一)素质训练，也叫基础训练

任何一种技能技巧的形成，并使之达到熟练程度，都必须经过干锤百炼，所谓熟能生巧、巧能生华就是这个意思。竞走、赛跑运动员的速度是练出来的，游泳、自行车运动员的速度也是练出来的。快速作文也一样，要提高写作成文速度，主要靠练。快速作文没有秘诀，没有魔图，只要通过严格训练，就能出成果，问题是要有科学的训练方法和步骤。

快速作文训练的中心是“快”，这种训练是在学生具有一定的写作基础和掌握了一定的写作技巧的基础上求“快”、求“好”的训练，如果写作素质太差，就没法进行快速训练。达到下列目的：

1、提高写作兴趣，培养写作情感

心理学告诉我们，兴趣是获得知识、形成技能技巧、开发智力的动力。因此，任何形式的教学都必须严格遵循兴趣性原则。只有当学生对写作文产生了浓厚的兴趣时，快速作司文训练才会有成效。心理学同时告诉我们，兴趣与当前的需要有关，因此提高学生写作兴趣的办法虽然是多种多样的，但是其中重要的一条便是向学生进行快速写作目的教育，如果学生认识了快速作文的必要性，他就会对作文产生浓厚的兴习趣。另外，出作文题要紧跟形势，与时代同步，要切合学生的生活实际，命题要尽量新，能激发学生的写作兴趣，使学学生有话可写。

2．积累写作材料

这一点要贯穿到整个快速作文训练的始终，但在基础训练阶段要重点抓。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，没有写作材料，再好的写作高手也难以完篇。因此，一定要求学生分专题记住；一些典型材料，譬如有关爱国主义，党的领导，尊重知识，改革开放，廉政建设，学雷锋等等，每个方面都要记住一两个典型材料。材料的积累，教师只能做指导，要让学生自己去找，不要全班统一，全班统一了，写作的论据就会雷同。所积累的材料要注意三点：一要典型，二要准确，三要记牢。要强调用脑记，要背，不能光靠笔记本。材料越充足，写作速度就越快。

3．丰富写作语言

如果学生语言贫乏，写作时搜索枯肠也找不到一句恰当的话来表达自己的意思，往往写了涂，涂了又写，就无法提高写作速度。如果词汇不丰富，写到中途某个字不会写或者没有一个恰当的词来表达自己的意思，这样写作就会“卡壳”，当然也就达不到快速作文的目的。因此，写作语言的训练和词汇的积累是十分重要的。丰富写作语言的方法之一是，背书和加强课外阅读，书读得越多，背得越熟，作文就会越通顺，语言就会有文采，不会老说口水话。再就是指导学生学习群众生动活泼的语言，克服学生腔。另外，要指导学生积累词汇，词汇丰富，写起作文来就能得心应手，速度也就快了。

4．训练书写能力

书写能力的高低直接影响写作速度。因此进行快速作文教学，必须强化书写能力训练。作文不是书法竞赛，并不要求铁画银钩，但也不能龙飞凤舞，我们要求学生养成良好的书写习惯，把字写得清楚、规范、工整。具体做法主要是临摩字帖，每个学生应备有两本字帖，一本正楷，一本行书，先练正楷，后学行书，逐日临摩，坚持不懈，定能收到良好的效果。总之，通过素质训练，要使学生想写作文，爱写作文，并且有东西可写，话写得通顺。

(二)思维训练

快速作文的关键是快速思维训练。思维是人脑对客观事物本质特征和规律性的认识。快速思维则要求学生在分析、综合，比较、抽象、概括和具体化的整个思维过程中，思维活动应具有广泛性、独立性、敏捷性和创造性。一见到作文题能立即做出反应，要求审题、立意、谋篇、布局的全过程不超过五分钟。抓好快速作文思维训练主要从三个方面入手：

1、树立正确的世界观

思维是人脑对客观事物的概括的、间接的反映。要正确反映客观世界，首先必须具有正确的世界观。因此，要和政治课相配合，组织学生学习马列主义、毛泽  东思想，掌握辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基本原理，要了解当前党的各项方针政策。正确的政治观点、思维观点是快速思维的定向器和指示灯。因此，必须教育学生关心国家大事，树立远大理想，加强政治修养，提高政治觉悟。

2．加强抽象思维训练

议论文的构思过程，实际上就是抽象思维的过程，因此，必须教给学生分析、概括、综合、判断等基本逻辑方法和纵向思维、逆向思维、反向思维、辐射思维等思维方法。训练抽象思维的方法是多种多样的，我认为最有效的方法是组织学生进行讨论和辩论。课堂讨论应允许学生和老师唱“对台戏”，要鼓励学生在课外争论问题，学生争得面红耳赤的时侯，也就是思维最活跃、最敏捷的时候。

3．进行形象思维训练

写记叙文离不开想象、联想、幻想等形象思维活动。要求学生在很短的时间内写好一篇记叙文，没有扎实的形象思维训练是不行的。训练形象思维的方法之一是有目的地指导学生观察事物的基本形象，牢记心头，并组织学生参观、访问。要重视写回忆录，回忆录的写作过程实际就是训练形象思维的过程。

总之，通过这一步训练，要达到开拓学生思维的目的，使学生变得思维敏捷，对作文题反应迅速，想象力丰富，要改变学生中普遍存在的思维迟钝、思想涣散的不良习惯。

(三)写作速度训练

第一步素质训练是基础，第二步思维训练是关键，这第三步的速度训练则是目的。整个快速作文训练的最终目的就是要求学生能够快速写作。如果第一、二步训练都抓得扎实，速度训练就会见效。基本做法是严格要求，限时作文。为了提高速度，每次作文都只能安排一个课时，一定要严格要求，当堂完卷。要求学生做到快速审题，快速立意，快速布局谋篇，快速写作，快速修改。总之，一切都要立足于一个“快"字。40分钟的时间分配大致是这样的：审题、立意(确定中心思想)和谋篇布局(编写作提纲)不超过5分钟，写作30分钟，修改5分钟。通过训练，这个要求一般学生都能做到。另外，在班内开展快速作文竞赛也是个提高写作速度的好办法，一搞竞赛，学生的兴趣就来了。刚开始进行速度训练时，有些学生是跟不上的，40分钟怎么也写不完。怎么办呢?二是多加鼓励，切忌指责；二是暂时迁就，但绝不放松要求。时间一到，一律收卷，没写完也要收卷。这样，学生下次写作文就有一种紧迫感和时间观念。有些学生，一讲快速作文，字就乱涂乱画。碰到这样的学生怎么办呢?不能操之过急，分两步走，先要求写完800字，再要求字迹清楚。作文不是书法竞赛，不要求铁画银钩，只要字体工整，文字规范就行。个别字迹潦草的学生，要加强教育和书写指导。

(四)技巧训练

第三步训练要求解决写作速度问题，这一步训练便是"快”中求巧，同时，也是对速度训练成果的巩固和提高。基本方法是专题指导，讲练结合。如果前三步抓得扎实，这一步训练往往水到渠成。通过这一阶段的训练，不但要使学生熟练地掌握各种文体的写法和技巧，更重要的是要掌握快速写作的技巧。比如快速审题、快速立意、快速谋篇布局、快速写作、快速修改等技巧，都要分专题进行归纳，总结和指导，还要能快速应付写作中随时出现的“卡壳”现象，诸如走题、空洞、松散、结构混乱、词不达意、字不会写等毛病的纠正和意外情况的应付办法。至于这些快速写作的具体技巧和方法，我在下面将作专门介绍，在这里就不一一赘述。

(五)综合训练

通过以上四步训练，学生基本掌握了快速写作的方式与技巧，具备了快速写作的基础。为了全面提高快速作文的能力，必须进行综合训练。

导语：中学经常接触到三种题材的写作，分别是记叙文，说明文，议论文，下面小编带来三种文体的知识口诀，一起来看看吧!

一、记叙文知识点

时间地点和人物，主要人物中心定;(中心：中心思想)

起因经过和结果，记叙要素要分清;

记叙顺序有四种，顺插倒补看事情;(顺插倒补：顺叙、插叙、倒叙、补叙)

第一人称以我写，局外人写三人称;

表达方式有五种，叙议抒描和说明;(叙议抒描：记叙、议论、抒情、描写)

人物描写有四种，肖像动作和言心;(言心：语言描写和心理活动描写)

环境描写记分明，社会自然要分清;

记叙文体多线索，时空物人和感情;(时空物人：时间、空间、事物和人物)

抑扬对比和陪衬，象征手法加拟人。(抑扬：先抑后扬和先扬后抑;手法：写作手法)

二、说明文知识点

给人知识说明文，介绍事物阐事理;

基本要求抓特征，多用方法来表意;(特征：事物的特征;方法：说明方法)

图表数字和举例，诠释分类下定义;(画图表、列数字、举例子、作诠释、分类别)

还有比较和比方，阅读写作要注意;(作比较、打比方)

说明顺序只三种，时间空间和逻辑;

说明语言要准确，简洁平实求浅易;

总分并列和递进，说明结构细分析。(总分：包括总分关系、总分总关系和分总关系)

三、议论文知识点

表明观点和主张，以理服人议论文;

观点态度要鲜明，论据一定要充分;

例证引证和喻证，对比论证要分明;(四种论证方法)

提出问题是引证，分析问题即本论;

解决问题是结论，议论结构须分清;

议论语言要准确，更是要求严密性。

"I like honest men of all colors."我喜欢所有诚实的人。

"I start out by believing the worst."我凡事先做好最坏的打算。

"It requires more courage to suffer than to die."茍活比牺牲需要更多的勇气。 。

"I have made all the calculations; fate will do the rest."我已做了所有的打算，其余就交给上帝了。

"Our hour is marked, and no one can claim a moment of life beyond what fate has predestined."生死有命，没有人能要求多活一秒钟。

"If I had not been born Napoleon, I would have liked to have been born Alexander."如果今天我不是拿破仑的话，我想成为亚历山大。

"The great proof of madness is the disproportion of ones designs to ones means."一个人的计划与实践存在太大的落差即是疯狂的表现。

"The stupid speak of the past, the wise of the present, and fools of the future."聪明的人谈现在，愚蠢的人谈过去，傻子才谈未来。

"We must laugh at man to avoid crying for him. "与其后来替一个人婉惜，不如先嘲笑他算了。

"When you set out to take Vienna, take Vienna."一旦你着手要攻下维也纳，就把她拿下吧﹗

"What I did is immense. What I had decided to do, and what I had projected werestill more so"我所做的是大事业，而我当初的决定与计划亦是如此。

"The word impossible is not in my dictionary."在我的字典里找不到「不可能」这个字。

"I wished to found a European system, a European Code of Laws, a European judiciary; there would be but one people in Europe."我想建立一个整合的欧洲体系，包含了法律，法庭，与人种。

"The French complain of everything, and always."法国人终其一生都在抱怨所有的事。

"He who fears being conquered is sure of defeat."害怕被征服的人，注定要失败。

"Victory belongs to the most persevering."坚持必将成功。

"Adversity is the midwife of genius." 逆境造就天才。

"Circumstances? I make circumstances!" 英雄造时势。

"Men take only their needs into consideration, never their abilities."人们常只想到自己的需要，而没考虑自己的能力。

"Men are moved by only two levers: fear and self interest."恐惧和兴趣能激励人。