京剧配英文的歌推荐20篇

Today I went to a good friend when playing home to see a good friend who has a pet dog, black eyes, a yellow hair, and a good friend in the dogs neck hung a bell, walk along a road to come will be * ting-a-ling-a-ling sound, listen to a good friend said this dog is very greedy not too long, it has to feed it and it is not a pleasure to see food to eat up.

Look, dont mention how cute it is.

Last weekend ,I didn’t want to do homework all day .I wanted to go to somewhere. That was fun. I went to the zoo with my friend JingWen . I bought two tickets .One is for JingWen ,the other is for me .Then we took a bus to the zoo.

The zoo is very big .There are many kinds of animals at the zoo.What animal did we see.We saw tiger,momkey,panada,lion,elephant,and so on .I like monkey and panada best .Because momkey and panada are pretty and they can make me happy .I didn’t feed any animals .Because I don’t what kind of animals eat to make strong and I didn’t eat any snacks . I wanted to keep the zoo clean .Finally ,we feel tired and we leave the zoo. I think the zoo is good for animals ,why? Because the zoo can help people to stop animals from going extinct.and I think zoos are bad for animals.Because the zoo make animals feel lonely and animals will misses they family.

That was a ggod day!

[中学生英文作文：我的快乐周末(My happy weekend)

The Spring Festival is one of the most I love the Spring Festival, every family is decorated, bursting with happiness. This years Spring Festival, I had a very interesting time.

In the morning, our family was busy. Mother has a spring couplet on the gate. In my eyes, "Li Li Chun resident, people and Fuyong stay". It means family peace and happiness. I will help my mother to stick the word "Fu" on the door. My mother quickly stopped me, said: "the word" happiness "should lose," happiness "is to come to our home homophonic, fu. The Spring Festival couplets are festive, wealth, with auspicious meaning." I heard, quickly put the "blessing" upside down.

In the evening, its time to eat dinner. The kitchen was filled with fragrance; a great dinner was placed on the table to make people look, the mouth water. There is a fish in the middle of the table, which means that there is more than one year. The guests were all here, sitting in front of the table with joy, and tasting the evening meal with relish. Mom and dad greeted the guests with a smile. The whole family was happy and happy, and the room was filled with a happy atmosphere.

After dinner, the grandmother said, "there is a legend about the origin of the year: according to legend, in ancient times, our ancestors had been threatened by the fiercest beast. This beast is called "year", it hunt animals for food, in the winter, the lack of food, but also broke into the village, hunting and livestock, people in a constant state of anxiety. People have struggled with "year" for many years. People have found that they are afraid of three kinds of things, red color, fire and noise. So in winter people in peach zigumen hang Confidante color, in front of the fire, the night all night without sleep, hammering. That night, the "year" broke into the village, see families have red light and heard the noise, scared back to the mountains, no longer afraid to come out. After that, we are playing with fireworks.

It was fine today, Lily and I went to visit the Science Museum. It is about

two kilometers away from our homes, so we decided to go there by bike. We set

off at 8 oclock. At the museum we saw a lot of interesting things. We could

operate some equipment. There we met many classmates and friends. We thought we

had learned a lot and were more interested in science.

At half past eleven we left the museum for home. We enjoyed ourselves in

the museum today.

Dear customers

Hello!

Since its establishment, _ beauty salon has received your strong support

and help. On the occasion of the coming New Years day and new years day, _

beauty salon is grateful to you with cordial greetings and sincere thanks.

Time flies, and in a flash it is another year. Looking back on the progress

and success of _ beauty salon this year, we can not do without your attention,

trust, support and participation. Your understanding and trust is a powerful

driving force for our progress, and your care and support are the inexhaustible

source of our growth. Your every suggestion, let us excited, prompted us to

continue to work hard. With you, we will have a steady stream of confidence and

strength in our journey forward; with you, our cause can flourish and develop

endlessly.

In the new year, we hope to continue to get the trust, care and support of

you and all consumers. You and all consumers are welcome to make suggestions and

criticisms to us. We will serve every customer with sincerity, sincerity,

sincerity and enthusiasm. Customer satisfaction is our eternal pursuit! We will

continue to provide you with the most sincere service, and constantly strive to

achieve "no best, only better"! (original from blog 138)

Thank you again for your trust and support!

I wish you good health! Happy family! Everything goes well!

salute

Salute!

Dear Michael,

You want to know the changes about my hometown. You know, great changes

have taken place since 60 years ago.

In the past, the living conditions were very poor. There were not many

buses or cars, and the roads were narrow. Usually, a big family was crowded into

a small, dark house. Most families couldn’t get enough food. The communications

were simple and slow. People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far

away mainly by letter or telegram.

Thanks to the government, our hometown has developed rapidly in recent

years. The living conditions are much better and more comfortable. The roads are

wide. Some people have their own cars. Most of the people live in big new

houses. Quite a few adults have mobile phones. I think our lives will become

better and better because of many good policies.

Sincerely

Kang Min

I plan to do lots of homework today. First , I read english articles, next I

wrote my science tests snd math tests. I had some questions. So I called to my

classmates to ask, then I listened to the music, I enjoyed it. In the afternoon,

I drew some bananas, I believed I can draw it well. In the evening ,I played

computer games. After that , I read a famous book on the bed. It was a happy day

today.

我打算今天做很多作业。首先,我读英文文章,接下来我写我的数学考试测试snd的科学。我有一些问题。所以我打电话给我的同学去问,然后我听音乐,我很喜欢它。在下午,我画了一些香蕉,我相信我能画得很好。在晚上,我在玩电脑游戏。之后,我读了著名的书放在床上。这是一个快乐的一天。

Every city has many theme parks, the local people like to go to the park for a walk or take some exercise. In China, most parks are free, people can go there without charge, but still some other parks need to charge. People urge that all the parks should be free, while I think it will do harm to the park.

每个城市都有很多主题公园，本地人喜欢去公园散步或者锻炼。在中国，大部分公园免费，人们无需给钱就可以进入公园，但是仍然有一些公园需要付费。人们要求所有的公园应该免费，然而我觉得这样会对公园有害。

One the one hand, opening the parks for free encourages people to go to the park for entertainment. Most people have the habit to take a walk after dinner, so it can help them to keep their bodies healthy. The children can have fun with their friends, too. The parks provide people so much fun, so it is good for people to go to there for free.

一方面，免费开放公园鼓励着人们去公园娱乐。很多人有饭后散步的习惯，这样有助于让他们保持身体的健康。孩子们也可以和他们的朋友找乐子。公园给人们提供了很多的乐趣，因此免费开放公园对人们是有好处的。

On the other hand, too many people go to the parks will do harm to the environment. Some people will throw away their trash away, the environment will be polluted. What’s more, the crowed people will make people have less space for them to have fun.

另一方面，过多的人去公园会对环境造成伤害。一些人会随处扔垃圾环境会被污染。而且，成群的人会让人们享有很少的空间来娱乐。

For me, I think it is not good to open the parks for free, it needs to control the number of people, so we can protect the environment.

对于我来说，我觉得免费开放公园是不好的，要控制人群的数量，这样我们才能保护环境。

纵观中国戏曲发展史，戏曲艺术的发展无不体现在声腔艺术的创新上。京剧艺术就是在融合各兄弟剧种声腔艺术的基础上逐渐形成的。京剧自诞生以来，一直没有停下发展的脚步，仅从乐队编制的嬗变就能一窥其声腔艺术发展的端倪：从最早期京胡、弦子、鼓、大锣、小锣的简单伴奏模式逐渐增加了月琴、铙钹；从梅兰芳大师开始，又增加了京二胡；到上世纪50年代，又增加了秦琴；从《赵氏孤儿》创演开始，乐队又增加了大阮；“样板戏”排演时期，为了提升音乐感染力，在传统京剧乐队的基础上又增加了部分“洋乐”。上世纪70年代末，在恢复传统戏时，京剧乐队又稍作调整，以中阮代替了秦琴。这种乐队建制和伴奏模式一直持续到今天。

进入新时期以来，京剧艺术从业者为满足人民群众不断提高的审美需求，不断探索前行，创作了一大批新剧目。然而，京剧乐队伴奏模式发展方面并没有超越前人，最多是采用“样板戏”的伴奏模式，虽然音乐厚度有了，但也存在致命的缺陷：音乐节奏控制得比较死，京剧三大件不突出，流派特色不突出。近几年来，我作为全国政协委员经常到各地调研，发现各地方剧种都在思考乐队的建设，特别注重加强音乐的厚度，加强伴奏的效果，在乐队改革方面走在了京剧的前面。

京剧艺术家和有识之士一直关心京剧艺术的发展，在近10年研究京剧艺术的基础上，通过反复试验，摸索总结出以传统京剧乐队为基础，根据各行当的唱腔音乐特点，适当增加民族乐器，强化伴奏效果的改革思路。具体来讲，就是将京剧乐队进行了加强——除了京胡、月琴各一把外，还包括4把京二胡，2把三弦 （一大一小），2把大阮，2把中阮，1把秦琴、琵琶、笙。这种做法，首先是考虑突出中国风味、民族风味，再次是为了增加音乐的厚度和张力。为什么京胡和月琴没有调整呢？第一、京胡是领奏，是乐队的“神儿”，不能变；第二、月琴作为重要的弹拨乐器，最主要的指法是右手的轮和搓，如果增加则演奏手法很难达到完全一致，会让人感觉“打架”；第三、强化训练，要求其他文乐演奏员的技法一定要统一，避免破坏了整体音乐形象。在国家京剧院承担的传统经典大戏《龙凤呈祥》的排演中，我按照改革的思路对乐队进行了加强，效果比较理想。首先音乐厚重了；二是突出了行当的声腔特点：老生更加脆、亮，旦角更加柔美。如果说还有美中不足的话，就是对音乐唱腔没有配器，基本上还是大齐奏。

去年10月，经过多方论证、周密安排，首都京胡协会组织了一台“京剧音乐会”，既展示了京剧乐队的历史，又对京剧乐队的发展进行了前瞻和实验，让观众直观感受京剧乐队改革的效果。 “京剧音乐会”由三个板块组成：第一板块，集中展示了京剧乐队的发展；第二板块，在没有配器的情况下，比较传统乐队和加强版乐队演奏效果；第三板块，通过配器和加入民族管弦乐队，展示京剧音乐的独特魅力，指出了京剧乐队的发展方向。我认为，举办这场音乐会，重点在于展示创新成果。经过创新，京剧乐队的演奏音色更加丰富，音乐张力加强，突出了民族乐器的音乐特色，是一次成功的实验和尝试。特别是第二板块的设计，独具匠心，是这场音乐会的中心，通过对传统京剧乐队与加强版乐队演奏效果的直观对比，揭示京剧乐队改革的紧迫性和必要性，具有很强的现实意义和可实施性。这次京剧音乐会办得非常及时，是对京剧音乐人的鞭策，对京剧乐队创新发展的推动，这种意义在不久的将来也将得到具体验证。

即将于18日在上海举行的新春京剧晚会，以更强大的阵容来展示京剧音乐改革创新的成果，相信一定会取得更大的成功。（李祖铭）

京剧的乐器

单皮鼓 又称小鼓。是打击乐和管弦乐的指挥乐器，演奏时用两根细竹(通称鼓箭子、鼓签)。指挥方法用底鼓，有时并配合手势，各种乐器都随着它的指挥来演奏。歌唱时辅助板打节奏。司鼓、板者称为鼓佬(即鼓师)。

板 亦名檀板、拍板。打击乐器。由三块宽约6公分、长约20余公分的红木或黄杨木板制成。分二组，前组二块木板，用弦缚紧，后组一块木板，二者以绳联接。主要用于歌唱时打节奏，也配合单皮鼓来领奏锣鼓点子和指挥其它乐器，合称鼓板。由打单皮鼓者兼管。

堂鼓 亦名同鼓。打击乐器。以木为框，形似腰鼓，两面蒙以牛皮。奏时置于木架上，用木槌敲击。形制大小不一。京剧用于战争、升帐、升堂、刑场、起更等场面，及唢呐吹打等。除了表现战争，都由鼓佬兼管。

大堂鼓 又名南堂鼓，因形似花盆、俗称花盆鼓。木制框，面大底小，两面蒙以牛皮。奏时架于木架上，以鼓棒槌击发声，声音较堂鼓低沉雄壮。用于战争场面，能加重气氛；有时也用于旦角唱反二黄的伴奏上(轻打)；亦用于曲牌伴奏如[夜深沉]中；为《击鼓骂曹》和《战金山》等剧中的专用鼓。

大锣 打击乐器。铜制，圆形扁平，直径约30公分，有锣门(即锣心，直径约10公分的圆平面)、锣边(与锣心相连的外围斜面)两部分。奏时左手持锣绳，使锣面垂直，右手持击槌，以槌头(用布裹成)击打锣门或锣边而发音。锣音高亢。京剧所用形体较小，称京锣。多用于武将或袍带人物的上下场，或战争及配合突变的情感等。打法有重击、轻击、闷音、掩音、揣锣、打边等。

小锣 打击乐器。铜制，圆形，中部稍突起，直径约20余公分。奏时左手食指、拇指掐锣边，右手持锣板(长约17公分的竹片)，以锣板下端侧面斜棱击打锣门或锣边而发音，发音清朗。多用于文人、女性或诙谐人物(如丑角)的上下场和配合各种表演上的小动作。打法有重击、轻击、闷音、掩锣、揣锣、打边等。

钹 又名铙钹。打击乐器。铜制圆形，中部隆起如半球状，其径约全径的l／2，正中有孔，穿系绸条或布条。以两片为一副，相击发声。初出印度，后传至中国。有大小不同的多种形制。在大锣和小锣中间加强节奏，并起联系作用。有时也代替大锣配合某些动作。

铙 钹之大者称铙。又名大铙，或大钹。形体比钹大而厚，故音量也较大。例如武戏《铁笼山》中姜维起霸，用以配合，声势更为壮大。

小钹 又名镲锅或镲锅子。形制最小，多用于配合剧中武人“走边”的动作，故又名走边钹。

齐钹 打击乐器。厚薄约有钹的1／4。又名水镲、普钹、宫钹、水钹、荷叶。京剧常用于跳加官，故又名加官钹。在配合唢呐曲牌时，作为节奏(节拍)的标准。

哑钹 亦名吹打钹。打击乐器。形似大铙而小，径约半尺余。京剧常用于唢呐曲牌，以按节拍。

碰钟 打击乐器。又名撞钟、星、星子。铜制，形如酒盅，以两钟碰击发音。用于青衣唱的反二黄里(如不以大堂鼓伴奏，即不用)，唱腔中随板作节奏，过门里随鼓打花点子。也用于和其它管弦乐合奏的曲脾里面。

云锣 打击乐器。又名十面锣、九音锣。由10个固定音高的小铜锣，按照音阶的高低编成一组，放在特制的木架上，专用于合奏的曲牌。

汤锣 打击乐器。又名堂堂、小汤汤。形如小碟。有时用于管弦乐合奏的曲牌里，敲击时打闪跳式的节奏。

京胡 拉弦乐器。胡琴的一种，主要用于京剧伴奏。形似二胡而较小，琴筒用竹子做成，直径约5厘米，一端蒙以蛇皮，张弦二根，按五度关系定弦。奏时使马尾弓擦弦而发音，其音刚劲嘹亮。是京剧管弦乐伴奏中的主乐器。

二胡 拉弦乐器。胡琴的一种，比京胡大，琴筒木制或竹制，直径约8—9厘米，一端蒙以蟒皮或蛇皮，琴杆上有二轸，张弦二根，按五度关系定弦。原来京剧不用，由梅兰芳与徐兰沅、王少卿等创始，在京剧青衣唱腔的伴奏中增添了二胡，现在广泛沿用。

小三弦 拨弦乐器。三弦之一种。京剧界习称南弦子。在曲调中起节拍作用。是京剧伴奏中主要辅助乐器之一。

月琴 拔弦乐器。发音清脆明亮，是京剧伴奏中主要辅助乐器之一。

笛 横吹管乐器。常用者有梆笛和曲笛两种。梆笛常用于梆子戏伴奏；曲笛常用于昆曲和京剧。梆笛型体小，音色清脆；曲笛型体大，音色醇厚。笛是京剧吹奏曲牌的主乐器。

笙 簧管乐器。由簧片、笙管、斗子三部分组合而成。能奏和音，吹奏时声音清颤柔和，常与笛配合伴奏。

唢呐 簧管乐器。由侵子、木管、碗子三部分组合而成。吹奏时侵子上装一芦哨以发音。侵子形似葫芦；木管形似竹节，上细下粗，开八个音孔；碗子即铜制扩音喇叭，套在木管下端，可以上下移动。唢呐有各种尺寸，名称也不同，大者名喇叭、大吹，小者名海笛、小青。京剧中常用的除大唢呐外，还有6寸以下的海笛，又名小唢呐，发音尖而内亮。唢呐在京剧中常用来烘托渲染发兵、饮宴、庆典等场面的气氛，以及群吹曲牌时作伴奏。海笛常用于武戏中伴唱昆曲。

挑子 吹管乐器。由两节长喇叭筒组成，上节比下节细，形似大号。发音简单，仅61两个音阶。京剧舞台上用以增强气氛。大将起霸，罪犯行刑，均常使用。亦用作马嘶效果。演出开始前，紧接吹台，吹奏挑子；大轴子戏唱完吹奏挑子，表示散场。称为挑子起、挑子落。

京剧的调门

我们常听京剧演员说某某唱正工调或六字调，也有说工半调，六半调的，由于过去以正工调为京剧舞台的标准调门，所以又有正工老生和正工青衣的说法。原来我国古代音乐中乐器的定调以笛或箫为准。通用的笛分为七调。即上字调，相当于今之降Ｂ调；尺字调，相当于今之Ｃ调；小工调，相当于今之Ｄ调；凡字调，俗称趴字调（可能是４字调的谐音），相当于今之降Ｅ调；六字调，相当于今之Ｆ调；正工调，又称五字调，相当于今之Ｇ调；乙字调，相当于今之Ａ调。

所谓上、尺、工（小工）、凡、六、五（正）、乙，这七个调门或称音调是以我国传统戏曲记录曲调的文字谱，即工尺谱中的七个音符来命名的。按现行简谱来对照，相当于阿拉伯数字为音符的１、２、３、４、５、６、７七个音符。因曲笛中各音调的定调都是以小工调为基础，要看各调中的"工"音（即３）相当于小工调中的什么音，就定为什么调名。例如正工调中的"工"音相当于小工调中的"五"音，所以称五字调，又称正工调；凡字调的"工"音相当于小工调的"凡"音，所以称为凡字调，又称趴字调；乙字调的"工"音相当于小工调的"乙"，所以称为乙字调，以此类推，遂形成上、尺、工、凡、六、五、乙这七个音调。由于现在通用简谱或五线谱，尤其是大演样板戏的时候，京剧与西洋乐队联袂演出，六字调，小工调的叫法就更不时兴了，所以现在都以ＣＤＥＦＧＡＢ这七个英文字母取而代之了。

京剧唱腔的特点及作用

京剧唱腔主要以著名的 “二黄”和“西皮”两大声腔组成，即所谓的“皮黄腔”。关于这两大声腔的由来、形成与发展，在此不作考证和论述，仅就传统京剧唱腔的特点及作用做一介绍。

很多人都知道，“西皮”和“二黄”各有其特定的唱腔结构、旋律模式和调性特征。那么，它们的主要特点和作用是什么呢？在这里，我们以老生唱腔为例，将“西皮”和“二黄”的主要特征简单作一描述和比较。

在旋律发展中，由于“西皮”跳进音程较多，整体音区偏高，其调式多以“宫”调式为主，因此，其旋律色调明亮、尖锐、华丽，用平缓节奏处理时，多表现明快、抒情的喜剧情节和愉悦的人物情绪。

用轻快或强劲节奏处理时，多表现热烈、激烈的戏剧场面和活泼、激动的人物情绪。相比之下，“二黄”则以级进音程为主，整体音区偏低，其调式多以“商”调式为主，其旋律的色调暗淡、凝重、平静，节奏缓慢时，多用来表现压抑的悲剧情节和忧郁的人物情绪；节奏强劲时，多表现压抑、悲壮的戏剧场面和凄楚、悲愤的人物情绪。另外，“西皮”和“二黄”在入唱（或起唱）位置上有明显的不同。“西皮”的入唱位置在弱拍（如2/4节拍时，在弱拍入唱；4/4节拍时，在次强拍入唱）。“二黄”的入唱位置在强拍（任何节拍均如此）。前者由于是弱拍入唱，且强弱关系时而模糊又时而清晰，增强了节奏的不稳定感和旋律的流动感，因此，西皮唱腔总是给人以婉转流畅如行云流水之感；后者由于是强拍入唱，强弱关系比较明确，节奏扎实、稳定，增强了旋律的凝重感和力度感，因此，二黄唱腔总是给人以沉静、悲凉之感。当然，这些只是它们最基本、最典型的特征，至于特殊情况的各种特殊处理也是存在的。

京剧常用的伴奏乐器

在京剧唱腔漫长的发展历程中，其声腔不仅派生了反调“西皮”和反调“二黄”，还吸收了一些其他地方剧种腔调，如[南梆子]、[四平调]、[高拨子]、[娃娃调]、[汉调]等。由于这些外来腔调在保持其原有结构和调性特点外，其旋律风格都不同程度地与“西皮”、“二黄”相近或相融，特别是胡琴的定弦和把位上分别相同于“皮黄”，故习惯地把这些强调分别归入“皮黄”列之中，如[二黄四平调]、[西皮娃娃调]、[西皮南梆子]、[二黄汉调]等。

谈到声腔的作用，不能不谈及到节奏的运用。京剧唱腔的节奏有其特有的表达方式，即由“板式”来确定。其典型板式有：[原板]（2/4节拍）、[慢板]、[三眼]（4/4节拍）、[流水]、[快板]（1/4节拍）、[散板]、[摇板]（自由节拍）等。[原板]为基础（原形）板式，其它各板式是在[原板]的基础上演化而来，如[慢板]、[三眼]是将[原板]的旋律和节奏进行加倍扩充，再根据唱词、情绪和速度的需要来丰富旋律和节奏，使唱腔旋律更加丰满、华丽；而[流水]、[快板]则是将[原板]的旋律和节奏进行收缩，再根据唱词、情绪和速度的需要来简化旋律和节奏，使唱腔旋律和节奏更加简练朴实，增强了力度；又如[散板]、[摇板]是将[原板]的旋律和节奏根据唱词、情绪和速度的需要来自由伸展或紧缩，增强了唱腔表现力和戏剧效果。象其它类型的音乐一样，节奏越是缓慢，情绪越是趋于平稳、优雅，反之则越是活泼、激动。不同的板式与不同的声腔有机搭配，则产生不同的戏剧效果。

京剧的声腔与板式进行各种有机搭配，形成了完整的京剧唱腔体系。分析京剧唱腔的表现功能，大致归类为三种，一是抒情性，二是叙事性，三是冲突性。腔多字少的多用于抒情性唱段，如《文昭关》中伍员唱段 [二黄慢板]“一轮明月照窗前”和《贵妃醉酒》中杨贵妃唱段[二黄四平调慢板]“海岛冰轮初转腾”。而腔少字多则用于叙事性唱段，如《凤还巢》中程雪娥唱段[西皮原板]“本应当随母亲镐京避难”。而第三种“冲突性”唱腔之所以单独归为一类，是因为其独特的表现形式在京剧中具有特殊的地位，即人物之间产生戏剧冲突时进行激烈的对唱或联唱唱段。如《四郎探母》中杨延辉与铁镜公主的对唱[西皮快板]“非是我这几日愁眉不展”。

京剧音乐常识——西皮

西皮二黄，又称皮黄，是西皮、二黄两种腔调的合称。西皮”和“二黄”本是两种不同的声腔。西皮起源于秦腔，明末清初秦腔经湖北襄阳传到武昌、汉口一带，同当地民间曲调结合演变而成了西皮；二黄是由吹腔，高拔子演变而成。在京剧、汉剧、徽剧等剧种里，西皮都同二黄腔调并用，合称“皮黄”。在湘剧、桂剧等剧种里，西皮又称“北路”，同二黄称为“南路”相对，或合称“南北路”。京剧西皮包括导板（倒板）、慢板（慢三眼）、原板、二六、快板、流水、散板、摇板、回龙等板式。同二黄相比，西皮一般较为高亢刚劲、活泼明快。又有反西皮腔调，也包括二六、摇板等板式。是京剧的主要唱腔。

“西皮”唱腔是京剧唱腔的主要曲调之一，源自秦腔、汉调。它的演唱用胡琴伴奏(个别有用唢呐的)，胡琴定弦为“——3”弦，即里弦，外弦3。“西皮”唱腔一般是眼(弱拍)起板(强拍)落，它的上、下句均有较为固定的落音，如生角上句多落在“2”或“3”音上，下句多落在“1”音上；旦角上句多落在“6”音上，下句多落在“5”音上。

“西皮”唱腔板类多样，曲调丰富，具有表现多种情绪的演唱功能。由于它的曲调高亢爽自，音的进行可以有较大幅度的跳跃，所以一般适于表现慷慨激昂的情绪，如《辕门斩子》表现杨延昭的激怒心情，用的是“西皮”唱腔；它的曲调也可以做平稳行进，表现平静舒展的情绪，如《失街亭》诸葛亮叮嘱马谡时，唱的是“西皮原板”。

“西皮”有所谓“反调”，即“反西皮”，胡琴伴奏也用“——3”弦。“反西皮”唱腔上句多落在“1”音，下句多落“5”音，生、旦相同。“反西皮”板类较少，旋律多下行，适于表现悲伤情绪，如《西厢记》崔莺莺因母亲赖婚而伤心，唱的是“反西皮二六板”。

“二黄”是京剧唱腔另一个主要曲调，也多用胡琴伴奏(个别有用唢呐的)，用“5——2”弦。“二黄”唱腔上句生角多落“1”音，旦角多落“1”音；下句生角．多落“2”音，旦角多落“5”音。它的板类也很多，曲调也富于变化，具有表现多种情绪的演唱功能。由于它的曲调较为平稳，音的行进起伏较小，适于表现沉稳庄重的情绪，如《二进宫》的宫廷辩论，唱“二黄”。“二黄”曲调又可做较大幅度的跳进，以表现凄凉悲惨的情绪，如《逍遥津》汉献帝感叹朝廷不幸时的唱段。

“二黄”也有“反调”，即“反二黄”，胡琴伴奏用的是“1——5”弦。它的上句多落“1”或“5”音，下句多落“2"音，生、旦相同。“反二黄”唱腔的曲调音域广，更富跳跃性，擅长表现凄惨壮烈情绪，如《李陵碑》中杨继业临死前的大段唱腔，就是“反二黄”。（安志强）

京剧中的韵白、京白与方言

念白在京剧里是很吃重的一门功夫。京剧念白可分为韵白、京白和方言三大类。

韵白采取湖广语音加以美化，稳健庄重，韵味浓厚。因为、京剧的主要声腔西皮、二黄最初流行于安徽、湖北等地；从而在吐字归音上，因循了湖广音的念法。

老生戏中以念白吃重的剧目有《四进士》《甘露寺》《追韩信》以及《三审》(《审潘洪》《审刺客》《审头刺汤》)等。剧中念白慷慨激昂，流利酣畅，如行云流水，一气呵成。又如旦角戏《宇宙锋》里“金殿”一场，赵艳蓉怒斥秦二世的罪行，字字千钧，气势磅礴，充分表现出中国妇女的反抗精神。

京白以北京语音为基础，活泼俏皮，通俗易懂。多用于小生、小旦、小丑戏中。如《金玉奴》《花田错》等。架子花脸也偶尔用几句京白，显得人物直爽、憨厚并富有幽默感。如《辕门斩子》中的焦赞，《李逵探母》中的李逵。

方言是吸收了地方语言，加以夸张而成的。如《金山寺》的小沙弥念苏白；《狮子楼》里的大公和《武松打店》里的大解差，念白用山东口音。《徐良出世》里的徐良则采取了山西语音。

近代历史剧《火烧望海楼》中的劳动妇女崔大脚心直口快，爱憎分明，敢于向帝国主义及其走狗进行斗争。她的念白用天津话，点染出浓厚的地方色彩。

[京剧音乐的发展春天作文

March 5th is my birthday. It`s also a special day to memorize a great person -- Lei Feng. This year I celebrated my birthday in a different way. In the morning, I got up early and cooked breakfast for my parents. At school, I helped my desk-mates to repair their broken chairs. After school, I took my birthday cake to the home for the aged. The old men were so happy to see me. All o~ them hoped that I would be back again.

On this special day I send you New Years greetings and hope that some day soon we shall be together.

在这特殊的日子，向你致以xinchun的祝福，希望不久我们能相聚在一起，

I would like to wish you a joyous new year and express my hope for your happiness and good future.

祝xinchun快乐，并愿你幸福吉祥，前程似锦。

May the New Year bring many good things and rich blessings to you and all those you love!

愿xinchun带给你和你所爱的人许多美好的事物和无尽的祝福！

Rich blessings for health and longevity is my special wish for you in the coming year.

祝你在新的一年里身体健康，多福多寿。

Good luck, good health, hood cheer. I wish you a happy New Year.

祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐xinchun。

With best wishes for a happy New Year!

祝xinchun快乐，并致以良好的祝福。

I hope you have a most happy and prosperous New Year.

谨祝xinchun快乐幸福，大吉大利。

With the compliments of the season.

祝贺佳节。

May the seasons joy fill you all the year round.

愿节日的愉快伴你一生。

Seasons greetings and best wishes for the New Year.

祝福您，xinchun快乐。

Please accept my seasons greetings.

请接受我节日的祝贺。

To wish you joy at this holy season. Wishing every happiness will always be with you.

恭祝xinchun吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。

The history of the Spring Festival is very long. Legend has it that there was the custom of "Spring Festival" in the neolithic period. There is a legend about the origin of "Spring Festival" : there was an animal called nian in ancient China. "Year", the head long antenna, fierce abnormality. "Nian" lived at the bottom of the sea for a long time, and every day on a certain day (it was New Years eve), he climbed ashore and devoured livestock and killed people. Therefore, every New Years eve, the people of the village of the village of the village of the village to help young people to escape the "year" of harm.

On the New Years eve, an old beggar came from the village. Village a hurried panic scene, nobody answered him, only village east an old woman gave the old man some food, and urged him quickly up the hill avoid "year", the old man beard snatched up say with smile: "mother-in-law if let me stay overnight in the home, Ill get years away." The old woman continued to persuade, begging the old man smiling without a word.

In the middle of the night, "nian" broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village was different from previous years: the wife of the village dongtou, the door was covered with red paper, the candle in the house was bright. "Nian" shuddered, a strange cry. Near the door, there was a sudden "crackling", "nian" shuddering, and dared not to move forward. Originally, "nian" was most afraid of the red, the fire and the explosion. At this time, the door of the mother-in-law opened, and a man in red robe in the hospital laughed. "Nian" paled with surprise, and fled. The next day was the first day of the first month, and people who came back to the village were surprised to see the village safe and sound. At this moment, the old woman suddenly understood, and hurried to tell the villagers the promise of begging the old man. It quickly spread around the village, and people knew how to get rid of the year.

From now on, every year on New Years eve, every house red couplet, set off firecrackers; Householder candle fire is clear, shoule to be old. Early in the early morning, I would like to walk a friend to say hello. This custom has been widely circulated, becoming the most solemn traditional festival of Chinese folk.

Dear Charlie,

Kindly excuse me for my not being able to see you off at the airport this

Saturday as I have promised.

A major business partner of our company will be attending an important

conference in Xiamen this weekend, and my boss finally chooses me to accompany

him there to negotiate about a new transaction. I have just been informed of

this plan and am happy about the decisionthis is an opportunity to both display

and enhance my abilities, so I am afraid I cannot be present at the airport.

Pursuing study overseas is an essential step in the accomplishment of your

dream. How I wish I could have the chance to share with you my personal feelings

and suggestions before you are away! I hereby send you a gift to wish you good

luck. Please forgive me.

Cordially,

Li Ming

现在许多大学生喜欢追求名牌。从移动电话的衣服，甚至像电子辞典，学习钢笔文章，他们倾向于购买知名品牌。此外，很多学生来自贫困家庭开始遵循这一消费趋势，以及。这一现象已引起广泛关注。下面是小编带来的是学生追求名牌英文作文，希望对您有帮助。

现在，走进学校，观察一下学生的穿着用品，我们不难发现他们在消费观念上进入了一个误区，喜欢追求名牌。在校区内，吃好的，喝好的，比比皆是，谈名牌，比品牌，蔚然成风。

吃，要上肯德基、麦当劳，喝，要喝可口可乐、卡布奇诺，似乎洋东西更能显示档次。运动衫要穿“李宁”、“卡帕”，书包要背“麦芝西伯”，单车要骑“斯波兹曼”，球鞋要穿“阿迪达斯”，往往某一个同学买了一件新名牌产品，就开始有人羡慕，接着有人追随，过不了多久，这一名牌就成了许多学生皆备的必需品。

其实，这种赶时髦的做法并不好，作为未成年的学生，涉世不深，对消费品质量、价格审视能力还不强，名牌便成了他们衡量商品价值的唯一标准。实际上名牌商品价格是相当“黑”的．一双“阿迪达斯”一般得花四五百元，一部高档山地车上千元，对于并不十分富裕的工薪家庭来说，一般都承受不起．追求名牌，无疑加重了家长的负担。“侈恶之大，俭德之共”。从青少年的身心成长看，这种追求名牌的风气，有可能成为学生纯洁心灵的腐蚀剂。要知道，一个人如果把主要心思用在吃喝玩乐上，自然不会多思进取，将影响其上进。而且，将来步入社会后，万一经济来源难以敷出，那些高消费习惯又很难改变，结果欲望不能满足，会对自己的心灵造成伤害，也会逐渐将人引向痛苦的深渊。俗话说，由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。

我见过有学生不考虑自己的家庭条件，与同学去攀比，为了穿名牌，在家里与父母哭着、闹着，要买名牌服饰，也见过有家长专门让自己的孩子享受名牌，刻意打造富贵一族。名牌，对于现代的人来说，的确很有魅力，是富贵的象征，是品味的显示，是一种文化的教养。现代生活中，一般来讲，老年人穿名牌，表现出富贵，中年人穿品牌，增加品味，年轻人穿品牌，纯粹追求时髦，而少年穿品牌，那是家长的灌输培养。

当然，有条件，享受名牌，是提高生活质量的表现，这些我们不可妄加指责。可有人家里没有什么钱，自己又不会赚钱，却一味地赶时髦，追求品牌，是不是有点好高骛远？有些家长为了让孩子高兴，巅起脚来做长子，打起脸来充胖子，自己平时省吃俭用，省下的钱给孩子买名牌。这种做法，既违背家长的意愿，又助长了孩子的虚荣心，并不可取。

当今时代，是独生子女时代，大部分家庭只有一个孩子，让孩子吃好、穿好无可厚非。可许多孩子在吃喝上根本不懂得“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”的道理，在理财治家上，更是不明白为什么要看菜吃饭，不知道怎样量体裁衣，不晓得节约为何物。他们从小过着衣来伸手，饭来张口的生活，不愁吃，不愁穿，无忧无虑地度过每一天。孩子们被宠得“高处不胜寒”，对大人的当家显得麻木，不想想父母的艰辛，不过问柴米油盐，不理睬锅碗瓢盆，一心只想别人有我就应该有。这样下去，将把孩子的消费观引向何处？值得深思啊。

现如今，随着科学的发达，社会的进步，人类对享受的追求的标准，也越来越高。追求高品味，高质量的享受，也成为人们心中的一种时尚。当然，有条件，用名牌，穿名牌，出入高档娱乐场所，增加消费，拉动内需，这样反而搞活了经济，应该是无可厚非。但要因人而宜，具体情况具体处理，爱孩子，应该根据家庭收入情况有所节制，宠孩子，应从实际出发，量入而出，量力而行把握分寸，否则，只能是父母压力增大，孩子的虚荣心膨胀，弄不好，真的可能是一发不可收拾。

消费者行为学认为，选择品牌的心理过程是一个很复杂的过程，它受文化，经济，政治等多方面的影响。学生成长时代、所处的社会地位，会对他们形成各种各样的品牌偏好，也会引导他们走向某种价值取向，特别是品牌消费观念，将对其今后衡量物品的价值起到重要的作用。通过调查，了解到当代学生中对品牌认知，品牌选择过程中的主要心理活动，对品牌的态度等情况。有不少学生追求名牌，是为了使生活更加个性化。在追求个性化，享受性的消费时，学生的消费存在着不合理的地方。过分追求品牌，消费结构不合理等。因此，即便是家庭条件比较好的，在名牌的追求上，也应该注意引导孩子消费，不可盲目跟风，也不要一味地追求高档享受，在这个问题上，教育孩子学会理性消费，应该是每个家庭的重要一课。

Now, walk into the school, observe the students wearing goods, we can easily find that they have entered a misunderstanding in the concept of consumption, like to pursue famous brand. Eat well, drink well in campus, talk about the brand, the brand than meet the eye everywhere, and so.

To eat, to drink, KFC, McDonalds, Coca-Cola, it seems to drink cappuccino, foreign things can show the grade. Sweater to wear "Lining" and "kappa", "back the bag to Madge Siberia", "J Bozeman", a bicycle riding shoes to wear "Adidas", often a classmate bought a new brand-name products, people began to envy, then followed, before long, this a brand name will become a necessity for many students are prepared by.

In fact, this kind of fashion is not good, as a minor student, inexperienced deep, the quality and price of consumer goods examine ability is not strong, brand has become the only standard to measure the value of the goods they. In fact, famous brand commodity price is quite "black". A pair of "Adidasi" generally have to spend five million, a high-end mountain bike for a thousand dollars, not very rich working families, generally can not afford. The pursuit of brand names, will undoubtedly add to the burden of parents. Extravagance and extravagance". From the physical and mental growth of young people, this kind of pursuit of famous brands may become the corrosive agent of students pure mind. You know, if a person is mind in nature to think not idle away in seeking pleasure, enterprising, will affect its progress. Moreover, enter the society in the future, if the economic source is difficult to meet, those high consumption habit is hard to change, the desire cannot be satisfied, can cause harm to your heart, will gradually lead people to the abyss of suffering. As the saying goes, from frugality to extravagance, from extravagance to frugality.

I have seen some students do not consider their own family conditions, to compete with the students, in order to wear brand-name, at home with their parents crying, crying, want to buy brand-name clothes, have seen some parents let their children enjoy the brand-name, deliberately create a rich family. Famous brand, for modern people, it is really attractive, is a symbol of wealth, is the display of taste, is a kind of cultural upbringing. In modern life, generally speaking, the elderly wear brands, showing rich, middle-aged people wear brand, increase the taste, young people wear brand, pure pursuit of fashion, and youth wear brand, it is the parents indoctrination training.

Of course, the conditions, enjoy famous brand, is to improve the quality of life performance, these we can not blame. What can have money at home, they do not make money, but a taste of fashion, the pursuit of brand, is a bit too ambitious? Some parents in order to let the children happy, on tiptoe to do eldest son, playing face to charge fat, they usually live frugally, saved money to buy brand-name children. This practice, both contrary to the wishes of parents, but also contributed to the childrens vanity, not desirable.

In todays era, the only child age, most families have only one child, let children eat well and wear well, understandable. Many children in eating and drinking do not know who knows Chinese food, a journey into the truth, in the financial management, but do not understand why you want to see food to eat, do not know how to do not know what is to save. They have had on hand, eat a ready-cooked meal life, do not worry about food, do not worry about clothes, light of heart from care to spend every day. The children were unbearably mad, for adults when is numb, do not think about the hardships of parents, but asked the fuel, ignoring the pots and pans, just want to have someone else I should have. Where will the childs consumption concept go? Its worth pondering.

Nowadays, with the development of science and the progress of society, the standard of human pursuit of enjoyment is also getting higher and higher. The pursuit of high taste, high quality of enjoyment, but also become a fashion in peoples minds. Of course, there are conditions, with brand-name, wear brand-name, access to high-end entertainment places, increase consumption, stimulating domestic demand, so instead of invigorating the economy, it should be understandable. But to the person who should, specific treatment, love children, family income should be based on moderation, spoil the child, starting from the actual amount of income out, according to grasp the sense of propriety, otherwise, only parents pressure increases, the childs vanity expansion, does not do well, it may be a get out of hand.

According to consumer behavior, the psychological process of brand selection is a complicated process, which is influenced by culture, economy, politics and so on. The growth of students age, the social status, they will form a variety of brand preference, will also lead them to a certain value, especially the brand concept of consumption, will be an important role in the future to measure the value of the goods from the. Through the survey, we know the brand awareness, the main psychological activities and attitude of the brand in the process of brand selection. Many students pursue famous brands in order to make their lives more personal. In pursuit of individuality and enjoyment of consumption, there is an unreasonable place for students to consume. Excessive pursuit of brand, irrational consumption structure and so on. Therefore, even if the family conditions are relatively good, in pursuit of the brand, but also should pay attention to guide the children to consume, not blindly follow the trend, do not blindly pursue high-grade enjoyment, in this problem, education children learn to rational consumption, should be an important lesson for each family.

How to learn English well

English is important and useful to us. How can we learn it well? Here are

my suggestions.

First, we should often listen to the tapes, English songs and programs.

Watching English movies is also helpful to us. Second, we should speak English

in class as much as possible. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. The more you

speak, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. Wed better join the English club and

practice with others. Third, we can read more English newspapers and magazines.

It’s good for us. At last, we should recite some good passages and keep

diaries.

In a word, as long as we do more listening, speaking, reading and writing,

we will learn English well.

1、Maymanyfortunesfindtheirwaytoyou!

多福多寿!

2、OnthisspecialdayIsendyouNewYearsgreetingsandhopethatsomedaysoonweshallbetogether.

祝你今后获得更大成就。

3、MaytheNewYearbringmanygoodthingsandrichblessingstoyouandallthoseyoulove。

祝新年快乐，并愿你幸福吉祥，前程似锦。

4、BestwishesfortheholidaysandhappinessthroughouttheNewYear.

恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。

5、MaythecomingNewYearbringyoujoy,loveandpeace.

请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。

6、PleaseacceptmysincerewishesfortheNewYear.Ihopeyouwillcontinuetoenjoygoodhealth.

愿快乐幸福永伴你左右。

7、PleaseacceptourwishesforyouandyoursforahappyNewYear.

致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。

8、WithbestwishesforahappyNewYear!

祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐新年。

9、Takegoodcareofyourselfintheyearahead.

愿你健康长寿!

10、WishingyouhappinessduringtheholidaysandthroughouttheNewYear.

愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。

The skiing,or traveling over snow on skis,the has a history of almost five millennia.Although modern skiing has evolved from beginnings in Scandinavia,it may have been practised as early as 600 BC in Daxinganling,in what is now China.

Originally purely the utilitarian,starting in the mid-1800s skiing became a popular recreational activity and sport,being practised around the world,and providing crucial economic support to purpose-built ski resorts and communities

The oldest and most accurately documented evidence of skiing origins is found in modern day Norway and Sweden.The earliest primitive carvings circa 5000 B.C.depict a skier with one pole,located in Rdy in the Nordland region of Norway.The first primitive ski was found in a peat bog in Hoting,Sweden which dates back to 4500 or 2500 B.C.

Skiing is a recreational activity and competitive sport in which the participant attaches long runners or skis to boots or shoes on the feet and uses them to travel on top of snow.Aside from recreation and competition,skiing has been used for military purposes and even travelling in areas that experience heavy snowfall.Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee,and the International Ski Federation.

Dear Tom,

Im glad to introduce my school life to you. In my school, the students life is colorful. We can do morning exercises in the morning, and it can keep us healthy. In class, our teachers teach us much knowledge which we cant learn from our parents. And the teachers are kind and friendly. We get along well with them. After class, we often play some interesting games. And people can hear us laughing. When it is time for us to have meals, I go to buy food in the school dinning room. We are glad to eat the delicious food. I like this kind of school life. Do you like it? Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

Winter came and the north wind blew up. The snow was heaped on the roof, on the ground, and in the pond a thick layer of ice. I dont have to pass the final exam,

A group of children were attracted by the white snow. They put on thick cotton padded clothes and went to the snow to play happily. Some of them are having a snowball fight, see, such a cold day, they can play the sweaty; some in the snowman, look, they pile up can be really nice; and in skiing, they had a good time!

How beautiful the winter is!

In recent years,protecting the environment is becoming more and more important to the whole human beings.It is everyones duty to do someting good to the environment around us.

As middle school students,we can also do a lot of helpful things.For example,we can protect it by not throwing rubbish away.We can save water to make full use of it.

Thingd we can do are a great many.Only when we have the idea of loving our environment can we make a better place to live.So everybody,lets take action!

spring couplets, a chinese new year decoration, are an integral part of chinas new year. their beginnings go back as far as the origins of new years festivities.

春联，是中国新年的装饰，没有春联，春节就不完整。春联的来历就要说到新年的来历

according to legends in the chinas ancient past there was a monster known as nian who often came down from the mountains to eat livestock and locals. it was discovered that he was afraid of the color red and so red paper was placed around doors and windows of houses and poems for good luck were added to them. the houses with the red paper were avoided by the monster, so its inhabitants were spared. the tradition has continued until today.

根据中国古代历史传说中记载，有一个叫“年的”怪物经常从山上到村子里吃牲畜。后来人们发现这个怪物怕洪泽，所以就在门上，窗户上贴红纸，红纸上面还写一些增加转运的诗。这样，怪兽害怕贴满红纸的屋子，所以这个风俗被流传了下来，一直直到今天。

couplets are traditionally painted with black ink on two pieces of red paper which is then hung on either side of a door.

对联传统的来讲是用黑墨在两张红纸上写字，然后贴在门的两侧。

one half is hung on either side. there is an extra piece of paper painted with words of prosperity hung above the door frame. traditionally the couplets are poems consisting of two lines of either four or five characters. they are painted from top to bottom, right to left.

一边贴张。另外还有一个横批写着意味繁荣之意之字贴在门框的上方。传统的对联，上联合下联是4个或5个字，是一对诗。写对联一般是从上到下，从右到左。

different couplets have different themes. for farmers the couplets are meant to bring bounty to them, whereas businessmens couplets are meant to bring money. traditionally scholars would paint couplets and give them to their friends, relatives, and the public. many people choose to create their own couplets. many times door god or the character "fu"is added to doors along with the couplets.

不同的对联有不同的主题。比如，给农民的对联是带来好收成，商人挣跟多钱。传统学者会自己写对联赠予朋友或亲人。许多人会自己设计属于自己的对联。门神和福字一般都是和对联配套的贴在门上的。