0

往年高考英语参考作文【经典20篇】

2024年全国各地高考语文考试已经结束,最受关注的除了满分作文,依然是零分作文。下面是小编整理的最美的风景作文,欢迎大家阅读!

浏览

7080

作文

843

高考往年话题作文

全文共 830 字

+ 加入清单

一颗炽热的童心,包含着热情、善良、慷慨的纯真,正如丰子恺所言,孩子的眼光善良而无私。学会保持一颗童心,造就伟大的纯真。

我并不否认“防人之心不可无”,但我们更应该像孩子一样“爱人之情不可无”,其实这种宝贵的品质,一直流淌在我们的血液。

翻开先秦的《诗经》,不仅陶醉在芳草萋萋原野茫茫,水天一色的自然场景,更魂牵梦绕于先人们的纯真本质。“投之以木瓜,报之以琼琚,匪报也,永以为好也。”如孩提一般的先民歌声,唱出了生活红最丰沛充盈的童心。你我之间没有猜忌,没有利益交换,有的是美好的投桃报李,让人心酸的精神慰藉。

童心在先秦先民的歌绽放,这歌传达的善良与美好,历尽沧桑,绵延于今,在几乎几千年中永不枯萎。因为童真的美好,一直是人们心中的梦。

回首战乱中的民国昆明,联大的校园内少不了生活的艰辛,物质的紧缺。然而如钱伟长、周汝昌、梅贻琦等一大批书生师长,面对青蒿孤舟,雨打漂泊,筚路蓝缕的崎岖,仍然保持着亘古不变的童心。钱伟长宁卖皮裘不愿卖书,周汝昌守着红学如孩儿一样笑口常开。

大师已殁,精神弥珍。如今他们的背影渐行渐远,然而他们如儿童一般的快乐、纯朴、无私,却尽致淋漓地表现出来。他们身力交瘁,心中恒有爱,不逢迎,不终利,天真乃是桀骜,成为民族记忆中最纯真的美好。

反观今日中国,却出现了格格不入的友善。复旦大学投毒案,罪犯是刚入社会的少男少女,童年的心灵被竞争、崇利乃至邪恶取代,犯下令人发指的行径。现在出现的反差,不正是他们的心灵提前硬化,沉沦堕落。

我们不能偏狭地指责复旦投毒案的残忍,但只要我们倡导身体力行交友交际的善良美好,在允许利益最大化的同时,多做一些善举,多让慷慨、淡泊快乐的心境在我们心中笑靥如花般绽放盛开。

庄子《逍遥游》中说“辩护内外之分,定乎荣辱之境”,这与英国作家赫胥黎的想法一脉相承。其实,保持童心易。童心是一种智慧,更是一种力量,在物欲的社会中异军突起,浑然天成,彰显纯真的力量。唱出了善良美好的人生真谛,让我们淡淡咀嚼炽热童心中流淌中的无限美好。

展开阅读全文

更多相似作文

篇1:澳大利亚高考优秀英语作文

全文共 574 字

+ 加入清单

australia, the largest country in oceania, lies on the south coast of the pacific. it covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. it has a population of over 10 million. most of its people live in the east of the country by the sea. canberra,the capital of australia,is a beautiful city. sydney is the biggest city in australia, which has many places of interest. the opera house is well known all over the world.the olympic games were held in sydney.

澳大利亚是大洋洲最大的国家,位于太平洋南海岸,国土面积760万平方公里,人口超过1 000万,大多数居民居住在东部地区,濒临海洋。首都堪培拉是一座美丽的城市。悉尼是全国最大的城市,有许多名胜,悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。奥运会就是在这里举行的。

展开阅读全文

篇2:我最喜欢的季节英语作文参考

全文共 2183 字

+ 加入清单

英语写作和语文写作一样,文字表述正确还只是最基本的要求,至于文字的流畅程度同样重要。不妨看看。不妨看看我最喜欢季节英语作文。 我最喜欢的季节英语作文一

My Favourate Season

How glad I am that summer has come!

I like summer best because I can have a very happy time then. Every summer I stay at my uncles house in the country for some time and enjoy the life there. I can also catch worms that are not found in cities. In addition, we can see many kinds of birds. I think the country is certainly a better place than the city for vacation.

Summer is my favourite season. 我最喜欢的季节英语作文二

There are four seasons in a year.The first season is spring. In spring, almost everything comes back to life. The snow begins to melt, the trees sprout and the grass turns green.Spring is warm so that its a good time to go hiking outdoors. After spring, itis summer. Summer is my favorite season,because I can swim quite often. The third one is autumn. In autumn, the weather is cool and comfortable. Farmers may be the busiest people, because autumn is a time of harvest.Winter is the last season of the year. In winter, the weather is very cold. In the north, it usually snows. Children can play games or make snowmen after snow. It seems very funny. But, because of the cold weather, I dont like winter very much. Whats your favorite season?

一年中有四个季节,第一个季节是春天。春天,万物复苏,雪开始融化,树木开始发芽,小草开始变绿。春天是个暖和的季节,是外出徒步旅行的好时机。春天过后就是夏天。夏天是我最喜欢的季节,因为我可以经常游泳。第三个季节是秋天。秋天,天气凉爽舒适。农民是最忙的人,因为秋天是收获的季节。冬天是一年的最后一个季节。冬天天气很冷,在北方经常下雪。下雪后孩子们喜欢玩游戏或者堆雪人,似乎很好玩。但是,由于天气寒冷,我不是很喜欢冬天。你最喜欢的季节是哪一个呢? 我最喜欢的季节英语作文三

My Favourite Season There are four seasons in one year, they are spring, summer, autumn and winter. In my opnion ,spring is the best season.First of all, it is very warm. The winter goes away, so the tempreture is higher ,and rather comfortable for human beings. Secondly, spring is very beautiful. The grass and trees grow freely, the flowers are rather colourful, the butterflies fly happily,and the wind is warmer. Thirdly, it is the first season in a year.It means the children are i one year older than before. They are adults now and they can protect themselves . And at last, I like spring just bacause I was born in March. All in all, I believe that spring is my favourite season.

[我最喜欢的季节英语作文参考

展开阅读全文

篇3:高考英语作文精选

全文共 504 字

+ 加入清单

My Low-carbon Life

The environmental pollution is worse and worsetoday. Many trees are cut down, and water and air are polluted. As a student Itry to have a low-carbon life to save energy and reduce pollution.

Firstly, I often walk to school. It can reduceair pollution. Secondly, I always turn off the lights and fans when leaving theclassroom. Thirdly, I always make full use of paper and other school things andnever waste water.

I wish more students to join me and make theearth more and more beautiful.

展开阅读全文

篇4:2024高考英语作文高分技巧

全文共 3816 字

+ 加入清单

英语作文在高考中起着重大的作用,怎么样才能写好英语作文呢?下面是语文迷为大家整理英语作文高分技巧,希望对你有帮助。

一、了解高分作文的特点

要想作文获得高分,必须了解高分作文具有的特点,才有助于我们朝之而努力。高分作文一般具有以下特点:

1、书写工整,书面整洁,很少有涂改痕迹。

2、分段合理。全文分段一般不止一个自然段,让阅卷老师很容易就能找到作文所要求写的要点和重要句子。

3、要点齐全,不缺要点。

4、首尾呼应,自然成一体。

5、使用了大量的高级词汇和句型。阅卷老师一看就知道这个同学的功底非不一般,自然就给打高分了。

6、开头言简意赅,不啰嗦,不偏题,迅速引入主题。

7、段与段之间,自然过渡。有合适的连接词。

8、句与句之间,有恰当的连接词,使之自然成一体。

9、全文中同一个意思,基本没有重复使用某一个词、短语或者句型等,说明这个同学的词汇量不同寻常。老师自然就对该作文有好感了。

10、能够恰当使用谚语、格言等给文章添彩。

二、勤积累,巧准备

要想作文得高分,除了了解以上的特点外,还要在平时的学习中注意一下方面:

1、牢记课标词汇是基础

一篇作文多数是由积极词汇写出来的,这些词汇主要来源于课标。因此,牢记课标词汇是写好作文的基础。

2、掌握课标词汇和短语的用法

要想作文不扣分或者少扣分,有个要求是作文的语病少。怎么能够减少语病呢?这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中反复通过练习,掌握课标词汇和短语等的用法。例如,对于as soon as 、stop some body from doing something 、other 、another等的用法很多学生就经常出错。

3、高度重视同一个意思的多种表达方式

高分作文有个特点是:让老师发现你拥有丰富的词汇量,你的水平高人一筹。这由何而来?靠我们在平时学习过程中,逐步积累起来的。比如:今年的中考作文,谈的就是帮助他人的问题。同一个意思“帮助”,假如你就用一个动词“help”,岂不显得你词汇贫乏?假如你在作文中不断地变换方式,用help、give somebody a hand、 give a hand to somebody 、be in need of 等以表达“帮助”同一个意思,岂不更好呢?

像这样的例子很多,比如:大家都觉得很简单又很基础的“表示姓名的方式”就有:My name is Jim. I’m Jim. I’m called/named Jim. I’m a boy called /named /with the name of Jim. 等等。

表达年龄的方式有:She is 12. She is 12 years old. She is aged 12. She is a girl of 12(years old). She is a girl aged 12.等等。

很显然,使用高级一点的更好。

4、加强练习,积累经验

学习语言最好的方法是运用,作文也不例外。我们要想作文得高分,必须经常练习,才能提高水平。

5、充分利用作文范文

很多资料书上都有作文范文。诚然,他们有很多值得借鉴的地方。

我们怎么利用它们呢?首先,我们先不要看文章,自己先思考一下:假如你来写,你会怎么去写,会用到哪些词或者句子等。然后去比较,勾出其中的好词佳句,并且把它摘录在专门的作文册子上。供写作时选用。

另外,背一些范文也是很有必要的。

6、背诵一些谚语和警句

作文中如果出现恰当的谚语和警句,会有锦上添花的效果。

三、精心审题,沉着写初稿

很多同学看到作文后,下笔就写。这是不对的。一则很容易写偏题、写出病句,涂改后书面又不整洁,影响得分。

其实,会写作文的同学都知道,审题非常的重要,可以防止很多毛病,提高得分。那么我们审题要做些什么呢?

审题主要要做一下事情:

1、审人称、时态、体裁等

审题时,要求我们要弄清楚这篇文章主要使用的人称是第几人称,什么时态、什么体裁。这些问题解决后至少不会犯很严重的错误:全文皆错。例如,如果一篇文章,本来应该一般过去时,你的每句话却用了一般现在时态。你想想,那还能得高分吗?

2、明确必须表达的要点

高分作文有个特点是要点齐全。如果漏掉一个要点,则要扣分。因此我们必须认真细读其要求,把必须表达的要点勾出来。保证不漏掉任何一个要点。

3、罗列出可能会用到的短语、句型,确定好使用哪个?

4、确定好如何分段

就是要确定好,将哪些要点放在一个自然段里面,首段、尾段打算写哪些?

高分英语句型

一.经典开头句型

1.As far as ...is/am/are concerned 就……而言

2.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

3.As the proverb says,... 正如谚语所说的,......

4.Its generally recognized that... 普遍认为......

5.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

6.Theres no denying the fact that... 毫无疑问,无可否认......

7.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比......更重要。

8.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…...

二.经典结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…...

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... 因此,我们有理由相信…...

3.It may be safely said that... 它可以有把握地说......

4.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论...…

5.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that… 通过数据我们得到的结论是,....

6.It can be concluded from the discussion that... 从讨论中我们可以得出......的结论

7.From my point of view, it would be better if... 在我看来,如果……也许更好

三.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是......

2.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore,... 然而问题并非如此简单,所以……

3.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…...

4.Further, we hold the opinion that... 此外,我们坚持认为,......

5.However , the difficulty lies in... 然而,困难在于…...

6.As it has been mentioned above... 正如上面所提到的…

7.In this respect,... 从这个角度上,......

四.常用于引言段的句型

1.Some people think that… 有些人认为…...

2.To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说,我不能同意他们的意见,理由如下。

3. I believe the statement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的,因为…...

4. Along with the development of…, more and more... 随着……的发展,越来越多的...…

5. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 就我而言,我完全同意前者/后者的观点。

五.表示比较和对比的常用句型

1. A is completely different from B. A和B完全不同。

2. The difference between A and B is/lies in... A和B不同的地方是......

六.因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

2. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

3. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

展开阅读全文

篇5:高考英语作文范文

全文共 861 字

+ 加入清单

一家宾馆新开业,为吸引外国宾客,期望在互联网上进行宣传,请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要资料应包括:

1。地点:距白山入口处500米;

2。房间及价格:单人间(共20间),100元/天;

双人间(共15间),150元/天;

热水淋浴;

3。餐饮:餐厅(中、西餐),咖啡厅(茶、咖啡);

4。游泳池:全天免费开放;

5。欢迎预订。

注意:1。词数100左右,开头语已为你写好;

2。可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Wele to Baishan Mountain Hotel

Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business

参考范文:

Wele to Baishan Mountain Hotel

Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business。

Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain。 It has 20 single rooms and 15 double rooms,all with hot showers。 A single room is 100 yuan and double room 150 yuan for one night。 You are advised to book in advance。 The hotel serves three meals a day and there are Chinese food and western food for you to choose from。 You can also enjoy yourself at the café drinking tea or coffee in the evening。 We also have a swimming pool,which is open all day and free of charge。

All are wele!

展开阅读全文

篇6:全国卷一高考满分作文参考

全文共 1027 字

+ 加入清单

亲爱的同学们:

大家好!今天我演讲的题目是《热爱劳动,从我做起》。

“民生在勤,勤则不匮”,劳动是财富的源泉,也是幸福的源泉。宋范成大《四时田园杂兴》诗云“昼出耘田夜绩麻,村庄儿女各当家。童孙未解供耕织,也傍桑阴学种瓜。”毛泽东与毛岸英的谈话中也曾说过:“你在苏联的大学毕业了,这很好,但学的是书本上的知识,可以说这只是知识的一半。你还需要上一个大学,就是劳动大学。”可见,不管是古代还是现在,不管是诗人还是政治家,都很重视劳动。

“夙兴夜寐,洒扫庭内”,热爱劳动是中华民族的优秀传统,绵延至今。作为学生,劳动可能并不直接创造财富,但可以培养优良品质。可是现实生活中,也有一些同学不理解劳动,不愿意劳动。有的说:“我们学习这么忙,劳动太占时间了!”真是这样么?

我们学习的是科学文化知识,而劳动也是科学文化的源泉。古有鲁班造锯,现有杂交水稻。现代科技,再也不是“四体不勤,五谷不分”的人闭门造车的产物,你看袁隆平,为了研究杂交水稻,吃住在田间地头,才解决了几亿人的温饱问题,现在又研究出了海水稻,离开一线劳动,这些都是不可想象的。学习怎么能离得开劳动?劳动是最好的学校!

有的说:“科技进步这么快,劳动的事,以后可以交给人工智能啊!”那现在呢?人工智能就不需要人工操作了吗?可见,这种论调也是站不住脚的。霍金不能说话,要靠一个电子设备发声,但也离不开两个指头的敲击。人工智能是机器的高级阶段,但制造工具的是人,最终操作工具的也是人。随着科技的进步,人类出现了两极分化的现象——制造工具的越来越聪明,但使用工具的越来越“愚蠢”。后者往往容易被工具“反制”,而一旦离开了所谓的高级工具,就会成为一个“废人”,一定要警惕!

也有的说:“劳动这么苦,这么累,干吗非得自己干?花点钱让别人去做好了!”这也是为自己的懒惰找借口!别人能干,你为什么就不能干?今天你坐办公室,明天你就保证不去送外卖?不要歧视劳动,更不要歧视劳动者。劳动者最光荣!人类的进化,固然是出于大脑的发达,但也有赖于肢体的完善。“头脑简单,四肢发达”固然偏颇,但“头脑发达,四肢萎缩”也不可取,那跟一台座机有何分别?我想没有人会要那样的人生,你看看那么多体育明星和他们的粉丝就知道了。

当然,我们身边也还有着一些不尊重劳动的现象。既不尊重劳动者,也不尊重别人的劳动成果,特别是破坏公共卫生。这是认识问题,更是品质问题。我们要切实改变观念,从我做起,从现在做起,做一个爱劳动的人,为社会创造财富,为自己赢得幸福!

展开阅读全文

篇7:高考英语作文万能模板

全文共 879 字

+ 加入清单

Dear editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an

entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think t hat an

entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a

place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either a t

home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it

will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will

take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be

accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be

used for paying the gardeners in the par k and buying some other kinds of

flowers and trees.

With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be

used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?

Yours truly,

Li Hua

展开阅读全文

篇8:高考英语作文高频语法词汇

全文共 1136 字

+ 加入清单

1.however

We will never countenance violence, however serious the threat against us.不管威胁多么严峻,我们永远不会容忍暴力。

2.rather than

Because love consists of accepting other person as he or she is rather than regulating her or

him.爱一个人就是接受他原来的样子而不是重塑他(以成为你期望的样子)。

3.instead of

She frittered away her time in going to the cinema instead of studying.她不把时间花在学习上,而是浪费在看电影上了。

4.but

On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other I distrust his judgment.一方面我羡慕他的才华,而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。

5.yet

Although I have not read through the Book of Persons, yet I will try to read it in every sense.尽管我还没有读完这本“人之书”,但我会一直努力从各个方面去阅读。

6.on the other hand

But on the other hand there is a wounded child inside you who wants recognition and appreciation from the outside world.但另一方面在你心中又有一个受伤的小孩想要来自外在世界的认同和欣赏。

On the other hand, users gather in this community and have fun.而另一方面,用户们也快乐的扎堆在这个社区里。

7.unfortunately

Unfortunately we do not have that luxury: we have only one planet.但不幸的是,我们没有这种奢侈:我们只有一个地球。(环保加分句)

8.whereas

Arid uplands are irrigated and planted with leafy gardens, whereas, on fertile plains, the parks are paved with stone.

在干旱的高地上引水灌溉,种植阔叶园林;然而在肥沃的平原上,公园里铺着石头。

[高考英语作文高频语法词汇

展开阅读全文

篇9:2024年高考英语作文预测mydream

全文共 1315 字

+ 加入清单

Everyone has their own dreams, I am no exception. But as a child dream too much, I dont know where to begin. Until one day, I put the entrepreneurs as my dream. From that day on, I strive for my dream.

I remember one day, my parents and I went for a walk flow river side. Dad suddenly asked me: "daughter, whats your dream?" "Mom, what are the career can choose? I said. "Lawyers, doctors, nurses, staff, scientists, inventors, etc., can be." Mother said. I thought for a while and said, "mom and dad, my dream is to: great entrepreneur." With that, I thought to myself: do entrepreneurs should read mba, you want to read mba will be admitted to the university, want to be admitted to the university study. I promise I will earnestly study and implement remote and great dreams.

When I dream, I will continue to struggle for their other dream. Make all his dreams had come true, leaving only a trace of regret. Ill take "struggle for your dream" for the purpose of this sentence.

每个人都有自己的梦想,我也不例外。但小时候的梦想太多了,我不知从何开始。直到有一天,我把企业家当作我的梦想。从那天开始,我为我的梦想而奋斗。

记得有一天,我和父母一起去流溪河边散步。爸爸突然问我:“女儿,你的梦想是什么?”“妈妈,有什么职业可以选择?”我说。“律师、医生、护士、公司职员、科学家、发明家等,都可以。”妈妈说。我沉思了一会儿,说:“爸爸妈妈,我的梦想是:伟大的企业家。”说完后,我心里想:要做企业家就要读工商管理,想读工商管理就要考上大学,想考上大学就要认真学习。我保证一定会认真学习,实现遥远而伟大的梦想。

当我实现梦想时,我会继续为自己别的梦想而奋斗。让自己所有的梦想都实现,让自己只留下一丝遗憾。我会以“为自己的梦想而奋斗”这句话为宗旨。

更多高考英语作文推荐:

展开阅读全文

篇10:2024年高考英语作文热门话题之十——网络用语

全文共 985 字

+ 加入清单

目前,一些诸如GG、MM、 Xia Mi 等网络语言在青少年中极为盛行,并且出现在家庭作业报告,甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以 “Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited (禁止)?”为题,根据下表内容用英语写一篇短文,并谈谈你自己的看法。

注意:

1. 短文开头已经给出,不计入总词数; 2. 词数:100-120左右 【参考范文】

Should Internet Slang Be Prohibited?

At present, Internet Slang, such as “GG, MM, Xia Mi”, has become popular among the teenagers.

There are different opinions on Internet Slang. Some students think Internet Slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence. Besides, it makes chatting on the Internet quicker.( 万业宝 www.wAnyEbao.CoM )

However, some other students think Internet Slang lacks depth of thought and is too simple. Also, it is hard to understand and not accepted by most people. The words sometimes might make people confused, even resulting in misunderstanding.

Every coin has two sides. In my opinion, living in the Information Age, if we don’t know the Internet Slang, we seem to fall behind the times. It will be OK as long as these terms are used correctly in proper situations.

展开阅读全文

篇11:2024年高考英语作文分类汇总

全文共 1518 字

+ 加入清单

导语:高考英语作文是高考英语中比较重要的一部分,好的句型又是英语作文中的亮点。下面是作文网小编为您收集整理的资料,希望对您有所帮助。

一.表示感想

1、我非常喜欢这部电影。

I like the film very much.

2、我很喜欢这个戏剧。

I am very fond of the play.

3、我厌烦了这儿的食物。

I am tired of the food here.

4、我感动得哭了。

I was moved to tears.

5、我兴奋得睡不着觉。

I was so excited that I could not fall asleep.

6、我如此的悲伤以至于眼里充满泪水。

I was so sad that tears came to my eyes.

7、多漂亮的画啊!

What a beautiful picture!

8、士兵们多勇敢啊!

How brave the soldiers are!

9、我从来没看过这么好的电影。

I have never seen a better film.

10、我的书比你的书多。

I have more books than you.

二.叙述事件

1、故事发生在伦敦。

The story happened in London.

2、起初,他没看见那个人。

At first, he didn’t see the man.

3、然后,他走到汽车那儿。

Then he went over to the bus.

4、过了一会儿,他上了小汽车。

After a little while,he got on the car.

5、后来,他掏出了枪。

Later on he took out his gun.

6、最后,他被捕了。

At last, he was arrested.

7、开始时,老师给我们做了简短的介绍。

In the beginning, the teacher gave us a brief introduction.

8、后来,他开始在黑板上写东西。

Afterwards, he began to write something on the blackboard.

9、同时,学生记笔记。

Meanwhile, the students took notes.

10、最终,学生们成功了。

In the end, the students succeeded.

三.通知与信件

1、先生们,女士们,请注意!

Ladies and gentlemen,attention please!

2、我有重要的事告诉你们。

I have something important to tell you.

3、今天下午3点在图书馆有一个讲座。

We are going to have a lecture in the library at 3:00 this afternoon.

4、演讲者是一个美国教授。

The speaker will bean American professor.

5、他将谈论空气污染的问题。

He will talk about air pollution.

6、请大家按时到场。

Please be there on time.

7、我要说的就这些,谢谢!

That’s all. Thank you!

8、你最近怎么样?

How have you been recently?

9、我写信是要告诉你一个好消息。

I am writing to tell you a piece of good news.

10、希望早日收到你的回复。

I am looking forward to your early reply.

展开阅读全文

篇12:高考英语满分作文范文江苏卷:成为优秀倾听者Tobecomeagoodlistener

全文共 1598 字

+ 加入清单

实现有效的沟通,建立良好的人际关系,不仅要善于言表,更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息,写一篇题为 “Being a Good Listener” 的英文演讲稿。

注意:

1、 对所给要点,逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。

2、 词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数。

3、 演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。

Good afternoon, everyone.

大家下午好。

The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”.

今天我演讲的题目是“做一个好听众”。

Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship.

善于倾听,能表现出尊重,增进理解,增进人际关系。

Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children, so they will understand them better, and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students, then they can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed.

许多人认为父母应该多听他们的孩子,这样他们就会更好地理解他们,并发现很容易缩小代沟;教师应该多听他们的学生,然后他们可以满足他们的需要更好,并把自己在一个良好的关系,学生,学生应该多听他们的同学,从而他们将帮助和相互学习,和友谊可能会形成。

What I want to stress is that each of us should listen to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.

我想强调的是,我们每个人都应该听从别人的要求。表现出你的尊重,从不停止别人的谈话,表明你对一个支持性的沉默或是一个微笑的微笑很感兴趣;对不同意见的人持开放态度,即使你不喜欢他们。用一个词,好的听力可以使我们彼此接近。

Thank you for your listening!

谢谢你的聆听!

这是一篇感情真挚、热情洋溢的演讲稿,文中大量运用排比句型,不但准确流畅地表达出题目中所提供的信息,而且体现出作者熟练运用英语的能力以及不俗的文采。第三段中所使用的相同结构的复合句式,将倾听的对象及其作用阐述得淋漓尽致;而第四段中用一系列的祈使句议论应如何倾听,则更进一步地增强了这篇演说稿的说服力。

展开阅读全文

篇13:2024年高考英语写作句型

全文共 3085 字

+ 加入清单

英语书面表达是体现个人水平的一个主要因素,也是各种考试考查的重要内容。怎样才能提高英语写作能力呢?方法是多种多样的,但最重要的是夯实学生的语言基本功,打好坚实的基础。语言的基本功在写作教学中体现为准确应用词汇和正确使用句型结构的能力,语句的组织衔接和谋篇布局的能力。在学生真正地掌握语汇用法的前提下,比较行之有效的方法是把句型教学放在写作情景中进行教授,培养学生的应用和运用能力。

在句型结构教学中,应尽多设计一些写作情景,使句型结构服务于教学,这样不仅提高了学生的写作兴趣,也加强了教学的目的性和针对性。为了提高写作能力和写作水平,本文主要归纳和总结了英语写作中常用的一些重点句型。希望能给同行们在教学中,学生在学习上有一些帮助。

以形式主语it引导的句型。

句型1.

It (so) happened(chanced) that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced to do sth. =sb.did sth. by chance. 如:

It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时,碰巧他不在。=He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there.

句型2.

It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/to be done/to have been done(还有动词appear等可这样使用)如:

It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.他好象以前去过北京。=He seemed to have been to Beijing before.

句型3.

It is / was+被强调的部分+that(who)+剩余的部分.如:

It wasn’t until he came back that I went to bed.直到他回来我才睡觉。(一定要注意被强调句型中的谓语动词否定的转移)。 It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school today.只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。(只能用because而不能用for, as 或since)

It is I who am a student. 我确实是个学生。(句中am不能用are来代替。)

句型4.

It is high time (time/ about time)+ (that) 主语+should do / did+其它。(从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气。)如:

It is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。

句型5.

It is / was said ( reported…)+that+从句. 如:

It was said that he had read this novel.据说他读过这篇小说。=He was said to have read this novel.

句型6.

It is impossible / necessary/ strange…that clause.(从句中的谓语用should+do / should have done,其形式是虚拟语气。)如:

It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪,他这次考试没有及格。

句型7.

It is + a pity/ a shame…that clause.(注意从句中的谓语动词用should do或should have done的形式,但should可以省略。)如:

He didn’t come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. 他直到电影结束才回来。他没有看到这部电影真可惜。

句型8.

It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /…that +clause.(从句的谓语动词用should do, 但should可以省略。)如:

It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议推迟会议。

句型9.

It is/was+表示地点的名词+where+从句。(注意本句不是强调句型,而是以where引导的定语从句。)如:

It was this house where I was born.请比较:It was in this house that I was born.(后一句是强调句型。)

句型10.

It is / was +表示时间的名词+when+从句。(注意本句型也不是强调句型,而是以when引导的定语从句。)如:

It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 请比较:It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.

句型11.

It is well-known that+从句。如:

It is well-known that she is a learned woman.众所周知,她是个知识渊博的妇女。

句型12.

It is +段时间+since+主语+did. 请比较:

It was +段时间+since+主语+had done. 如:

It is five years since he left here.他已经离开这儿五年了。

It was five years since he left here.(同上)

注意下列句型的翻译:It is five years since he lived here.他从这儿搬走已经有五年了。

句型13.

It +谓语+段时间+before+主语+谓语.( before引导的是时间状语从句。) 如:

It wasn’t long before the people in that country rose up.没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。

It will be three hours before he comes back.三个小时之后他才能回来。

句型14.

It is +形容词(possible, impossible, necessary等) +for+ sb.+ to do. 如:

It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的。

句型15.

It is +(心理品质方面的)形容词+of + sb. +to do.= 主语+ be +形容词+to do.(常用的形容词有:kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等。)如:

It is kind of you to help me.=You are kind to help me.你真好给我提供了帮助。

展开阅读全文

篇14:往年高考命题作文

全文共 693 字

+ 加入清单

原野上,有什么?有柳树,有杨树,有麻雀,有蝴蝶……你又喜欢什么?为什么喜欢?也许你爱杨树,因为它挺拔伟岸;也许你爱柏树,因为它万古长青;也许你爱柳树,因为它婀娜多姿……也许你喜欢蝴蝶,因为它的美丽,也许你喜欢燕子,因为它是益鸟……你喜欢蚂蚁吗?或许你不爱,更或许你都没有注意过它。它,几乎是食物链最底端的动物,但是它却有惊人的成就。你对它有什么了解?你说:它有六条腿、俩触角,三岁小孩都知道。你说对了,但是,你知道蚂蚁的力量吗?你说:蚂蚁能举起比他重5倍的东西,这就是它的力量。你说的也对,但这不是最主要的。你怕一只蚂蚁吗?

不怕!但一群呢?恐怕你、包括我们大家,就都怕了。见过蚂蚁吃毛虫吗?蚂蚁的体重和毛虫根本不成正比,为什么却能把它咬死并运回巢穴呢?很简单,是因为他们团结。据说当蚂蚁发现敌情时,会告诉同伴一起来御敌。如发现有火情,蚂蚁会抱成团一拥而上,不管火有多烫,它们都要冲到最前线,外面的烧焦了,里面的继续滚,直到消灭险情,多么壮观而震撼人的`场面啊!如果上面的事例不足以说明问题的话,请再看下面一则事例:1998年,长江洪水泛滥,一个巨大的蚁穴不幸被围困其中,蚂蚁们发现这一险情后,立刻抱成一个团向水中滚去,它们在水中漂浮着,大浪不断打来,外面的蚂蚁不断地被冲下来,就这样整整在水中飘行了1个多小时,才到了岸边,原来一个篮球大的蚁团也只剩下皮球大小。江水奔腾、咆哮,吞噬过无数生灵,却打不跨蚂蚁用团结、友谊、意志和生命组成的“墙”!人间最可畏的,不是满身力量的武士,而是像蚂蚁一样卑微的人的团结,是“蚂蚁”们用团结、友谊、意志,乃至生命筑成的“墙”,一堵打不跨,冲不坏的“墙”

展开阅读全文

篇15:高考优秀英语邀请函:摄影展

全文共 997 字

+ 加入清单

导语:忙绿的高考已经结束了,全国各地高考英语满分作文也相继出来了,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

假定你是李华,你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供作品。信的内容包括:

1.主题:环境保护;

2.展览时间;

3.投稿邮箱:intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

范文:Dear Peter,

Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last three weeks. Any students who is interested in welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that themethe last time you visitedour school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, youcan send your photos to .

Hope to hear from you soon.

Yours

Lihua

【参考译文】

我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际高中学生摄影展。主题的展示是环保。它将从6月15日开始,持续三周。有兴趣的学生参加。我知道你拍了好的照片,你总是想做一些环保的事。我记得你告诉我,你上一次主题的一些照片visitedour学校。这无疑是一个很好的机会让更多的人看到他们。如果你想加入,你可以发送你的照片。

希望不久能收到你的来信。

展开阅读全文

篇16:绿野仙踪英语读后感参考

全文共 4984 字

+ 加入清单

绿野仙踪》这本书,让你有何收获呢?下面一起去阅读小编整理的绿野仙踪英语读后感吧,欢迎借鉴!

After reading this wonderful story, I can feel love, brave, deep friendship and some other good spirits in the people.

Scarecrow wanted some brains, but on the way to emerald city, he came up with a way across the river. Timid lions want to be brave, but when they meet the river, he jumps over it with other friends. The tin man wants a heart, he says he can t love, but he doesn t want to hurt any animals.

In fact, they all have the things they want: the Scarecrow is clever, the Cowardly Lion is brave and the Tin Man is kind-hearted.

This book tells us a story of how a little girl Dorothy goes back to her hometown when she is in another strange city. Dorothy is a little girl who lived with her aunt and uncle in Kansas. The weather there is very bad, sometimes there was a cyclone. When a cyclone came, people stayed under their houses. But one day a cyclone blows Dorothy’s house, with Dorothy and her dog Toto in it, to a country called Oz. In that city there are four witches and a very famous wizard—the Wizard of Oz. And Dorothy’s house just fell on the bad Witch of the East and killed her, so the people there were very happy. Dorothy took the witch’s red shoes and wore them. She wanted to go home to Kansas but she doesn’t know how to get there. So the Witch of North told her to go to the Emerald City to find the Wizard of Oz to help her. Then Dorothy met the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion, but they need help too. The Scarecrow wanted some brains, the Tin Man wanted a heard, and the Cowardly Lion wanted to be brave. So they all take the yellow brick road to the Emerald City. On the way to the Emerald City they met some difficulties, but they solved them successfully. After they met the Wizard of Oz, the wizard gave them another challenge—to kill the bad Witch of the West and they accept. During the way to the Witch of the West’s house, they were caught by the witch and Dorothy was requested to work for her. One day, when the witch tried to catch Dorothy’s red shoes, Dorothy threw some water on the witch by accident and the Witch of the West disappeared. Only water can kill her. So Dorothy went back to the Emerald City with her friends but they found the Wizard of Oz is not a real wizard, he is also a man came from Kansas, and he is just a conjurer. He wanted to go back to Kansas too. So he made a big balloon and prepared to go. But when the balloon is going to raise, Dorothy’s dog Toto jumped away to run after a cat, so Dorothy had to get Toto back and they were left in Oz. Then Dorothy and Toto went and find the Witch of the South and the witch told them they can just use the red shoes on Dorothy’s feet, they’re a pair of magic shoes, they could take anybody go back to their home as soon as she said‘East, west—home is the best!’After Dorothy said goodbye to her friends, she went back to her new home with her dog. It’s really a wonderful risk.

Yes, no matter where we are, home is always the best place for us to rest or study. There are our parents here; there are also our favorite things here. At home, we feel safe, we feel comfortable, and we can relax ourselves.

From this story, we can see Dorothy is a brave and kind-hearted girl. She killed the two bad witches in Oz; she helped the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion to go to the Emerald City to find the Wizard and get what they want. She solved problems when they met difficulties. It’s really not easy for such a little girl.

We also learn that teamwork is important for us. When we are in trouble, we can ask our friends for help, and also, when our friends need help, we should go and help them. Just remember, more people, more power. It’s always better has more people to do a thing. Teamwork is really necessary in our lives.

And we can see the Scarecrow is absolutely cleaver, he understands things, he can think, he learn quickly, and he suggested Dorothy to cut down a tree to cross the river. The tin man has a kind heart, he laughs, he cries, he loves, he feels sorry for people. The Cowardly Lion is really brave, he did a lot of brave things, he carried the friends to go across the river, and he wanted to find some food for his friends and so on. We should learn from them too. When we are in trouble, we should calm down, watch the things around carefully, and try to think out of a way to solve it, just like the Scarecrow. We also should be brave as we are in danger, we can’t be afraid, we should face the difficulty and try to go through it, just like the Cowardly Lion. And we should learn to love people, to feel sorry for people, to make more friends, to get on well with everyone around us, just like the Tin Man.

Yes, we should learn how to get on with other people, we should help each other, we should be brave, we should love other people. If we can do like this, we can be a better girl (boy), more and more people will make friends with us, and more and more people will like us!

展开阅读全文

篇17:高考预测优秀参考作文800字

全文共 848 字

+ 加入清单

老虎穷追不舍,狼在山洞里跑来跑去,由于没有出口,无法逃脱,最终被老虎吃掉了。 这只狼比灰太狼还要倒霉。它忙碌了三天,却是自掘坟墓。它之所以死亡,固然有弱肉强食的原因,但最重要的是它没给自己留下余地。如果人如此狼,则品位太低。“背水一战“、“置之死地而后生”的情况的确是有的,但还是多条后路比较好。

余地留给自己。河南巩义的康百万庄园的堂屋上挂着一块匾,上书“留余”二字。宽备窄用,生意兴隆,康家便有了骏马一天也跑不了一圈的大庄园。庄园里还有一条精心设计的地道,以便主人在紧急情况下逃脱。山西平遥古城的县衙里也有一条地道。这些都是留后路的例子。

余地留给他人。人大多不是圣人,尴尬时需要一个台阶,穷困时需要一点救助,绝望时需要一条出路,如果没有回旋余地,必然激化他们与社会的矛盾。

余地留给生命。为什么要“网开一面”?为什么提倡“不涸泽而渔,不焚林而猎”?因为一个人把一个地区的动物都灭了,周围的人吃什么?这个人的子孙吃什么?现在东海每年都有禁渔期,草原也有禁牧期,希望“天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊”的美丽画面更多地出现。

余地留给艺术。中国画大都讲究“留白”,给欣赏者留下想象的空间。“刻削之道,鼻莫如大,目莫如小。鼻大可小,小不可大也;目小可大,大不可小也。”雕刻也需要留下修改的余地。琵琶女在演奏中也曾出现这样的情景:“间关莺语花底滑,幽咽泉流冰下难。冰泉冷涩弦凝绝,凝绝不通声暂歇。别有幽愁暗恨生,此时无声胜有声。”这是音乐上的“留白”。白居易写完琵琶女的演奏后,并未急于收笔,而是写了“东船西舫悄无言,唯见江心

秋月白”二句,让人产生“舞幽壑之潜蛟,泣孤舟之嫠妇”的遐思,则是文学上的“留白”,深得艺术的要旨。

余地产生品位。比尔·盖茨主动退位,让人感到亲切;本·拉登搞恐怖袭击,只能自断后路。美国耗时十年,终于将其击毙。老虎再贪婪,也会给秃鹫和鬣狗留一副狼的骨架的。 衣服宽松则舒适,时间宽裕则悠闲,空间宽阔则坦荡,心胸宽广则豁达。

“缓揭帘,勿有声;宽转弯,勿触棱。”让我们留下余地,活出品位。

展开阅读全文

篇18:高考英语满分作文NetBar-网吧

全文共 2042 字

+ 加入清单

With the development of the Intemet, the net bar plays an important role in peoples life. More and more people, especially students, like to go to net bars. They are absorbed in playing video games, making bad friends and having a chat with "Meimei" on the net in the bar. Some students often go on playing late into the night in the net bar. As a result, not only does it do harm to their health but also produces a bad effect on their studies. Now a lot of net bars have been shut down in Beijing. But some students go by bus to the net bars at suburbs to play.

Fortunately, more and more parents and schools have realized it. Recently, more than six thousand students ensured that they would be far away from net bars in Jinzhou city, Liaoning Province. It is quite necessary for the students to get rid of the bad habit.

随着因特网的发展,网吧在人们生活中扮演了重要的角色。越来越多的人,特别是学生,愿意到网吧去,他们沉迷于在网吧玩电子游戏、结交坏朋友以及和荚眉聊天。一些学生常常在网吧玩到深夜,这些会导致学生的健康和学习问题。现在北京市已关闭了一些网吧,但是,一些学生乘车到郊区的网吧去玩。

庆幸的是,越来越多的家长和学校已经意识到这点。最近,辽宁省锦州市六千多名学生保证远离网吧。学生摆脱掉这种坏习惯是非常必要的。

Recently, more and more students would like to go to net bars, especially students. It has become quite commom to go there. They waste too much precious time on playing video games in the net bar. As a result, not only does it do harm to their health but also produces a bad effect on their studies. Their health becomes worse and worse and their studies are neglected. Now a lot of net bars have been shut down in Beijing. But some students go to the net bars at suburbs to play.

Fortunately, more and more parents and schools have realized it. Recently, more than six thousand students ensured that they would be far away from net bars in Jinzhou city, Liaoning Province. Most students are making full use of their time and devoting themselves to their studies. It is a good thing.

最近,越采越多的人,特别是学生,愿意到网吧去,这已经成为一种普遍的现象。他们花费了大量的宝贵时间泡在网吧里玩电予游戏,结果不仅损害了他们的身体,也对他们的学习产生了不良影响。他们的身体变坏了,学习被忽视了。现在北京市已关闭了一些网吧,但是一些学生乘车到郊区的网吧去玩。

庆幸的是,越来越多的家长和学校已经意识到了这一点。最近,辽宁省锦州市六千多名学生保证远离网吧。大多数的学生充分利用时间,全身心投入到学习中去。这是一件大好事。

对微博的看法 View of the micro Bo

展开阅读全文

篇19:往年高考作文指导

全文共 796 字

+ 加入清单

猪年的春晚,我听到一声之前从没有听过的曲子“老腔”——那黄土地黑皮肤锣鼓喧天吼声震颤八百里山川河岳的歌!我愿意把它令人震撼的力量归结为一个词——接地气!“老腔”不是曲高和寡的阳春白雪,它不适合浅斟吟唱。很简单,在大西北粗砺的风沙中,阳春白雪扎不下根来,浅斟吟唱传不到远处,它吼出的是底层草根心里的呐喊,它体现的是生民发展的原生态艰难岁月。

“老腔”牵系着那么多,承载着那么多——俗称之为民俗,雅称之为文化!它有令人震撼的力量,因为它的真实,它的本色,它的温情,也因为它深深扎根于这片热土的执着——它荣,他们荣;它辱,他们辱;它兴,他们兴;它衰,他们衰!

陈道明曾在一次电视节目上发飙,几十个来自山西稷山的农村孩子表演了一出高台花鼓,满堂喝彩,却被几位评委贬低得一无是处。陈道明怒斥:你们对传统文化毫无理解,居然就直接否定了这个节目。你们可能读过不少书,有很高的知识水平,但对中国传统文化和农耕文明却知之甚少、理解不了……震撼,真的不在于文化程度有多高,无所谓见识有多广,而在于能不能放弃那种矫揉造作的势态,以赤子之心感受到一种发自心底的冲动与虔诚。

老腔、秦腔、花鼓的传承者们,骨子里就是一种这样动人的虔诚。只是我们误解了这种虔诚,甚至蔑视地称它为“愚昧”。于是我们看到令人落泪的一幕——义务宣发方负责人方励现身某直播平台用下跪、磕头的极端方式,恳求全国院线经理为《百鸟朝凤》增加排片!《百鸟朝凤》仅仅是吹唢呐吗?错,它坚守的是在东西方文化八面来风中,可贵的文化自觉和文化定力;它表达的是对中国优秀传统文化的认识和传承,以及对现实中普通人的细致关怀……中华大地,沉默无言,山重水复,莽莽苍苍,它的激情,只为生于斯长于斯逝于斯的人而奔泻,而我们的文化便被这种奔泻所裹卷,吞吐千年,涵纳古今!为什么我的眼里常含泪水?因为我对这土地爱得深沉。期待如“老腔”般的传统艺术能更多地走进人们的视野,老腔变红腔!

展开阅读全文

篇20:2024年高考英语作文素材积累:与时间有关的谚语

全文共 1472 字

+ 加入清单

Time is a file that wears and makes no noise.光阴如锉,细磨无声

Time stays not the fools leisure.时间不等闲逛的傻瓜

Time and I against any two.和时间携起手来,一人抵两人

Time is life and when the idle man kills time, he kills himself.时间就是生命,懒人消耗时间就是消耗自己的生命。或时间就是生命,节省时间,就是延长生命

Time spent in vice or folly is doubly lost.消磨于恶习或愚行的时间是加倍的损失

Time undermines us.光阴暗中催人才。或莫说年纪小人生容易老

Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人

Time cannot be won again.时间一去不再来

Time is , time was , and time is past.现在有时间,过去有时间,时间一去不复返

Time lost can not be recalled.光阴一去不复返

Time flies like an arrow , and time lost never returns.光阴似箭,一去不返

Time tries friends as fire tries gold.时间考验朋友,烈火考验黄金

Time tries truth.时间检验真理

Time is the father of truth.时间是真理之父

Time will tell.时间能说明问题

Time brings the truth to light.时间使真相大白。或时间一到,真理自明。

Time and chance reveal all secrets.时间与机会能提示一切秘密

Time consecrates: what is gray with age becomes religion.时间考验一切,经得起时间考验的就为人所信仰

Time reveals(discloses) all things.万事日久自明

Time tries all.时间检验一切

There is no time like the present.现在正是时候

Take time by the forelock.把握目前的时机

To choose time is to save time.选择时间就是节省时间

Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.今日事,今日毕

Procrastination is the thief of time.拖延为时间之窃贼

One of these days is none of these days.拖延时日,终难实现。或:改天改天,不知哪天

Tomorrow never comes.明天无尽头,明日何其多

What may be done at any time will be done at no time.常将今日推明日,推到后来无踪迹

Time works wonders. 时间可以创造奇迹或时间的效力不可思议

Time works great changes.时间可以产生巨大的变化

Times change.时代正在改变

Time is money.时间就是金钱或一寸光阴一寸金

Time flies.光阴似箭,日月如梭

Time has wings.光阴去如飞

展开阅读全文