高中期末英语作文写作素材(20篇)

Today is the National Day, but also our 30th anniversary of the founding of China. I am bored after a morning, in the afternoon, I went to my sisters house to play.

I am happy to the sister, but to her home I was disappointed, the original sister did not think what to play, we racked our brains, and finally thought of a game: grab the bench.

We found ten children to play, the rules of the game is this: Please the five children (including me and my sister) with the music around four bench circle. Music stop, we must immediately grab a bench to sit down. Who did not grab, who would be eliminated. The second round is four and three bench. The last round only two people and a bench, and who grabbed the last bench who would win. By aunt when the referee.

Big aunt first invited Wang Yue, Lai Yun, Yu Jing and my sister to play. The rest of the children on the side when the cheerleaders. I saw the two of them relatively standing, Yu Jing children did not show weakness, raised his head, Tingzhuo, not afraid of the way; look at Lai cloud students, half open eyes, hands into the trousers, are not See Yu Jing this skinny monkey. With the big aunt whistle, the game began.

When the music sounded, they turned around the bench. When they are spinning, we are seeing the gods. Music and suddenly stopped. Lai Yun seems to have no response over, standing on that look at my sister and grab the bench. But I do not know ye engage in, her eyes light up, found an empty bench. Lai Yun immediately ran to sit. Later, my sister was eliminated. The second round, three rounds of Lai and my two children were eliminated in turn.

The last round only two female students. As soon as the music sounded, they turned slowly around the bench. Their eyes staring at the only Zhang bench, and my heart is also very nervous. Our cheerleaders shouted: "Wang Yue Come on! Wang Yue will win! Wang Yue Come on!" Yu Jing did not hear the students to their own voice, it seems more tense. Tension is useless. Music stop, Wang first grabbed the bench more than half, Yu Jing grabbed only a small half.

Wangs victory, so that we are happy and jump again and again.

Through this game, our actions are more agile. I am so happy today

Today was Saturday, early in the morning, I woke up and stayed at home the whole morning to watch TV. After finishing my lunch, I had nothing to do, so I decided to call my friends out. I headed to the coffee shop which was near a square.

There were a lot of people in the square, some women were dancing and singing, while some men were taking the chess. I walked into the coffee shop, chose a table which was near the window, so that I could see the outside scenery.

When my friends came, we talked happily, we shared the things that happened during these days.

Then all my pressure was relieved, I forgot about the annoyance on my study. At that moment, I was enjoying the time talking with my friends. I had the great time this afternoon.

今天是星期六，一大早，我就起床了，整个上午，我都呆在家里看电视。

在吃完午饭后，我没有什么事情去做，因此我决定叫我的朋友们出去。我前往一家广场附近的咖啡店。广场里有很多人，一些女人在唱歌和跳舞，然而一些男人在下象棋。我走进了咖啡店，选择了一张近窗口的桌子，这样我就能看到外面的风景。

当我的朋友们来了以后，我们聊得很愉快，分享了在这段时间发生的事情。然后我所有的压力都得到了释放，我忘记了学习上的烦恼。在那个时刻，我享受着和朋友们聊天的时光。今天下午我度过了愉快的时光。

[高中英语作文：午后时光

"In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze warms Tu su." In the sound

of firecrackers again and again, we have successfully entered 2020, but in this

year, something unexpected happened - the discovery of a new type of coronavirus

in China. Now, more than 10000 people have been infected with the virus, which

has eclipsed Asian lions

But the virus didnt make us shrink back: when we learned that the epidemic

in Wuhan was extremely bad, many angels in white immediately gave up their

holidays and asked for their orders to go to Wuhan and choose to be a rebel.

Zhong Nanshan was one of them. In 2003, he was ordered to fight against SARS, 17

years later. In 2020, he came to the front again to fight against the new type

of pneumonia. He is 84 years old. He should have enjoyed life at home happily,

but he still sticks to the front line of anti epidemic. Like him, other doctors

and nurses give up the time of reunion with their relatives, fight against the

disease, eat the simplest instant noodles, and fall asleep when they are tired

at any place. They are all the most beautiful reversers. As the saying goes, no

matter what time is quiet, only someone is carrying a load.

Besides them, of course, volunteers have also made great contributions.

Many capable people donate money to Wuhan, such as masks and protective

clothing. A large number of rescue teams went to Wuhan to fight against the new

pneumonia. It is said that if one side is in trouble, all sides should support

it. On January 24, a non-woven fabric enterprise in a town had bright lights,

and the enterprise was putting full power into the production of masks. In order

to meet the needs of the epidemic, the workers who should have taken the leave

gave up the Spring Festival holiday and resolutely returned to work. The factory

director said the workers returned to work three times their wages, ensuring

240000 masks a day and providing materials for medical staff.

导语：什么是温暖?就是在需要帮助时帮助你，什么是温暖?就是在失败时鼓励你，什么是温暖?就是在远去的路上祝福你，什么是温暖?就是用心去爱你!下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

一是在美国，曾有个小女孩儿给林肯写信，希望他留起胡子，林肯极认真地读了这封信，不仅立刻给孩子回了信，还真的留起了胡子。

一是在印度，泰戈尔曾收到过一位小姑娘的信，信中问道：“爷爷，我想用您的名字给我的小狗命名，行吗?”泰戈尔不仅立即回信表示“坚决”同意，还特意在信中加了一句：“不过，命名之前，最好先征求一下小狗的意见。”

自然，这也叫温暖。

当矮小、瘦弱的陈贤妹将被车碾压的小悦悦抱起来的时候，她想不到自己因此成为舆论中心。目不识丁的陈阿婆很不解：“我在广州那边救人，那些人坐单车坐三轮车摔倒我去拉他们起来，也没事啊，我怎么知道这次捧起一个小女孩会是这么大的一件事。”

陈贤妹不知道，在她之前，已经有18个路人“路过”小悦悦身边而没有采取任何行动。对陈贤妹来说，抱起小悦悦只为对得起自己的良心。

对于良心，北京师范大学文化学者于丹认为，良心是我们内心对是非一种很本能的判断……我们今天坚持平凡的良心，不是因为我们崇高，正因为我们脆弱。因为我们和我们的老小都需要平凡的良心，也许就在下一分钟，也许就在下一个路口。

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____。

2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future。

3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______。

4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______。

5.随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better。

6.至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____。

7.对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______。

8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______。

9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____。

10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____。

导语：诚然，制度和监督是外力的遏制，作为具有五千年文明史的中华民族，勤俭节约的优良传统是不能丢的，“成由勤俭破由奢”的历史戒律更要时时谨记，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

据媒体报道，中国人在餐桌上浪费的粮食一年高达2000亿元，被倒掉的食物相当于2亿多人一年的口粮。与此形成鲜明对照的是，我国还有一亿多农村扶贫对象、几千万城市贫困人口以及其他为数众多的困难群众。

数十年的经济快速发展，让我们离饥馑年代越来越远，现在的生产力和生产关系基本解决了吃饱问题，而开始着眼于吃得健康与否的问题。但是，粮食安全从来就是一个主权国家的头等大事，粮食的特殊性和相对稀缺性，决定了粮食也是与全社会成员利益息息相关的公共资源。一个人可以通过市场交易占有和享有粮食，但没有权利浪费粮食。不仅没有权利浪费，如果浪费还应面临制度措施的惩罚。

作为一个有着悠久农耕文明的国家，作为一个自诩勤劳节俭的民族，我们的传统，我们的历史，我们身体血液里流淌的文化因子，都让我们本能排斥铺张浪费。三百多年前的《朱子家训》对此有着点睛之笔：一粥一饭，当思来之不易;半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰。

要想刹住“舌尖浪费”之风，必须要有全社会的正能量。首先要有敬畏劳动者之心，敬畏劳动者就是珍惜粮食，若连粮食都不能珍惜的官员，谈何以民为本?若连粮食都不能珍惜的人，谈何国富民强?勤俭节约是中华民族的优良传统，也是中华民族伟大复兴的根本。一切发展都是建立在充裕的粮仓之上，没有盈实的仓廪，何以保障中国梦的实现?

诚然，制度和监督是外力的遏制，作为具有五千年文明史的中华民族，勤俭节约的优良传统是不能丢的，“成由勤俭破由奢”的历史戒律更要时时谨记，所以，只有社会传递“勤俭节约“的正能量，发扬共产党艰苦朴素的工作作风和中华民族勤俭节约的优良传统，让每个人在内心拥有“浪费可耻，节约光荣”的荣辱观，才能在内外结合下刹住“舌尖上的浪费”这股不正之风。

Every child is surrounded by the deep mother love. However, we often turn a

blind eye to the love. One day I deeply felt the love.

One day I hurried home for lunch after school, because there would be an exam

in the afternoon and I had expected to go back to school early to prepare for

the exam. But when I got home, the lunch was not ready yet. I felt unhappy. When

the dishes were served, I forund none I like. I ran out of my house angrily and

wanderde on the street for a while,hungry. Then I walked to school.

When I got into the classroom, I saw a lunch box on my desk. One classmate

told me that it was my mother ther that had brought it here.After opening the

box, I found my favorite food inside. My eyes was moist with tears.

Mother gave me her love without asking for return, How deep mother love

is!

I study in a high school, the school is far away from my home, so I have to live in the school.

The first day I came to the school, the headmaster led me to a dormitory, he said I would have three roommates.

I was the first one to come, so I waited a minute to meet my roommates.

At last, I saw them, they are from different places, I learned how to get along with them. Li Hua loves music so much, he can play guitar, we hear him play guitar when we don’t have class.

Wang Hai is into reading all kinds of novels, sometimes he will read a novel the whole night. Su Kai likes playing basketball, he watches all the news about NBA.

While I like playing tennis, though we have different hobby, we share our happy and sorrow, the difference makes our life colorful.

我在一所高中上学，学校离家里很远，所以我要在学校住。我第一天来到学校的时候，班长把我领带一件宿舍里，说我将会有三个室友。

我是第一个来到的，所以我等了下才见到室友。最后，我见到了他们，他们来自不同的地方，我学着如何与他们相处。

李华很喜欢音乐，他会弹吉他，当我们没有课的时候，就听他弹吉他。王海喜欢读各种小说，有时候他会一整夜都看小说。苏凯喜欢打篮球，他看所有关于NBA的新闻。然而我喜欢打网球，虽然我们有不同的兴趣爱好，但是我们分享喜怒和哀乐，差异让我们的生活变得多彩。

[高中英语作文：我的室友

As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table /picture，____ has been on rise/ decrease， significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart， it goes without saying that _____.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand， ____.In the other hand， _____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition， ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

As far as I am concerned， I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

写作是语文的半边江山，我们都很重视它，也在不断地探讨提升其水平的方法。但就具体操作和实际效果来看，可谓各具千秋、难分伯仲。我也曾想过：语文的写作教学能不能总结出一种实际可运用的模式呢？现实告诉我，那是可能的。写作教学，系统性与灵活性相结合，方能有持久的生命力。

曾经走过的困惑之路

一、不知该让学生写些什么，临阵随便定一个题目让学生写。

平时总是觉得没有话题可供学生写，因为选个学生感兴趣又能让学生有话可说的话题真的很难，即使选了一个觉得不错的话题给学生写，学生写出来的东西往往又不合己意。快到写作课了，对写作的内容，没有预想的系统的构思，“临上轿了现包脚”，匆忙找几个话题，上网查查，有没有例文范文，有的话就用，没有的话就放弃另找。因为自己也不知道怎么立意怎么写，所以就借助于网络，网络上怎么说的自己也跟着怎么立意、怎么讲评。

二、不知道作文该怎么指导。

大多数情况下是给学生一个话题接着就让学生写，而且因为按照课标要求，高中生45分钟要写600字，高考对作文的要求则是800字左右，所以学生每次正规作文练笔大约要60分钟。我上作文一般是两节连堂，这样带上课间一共是100分钟。全给学生觉得有些浪费，所以就在一开始的半个小时里进行点其他内容，然后再给学生六七十分钟的时间去写作，要求当堂上交。可想而知，当堂上交的往往只有少数。

这样的写作课，让我很疲惫，让学生很厌倦。我觉得对不起学生，也对不起自己。想一想，老师疲于应付的课，学生又怎么会感兴趣呢？我们又有什么资格去要求学生感兴趣呢？于是一直想改变这种写作的窘态。

实际总结出的方法

一、写作要有系统性。

临时才确定话题的方式，使得学生完全没有规律可循，老师在讲解时也缺少连贯性与层次性，效果可想而知。其实，写作是需要打好基础、逐步提高的。比如我们高一一般会先训练学生写记叙文，那我们不能一开始就让学生写“母亲”、“老师”、“同学”等等，分层次引导，学生水平才能逐步提高。我在实际教学时，在第一阶段会先让学生进行人物外貌的刻画，提前让学生细致全面地观察自己要写的人物，做好准备后再进行课堂限时练笔。这样学生课前有了一定的准备，课堂上也就不会再愁眉苦脸了，而且有了目标性，他们的作文写得也的确不错。接下来，我依次训练语言动作、神态心理等的刻画。学生逐步把握了刻画人物的方法与技巧后，我再统一确定话题，让他们运用学过的所有方法来全方位刻画一个人物。就实际效果来看，比随意给个话题就让学生写要好很多。

二、写作方式多样化，鼓励学生坚持写日记、周记。

新课改后我们语文一周才四节课，我们一般两周（有时还会更久）才上一次两节连堂的大作文课，仅仅依赖于此，作文是很难提高的，我们必须引导学生要坚持随时随地练笔。学生们每天的生活可谓大同小异，可人是一个有情感的主体，每天的所思所想是不同的，而且有些奇思妙想会稍纵即逝，所以我们要引导学生及时地把这些“灵感”写下来。写的多了，思的多了，写作水平必有提高。鉴于学生的时间是有限的，所以我要求他们每周的周记必须写，而日记则可灵活处理。而且我对他们的这些随笔不做统一要求，字数、体裁都不限。可能有些老师会质疑:字数不限，那学生岂不偷懒，能少写就少写吗？对于这个问题，我是这样想的：发自内心、经过精心润色的一句话，也胜似搜肠刮肚、硬生生地凑起来的一篇文章。在这方面，我要明确一点，那就是学生的日记、周记，老师要定期批阅，并给出贴切的评价与修改意见，这是对学生比较有效的认可鼓励措施。

三、巧借新闻大事，引导学生自由讨论。

语文的课堂是需要激情的，作文课尤其如此。虽然我们的训练是系统性的，但偶尔我们也不妨变换方式，吊吊学生的胃口。现实生活中有利于我们语文学习的媒介其实很多，我们不一定非要局限于课本上的固定内容与要求。学生们每天只能在校园内过着比较封闭单一的生活，他们还渴望了解外面的世界。而外界每天都在发生剧烈的变化，其中的一些有价值的新闻大事，其实是学生们非常感兴趣的。那我们就可以利用这一点，在课堂上拿出点时间组织学生自由讨论发言，学生只有有了说的冲动，才会诉诸笔端，写出更好的文章。记得前段时间日本发生事件时，我便搜集了一些资料，在课堂上展示给学生，让他们就这一事件发表自己的看法。一开始，有些学生还有所顾忌，在几个学生的带领下，大家都放开了胆量，畅所欲言。结果本来准备用时十分钟的，到了二十分钟，学生的情绪依然高涨。于是，我临时调整教学计划，趁热打铁，让学生把自己说过的话写成文字，进一步表达自己的观点，体裁不限，字数不限。大多数学生当堂就把文章写完了，而且写作水平都高于平常的一般练笔。在这方面，也必须明确一点，口头的表达必须与笔头的落实相结合，效果才能显现。

未尽的路

写作的提高，是语文教学的一个重点也是一个难点，我总结出的也只能算是不成熟的个例。语文各方面的教学都不能模式化、死板化，我们要根

选修课(Selective Courses) This term our school laid down a new rule about selective court. For the first two weeks, we may sit in as many classes as we like before we decide on which courses to choose. We jumped for joy. The first week I attended classes for four evenings on end and found out that most of the teachers took it serioualy. They were busy in "winning votes" for fear, that later on no one would attend their lectures.

For example, the teacher of Modern Literature of Taiwan said, "Actually the flrst two hours of my lecture were only a prelude. The real contents have not been involved. In the furore, we shall discuss such famous writers as Qiong Yao, Xi Murong, etc, and such famous aetresses as Lin Fengjiao, Lin Qingxia etc. We have lots of vedio-taped films to watch. These are confined only to those who co-major in this court." See, after all, the last sentence is the core of everything he said.

The teacher of Appreciation and Critics of Modern Opera said, "We have a variety of contents and the teaching method is changable. For instance, l may choose one act from a play and let you perform it in class. If you do a good job, you can put on the play at the school theater festival. Also, we shall arrange for you to watch current plays. The school is in charge of the traffic and tickets, Of course, only those who co-major this course are eligible." You see, the most important thing comes at last through twists and turns.

[新年计划初中英语作文三篇

When the young people start their career, they will do everything to get

the chance to help their career to make breakthrough, such as follow the

business rules. They choose to drink as much as possible, which is over the

limitation of their bodies. The coming wealth is based on the loss of health.

The media reported the news about how the young people died of drinking a lot of

alcohol. Their ambition made them to undertake the limitation. As a result, they

died at the young age. There is no doubt that health overweighs wealth. If a

rich people didnt have a sound body, how he can enjoy life. A man who has been

badly ill will take special attention to the health. No matter how much money he

is paid, he will turn down the invitation that hurts his body.

一、文章形式的革命夹叙夹议

尽快脱离初中只重记叙，笼统归结的写法。高中的作文记叙只向最高水平开一条缝，你得复杂记叙，融情思与哲理于一炉，有最动人的细节和最精美的表达，巧妙蕴含深刻的思辨和无穷的回味，这不是一般人能做到的，更不是学不会议论抒情的同学的避难所。所以，比自己多练议论，远比固守初中记叙的窠臼要有前途。高中的记叙必须简约，只提炼能说明自己观点的内核，而尽量舍弃叙述的完整过程与细节。叙，惜墨如金；而起始学写议，应力求具体多点分析阐述。

二、文章立意的升华深入浅出

叙完笼统归结是初中模式作文的又一通病，常常文章的结尾具有宽泛的普适性，而缺乏对文章应有之义作具体针对性的挖掘阐发，常常文章的穿鞋戴帽大到可以套在无数篇文章上，却没什么真正的思考。高中作文倘使还用夹叙夹议，也要对叙的材料反复推敲，找出几例可以统一在一个观点里的材料，就材料的不同侧面来评析议论，最后上升归结出恰当切题、言之有物的中心。

三、文章表达的提高点睛生花

好的文笔追求更高效率、更多意蕴。描述中就渗透情思与评析，这是较高水平的表达。一般的叙议分段，也应注意所叙材料紧贴自己的议论，议论应采取逐层推进，前后分界，避免相互缠绕。但又必须前后连贯，形成一个整体。在文章中一定写好精心组织的关键议论，努力使文章多处呈现运用一定修辞的文采。

[高中话题作文写作基础介绍

Every child needs to receive education and they spend so much time to learn

knowledge, whether they are like or not. The adults always tell their children

that as they are young and full of energy, so they should learn knowledge and

skills, but most kids dont know the necessity of study. The most important

reason to study is to keep pace with the time. We live in the society that we

need to make connections with others. If we dont get the newest information, we

will be kicked out and have no idea what they are talking about, then isolation

happens. Whats more, when we are equipped with skills, we can make our choices

and take charge of our life. In order to live the comfortable life, we must

study hard and fight for our future.

导语：英语作文也是需要日积月累的练习的，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. We re often told that ......But is this really the case ?

我们经常被告知......但事实真是这样吗?

2. People used to ......however , things are quite different today .

过去，人们习惯......但,今天的情况有很大的不同。

3.some people think that ......Others believe that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that ......

一些人认为......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理。但是我们必须认识到......

4.Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution .

认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。

5. It is another new and bitter truth we must learn to face .

这是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。

6. In short , we must work hard to make the world a better place .

简而言之，为了把世界变成更美好的地方，我们必须勤奋工作。

7.Lost time is never found again.

岁月既往，一去不回。

8.Everybody should have a dream.

每个人都该有个梦想.

9.Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。

10.Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母。

11.Lets look on the bright side.

让我们往好处想吧。

生态旅游的内涵更强调的是对自然景观的保护，是可持续发展的旅游。下面是语文迷网为大家带来的关于生态旅游英语作文的句子，希望对你有帮助。

1.we will establish some ecological demonstration zones and ecological agriculture counties. Specifically， high-efficiency ecological agriculture will be developed;抓好生态示范区和生态农业县的建设，发展高效型生态农业;

2.We will expand ecological demonstration zones.加强生态示范区建设。

3.The regional ecological system is fragile.区域生态系统脆弱。

4.Environmental protection in the places embodying cultural， historical and natural relics will be promoted. Integrated planning and management of tourism will give priority to the development of ecological tourism and improvement of forest parks and scenic resorts.加强有关文化遗产和自然遗产的环境保护工作，加强旅游业统一规划管理，开展生态旅游，强化森林公园和风景名胜区建设。

5.A variety of tourism products designed around sightseeing， conferences and contests， vacations， business trips， academic studies， cultural explorations， technology， sports， ecological tours， and traditional customs shall all be improved.完善观光旅游、会奖旅游、度假旅游、商务旅游、修学旅游、文化旅游、科技旅游、体育旅游、生态旅游、民俗旅游等旅游产品。

6.Promoting the construction of ecological agriculture?

加强生态农业建设。

7.economic development and ecological equilibrium经济发展与生态平衡

8.system analysis of ecosystem生态系统的系统分析

9.Sub-plan for Environmental Protection生态环境保护专项规划

Though there are no exact figures for the ecotourism segment， a government-sponsored push for rural tourism —— usually involving staying with farmers —— has become popular in China in recent years.

虽然生态旅游方面还没有确切的统计数据，不过近年来由政府资助推出的乡村旅游项目(通常被称为“农家乐”)却已在中国广受欢迎。

good morning/good afternoon teachers,

My name is...I am from ....primary school and I am ..years old now. I have a lot of interests and hobbies. For example, I like reading and swimming very much.

I think ... middle school is the perfect choice for me and I really wish to study in this school.

I miss you very much, Mum.

I have left you for four days. Maybe it is really a short time. But I feel it is too long. I found that I couldn’t do a lot of things without you. For example, I couldn’t wash my clothes clean. It is too hard for me. I felt it is too troublesome and toilsome, but I’m sixteen years old now. I must be independent. So, Mum, I don’t know what’s what and I’m very stubborn. Sometimes, I disobeied your desire, which made you very angry. Now, I regret it. When I see some white hair in your head, I felt very sad. You are not young nay more. Sometimes you look very haggard. I know that’s because you give too much. You always concerned with my school record, healthy and a lot of other things. My school record always made you very sad. That’s my falt. I’m sorry.

Mum, you are too labbrious. You must have a good rest. I come of my ago now. I will correct my mistakes. You can rest assured!

Mum, I wish you good health and happy. I love you! Mum!(www.kuaidu.com.cn)

说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等；也可以是抽象的，如概念定律等。

说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有一定的套路可循，因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着对象的不同，具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。

说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点：

1.语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，避免夸张华丽的辞藻，要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。

2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多，但不能喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。因此，练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作，找出最合理的一种。

4.由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此，可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来增加文章的色彩。

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

英语写作中积累很重要。下面是语文迷网为大家整理的英语四级作文精彩句式，希望对你有帮助。

一.开头句型

1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... .

4. What calls for special attention is that...

5. There’s no denying the fact that...

6. what’s far more important is that...

7.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

8.It is well-known that…

9.Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

10.According to a recent survey, ...

11. With the rapid development of ..., ...

二.结尾句型

1.From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

2.In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

3.In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 4.With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

5.Taking all these into account, we ...

6. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

7.All things considered, ...

8.It may be safely said that...

9.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

10. It can be concluded from the discussion that...

11. From my point of view, it would be better if...

三.表原因句型

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...

4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...

6. Part of the explanations for it is that ...

7. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

8. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

9. Perhaps the primary factor is that ...

10. But the fundamental cause is that ...

四.表比较句型

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.

6.Like anything else, it has its faults.

7.A and B has several points in common.

8.However, the same is not applicable to B.

9. A and B differ in several ways.

10. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

五.表证明句型

1. No one can deny the fact that ...

2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.

3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...

4. Recent studies indicate that ...

5. There is sufficient evidence to show that ...

6. According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...

六.表结果句型

1. It may give rise to a host of problems.

2. The immediate result it produces is ...

3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...

4. Its consequence can be so great that...

七.表反驳句型

1. It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.

2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.

3. Many of us have been under the illusion that...

4. It makes no sense to argue for ...

5. Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...

6. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...