0

介绍云南的英语作文推荐20篇

导语:在你的成长过程中,对你影响最深的人是谁呢?下面是开学吧小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

浏览

1561

作文

1000

介绍屈原的英语作文

全文共 3329 字

+ 加入清单

屈原是中国历史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人,中国浪漫主义文学的奠基人,屈原也是楚国重要的政治家,最后抱石沉江,后来就有了纪念屈原的节日端午节。

One explanation is that the Duanwu Festival originated from people’s worship of dragons. In ancient China, people believed the dragon was the god in charge of water, which was vitally important to daily life and agricultural production. On the day of Duanwu, people raced dragon boats to entertain the god and offered him Zongzi as a treat. The sole purpose was to please the god to ensure a year of favorable weather.

Some people believe Duanwu comes from activities instigated by ancient sorcerers. These activities were held in early summer when the hot weather was about to bring diseases to people who didn’t have modern devices and medicines to protect themselves. So, ancient sorcerers encouraged people to wear fragrant pouches and hang mugwort and calamus on their doors to drive away the so-called evil spirits that caused diseases.

Scholars may provide many other explanations about the origin of the Duanwu Festival. But if you ask ordinary people about its origin, you’ll get the same answer. They will tell you that the Duanwu Festival honors the great poet, Qu Yuan. They’ll also tell you the story that has been passed down for more than 2,000 years.

Qu Yuan was born in 340 BC, during the Warring States Period. At that time, there were seven states struggling among themselves to unify China. Of the seven states, Qin was the strongest and Chu the largest.

Qu Yuan was a noble of Chu. During his lifetime, the powerful kingdom of Chu fell into a decline.

Early in his life, Qu Yuan won the confidence of the King of Chu, and was his deputy prime minister, helping draft laws and determine foreign-policy. When he saw the danger posed by the ambitious Qin State, he proposed government reforms and an alliance with the neighboring Qi state as a way to ensure Chu’s safety.

But the King of Chu was surrounded by self-seekers, who were jealous of Qu Yuan. They accepted bribes from the Qin’s envoy, dissuaded the King from taking Qu Yuan’s advice and brought about the poet’s estrangement from the King. Qu Yuan was finally sent into exile for 20 years.

During those desperate years, Qu Yuan helplessly watched his beloved country become weaker every day. In the year 278 BC, the capital of Chu was stormed by troops from Qin. In great pain, Qu Yuan wrote “Lisao” or “The Lament”, the greatest of all his poems. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, he drowned himself in the Milo River, because he was hopeless about his country’s future.

Qu Yuan died thousands of years ago, but he is remembered every year for his love of and loyalty to his country and his people.

一种解释是,端午节起源于人民崇拜的龙。在中国古代,人们认为龙是神掌管水,这是极其重要的,日常生活和农业生产。端午节那天,人们跑龙舟来娱乐神和他作为一个治疗提供粽子。唯一的目的是为了取悦上帝,确保一年的有利的天气。

一些人认为端午节来自活动受到古老的魔法。这些活动被举行在今年夏天早些时候,当炎热的天气即将带来疾病的人没有现代设备和药物来保护自己。所以,古代巫师鼓励人们穿香袋、挂艾蒿和菖蒲在门给赶走了所谓的恶灵,导致疾病。

学者可以提供许多其他解释起源的端午节。但是如果你问普通人关于它的起源,你会得到相同的答案。他们会告诉你,这个端午节纪念伟大的诗人,屈原。他们还会告诉你这个故事,已经传承了2000多年。

屈原于公元前340年出生于战国时期。当时,有七个州中挣扎着自己统一中国。的7个州,秦是最强的,楚最大的。

屈原是楚国的一个贵族。在他的一生中,楚国的强大王国陷入了衰退。

在他早年的生活中,屈原赢得了国王的信心,他楚副总理,帮助起草法律、决定外交政策。当他看到带来的危险雄心勃勃的秦国,他建议政府改革和一个联盟与周边的气状态,确保楚的安全。

但是国王的楚周围不如说,他们嫉妒屈原。他们接受贿赂从秦朝的特使,劝国王从吃屈原的建议,使诗人的疏远国王。屈原是最后流放了20年。

在这多年的绝望,无助地看着他心爱的屈原国家每天变得更弱。在公元前278年,楚国都城突袭部队由秦。在巨大的痛苦中,屈原写下了“《”或“抱怨”,最大的他所有的诗歌。在第五天农历的五月初五开始,他埋头米洛河,因为他对他的国家的未来无望。

屈原死于数万年前,但是他是记得每年他的爱和忠诚于他的国家和他的人民。

展开阅读全文

更多相似作文

篇1:介绍我的妈妈英语作文

全文共 1501 字

+ 加入清单

Mothers love, like a long river, she quiet, occasionally with a slightly ripples; Her clear, can see the activity on pebbles in the river; She gently, such as the spring breeze slowly to send me. Mothers love for me, I also countless. However, in my impression deepest is the following a few things:

It was a summer night, suddenly the power went out, cant blow fanner. Hot cant sleep, my mother took their fan back and give me a breeze, let me fall asleep. Not only has a comfortable and cool, cool wind also mixed with mom to my thick love, bring me into the sweet dreams.

Another time, I in his home village and play with my cousin. I and my cousin play together I run, but with a small stones I tripped and fell. After I get up, I found more lap a wound, the wound is big and red, and blood flow out, it hurt so much I tears dc. Mother took me to the next to the small clinic simple after disinfection, ready to take me back home, but she was afraid to touch my wound, it just took me home.

Every night when I was learning, every once in a while, mother will always ask me: "daughter, thirst not thirsty, drink some water." And then holding a large glass of water. Water is always warm, let the house is full of warm meaning. Her mother know that I am afraid of hot, so the water right every time. She drink a first, say: "hot", just pass me water to drink.

The father loves the mountain, a mothers love is like the sea. Drop a mothers love can make a mothers love of the great river. Mom, I love you!

展开阅读全文

篇2:写自我介绍的英语

全文共 637 字

+ 加入清单

My name is . I am from . There are people in my family. My father works in a computer company. He is a computer engineer. My mother works in a international trade company. She is also a busy woman. I have a older sister and a younger brother. My sister is a junior in National Tai University. She majors in English. My brother is an elementary school student. He is 8 years old.

Because of my father, I love surfing the Internet very much. I play the on-line game for about 2 hours every day. I wish I could be a computer program designer in the future. And that is why I am applying for the electronics program in your school.

[写自我介绍英语作文

展开阅读全文

篇3:介绍鸽子的英语作文

全文共 703 字

+ 加入清单

导语:白鸽,有一身洁白无瑕油亮的羽毛。它们在空中飞翔,就像一个个白衣天使在翩翩起舞。 下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

I have a pet. It is a pigeon. It has got white and gray feathers a red mouth and two small eyes. It’s cute.

I found it near a park. Its leg was injured and couldn’t fly. I took it home and cured it. Every morning I give it some water and small pieces of bread. It gets stronger and stronger.

Now the pigeon has become my best friend. When I come home from school it always flies to me and rests on my shoulders it likes to talk to me. It makes my spare time colorful.

【参考译文】

我有一只宠物。它是一只鸽子。它有白色和灰色羽毛,一个红色的嘴和两个小眼睛,很可爱。

我在公园附近发现它的。它的腿受伤了不能飞。我把它带回家治愈它。每天早上,我给它一些水和小块面包。它变得越来越强壮。

现在鸽子成了我最好的朋友。当我从学校回家的时候,它总是飞到我的肩上,它喜欢和我说话。它使我的业余时间丰富多彩。

展开阅读全文

篇4:介绍朋友的作文英语

全文共 560 字

+ 加入清单

I am so glad that I have a chance to introduce my friend Tony and myself.

Tony, a 13- year- old boy, who comes from Canada, studies in Red Star Middle School. The reason why we become friends is that we have a lot in common. As for our appearance, we all have black hair and black eyes. When it comes to our size, he is taller than I. What’s more, he is helpful and independent, while I am more outgoing and hopeful. In addition, I want to thank him for helping with my history.In a word, I’m so happy that I have a friend like Tony. We will be friends forever!

展开阅读全文

篇5:小学生一分钟英语自我介绍

全文共 328 字

+ 加入清单

Hello everyone.My name is Happier1.I come from Guangxi.

Im very happy to come here to study with you.

This class feels just like a big family to me.

Im interested in sport,pop music.I also enjoy playing games on net.I would love to play with you sometime.

I hope I can become your friend soon and make our dreams come true together.

展开阅读全文

篇6:介绍动物的英语

全文共 536 字

+ 加入清单

Everybody likes a small animal! Such as dogs, cats, turtles and so on. My home have a pet dog. He is a little yellow, his whole body is yellow. He has a pair of watery big eyes. Yellow is a little male dog. When he grow up, can help us tube of the house.

One day, the little yellow swept away.com by the bad guys to catch, I was so sad. I want to, I later cant play with you, a little yellow. A few days later, huang came back again, I dont mention how happy heart.

Huang, you are my good friend, bring me a lot of fun. I really like you.

展开阅读全文

篇7:介绍父亲的英语作文

全文共 621 字

+ 加入清单

Fathers day, what a memorable day! Since I came into the world, my father took me by the hand, with the great and ordinary father, took me through more than ten years, this period have happiness, happy, has a bitter, tired. I wont forget, when I face the successful father is how to praise me and told me "someone outside the person, behind." Dont forget, when I was in the face of setbacks, father is how to encourage me, and comforted me. More than thousands of day and night, I smile to his delight, my troubles, make him worried, Im in a hurry to make him try so hard, I became his things, he always worried about me.

展开阅读全文

篇8:介绍家乡安顺英语作文

全文共 1811 字

+ 加入清单

If Anshun is a ship, then Im on board the diligent crew. If Anshun is a vast sea, then I am a small fish in the sea. If Anshun is a kingdom, then I am the loyal people of this kingdom. If... Yes, Anshun is my home. I cant have it without it.

Of course, some people hate Anshun, she felt dirty and messy, almost can be used to describe the The atmosphere was foul. A few years ago was clear moat, now become the paradise of flies and mosquitoes. People are so narrow - minded that they start to fight like the machine gun that cant stop. Its a habit to spit and throw rubbish everywhere...

But if you are a citizen of Anshun, then, will you hate it? Destroy it? Or is it going to build it? Protect it? Not to say, you will choose the latter, but it is easy to say, it is difficult to do it, after all, people have formed a habit. Yes, Anshun is not Dalian clean, less than Japans grave, but it has the worlds second largest waterfall - Huangguoshu Waterfalls falls, it is beautiful and magical underwater, quiet and huge waterfalls in Zhijin cave, the scenery is more beautiful...... It also has the colorful spring, the luxuriant summer, the beautiful autumn and the white and silent winter. Here also has laughter and laughter, and also has the sadness and loneliness... Anshun, it has the beauty of nature, the magic of nature, the endless charm of nature! I know that people love is the beauty of simplicity, in this city far away from the denitration place, we can relax my heart, more simple. However, people do not know how to cherish the natural beauty, the simple beauty, let us start from now, learn to cherish it!

Spring girl came to us. Although the greening of Anshun is still not very GOOD, there are always some strong grass that quietly sneak out of the little head and show the green of life to us.

展开阅读全文

篇9:求职英语自我介绍例

全文共 3467 字

+ 加入清单

I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China. With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D. graduate program.

Education background

In 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science & Technology (NUST) -- widely considered one of the China’s best engineering schools. During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. I was granted First Class Prize every semester, and my overall GPA(89.5/100) ranked No.1 among 113 students. In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test. I selected the Shanghai Jiao Tong University to continue my study for its best reputation on Combinatorial Optimization and Network Scheduling where my research interest lies.

At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.

Research experience and academic activity

When a sophomore, I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research. In 1997, I participated in simulation tool development for the scheduling system in Prof. Wang’s lab. With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab, I designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system. It is now widely used by different research groups in NUST. In 1998, I assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant. This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.

In 1999, I joined the distinguished Professor Yu-Geng Xis research group aiming at Network flow problem solving and Heuristic algorithm research. Soon I was engaged in the FuDan Gene Database Design. My duty was to pick up the useful information among different kinds of gene matching format. Through the comparison and analysis for many heuristic algorithms, I introduced an improved evolutionary algorithm -- Multi-population Genetic Algorithm. By dividing a whole population into several sub-populations, this improved algorithm can effectively prevent GA from local convergence and promote various evolutionary orientations. It proved more efficiently than SGA in experiments, too. In the second semester, I joined the workshop-scheduling research in Shanghai Heavy Duty Tyre plant. The scheduling was designed for the rubber-making process that covered not only discrete but also continuous circumstances. To make a balance point between optimization quality and time cost, I proposed a Dynamic Layered Scheduling method based on hybrid Petri Nets. The practical application showed that the average makespan was shortened by a large scale. I also publicized two papers in core journals with this idea. Recently, I am doing research in the Composite Predict of the Electrical Power system assisted with the technology of Data Mining for Bao Steel. I try to combine the Decision Tree with Receding Optimization to provide a new solution for the Composite Predictive Problem. This project is now under construction.

[求职英语自我介绍

展开阅读全文

篇10:介绍自己的英语词

全文共 404 字

+ 加入清单

Hi! My name is lisa.I am twelve years old.

I am a good student.

And I am a girl .

I am not handsome but I am very lovely .I am study in ...

shool.

The shool is very good and beautiful.I like it very much.

I have big eyes and my ears are big too.

But my nose and mouse are small.so I look like lovely.

My favorite sport is play basketball and table tennis I think health is very importante.And I hope you healthy.

展开阅读全文

篇11:高考英语作文:介绍广场舞

全文共 1379 字

+ 加入清单

导语:广场舞是舞蹈艺术中最庞大的系统,因多在广场聚集而得名,融自娱性与表演性为一体,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

假定你是李华。近日有网友在推特贴出了中国大妈带领美国大妈在新泽西大跳广场舞的照片,你的美国朋友David看过后,很想了解中国流行的广场舞(square dance)的相关情况。请你用英语给他写封回信,要点包括:

1)广场舞跳的时间、地点、参与人员等;

2)广场舞流行的原因;

3)广场舞的缺点。

注意:

1)词数100左右;

2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3)开头语和结束语已为你写好。

范文:

Dear David,

I am writing to tell you something about the square dance in China. In the morning or after dinner, people, especially elderly women, will gather in squares to dance to popular music. More and more young people are also joining in now.

There are many reasons behind its popularity. First of all,China has made great progress in its social and economical development in the past decades, and people have more time and energy to enjoy themselves. Besides,doing the square dance is a good way for people to keep fit.

However, just as each coin has two sides,this kind of dance has also leads to some problems. For example, dancers play loud music and occupy lots of public places, which annoy many other people.Maybe square dancers need to make some changes.

Yours,

LiHua

【参考译文】

亲爱的戴维,

我写信是要告诉你关于在中国广场舞的东西。在早上或晚饭后,人们,特别是老年妇女,将聚集在广场跳舞流行音乐。现在越来越多的年轻人也加入进来。

它的流行背后有许多原因。首先,中国在过去几十年的社会和经济发展取得了巨大进步,人们有更多的时间和精力去享受自己。此外,做广场舞是人们保持健康的好方法。

然而,正如每个硬币都有两面一样,这种舞蹈也导致了一些问题。例如,舞者大声地演奏音乐,占据了许多公共场所,这让许多人感到不安。

你的好朋友,

李华

1.高考英语作文:介绍广场舞

2.介绍学校的高考英语满分作文

3.介绍光盘行动的英语作文

4.介绍红楼梦的英语作文

5.介绍英国文化的英语作文2篇

6.介绍丝绸之路的英语作文

7.介绍英国的高考英语作文

8.介绍英国文化的英语作文

展开阅读全文

篇12:有关自我介绍小学英语作文

全文共 701 字

+ 加入清单

Chapter one:self-introduction

Tips:

名字和年龄:My name is peter, I am six years old.

兴趣:My hobby is playing basketball.

个性:I am a talkative person.

My name is peter. I am six years old. I am from Taiwan. Many people ask me about my Chinese name because they think the meaning of it is very interesting. But I hope my friends can remember my English name rather than my Chinese one. My hobby is playing basketball. I usually play it with my friends after school, and I believe playing basketball will bring me good health. I am a talkative person. It is very difficult for me to keep quiet. Now I am studying in English, so I hope everyone can speak English to me. Otherwise I will feel very bad if I keep quiet.

展开阅读全文

篇13:高中英语作文介绍春节

全文共 509 字

+ 加入清单

As the new bell tolled, the Chinese people exclaimed with excitement, "the New Year is here! New Year! Ah! What a wonderful New Year! I am excited to run back and forth in my home, unable to restrain my joyful mood, the Spring Festival composition 600 words. When I ran to the balcony, all of a sudden, the fireworks fly on the sky, in a flash, Fried opened, and some like countless meteor, some like colorful flowers, some like golden coat, and like the golden sun, the earth was like the day. How beautiful!

展开阅读全文

篇14:介绍厦门鼓浪屿英语作文

全文共 944 字

+ 加入清单

Gulangyu is an island separated from Xiamen city proper. Its like a garden on the water. The shade of the trees covers nearly the whole island. Cars, buses, bikes are not allowed to drive there. Everyone should walk. This makes the place very quiet so that music played by the violin or the piano can be heard here and there. It is the famous "Home of Music".

The Sunshine Rock is the highest place on the island, so it has become the symbol of Gulangyu. Standing at the top of the Sunshine Rock, one can see the landscape of the whole Xiamen ands other small islands. The sky and the sea meet on the horizon. Its said that people can see clearly the Jinmen Island through telescope when the sun is shining. There are gentle waves on the sea and lots of people are swimming.At the foot of the Sunshine Rock is Shuzhang Garden with its picturesque scenery. The Forty-four Bridge spans over the water like a white dragon. What a beautiful picture!

展开阅读全文

篇15:关于自我介绍的英语作文

全文共 601 字

+ 加入清单

Last Monday, we had a monitor election. At the beginning the two candidates, LiuDong and Wang Hong gave us a speech introducing themselves and telling us their plans in the future. Then we had a vote. We wrote down the name of the better one in our mind and put the paper in a box. Then the exciting time came that our teacher counted the number and wrote it on the blackboard. The result was that 28 students who voted Wang Hong, 13 more than the number of students who voted LiuDong, which meaned WangHong was elected as our monitor. Wang is really pretty good. I believe she will be a good monitor.

展开阅读全文

篇16:大学英语社团自我介绍

全文共 662 字

+ 加入清单

Good morning ladies and gentlemen!I am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .First of all , my chinese name is XX and my english name is XX .I am XX years old. I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of English.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about XX . Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.It is my long cherished dream to be a member of English . I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.

That’s all. Thank you for giving me this chance.

展开阅读全文

篇17:介绍我家的小狗英语

全文共 1215 字

+ 加入清单

My family has two soil dogs, one called Arnold, the other called black, they have their own characteristics, Arno is a veteran of the old dog, once, a wild dog ran to my house, The bright eyes looked at the wild dogs, the gallows of the wild dogs even fly like a fleeing, lively black but just the opposite, he is a fake tiger, timid dog, but they have a common Point, is very loyal, always in the owner needs it, timely help.

I remember not long ago put three days with fake, my mother took me back to the grandmother, the little uncle had to take me and Arnold, black to the mountains to clean up the weeds and garbage, but my mother worried no experience I lost in the mountains, , So only to Arnold, little black with the little uncle to go, I am so sad! Because I and Arnold love hand in hand, after an hour, I found Arnolds foot hurt, and I anxiously asked why Arnold I will know that Arnold is to protect the little uncle, rushed to fight with the wild animals and injured, it is loyal to the spirit of the guardian of my heart sadness.

Usually Arnold to a subtle grass as weak, but in danger, but like a heroic warrior to protect me and my family, it is not only a good dog, is the patron saint of our family.

展开阅读全文

篇18:介绍笔友的英语作文

全文共 504 字

+ 加入清单

I have a penfriend. His name is Lee. He is a eleven years old American boy. We haven’t seen each other, but we have exchanged our photoes. He is handsome. From his letters ,I know that he is good at maths and bad at PE. He likes music. He often sing at home before his family. He lives a happy life. I like him. Trough him, I can learn more information about the foreign country.

我有一个笔友。他的名字是李。他是一个十一岁的美国男孩。我们还没有见过对方,但我们交换了我们的照片。他很英俊的。从他的信中,我知道他数学学得很好但是不擅长体育。他喜欢音乐。他经常在家人面前唱歌。他过得很幸福我喜欢他。通过他,我可以了解到更多外国的信息。

展开阅读全文

篇19:有关雾霾的介绍英语作文

全文共 1490 字

+ 加入清单

导语:随着霾天气的增加,我们慢慢的开始关注环境保护话题了,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

Haze is air pollution in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure the clarity of the sky and interacts with the natural environment.

This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources. Natural sources can include windblown dust, and soot from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning, and manufacturing operations. The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations. Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution.

The components that make up haze may have negative effect on peoples health especially that of the children and the elderly. Also not excluded are those who have certain diseases such as asthma, allergy, and pneumonia and lung disease. Workers working in the open air have a high risk in their health.

One of effective solutions to help eliminate haze is to make some chemistry changes during the manufacturing process,so it could reduce harmful emissions which are produced by manufacturing operations.

【参考译文】

霾是空气污染,它与灰尘、烟雾和其他干粒子混合在一起,使天空的清晰度模糊,与自然环境相互作用。

这种空气污染物来自各种自然和人为的来源。自然源包括风吹灰尘,煤烟,野火。人造资源可以包括汽车,工业燃料燃烧和制造业务。造成雾霾的主要原因之一是制造业经营。许多工厂过度测量产生的烟雾超过标准,烟雾严重影响空气成为空气污染。

构成雾霾的成分可能对人们的健康产生负面影响,尤其是儿童和老年人。也不排除那些有某些疾病,如哮喘,过敏,肺炎和肺部疾病。在户外工作的工人在健康方面有很高的风险。

帮助消除雾霾的有效方法之一是在制造过程中进行一些化学变化,从而减少制造过程中产生的有害排放物。

展开阅读全文

篇20:介绍打游戏英语作文

全文共 1316 字

+ 加入清单

Nowadays playing computer games is a very common hobbies, especially among young people and teenagers. However there are many arguements on whether computer games are advantageous to people or not.

Although many people doubt the advantages of computer games, if used wisely computer games can actually be used in educational purposes, for example typing games to allow students to learn typing English or Chinese. Also another advantage of computer game is that the games may be played together among friends or family members, which may improve the relationship between family members and allow parents to know more about their children on their hobbies and interests.

However computer games if misused can also have very bad effects on human beings. Firstly spending long time in front of the computer screen will bring to various health problems, such as eye sore, back pain and headache. Also if people spend too much time on computer games rather than the work they should do, for example school work for students and projects and presentations for employees, it may have bad effects on their real life and social life status.

It is true for everything that it is beneficial if used wisely, therefore although computer games are widely said to be bad for people, it can still be used as a good tool if used wisely.

展开阅读全文