英语正反对比论证作文结构及常用词句【精选20篇】

议论文论证，采取由浅入深，层层深入，步步推进的形式，即是纵式层进结构的体现，又称推进式结构。它的特点是各层的前后顺序有严格要求，不能随意变更。一般议论文采取先提出问题，再分析问题，然后解决问题的思路，即体现了层进式结构的特点。

层进式的基本结构分为两类：文章各层次之间是层层深入，步步推进的，前后顺序有严格要求，不能随意改动。

基本结构有以下两种：

一、围绕着“是什么——为什么——怎么样”或者“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思维路线结构文章，展开议论分析。这种结构纵向开拓，层层深入，步步推进，深化议论。“

是什么”可理解为提出问题，它指明问题的实质，或申述论述的范围，或直接提出中心论点等;也可以是对论述对象作必要的解释、说明等。从“为什么”与“怎么样”的角度论述，是文章的主体部分，这两部分可以并重，也可以有所侧重，不一定平均用力。侧重点的选择，要考虑需要我们着重讲清的是观点成立的理由，还是根据某个道理应该怎么做。

二、采用由此及彼，由近及远，由浅入深，由易到难，由特殊到一般(即归纳推理)，或由一般到特殊(即演绎推理)的逻辑思路展开论证，体现纵式层进结构。

【优秀例文】当你不是世界的中心

天地合而万物生。大自然厚德载物，却从不以造物主自居。雨水润物无声，海水容纳百川，水以天下之至柔驰骋天下之至坚，却从不居功。清风徐来，带来阵阵花香，你甚至感觉不到空气的存在。这些自然万物无处不在，却温柔敦厚，不事张扬。而在自然中生长的我们，又有什么理由骄傲呢?因此，人要学会将自己“边缘化”，即不以自我为中心。(从自然万象的描述中引出本文论点。)

只有当你不把自己当作世界的中心的时候，你才能正确认识自己。自谓“当局者迷，旁观者清”，只有跳出自我，才能认识自我。“天朝上国，物产丰盈，本不必与外夷互通有无”，正是清朝几进年来以“天朝上国”自居，闭关锁国，没有认识到自身各种弊病，从而日益落后于世界。后人再看历史，无不扼腕吧息，因为此时的我们可以清楚地看到东西方差距，没有妄自尊大。故跳出自我并审视自我，才能认识自我，并完善自我。(阐述“为什么”： “当局者迷，旁观者清”，只有跳出自我，才能认识自我。)

不以自我为中心是一种谦卑的姿态，是一种优雅的风度。在三月份的日本九级特大地震中，日本民众充分展示出了这种姿态和风度。几千遇灾民众正等待救援物资，可以想象当时他们心中的恐惧，领取物资时也没有一个人插队，最后整个场地没有任何垃圾，他们没有一个人以自我为中心，每个人的生命、需求都是平等的。而在中国，为了自己的利益，不顾他人集体的例子比比皆是。无论个人还是民族，都需要学会尊重他人，不以自我为中心，保持自身的风度与姿态。(论述“是什么”：是一种谦卑的姿态，是一种优雅的风度。)

不以自我为中心，最重要的一点就是要学会以不同的眼光看待世界，而不单从自身出发。或许你以为自己是万众瞩目的大明星，是舞台的焦点，可是在一个农民眼里，你只是个行为怪异的年轻人，远不及他的庄稼重要。或许你正逼着自己的孩子去上各种各样的补习班，殊不知在他们眼里，蓝天、白云、草地、游戏才能构成最美的童年。所以在别人眼中你不一定耀眼，你要用他人的眼光看到自己的卑微。在孩子眼中你奉为金科玉律的东西可能一定耀眼，你要用他人的眼光看到自己的卑微。在孩子眼中你奉为金科玉律的东西可能一文不值，所以你要以孩子的眼光去找回自己的童真和快乐。以不同的眼光看世界，你必将看到更绚丽的色彩。(阐明“怎么样”：要学会以不同的眼光看待世界，而不单从自身出发。)

当你不再是世界的中心，你将明白众生平等，从此不再轻视一只蝴蝶、一片落叶，你将以谦卑的姿态、优雅的风度去生活，你将读懂无言的自然。(结束全文，展望前景。)

导语：运用一些谚语可以给我们的英语作文加分哦，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

Like tree, like fruit.

有其因必有其果。

Manners make the man.

礼貌造就人。

Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.

抓住大好时机，切莫等闲错过。

Never too old (or late) to learn.

学到老，学不了。

No great loss without some small gain.

塞翁失马，安知非福。

No one can call back yesterday.

往日不复返。

No sooner said than done.

言而必行。

No sweet without some sweat.

不劳则无获。

Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Nothing is impossible to willing mind (or heart).

有志者事竟成。

Nothing is impossible (or difficult) to the man who will try.

天下无难事，只怕不努力。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend is a second self.

朋友是另一个我。

A friend is best found in adversity.

患难见真友。

All time is no time when it is past.

光阴一去不复返。

Education has for its object the formation of character.

教育的目的在於培养品德。

An idle youth, a needy age.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Business before pleasure.

事业在先，享乐在後。

Diligence is near success.

勤奋近乎成功。

Diligence is the mother of good luck.

刻苦是成功之母。

Diligence is the mother of success.

勤奋是成功之母。

Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜於雄辩。

Adversity leads to prosperity.

逆境迎向昌盛。

Every brave man is a man of his word.

勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。

Every man is the master of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

Faith will move mountains.

精诚所至，金石为开。

Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.

友谊是两人一条心。

Grasp all, lose all.

贪多必失。

He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.

没有知识，才是贫穷。

Health is above wealth.

健康胜於财富。

Health is better than wealth.

健康胜於财富。

He who does not advance falls backward.

不进则退。

Honesty is the best policy.

诚实是上策。

Hope is life and life is hope.

希望才有人生，人生要有希望。

Idle young, needy old.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

If you dont aim high you will never hit high.

不立大志，难攀高峰。

I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.

成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy. www.yyzw.com

只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻;尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。

A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.

远亲不如近邻。

Improve your time and your time will improve you.

珍惜时间，时间才会珍惜你。

In doing we learn.

行而知。

Industrry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.

勤勉是幸福的右手，节俭是幸福的左手。

In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.

在人生的搏斗中，只有日日前进不甘失败的人，才能获胜。

It is dogged (that) does it.

天下无难事，只怕有心人。

Judge not according to the appearance.

不要以貌取人。

Labour is often the father of pleasure.

勤劳常为快乐之源。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

1) Recently the problem of…has aroused people’s concern. 最近，…问题已引起人们的关注。

2) Recently the problem of…has been brought to public attention.最近，„问题已引起公众的广泛注意。

3) Recently，the problem of…has been brought into focus. 最近，„问题已成为关注的焦点。

4) Man is now facing a big problem--(pollution)，which is becoming more and more serious. 人们现在正面临一个很大的问题——污染，而且正日益严重。

5) Have you ever thought of„? 你是否曾想过„?

6) There will surely be no agreement among people as to the issue whether„ 就„问题，人们肯定不会有一致的看法。

7) (Internet) has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些严重的问题。

8) One of the serious problems facing us at present is„目前，我们面临的严重问题之一是„

9) There has been a heated argument about whether„就是否„而言，人们讨论热烈。

10) Perhaps we need to reconsider the traditional ways of doing it，或许，我们需要重新考虑传统的做事方法，

11) It is generally agreed that„is in deep trouble.人们普遍认为„已陷入麻烦。

12) It is only during the last few years that man has become generally aware of the importance of

(sustainable development).仅仅是在过去的几年中，人们才普遍意识到可持续发展的重要性。

13) Everyone is aware of the horrible fact: 每个人都会注意到这样一个可怕的事实：

14) It’s difficult to imagine now how we did something without…现在很难设想我们是如何做某事而没有„

15) Along with something goes with something.Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined. 伴随„是„。不可避免的是，这二者是密切地交织在一起的。

16) Over the past decade，many people have been troubled with the serious problem of„在过去的几十年当中，许多人都被这一严重的问题所困扰。

17) One of the pressing problems confronting us today is„今天我们正面临着许多棘手的问题，其中之一就是„

18) One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is„现在许多人讨论的热门话题之一是„

19) Now people become increasingly aware of the necessity of„现在人们日益意识到„的必要性。

20) No issue is more important now than the one that…(which) is commonly held by most people.大多数人普遍认为„，而现在没有什么比这更重要的问题了。

21) In spite of great progress made in the field of„，but„remain basically unchanged.虽然在„领域已取得了巨大的进步，但„仍然基本未变。

22) There will often spring up a heated discussion as to„就„而言，常常会引发热烈的讨论。

23) (Independence)has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young，and heated debates are right on their way.独立在人们中间，尤其是在年轻人中间，是个热门话题，热烈的讨论即将来临。

24) Nowadays，(overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.如今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题了

1. In general, I don’t agree with

2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。

3. The chief reason why… is that…

4.There is no true that…

5. It is not true that…

6. It can be easily denied than…

7. We have no reason to believe that…

8. What is more serious is that…

9. But it is pity that…

10. Besides, we should not neglect that…

11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…

12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…

13. Perhaps I was question why…

14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…

15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but

16. What seems to be the trouble is…

17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…

18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…

19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…

20. What these people fail to consider is that…

21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …

22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。

23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。

24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration。

一、…the + -est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen( known/heard/had/read, etc)

…the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：helen is the most beautiful girl that i have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

mr. chang is the kindest teacher that i have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

*二、nothing is + -er than to + v ;nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + v

例句：nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

*三、…cannot emphasize the importance of …too much. (再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)例句：we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

*四、there is no denying that + s + v ...(不可否认的……) 例句：there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

*五、it is universally acknowledged that + 句子…… (全世界都知道……)例句：it is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

*六、there is no doubt that + 句子……(毫无疑问的……)

例句：there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、an advantage of …is that + 句子 (……的优点是……)

例句：an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、the reason why + 句子…… is that + 句子 (……的原因是……)

例句：the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

*九、so + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子…… (如此……以致于……) 例句：so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、adj + as + subject(主词)+ be, s + v~ (虽然……)

例句：rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. (by no means = in no way = on no account =at no time = in no case = in no sense = under no circumstances = not ...in the least 一点也不)

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、the + -er + s + v, …the + -er + s + v…

the + more + adj + s + v, …the + more + adj + s + v …(愈……愈……)例句：the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力，你愈进步。

the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、by +ving, …can…(借着...，..能够..) 例句：by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

*十三、…enable + object(受词)+ to + v (……使……能够……) 例句：listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

*十四、on no account can we + v…(我们绝对不能……) 例句：on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、it is time + s + 过去式 (该是……的时候了) 例句：it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、those who…(……的人……) 例句：those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

*十七、there is no one but…(没有人不……) 例句：there is no one but longs to go to college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

*十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + v (不得不……) 例句：since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

*十九、it is conceivable that + 句子(可想而知的) it is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)

it is apparent that + 句子 (显然的) 例句： it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、that is the reason why…(那就是……的原因) 例句：summer is sultry. that is the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

导语：英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语写作50条常用短语句子，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard

3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention

8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensivequality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I

46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology

1. Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。

2. Wisdom is better than gold or silver.

知识胜过金银。

3. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.

胸中有知识，胜于手中有钱。

4. Learn wisdom by the follies of others.

从旁人的愚行中学到聪明。

5. It is good to learn at another man’s cost.

前车可鉴。

6. Wisdom is to the mind what health is to the body.

知识之于精神，一如健康之于肉体。

7. Experience is the best teacher.

经验是最好的教师。

8. Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.

经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。

9. Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧。

10. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other.

经验学校学费高，愚人旁处学不到。

11. Experience without learning is better than learning without experience.

有经验而无学问，胜于有学问而无经验。

12. Seeing is believing.

百闻不如一见。

13. Wisdom is a good purchase though we pay dear for it.

为了求知识，代价虽高也值得。

14. Doubt is the key of knowledge.

怀疑是知识之钥。

15. If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.

若要求知识，须从勤苦得。

16. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

浅学误人。

17. A handful of common sense is worth a bushel of learning.

少量的常识，当得大量的学问。

18. Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps.

知识只能循序渐进，不能跃进。

如果一百份试卷里都是清一色的“I think”简单句,那阅卷人读起来将会多么的乏味,乏味至极的阅卷人又如何能给得出高分?所以,我们在写句子的时候,要尽可能的变换句式和结构,让文章富于变化,错落有致。具体地说:中考作文中,我们可以尝试使用更多的复合句,主要是宾语从句、状语从句以及尝试变化语态。例如,2008年中考北京卷作文题,以汶川地震为背景描写一个叫做林浩的小英雄的故事以及自身感受。其中有一句细节描写叫做“他救出了自己的同学并步行七小时到达安全地点。”例文给出的句子是“he saved two of his classmates. Then he walked for seven hoursto safety。” 这句话我们可以改写成为一个从句:saving two of his classmates, Lin Haowalked for seven hours to safety。

如果再加上语态的变换,还可以改写成:Being saved from the earthquake, two of LinHao’s classmates walked for seven hours to safety with Lin Hao。这样的变化在作文中能够主动使用的话,一定会增加阅卷人的青睐,从而给你的文章增加获胜的筹码。

议论文的结构初中阶段常见的有三种：

①“总——分——总”式，即先提出论点，然后从几个方面阐述，最后归纳总结。

②“总——分”式，即先提出论点，然后从几个方面论证。

③“分——总”式，即对所要论述的问题先分几个方面剖析，然后综合归纳出结论。

注意：

一、分析论证思路或论证结构时，注意文章中起承上启下作用的过渡段、过渡句、过渡词等关键性的文字。

②抓语言标志。如有“还有”“另外”这些词语为并列式；如有“不但”“而且”“首先”“其次”等词语为层进式。

导语：无论是什么时候环境保护问题都是中考热门话题，尤其在今年这种大范围的环境污染下，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

典型句子：

1. It s our duty to save wate

2. As we know , water is very important to man,

3. we can t live without water.

4. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less.

5. But some people don t care about it .

6. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.Something must be done to stop the pollution.

7. Its our duty to protect our environment。

8. It is very important to take care of our environment

9. We should not throw litter onto the ground

10. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees

11. We should plant more flowers and trees。

12. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin

13. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.

14.Trees are very helpful and important for us.

15.We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.It s everyone s duty to love and protect the environment. ​ ​

【参考译文】

1.它是我们的责任来节约水

2.正如我们所知，水是非常重要的人，

3.没有水我们不能生存。

4.适合饮用的水的量越来越少。

5.但有些人不在乎。

6.许多河流和湖泊受到严重污染，必须采取措施制止污染。

7.保护环境是我们的职责。

8.照顾我们的环境是非常重要的

9.我们不应该扔垃圾到地上

10.我们不应该在公共场所吐痰/砍伐树木

11.我们应该种更多的花草树木。

12.我们必须捡起一些垃圾扔进垃圾箱

13.如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界将变得更加美丽。

14.树对我们非常有益和重要。

15.我们应该种植越来越多的树为了将来生活得更好更健康每个人都有责任保护和保护环境。

导语：Where there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

It’s never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢。

Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.

心之所愿，无所不成。

One today is worth two tomorrows.一个今天胜似两个明天。

Poverty is stranger to industry. 勤劳之人不受穷。

Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.

天才不过是勤奋而已。

A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.

一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.四个简短的词汇概括了成功秘诀：多一点点!

It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

From small beginning come great things.伟大始于渺小。

A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

New wine in old bottles.旧瓶装新酒。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

Good health is over wealth. 健康是最大的财富。

A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。

Better late than never.迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。

Complacency is the enemy of study.

学习的敌人是自己的满足。

Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。

Books and friends should be few but good.

读书如交友，应求少而精。

All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。

A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。

By reading we enrich the mind， by conversation we

polish it.

读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。

Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

A good book is the best of friends， the same today and forever.

一本好书，相伴一生。

A young idler，an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。

A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

Many hands make light work. 人多力量大。

All things are difficult before they are easy.

凡事总是由难而易。

As a man sows， so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

Misfortunes never come alone/single.祸不单行。

A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。

No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

No pains， no gains. 没有付出就没有收获。

All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。

A sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身体。

Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

Early to bed andearly to rise makes a man healthy，

wealthy and wise.

早睡早起身体好。

East or west，home is best.东好西好，还是家里最好。

Diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。

Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。

Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。

Eat to live，but not live to eat.

人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

Life is not all roses. 人生并不是康庄大道。

Every little helps a mickle. 聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。

Fortune favors those who use their judgement. 机遇偏爱善断之人。

Every man has his faults.金无足赤，人无完人。

A candle lights others and consumes itself.蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。

Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

Good advice is beyond all price.忠告是无价宝。

He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟，不进则退。Knowledge makes humble， ignorance makes proud.

博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。

Like father，like son.有其父必有其子。

Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。

Gold will not buy anything. 黄金并非万能。

Happiness takes no account of time. 欢乐不觉时光过。

Adversity leads to prosperity.穷则思变。

A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。

He is wise that is honest.诚实者最明智。

He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。

Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

Make hay while the sun shines.良机勿失。

Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。

No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰。

Man proposes，God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。

No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。

Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。

The greatest talkers are always least doers.

语言的巨人总是行动的矮子。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。

Wise men love truth，whereas fools shun it.智者热爱真理，愚者回避真理

Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情。

Money isn’t everything.钱不是万能的。

Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

Sharpening your axe will not delay your jobof cutting

wood.磨刀不误砍柴功。

Will is power. 意志就是力量。

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明的动力。

Truth never fears investigation.事实从来不怕调查。

Virtue is fairer far than beauty.美德远远胜过美貌。

Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。

Where there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

Never fish in trouble water.不要混水摸鱼。

Reading makes a full man.读书使人完善。

Speech is silver，silence is gold.能言是银，沉默是金。

You cannot burn the candle at both ends. 蜡烛不能两头点，精力不可过分耗。

You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。

Time cures all things.时间是医治一切创伤的良药。

Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。

Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。

一.开头用语：

良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。

1.议论论文：

A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.

C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...

D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.

E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.

F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.

2. 书信：

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again.

3. 口头通知或介绍情况：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演讲稿：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

二.并列用语：

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三.对比用语：

on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

四. 递进用语：

even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

五. 例证用语：

in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely

A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.

B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.

六. 时序用语：

first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time

in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,

A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.

B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.

七. 强调用语：

especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,

A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

B What in the world/on earth are you doing?

八. 因果用语：

thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to...

A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.

B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.

九. 总结用语：

in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all

A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.

B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.

常用句型

(一)段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that ……

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying……Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……Second,……What makes things worse is that…….

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because …… Besides，……

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages

and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,……

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they say……

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve …….For example，……Worst of all，…….

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

……is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，……Whats more, ……Most important of all,……

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….

For one thing，For another，

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly…….

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as ……

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while……

Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ……So its urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First ……second …… Last but not least,……

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view find……

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that……

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is

常用句型：

开头：

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点：

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点：

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子：

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

(先说故事主体)，this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾：

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

作文一直是考生重点关注的部分，也是考试的重难点，下面是为大家带来的大学英语作文考试常用句子，希望可以帮助大家！

一.段首句

1)关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to 省略.Some people suggest that 省略.

2)俗话说……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使今天，它在许多场合仍然使用。

There is an old saying省略.It is the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.

3)现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today,省略,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First,省略,Second,省略.What makes things worse is that 省略.

4)现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外……。

Nowadays,it is common to 省略.Many people like 省略because省略.Besides,省略.

5)任何事物都是两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and 省略is not an exception.It has both advantages and disadvantages.

6)关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为……，在他们看来，……

Peoples opinions about 省略vary from person to person.Some people say that 省略.To them,省略.

7)人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变的越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem省略which is becoming more and more serious.

8)……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年轻人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

省略has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9)……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

省略has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10)根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条图形/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages/ in the chart/bar graph/line/graph, it can be seen that省略.Obviously,省略,but why?

二.中间段落句

1)相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary,there are some people in favor of 省略.At the same time ,they say省略.

2)但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve省略.For example,省略.Worst of all,省略.

3)……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

省略is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction.First,省略.Whats more,省略.Most important of all,省略.

4)有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt.First,we can省略.

5)面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效地方法来……。一方面……，另一方面…… Confronted with省略,we should take a series of effective measures to省略.For one thing,省略For another,省略.

6)早该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example,省略.In addition.省略.All these measures will certainly省略.

7)然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它不利的一面，像……。

However,just like everyone has both its good and bad sides,省略also has its own disadvantages,such as省略.

8)尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless,I believe that省略is more advantageous.

9)完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that省略because省略.

三.结尾句

1)至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As for as I am concerned,I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that省略.

2)总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word,the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of省略.Only in this way can省略in the future.

3)就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因此……

Personally,I believe that省略.Consequently,Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because省略.

4)随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society,省略.So its urgent and necessary to省略.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society,it will be better and better.

5)至于我(对我而言，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能…… For my part,I think it reasonable to省略.Only in this way can we省略.

6)在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形式。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether省略is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of省略-.However,from a personal point of view find省略.

7)综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above,we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that省略.

8)如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means,we may not control this trend,and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly,so what we should do is...

[大学英语作文考试常用句子

这种做法就是在列举事实论据后，从正面或反面假设分析，来揭示论据和论点之间的内在联系。

如广一模语文作文《不放下》：“回顾历史，当无尽的艰辛，黑暗的现实，被贬的挫折无情的嘲笑着他们对责任的固执坚守时，他们没有选择放下。玄奘大师，只身穿透五万里的沙漠，没有神通广大的徒弟，没有结伴而行的法师，坚定地喊出‘宁向西天一步死，不求东归半步迈’的信念??特蕾莎修女，毕生在贫民窟为穷人服务，受尽千般万般不解与嘲讽??电影《十月围城》中，十三个普通人用血肉之躯筑起中华民族的围城，靠的是对革命胜利的责任的不放下。倘若他们放下对社会对人们的责任，倘若他们选择了安逸的生活，他们的内心只能享受物质的富足，却无法享受精神的富有，退缩与放弃只会永远的拷问着他们的灵魂。??若社会仅有‘放下’的故作潇洒，却没有‘不放下’的勇敢担当，历史的潮流又怎能向前发展？”

先叙述三个正面事实论据，接着用“倘若??”“若??”两个复句，从反面假设分析，从而论证了“不放下为社会为人民做贡献的责任”这一中心论点。

1、生平梳理式：童年—少年—成年—老年

2、类比引申式：描述一件事或一个镜头，然后展开议论;接下来引出同类事情或镜头作结，点出普遍的意义。

3、故事新编式：借鉴鲁迅《故事新编》的写法，将古人古事用新编形式写出，赋予与题目(话题)契合的意义。可以写成小说、小品、故事、神话、寓言等。

4、由物及人式：由自然界或人类社会中的某一物写起，引出该物的性质(精神、品质)，进而过渡到对人的形象，品质的描述和推介，如《白杨礼赞》《松树的风格》……

想要顺利通过英语四级考试，相关的作文常用词汇考生们是需要进行记忆的。下面就随小编一起去阅读英语四级考试作文常用词汇，相信能带给大家帮助。

1. 认为，主张argue, maintain, hold, believe

2. 考虑take…sth. into consideration, consider, ponder, meditate, contemplate, think over, reflect on/ upon, meditate on the matter(思考这问题), ponder over

3. 下结论，断定come into conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, draw the conclusion, conclude, decide, assert(宣称)

4. 获得acquire, obtain, attain, reap

5. 赢得，取得earn, gain, procure

6. 支持，赞成approve of, in favor of, uphold, stand by ones side, agree with, give ones assent

7. 提倡advocate, recommend

8. 反对opposite, object to

9. 抵制resist

10. 意义深远的，重大的far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful(变故多的,重要的)

11. 重要的，有决定性的vital, crucial, critical, decisive

12. 充分运用optimize, make best use of, make full use of,

13. 使用employ, utilize(vt.)

14. 应用apply

15. 后来，然后 afterwards, later on, later, after all

16. 高兴的，心情好的be in a good mood, happy, cheerful, joyful, joyous, pleased, delighted

17. 当前，目前nowadays, at present, currently, presently

18. 表达voice, convey, express, deliver, communicate

19. 描绘，描述，描写depict, describe, picture

20. 勤奋的，勤勉的 diligent, studious(慎重的), industrious, assiduous

21. 认真的，谨慎的 conscientious, cautious

22. 冷静的，清醒的sober, reasonable, sensible, rational

23. 聪明的，有才智的intelligent，bright，wise，brilliant

24. 疲惫不堪的exhausted，fatigued，run-down，worn-out，weary

25. 适应be adapted to，be accustomed to，be adjusted to

26. 阻碍，阻止hinder(后面的), curb(路边), hamper, restrain, prevent, ward off, avoid

27. 好处，优点 advantage，merit，benefit

28. 坏处，缺点 disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency

29. 参加participate in, attend, take part in, go in for, engage in

30. 集中精力于 focus on, center on, concentrate on

31. 专心于 set ones mind on

32. 抽出时间做set aside, put aside, spare

33. 依赖，依靠rely on, lean on

34. 沮丧的，失意的 frustrated, discouraged, depressed, down-hearted, disheartened, low-spirited

35. 努力做，尽力做attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor(尽力) to, manage to do

36. 进步，成就，成绩advancement, achievement, accomplishment, feat, fulfillment, progress (v)

37. 志气，抱负，渴望 aspiration, ambition, yearning, thirst, long for, aspire after/ aspire to sth./ aspire to do sth.

38. 禁止ban, disallow(不接受), prohibit, forbid, ban sth./ ban sb. from doing

39. 除……之外 apart from, in addition to, along with

40. 开展，实施，做practice, carry on, conduct, perform, implement (bring into effect, put in practice.)

议论文常见的论证方法有七种：例证法、引证法、喻证法、比较法、归谬法、归纳法和演绎法。下面细谈四种在议论文写作时常用也比较好用的论证方法。

一、例证法

例证法也叫事例论证，是用令人信服的典型事例来证明自己论点正确的一种方法。它是议论文写作中最常用的一种论证方法。“事实强于雄辩”，在典型的事例面前，道理不言而喻。

要用好例证法，必须注意以下几个方面：

1、事例要典型、确凿、有影响力。一般来讲，应优先考虑著名的人物或事例，慎用校园、家庭、市井街头的琐碎事例。

2、事例的叙述要简明扼要，切忌拖泥带水，过于详细。举例是为了证明观点，不是为了弄清事实，切忌本末倒置。

3、事例切忌单一狭隘，要丰富广阔，要点面结合，古今中外相映成辉。同类事例掌握多时可考虑采用句式排比列举。

4、事例列举之后要简短分析，不能将例证法变成事例整理，忌有例无证。

5、勤于积累，精于筛选。“书到用时方恨少”，平时多读书报，摘记、剪贴是主要手段。积累多了，自然能融会贯通、左右逢源。

二、引证法

引证法也叫道理论证，是通过引用名人名言、古诗文名句、反映科学规律的俗语谚语警句等来证明自己观点正确可信的一种论证方法。

引证法在考场或平时练笔写作中的使用频率仅次于例证法。由于引证法引用的是世人公认的思考结晶，能够深刻地反映事物的本质已为无数事实所证明，所以具有巨大的说服力。

怎么用好引证法呢?

1、所引用的名言警句等针对性要强。每句名言都产生于特定的背景，都应用于特定的交际目的，即使谈同一个问题，也有不少名言可供选取。要仔细分析每个道理论据的特有功能，将它引用到最恰当的语言环境之中。

例如：强调立志的重要性，要选用“三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺其志。”强调志向高洁远大，要选用“燕雀怎知鸿鹄之志”，某同学沉湎于上网，要选用“玩物丧志”，某同学不能只持之以恒、一暴十寒，要选用“有为之人立长志，无为之人常立志。”

2、要简洁，不宜过多。议论是在发表自己的见解而不是在介绍他人的见解。引用他人的话，目的是为了让读者更加信服自己的话，自己的话应是议论的主体，应是全文最醒目的部分。过多的引文，很容易将自己的分析淹没。

3、要注意直接引用和间接引用的区别。直接引用务求文字、甚至标点均准确无误;间接引用只须述其大意，但要注意人称的转换。

三、喻证法

喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。

在议论文中，设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。

运用喻证法必须注意以下三点：

1、以小见大，就近取譬。要精选生活中细小的、人们熟悉的事物做为设喻的喻体。喻体如果不是读者常见熟知的，就达不到喻证的目的。

2、喻体不求形似，求神似。做为喻证的喻体与做为比喻的喻体不同。比喻的喻体是为了强调特征，描绘事物，侧重形似，以形比形;而喻证的喻体是为了阐发观点，以正视听，力求神似，以义取形。一定要对自己所要论争的对象和用来设喻的事物之间的对应关系进行细致入微的体味与揣摩。

3、精剖喻体，丝丝入扣。《拿来主义》中鲁迅先生的喻证法运用得是很经典的。他用“大宅子”比喻“文化遗产”;用“孱头”、“混蛋”、“废物”来批判三种对待文化遗产的错误观点和态度;用“鱼翅”、“鸦片”、“烟枪、烟灯”、“姨太太”来比喻文化遗产的几个组成部分;用“占有”、“挑选”、“创新”来说明批判继承文化遗产的三个步骤。十分贴切，浑然一体，令人信服并不由得拍案叫绝。

四、比较法

比较法也是一种常见的论证方法，分对比与类比两种。

1、类比法

所谓类比，就是借助某个或某几个类似的故事、实例或写作者安排的情境，进行由此及彼的推理。

用于类比的事物大致有这么几种：古今中外的史实、神话传说、寓言、写作者自己创设的情境等。

运用类比要注意所选取的“类体”要同类，不能相对或相反;在类比之后要剖析，要善于揭示，一语破的，一刀见血。

2、对比法

所谓对比，就是把正反两方面的论点和论据加以剖析对照，达到否定错误观点，树立正确论点的目的。

运用对比要注意所选取的“对体”的正与误、是与非、新与旧的区别要非常明显，要有突出的互相对立的关系;必须要对所要论述的对象的矛盾本质有深刻的认识;可以是人对人、物对物，也可以是纵向比较或横向对照。

当然，以上所概括的这几种论证方法，仅仅使用其中的一种，有时论述也会过于单薄。为强化说服力，许多议论文兼用多种论证方法。不过，使用多种论证方法一定要注意突出其中的一种，才会给人留下深刻的印象。

1)We have (take) pleasure in informing you that......

兹欣告你方......

2)We have the pleasure of informing you that......

兹欣告你方.....

3)We are pleased (glad) to inform you that......

兹欣告你方......

4)Further to our letter of yesterday, we now have (the) pleasure in informing you that......

续谈我方昨日函, 现告你方......

5)We confirm telegrams/fax messages recently exchanged between us and are pleased to say that......

我方确认近来双方往来电报/传真,并欣告......

6)We confirm cables exchanged as per copies (cable confirmation) herewith attached.

我方确认往来电报,参见所附文本.

7)We learn from Messrs......that you are interested and well experienced in ......business, and would like to establish business relationship with us.

我方从...公司获悉,你方对...业务感兴趣且颇有经验,意欲与我方建立业务关系.

8)Although no communication has been exchanged between us for a long time, we trust that you are doing well in business.

虽然久未通讯,谅你方生意兴隆.

9)Although we have not heard from you for quite some time, we hope your business is progressing satisfactorily.

虽然好久没接到你方来信,谅业务进展顺利.

10)We have pleasure in sending you our catalog, which gives full information about our various products.

欣寄我方目录,提供我方各类产品的详细情况。

11)We are pleased to send you by parcel post a package containing...

很高兴寄你一邮包内装...

12)We have the pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter dated...

欣获你方...月...日来信.

13)We acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of...

谢谢你方...月...日来信.

14)We have duly received your letter of ...

刚刚收悉你方...月...日来信.

15)We thank you for your letter of ...contents of which have been noted.

谢谢你方...月...日来信,内容已悉.

16) Refering to your letter of ......we are pleased to ....

关于你方...月...日来信,我们很高兴...

17) Reverting to your letter of ...we wish to say that...

再洽你方...月...日来信,令通知...

18)In reply to your letter of ...,we...

兹复你方...月...日来函,我方...

19) We wish to refer to your letter of ...concerning

现复你方...月...日关于...的来信

20) In compliance with the request in your letter of ... we...

按你方...月...日来函要求,我方...

掌握一些常用的句型对高考英语写作尤为重要。下面是语文迷网整理的句型，大家一起来看看吧。

一、开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be said with certainty that...

4.As the proverb says，

5.It has to be noticed that...

6.It`s generally recognized that...

7.It`s likely that ...

8.It`s hardly that...

9.It’s hardly too much to say that...

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...

13.what’s far more important is that...

二、衔接句型

A case in point is ...

As is often the case...

As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

But it’s a pity that...

For all that...In spite of the fact that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However , the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三、结尾句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….

The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四、举例句型

Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

Here is one more example.

Take … for example.

The same is true of….

This offers a typical instance of….

We may quote a common example of….

Just think of….

五、常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.

3. I believe the title statement is valid because….

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.

六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….

8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七、演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

5. The reasons are as follows.

八、因果推理法常用句型

1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.

3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.

7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.

导语：地道的英语句型会给阅卷老师一个非常好的印象分，并且觉得此考生的英语功底是扎实的，下面是作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

一.地方介绍

1、学校的中央有一座教学楼。

There is a teaching building in the middle of the school.

2、楼的南边有一个游泳池。

As wimming pool lies to the south of the building.

3、楼的后面有许多树。

There are many trees behind the building.

4、楼的前边有一个小花园。

In front of the building lies a small garden.

5、楼的对面是宿舍。

Opposite the building is a dorm.

6、宿舍的旁边是食堂。

Beside the dorm stands the dining hall.

7、厨房和客厅挨着。

The kitchen stands next to the living room.

8、墙上挂着一张世界地图。

A map of the world hangs on the wall.

9、桌子下面有一只可爱的小狗。

There is a lovely dog under the table.

10、屋子的后面有一个书架。

At the back of the room is a bookshelf.

二.人物介绍

1、他们雇了一个叫汤姆的人。

They hired a person named Tom.

2、他高个子，大眼睛。

He is a tall man with big eyes.

3、他擅长英语。

He is good at English.

4、他闲暇时经常听音乐。

He usually listens to music in his spare time.

5、他的爱好是篮球。

Basketball is his hobby.

6、他毕业于第八中学。

He graduated from No. 8 Middle School.

7、他曾获英语竞赛第一名。

He once got the first place in the English competition.

8、他友善并且随和。

He is kind and easy-going.

9、他经常帮我们学英语。

He often helps us with our English.

10、他被认为是最好的学生之一。

He is regarded as one of the best students.

三.活动安排

1、我们早上7点在校门口集合。

We will gather at the school gate at seven in the morning.

2、我们7：30出发。

We will set off at 7:30.

3、我们将乘公共汽车去。

We will go there by bus.

4、在那儿的饭店吃午饭。

Lunch will be served in the restaurant there.

5、我们将参观那儿的工厂和学校。

We will visit the factories and schools there.

6、然后，我们将和当地的农民聊天。

After that, we will chat with the farmers there.

7、一个小时后，我们去钓鱼。

An hour later, we will go fishing.

8、旅行的费用由学生自己承担。

The cost of the trip will be paid by the students themselves.

9、我们下午5点才能回到学校。

We won’t return to our school until 5:00 p.m.

10、我将全程陪同。

I will be in your company all the way.

一、简要复习

1.议论文的三要素：论点、论据、论证。

2.议论文的整体结构

引论——提出问题（是什么）

本论——分析问题（为什么）

结论——解决问题（怎么办）

3.本论部分常见的论证结构：

1）“总-分-总”式结构。这是文章运用最多的一种结构方式。在论证思路中，有的是先总说后分说，有的先分说后总说，或者先总说后分说再总说。这就是“总-分-总”式结构方式。如满分作文《诚信所至，金石为开》开头引用古语，提出论点，这是引论。本论先说诚信的作用，再说诚信的适用范围。结尾点题，照应开头。总结全文。是典型的“总一分一总”结构，显示出作者较高的谋篇布局水平。

2）并列式结构。在论证思路中，为了论述的方便，将文章的中心论点分解成几个平行的、并列的分论点，或是把论据并列起来，论证的几个层次或段落之间的关系是平行的，这就是并列式。如福建满分作文《稳中求胜》文章在亮出中心论点“为人沉稳，稳中求胜”之后，便从三个方面展开了充分的论述：“a.沉稳从志而来。b.沉稳从难而来。c.沉稳从无欲而来”。这三个分论点共同证明了中心论点，论证充分，结构清晰。

3）对照式结构。在论证思路中，把两种事物(或意见)加以对比，或者是用另一种事物(或意见)来烘托某一种事物(或意见)，这就是对照式。如江西一考生的《公则生明》本论部分先引作文材料以做反面典型，由此带出两例正面典型事例。这样，三个事例一反两正，对比鲜明，孰是孰非，一目了然。

4）层进式结构。在论证思路中，由浅入深，层层深入，步步推进，这就是递进式结构。它的特点是各层的前后顺序有严格要求，不能随意变更。一般议论文采取先提出问题，再分析问题，然后解决问题的思路，即体现了层进式结构的

特点。如高考作文《正直是做人的根本》，文章先摆出女学生拒绝广告的现象，接着说明这样做的原因，再评论女学生这一行为的意义和价值，这样层层递进，说理深刻，从而透彻地揭示了问题的实质。

小结

【总分式】先总说后分说——先分说后总说——先总说后分说再总说

【并列式】论据并列式——分论点并列式——对照式

【总分式】正反结合，破立结合

【层进式】是什么——为什么——怎么样（或由现象到本质、由具体到抽象、由抽象到具体、由此及彼、由近及远、由简单到复杂、由特殊到一般）

4.层进式的两种模式

（一）将中心论点进行分解，分成几个分论点，这些分论点之间的关系是由大到小、由自然到人生、由个人到社会、由浅入深、由简单到复杂、由特殊到一般（或由一般到特殊）。层间可用诸如“不仅……而且……”“……况且”等关联词语过渡，同时又以此反映层次间递进的关系。

（二）按照“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”的思路安排论证结构，即围绕中心论点回答三个问题：是什么，为什么，怎么办。

“是什么”可理解为提出问题：或指明问题的实质，或申述论述的范围，或直接提出中心论点等；也可以是对论述对象作必要的解释、说明等。解释，不一定是下定义，可以举例说明，也可以对比说明。语言一定要简洁些。

从“为什么”与“怎么样”的角度论述，是文章的主体部分，这两部分可以并重，也可以有所侧重，不一定平均用力。一般说来，如果道理简单，显而易见，无须详加论证，则可在“怎么样”上多做文章；如“怎么样”的问题众所周知，不言而喻，则可在“为什么”上多做文章，“怎么样”可一笔带过或干脆不谈。

“是什么——为什么——怎么样”的思路是最有助于拓开思路的论证结构模式。至于怎么用好这种模式，则关键在于灵活变通，根据实际情况确定“是什么”、“为什么”、“怎么样”的各自的论述侧重点。

二、导入

通过对近几年的高考作文调查发现，选用议论文体的作文，取得高分的机率较大。因此，议论文或议论式的散文就成了大多数考生首选的体裁。然而阅卷老师却感叹，议论文越来越不像议论文了。那么，怎样才能写好议论文呢？2010年广东高考作文发展等级要求（1）深刻，透过现象深入本质，揭示事物内在的因果关系，观点具有启发作用。（2）丰富，材料丰富，论据充实，形象丰满，意境深远。这就要求我们在写议论文时，除了要有正确、鲜明的观点，典型、有力的论据和恰当的论证方法外，还要重视文章的论证结构。因此，这节课我们就来讲一下论证结构中的层进式。

三、授课内容

1.层进式：文章各层次之间是层层深入、步步推进的关系，各层的前后顺序有严格要求，不能随意改动。

2.层进式的两种模式

（一）将中心论点进行分解，分成几个分论点，这些分论点之间的关系是由大到小、由自然到人生、由个人到社会、由浅入深、由简单到复杂、由特殊到一般（或由一般到特殊）。

（二）按照“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”的思路安排论证结构，即围绕中心论点回答三个问题：是什么，为什么，怎么办。

3.（自主学习）

例1.说“思”

1）“思”就是提倡动脑筋（是什么）

2）“勤思”的重要（为什么）

3）还要“善思”（怎么样）

（小组合作）

例2.谈风度

分论点：

①风度是一种美德，一种富有教养的臻于完善的气质和风采（是什么）；②有了风度，能受到别人的敬重，能增进爱心，有利于和睦相处（为什么）；③要有风度，须加强道德情操的修养，摒弃粗俗言行，自觉培养良好的风度（怎么样）。

例3.高考例文赏析

谈坚持

⑴人们都希望驻足金碧辉煌的“罗马宫城”，到达魂牵梦萦的“象牙之塔”，实现自己长久的念想，这就需要不懈的努力，因为坚持就是胜利。

⑵坚持是对极限的挑战，是对心血和汗水的慷慨挥洒，是对理想的执着，是不到长城不止步的豪迈。王军霞在汗水里争渡，在“苦海”里泛舟，最终登上奥运会冠军的宝座，是坚持；中国工农红军爬雪山，过草地，将两万五千里踩在脚下，这惊天地泣鬼神的壮举还是坚持。

（坚持是什么）

⑶绳锯木断，水滴石穿，成功往往就诞生在再坚持一下的努力之中。爱迪生的风骨令人折服，他发明蓄电池历时十年，进行了五万次实验，才取得了成功。这就是坚持的力量。有一年的高考作文题是一道漫画题，漫画上那位老兄挖了四口井没有见到水便扬长而去。其实有的井距水层只有一锨之遥，如果再坚持一下，胜利便属于他了，然而他放弃了，于是与成功失之交臂。丢弃恒久长远的坚持，捡起浅尝辄止的遗憾，当然摘不到金灿灿的苹果了。

（为什么要坚持）

⑷坚持需要七擒孟获的韧性，需要六出岐山的不坠之志，需要耐得住寂寞的孤独，更需要知其不可为而为的大智大勇。张海迪从小便患了脊柱瘤，胸椎以下

的肢体永远失去了知觉，然而她却以惊人的毅力自学了英语、日语和德语，甚至翻译创作了几十万字的小说。这就是坚持，坚持使她只有三分之一的躯体放射出灿烂的光彩，坚持使它终于托起了一轮不落的人生太阳。

（坚持需要什么）

⑸当然，坚持不是固守，更不是画地为牢。试想，如果蔡伦在造纸的多次失败之后，仍坚持原来的作法，而不是大胆的改进原料，那么我们引以为自豪的“四大发明”恐怕就要改写成“三大发明”了。鲁迅若不是认清形势，弃医从文，中国现代史上恐怕就要多一个平凡的医生，而少一个文豪。那种只知在陈迹斑斑的老路上挥汗如雨，不撞南墙不回头的人，是莽夫，是懦夫，其结果，势必南辕北辙，头破血流。

（坚持要注意什么，即怎样做到坚持)

⑹远方的诱惑是我们之所以忙碌，之所以奋斗，之所以拼搏之所在。当我们遇到困难，遭受挫折，当我们汗流浃背，精疲力竭的时候，我们应该在心中默念一声：再坚持一下。

【评点】此文是严格按照“是什么——为什么——怎么样”这一思路来构思行文的，开头结尾照应点题，第二段写坚持是什么，第三段写为什么要坚持，第四、五段写坚持需要什么及坚持要注意什么，即怎样做到坚持。整篇文章思路清晰，层次分明，想不得高分都难。（因果分析式,基本思路是：是什么——为什么——怎么样。）

尊严与灵魂

尊严是什么？它是生命的尊贵与庄重，它是不肯弯腰屈膝的坚持与豪放，它是令人仰视的气节与精神……它更是万物之精灵，灵魂之倚仗。

尊严是人的灵魂。

徐悲鸿曾说过：“人不可有傲气，但不可无傲骨。”傲骨之源，来自于生命的灵魂，正是人本性中的正直与大气，尊严才会如此坦荡。我不免想到了晏子使楚的故事，他的处世不惊、南橘北枳的雄辩赢得了楚王的赏识，实现了自身的价值。