英语正反对比论证作文结构及常用词句（热门19篇）

在新概念三册中，对比论证的方法反复被运用到，至少出现了五次，分别在篇章L12，L23，L38，L41 和L54的第一段出现。如果对这五篇文章中的对比论证段落仔细研读，会发现这些段落有着几乎完全一样的结构，有规律可循，所以对比论证方法应该是三册学习中不可忽略的一个部分。

这里我们就拿第12课为例。对比论证出现在了第一段。作者在第一段开门见山提出了论点：Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island（我们许多人对于荒岛生活有一种不切实际的想法）。之后作者讲了两种截然相反的想法：一种想法是imagine it to be a sort of paradise（认为荒岛是天堂）；另一种想法是Life on a desert island is wretched（荒岛生活很可怕）。最后一句话是个总结句。作者正是通过两种呈对比的想法来论证“人们对荒岛生活有不切实际的想法”这一观点。需要读者关注的是，在两种成对立的想法之间作者用了一句非常漂亮的过渡句：The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. （另一种想法恰恰相反）。于是，一个结构清晰严谨、论述有理有力的段落跃然纸上。

读罢上述五篇文章的第一段，不难发现它们都是由两种相反的观点组成，而在相反的观点中间，作者都运用过渡句，这里对对比论证的过度表达稍作总结：

The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. (L12)

on the other hand (L23)

but (L38)

…be only part of the picture. (L41)

however (L54)

了解了对比论证之后，我们不妨思考下如何运用这种手法，毕竟学以致用才是我们的最终目的。如果针对当前的英语高考作文题，我们完全可以让它在我们的考场上发挥作用。这里以上海2004年和2005年的英语高考作文题为例，看看这一新概念三册中反复出现的手法如何作为应试技巧运用到考试中。

2005上海英语高考作文题：

古人云：“天生我材必有用”(There must be a use for my talent.)。通过描述你生活中的一件事，说明人各有所长，无论才能大小都能成为有用的人。

写作文首先要做的是审题，这个题目要求你在写文章时做到两点：你的观点是支持“天生我才必有用”；用你生活事例论证。如何引出自己的观点呢？我们可以运用对比手法，可以先就题中话题先找到两个对立观点，然后再抛出自己的观点。值得一提的是，考官在批阅一片作文时首先会注意考生是否偏题。那我们如何避免偏题呢？一个很好的方法就是在开头就告诉改卷老师你扣题了。比如笔者写下如下一段作为作文首段：

People have formed an unrealistic picture of their talents. Some imagine themselves to be unconquerably intelligent. On the opposite, others tend to consider themselves a drop in the ocean, powerless and useless. There is an element of truth in both ideas, but I am convinced that there must be a use to out talent, as it can be proved by my own experience.

先写人们对自己的天赋形成了不切实际的看法，然后写两种极端的看法：一种是认为自己绝顶聪明，另一种是自己如沧海一粟，微小无用。在这两个相反的观点之间有了on the opposite来过渡。这正是运用了对比论证的手法，但是别忘了上述的两点考题要求。在列举了两种相反的观点之后就可以抛出自己的观点：I am convinced that there must be a use to out talent.而后自然用过一个as it can be proved by my own experience的句子过渡到以下的事例对这一观点进行论证。如此一写，完全不用担心是否扣题的问题，因为在这一文章首段告诉了考官自己的观点，并且通过一个过渡句说明下文内容是起到论证作用的事例。当然不要忘记这里是通过对比的手法来引出自己的观点的。

上述高考题属于比较严肃的话题，如果遇到的话题涉及生活事件呢？下面再列举另一种风格的高考作文题。

2004上海英语高考作文题

老师要求你负责班级墙报(wall newspaper)工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈想法。

我们首先还是要捉摸清楚考题的要点：你的决心；你的想法。负责班级墙报貌似是个小话题，但是我们完全可以运用上对比论证的手法。比如在写自己的决心时，不妨先写一般人对这样一个老师指派的任务是何种态度，而后引出自己的决心。而在写一般人的态度时完全可以用上对比的手法。比如笔者写下如下一段作为作文首段：

People show different attitude when appointed to be in charge of wall newspaper. Those who regard the task as a great burden would decline it while those who long to serve their fellow students would accept it with great pleasure. As for me, it is a golden opportunity to practice myself, so when the challenge comes, I will accept it.

可以先用一句话总起人们会有不同的态度，而后写两个呈对比的观点：一种是认为这是个负担因而拒绝承担；另一种是渴望为民服务因而欣然接受。中间运用的过度是while，这样可以将呈对比的做法浓缩在一个句子里，句子结构的复杂性提升。然后通过as for me来表达自己的态度，也就是我的部分决心。

当然，不要忽略作文题中的另一个非常重要的要求，即该作文是以日记形式出现，所以不妨将将这一比较正式的段落放在文中而非文首。

这里暂以两个高考作文题为例，运用上新概念三册中的对比论证手法，希望可以给大家一些启发，帮助大家真正地将这一结构手法活学活用。

1、Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧。

2、Take care of the pence/pennies，and the pounds will take care of themselves.

积少成多。/小事谨慎，大事自成。

3、Swift to hear,slow to speak.

多听少讲。

4、Procrastination is the thief of time.

拖延就是偷走时间。

5、Tomorrow is another day.

明天又是新的一天。/明天还有指望。

6、Exploit to the full one’S favorable conditions and avoid unfavorableones.

扬长避短。

7、Promise little，but do much.

少许愿，多做事。

8、cripples learns to limp.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

9、Bend the willow while it is still youn.

修树要趁早，育人要趁小。

10、Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。

11、Passion，though a bad regulator,is a powerful sprin.

激情虽难驾驭，却是强大动力。

12、Learn from other’S strong points to offset one’S weaknesses.

取长补短。

13、He than run fast gets the rin.

捷足先登。

14、We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.

井干方知水宝贵。

15、Our greatest glory consists not in never failin9，but in rising every time we fall.

人生最大的光荣，不在于永不失败，而在失败还能站起。

16、Ideals are like stars-we never reach them，but like marlners，we chart our courses by them.

人之需要理想，如水手之需星辰；星辰虽不可及，但可指引我们航程。

17、Youth’s stuff will not endure.

青春易逝。

18、A pet lamb makes a cross ralTl.

宠坏的羊羔会变成恶羊。

19、Prepare for the worst and hope for the best.

做最坏的准备，怀最好的希望。

20、Do not throw the baby with the bath water.

别把小孩和洗澡水一起泼掉。

21、Wisdom is only found in truth.

惟有在真理中才能找到智慧。

22、A stitch in time saves nine.

小洞不补，大洞吃苦。

23、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evenin9./The morning hour has gold in its mouth.

一天之计在于晨。

24、Where there is a will，there is a way.

有志者事竟成。

25、Broaden one’S scope ofknowledge and widen one’S horizon.

拓宽知识，开拓视野。

26、He that can have patience can have what he will.

惟坚韧者始能遂其志。

27、Thought is the seed of action.

思想是行动的种子。

28、As you give，as you receive./As you sow，you shall mow.

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

29、Every man is the master ofhis own fogune.

每人都是自己命运的主人。

30、Good health is the best treasure a person can procure.

健康是一个人最宝贵的财富。

31、Disappointment is the nurse of wisdom.

失败是成功之母。

32、The first step to knowledge is to know that we are ignorant.

走向知识的第一步是知道自己无知。

33、Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits.

孩子不见世面，知识少的可怜。

34、People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.

自己有缺点，勿揭他人短。

35、Give me where to stand，and l will move the world.

给我一个支点,我可以跷起整个地球。

首先，全篇的论证结构要合理。议论文写作的目的就是要让读者接受自己的观点，而这一目的就决定了议论文的写作要有一个符合人们思维习惯的逻辑顺序，要有一个合理的论证结构。一般议论文的思维顺序是提出问题阐明观点—分析问题论证观点—解决问题归纳观点，概括为引论、本论、结论三个部分，也有老师进一步细化为引(引入话题)—提(提出观点)—析(分析论证)—联(联系现实)—结(归结回扣)。虽说文无定法，但上述符合一般思维习惯的结构模式，对于中学生来说还是值得学习借鉴的。为了便于理解，我们简单分析例文的结构：第一段引入话题、提出观点，而且对观点中的关键词“老实”“聪明”进行了诠释，这种诠释不仅便于读者理解，也便于论者论述，在论证结构上有统摄下文之作用。第二、三段是分析论证部分，分别扣住第一段的“诚实守信”“规规矩矩”两个词从正面论证观点。第四段是联系现实部分，扣住第一段“小聪明”从反面论证观点。第五段是归结回扣部分，引用周恩来的一句话，在总结第四段的同时，回扣第一段的观点“只有做一个老实人才是最聪明的”。全篇按照人们习惯的逻辑顺序展开论证，论证结构是合理的，因而是便于读者接受的。

其次，段落内部的论证结构要合理。为了清晰论证，我们可以把论点分解成两三个分论点展开论证，用两三个分论段落支撑起一篇议论文的主体部分。该怎样结构每一个分论段呢?一个段落是一篇文章的具体而微，因此，分论段也应包括引论、本论、结论三个部分。引论：概括地提出本段分论点，诠释分论点，以确定全段涉及的论证范围。这一部分可以包括观点句和诠释句。本论：围绕分论点，提供材料和分析，以使分论点切实可信。这一部分可以包括材料句和分析句。结论：在分析论证的基础上引出一个合乎逻辑的结论，重申分论点而又避免用语雷同。这一部分可以是一个总结句。这样，一个分论段落就可以包括观点句、诠释句、材料句、分析句、总结句等五类句子。⑥例文中第三段是比较典型的论证段落：第一句“规矩做人才能获得内心的平静”是观点句，二、三两句是对观点句的解释，四、五、六句是对吴玉兰事迹的叙述，第七句是对材料的分析，第八句是在分析基础上得出的结论。基本结构掌握了，完全可以活学活用，以使文章的论证段落显得更为灵活自然。这样的段落结构能够有效地避免材料堆砌或空洞议论的无论证写作倾向。

总之，高考议论文要说服阅卷者，就要首先把自己的观点说清楚，然后引经据事、联系现实并按照合理的逻辑顺序清楚地进行分析论证。高考议论文写作必须增强论证意识。一、要明确阐述论证观点

一、以形式主语it引导的句型。

句型1. It happened(chanced) that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. = sb. did sth. by chance. 如：

It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。

句型2、It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done 如：(还有动词appear可这样使用)

It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.好象你以去过北京。

二、定语从句：

句型1、由as引导的非限定性的定语从句。如：

As we have known, he is a most good student.众所周知，他是个很好的学生。

句型2、由which引导的非限定性的定语从句。如：

He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming.

他是个教授，那是我一直盼望的职业。(因为先行词professor是表示职业的名词，因此引导词用which，而不用who。(注意：关于which和as之间的比较请看语法的定语从句部分。)

三、让步状语从句

句型1、No matter what / which / who / where / when /

whose+从句，+主句。注意从句中的时态一般情况用一般现在时态。如：

No matter what you do, you must do it well.

四、条件状语从句

句型1、When / So long as / As long as / Once +从句，+主句。(从句也可以放在主句之后。)如：

As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。

句型2、主句+on condition that+从句。如：

I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱。

句型3、主句+unless+从句.(注意：由于unless本身是否定词，所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定。)如：

I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.我明天去那儿除非下雨。

五、原因状语从句

句型1、主句+in case+从句。(in case表示以免)如：

I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣带上以免下雨。

句型2、主句+due to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +从句。如：

He did not come to school because of the fact that he was

ill.由于他有病了，所以没有来上学。

六、时间状语从句

句型1、When / While / As +从句，+主句。(关于它们之间的区别请看语法。)如：

When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.当我在农村时，我常常给你打水。

句型2、主句+after / before +从句. 如：

They hadn’t been married four months before they were

devoiced.他们绘结婚不到四个月就离婚了。

We went home after we had finished the work.我们做完此工作就回家了。

七地点状语从句

句型1、Where +从句，+主句. 如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.哪里没有雨水，种庄稼是很难的或者是不可能的。

句型2、Anywhere / wherever+从句，+主句. 如：

Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.无论我去哪儿，我的妻子也去哪儿。

八、目的状语从句

句型1、主句+in order that / so that +从句.如：www.yingyuzuowen.cn

I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。

九、结果状语从句

句型1、主句+so that+从句. 如：

It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气很冷，因此河水结冰了。

句型2、So+形容词/ 副词+特定动词+主语+…+that+从句.

So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.这本书那么有趣，我想再读一遍。

十、比较状语从句

句型1、The +形容词比较级……，(主句)the +形容词比较级+……如：

The sooner you do it, the better it will be.越早越好。

句型2、主语+谓语+as +形容词原级+as +被比较的对象. 如：

He is as busy as a bee.他非常忙。

希望以上的初中英语句型可以帮你在写作上解决一个大忙。

1. Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量。

2. Wisdom is better than gold or silver.

知识胜过金银。

3. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.

胸中有知识，胜于手中有钱。

4. Learn wisdom by the follies of others.

从旁人的愚行中学到聪明。

5. It is good to learn at another man’s cost.

前车可鉴。

6. Wisdom is to the mind what health is to the body.

知识之于精神，一如健康之于肉体。

7. Experience is the best teacher.

经验是最好的教师。

8. Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.

经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。

9. Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧。

10. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other.

经验学校学费高，愚人旁处学不到。

11. Experience without learning is better than learning without experience.

有经验而无学问，胜于有学问而无经验。

12. Seeing is believing.

百闻不如一见。

13. Wisdom is a good purchase though we pay dear for it.

为了求知识，代价虽高也值得。

14. Doubt is the key of knowledge.

怀疑是知识之钥。

15. If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.

若要求知识，须从勤苦得。

16. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

浅学误人。

17. A handful of common sense is worth a bushel of learning.

少量的常识，当得大量的学问。

18. Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps.

知识只能循序渐进，不能跃进。

Recently, our school held a heated dicussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.Different people have different views on the

question.About 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.They hold this opinion becouse they believe a public park should be free of charge.People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.Whats more,it will become necessory torebuild gates and wallls, which will do harm to the iamge of the city.However,nearly 40% students think that fees should be charged since you need money to pay gardeners and other

workers,and to buy plants and young trees.They suggestthat the fees should be low.

一、学校生活及学习成绩

Be getting on well with one’s study某人的学习越来越好

take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程

have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at…

put one’s heart into…专心于;致力于

be interested in…

be fond of

like chemistry best

be good at…; be poor at…; do well in…; be weak in…

make progress in…; fail in…’ be tired of…’

pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;

major in history主修历史

He has the best record in school.他的成绩最棒。

get a doctor’s degree获得博士学位

be more interesting to sb.

learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);

take an active part in…; learn… by heart;

work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in…;

get 90 marks for (English); get an“A” in the exam;

have a good command of…

lay a good foundation in (language study)

二、师生关系

get on well with sb; like to be with students;

be gentle with us; be kind to sb;

be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;

be strict in work

We think of him (her) as…; help sb with sth;

praise sb for sth…; blame sb for sth..

give advice on…; question sb on…

be satisfied with…

correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;

try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;

teach sb to do sth.

devote all one’s time to work;

admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education

佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。

三、课余活动及周末生活

spend one’s time in many different ways;

enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;

go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);

see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);

play chess (basketball); have a swim;

have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;

go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;

do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;

get everything ready for;

ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);

There are a lot of activities at (the beach).

We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.

She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.

It was a very relaxing Sunday.

There are good programmes on TV on weekends.

四、彼此沟通信息

take a message for sb; send a message to sb;

hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;

get information about…;

express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英语表达一个人的思想(感情);

Write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说...， apologize to sb for…

thank you for…; make a speech t at the meeting;

explain sth to s; look upon sb as…; think sb to be…;

take sb’s side

五、事件中人的态度

would like to do; allow sb to do;

keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);

call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of…);

fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;

speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;

force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;

regret doing;

prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;

would rather (not) do.

六、事情过程

have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing;

make up one’s mind to do;

prepare sb for…; give up doing…; do sth as usual;

do what he wants us to do; set about doing;

try one’s best to do…=go all out to do;

get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for New China;

wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb;

show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to…;

I’m trying to find…;

I’m afraid we are out of…;

pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…;

can’t help doing…; do some good deeds to people;

be prepared for more hard work;

Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.

七、感观活动与思维活动

look around for…; look up (down) at…; catch sight of…;

take a look at…; hear sb do (doing); take notice of…;

take view of…; have a good understanding of…;

consider sb (sth) to be…; come to know…;

realize that…; know that +从句

八、情感与欲望

be pleased with…; be delighted in doing…;

take a pleasure in doing; be worried about;

feel surprised at…

be sorry for…; be angry with sb for sth;

be angry about…(为某事生气);

look forward to doing…; wish to do; expect to do;

long for (long to do); be sick for one’s home;

have a strong desire to do…;

九、健康状况及治疗

be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;

feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever;

have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;

have got a pain in…; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes);

It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…; save one’s life

十、其它

It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that…;

be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;

miss the lecture (train); change…into…;

waste time doing; spend time doing; be busy doing;

have no choice but to do; I can’t help it. be in need of…;

be mistaken about…; fall behind…; catch up with;

on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;

Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.

Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.

十一、信件开头常用语

You letter came to me this morning.

I have received your letter of July the 20th.

I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.

I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.

How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.

Thank you for your letter.

In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;

Let me tell you that…

十二、信件结尾常用语

Please remember me to your whole family.

Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.

Best wishes.

With love.

Wish you a pleasant journey.

Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck)

Looking forward to your next visit to China.

Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.

Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.

十三、问路和应答

Go down this street

Turn night/left at the first crossing

It’s about…meters from here

You can’t miss it

In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)

Pass two blocks

“游客纷至沓来”这句话，很多学生不能用英语写出“纷至沓来”这个成语，但是可以用以下几种表达方式：

⑴A large number of visitors come here

⑵There are lots of visitors coming here every day

⑶Many people visit here every day

⑷A lot of people pay a visit here every day

十四、多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯

表列举：for example、for instance、that is to say

表补充：besides、in addition、moreover

表对比：on the one hand…on the other hand、in spite of

表原因：because of、thanks to、due to、owing to

表结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so

表结论：to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up

表转折：however、nevertheless、yet

十五、段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today， ____， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First， ____ Second，____. What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)

……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People‘s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them，_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?

十六、中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。

首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，______.Whats more， _____.Most important of all，______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First， we can______

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this， the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However， just like everything has both its good and bad sides， ______also has its own disadvantages， such as ______.

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless， I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

like...best最喜欢……

be good at.../do well in...擅长于……

be poor at.../be weak in...在……(方面)不好

make progress in...在……上取得进步

fail to do...在……上失败

succeed in...在……上成功

be tired of...厌倦……

pass the examination通过考试，考试及格

give sb. a passing grade给某人及格分

major in history主修历史

sb. has the best record in school某人的成绩最棒

get a doctor’sdegree获得博士学位

...be more interesting to sb.……对某人更具吸引力

learn about...知道一点……，了解……

be active in class在课堂上很活跃

take an active part in...积极参加……

learn...by heart记住……，用心学……

work out a math problem算出一道数学题

improve oneself in...在……上取得进步

get 90 marks for (English...)(英语……)得了90分

get an “A” in the exam在考试中得“优”

have a good command of...精通……，熟练掌握……

lay a good foundation in (language study...)在(学习语言……方面)打下良好的基础

get on well with sb.与……和睦相处

like to be with students与学生打成一片，喜欢和学生在一起

be gentle with sb./be kind to sb.对……很亲近，对……很和蔼

a strict teacher一个严格的老师

be strict with one’spupils对学生严格要求

First catch your hare.首先必须捕获兔子，然后才能宰之。

be strict in work工作很严谨

We think of him(her) as...我们把他(她)当作……

help sb. with sth.帮某人做某事

praise sb. for sth.因为某事夸赞某人

blame sb. for sth.因为某事责备某人

give advice on...给某人……建议

question sb. on...问某人……问题

be satisfied with...对……满意

correct the students’ homework carefully仔细改正学生的作业

导语：无论是写作还是翻译时，只要一提到重要脑子里闪现的就是important?想表达许多第一反应就是many?同学，如果我说对了的话，那么你的词汇量还只是停留在初中水平!可是随着四六级写作和翻译这两个模块难度的不断提升，如果你不更新你的词汇量，那么你的作文肯定不会得到一个漂亮的分数。以下是小编整理英语常用褒义词替换的资料，欢迎阅读参考。

重要的 (important [pt()nt])

vital [vat()l]

【例句】She had found out some information of vital importance。

【翻译】她已经发现了一些至关重要的信息

crucial [kru()l]

【例句】It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately。

【翻译】立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。

prominent [prmnnt]

【例句】This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economic growth。

【翻译】投资的较大幅度增加，对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用。

cardinal [kɑd()n()l]

【例句】Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law。

【翻译】尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则。

优秀的 (good [gd])

excellent [eks()l()nt]

这种做法就是在列举事实论据后，从正面或反面假设分析，来揭示论据和论点之间的内在联系。

如广一模语文作文《不放下》：“回顾历史，当无尽的艰辛，黑暗的现实，被贬的挫折无情的嘲笑着他们对责任的固执坚守时，他们没有选择放下。玄奘大师，只身穿透五万里的沙漠，没有神通广大的徒弟，没有结伴而行的法师，坚定地喊出‘宁向西天一步死，不求东归半步迈’的信念??特蕾莎修女，毕生在贫民窟为穷人服务，受尽千般万般不解与嘲讽??电影《十月围城》中，十三个普通人用血肉之躯筑起中华民族的围城，靠的是对革命胜利的责任的不放下。倘若他们放下对社会对人们的责任，倘若他们选择了安逸的生活，他们的内心只能享受物质的富足，却无法享受精神的富有，退缩与放弃只会永远的拷问着他们的灵魂。??若社会仅有‘放下’的故作潇洒，却没有‘不放下’的勇敢担当，历史的潮流又怎能向前发展？”

先叙述三个正面事实论据，接着用“倘若??”“若??”两个复句，从反面假设分析，从而论证了“不放下为社会为人民做贡献的责任”这一中心论点。

1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3.A and B differ in…

4.A differs from B in…

5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…

6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…

7.A…， on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…

8.While it is generally believed that A …， I believe B…

9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…

11.The most striking difference is that A…， while B…

I prefer my English classes to betaught in both English and Chinese, whose advantage is that it is easy for usto understand what the teacher talks about. The teacher first teaches the classin English, and then she explains those that are hard to understand to us sothat we get a better knowing of the passage. That will be good for us.

However, teaching the class in twolanguages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. Some students whowish to be taught in English will be disappointed.

Except for the disadvantage, I thinkit is really good to hear two languages in classes. It can make us morefamiliar with the foreign culture.

名师指导：审题是作文的第一要素，本文的审题准确无误。无论是要点的把握还是结构的组织都证明了这一点。本文运用多种复杂句式，整体看来是不错的。文中的一个复合句式显示了作者的英语功底。其他出彩短语的使用也很地道，可以参看好句中的分析。

A proud man hath many crosses. 骄傲者挫折多。

A shy cat makes a proud mouse. 猫儿胆小耗子闹。

All is not at hand that helps. 世间没有唾手可得之事.

The exception proves the rule. 例外证明法则的存在。

No man is a hero to his valet. 在最贴身的人眼中，谁也充不了伟人。

The used key is always bright.常用的钥匙不长锈.

The sun shines upon all alike. 太阳照人，不分贵贱。

We are not born for ourselves. 人之有生,不为一已.

Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人.

True praise roots and spreads. 诚实的赞美深入人心.

Truth is the daughter of time. 真理是时间的女儿.

True friendship lasts forever. 真正的友谊恒久不变.

Shallow streams make most din. 溪浅声喧。

Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打;无往不胜.

Time and tide wait for no man. 时光如逝水,岁月不待人.

There is no joy without alloy. 世上没有十全十美的快乐。/ 金无足赤，乐无十全。

Theres no wisdom like silence. 保持沉默最聪明。

Think today and speak tomorrow. 熟思而后言.

Time is money for enterprisers. 对企业家来说,时间就是金钱.

Too many cooks spoil the broth. 厨师太多烧坏汤。

We soon believe what we desire. 心里想什么就会相信什么。

Speech is the image of actions. 语言是行动的图象。

Two wrongs do not make a right. 两个错误,加不出一个正确. /用错误改正不了错误.

What man has done,man can do. 前人能办的事,后人也能做.

Wishes never can fill a sack. 愿望装不满口袋。

He goes far that never turns. 不回头的人走得远.

He that talks much errs much. 语多必失。

He that talks much lies much. 言多必妄。

Before friends all is common. 朋友之间应不分彼此.

Far fowls have fair feathers. 远方的鸟羽毛美。/弄不到手的东西是最好的。

Eyes are as eloquent as lips. 眼睛会和嘴一样说话.

Easy and success are fellows. 从容与成功是伙伴。

Many a little makes a mickle. 积少成多;集腋成裘.

Love and cough cannot be hid. 爱情象咳嗽,压也压不住.

Life is compared to a voyage. 人生好比是一次航程.

Life is real,life is earnest. 人生真实,人生诚挚.

Time flies. 光阴似箭.

Time is life. 时间就是生命.

Times change. 时代在改变.

Time is money. 时间就是金钱.

Life is sweet. 人生是美好的.

Love is blind. 爱情是盲目的.

Extremes meet. 两极相通，有无相生。

Like knows like 人识其类。

Let well alone. 不要画蛇添足. /事已成功,不必多弄.

Marry thy like. 结婚须找同类人.

One man,no man. 个人是渺小的.

Hsitory is bunk. 历史是一堆废话。

Time marches on. 岁月如流

Murder will out. 恶行终会败露。

Never say "die. 永远不要说" 完了".

Care is no cure. 忧虑治不了病。

Beware beginning. 慎始为上。

Deeds, not words. 行动胜于空谈.

No mill, no meal. 不磨面,没饭吃.

Like begets like. 龙生龙，凤生凤。

Love begets love. 爱爱相生.

In doing we learn. 我们在干中学习.

No cross,no crown. 未经苦难,得不到荣冠.

Care killed a cat. 忧虑能杀人。

Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.

No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.

The truth will out. 真相总会大白.

Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.

To think is to see. 思考就是明白.

Truth will prevail. 真理必胜

A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。

Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.

In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.

Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.

Every little helps. 点滴都有用.

Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度，勿念旧恶。

Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.

Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.

Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.

Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.

Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.

Fair plays a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.

Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.

Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.

Whats lost is lost. 失者不可复得。

Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.

1. What is language for? Some people seem to think its for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--- the longer the words the better. Thats wrong. Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication。

语言到底是用来干什么的呢?一些人认为它是用来操练语法规则和学习一大堆单词--而且单词越长越好。这个想法是错误的。语言是用来交换思想，进行交流沟通的!

2. The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible。

学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。

3. A great man once said it is necessary to drill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become。

一位伟人曾说，反复操练是非常必要的，你越多的将所学到的东西运用到实际生活中，他们就变的越自然。

4. Learning any language takes a lot of effort. But dont give up。

学习任何语言都是需要花费很多努力，但不要放弃。

5. Relax! Be patient and enjoy yourself. Learning foreign languages should be fun。

放松点!要有耐性，并让自己快乐!学习外语应该是乐趣无穷的。

6. Rome wasnt built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hard- work will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone!

冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的学习，更加勤奋的操练，你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。

7. Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly. Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time. When you see a new word, look it up. Think about the word-- use it, in your mind, in a sentence。

经常使用字典和语法指南。随身携带一本小英文字典，当你看到一个新字时就去查阅它，想想这个字---然后去用它，在你的心中，在一个句子里。

8. Try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something think of the English word of it; then think about the word in a sentence。

一有机会就努力去用英文来思考。看到某事时，想想它的英文单词;然后把它用到一个句子中去。

9. Practice tenses as much as possible. When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms。

尽可能多的操练时态。学习一个动词的时候，要学习它的各种形态。

10. I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language. When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language。

我想学习和了解更多关于语言背后的文化知识，当你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地运用语言。

一.开头段常用提出现象句型

1. Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.

如今，在日常生活中，越来越多…被广泛…

2. In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…

近年来，…受到越来越多…的欢迎

3. Recent years have been a boom in…

近年来，出现了迅速增长。

4. Nowadays, there are many…

如今，出现了许多…

5. Nowadays,…has become a very common matter in…

如今，…已经成为在…的常见现象。

6. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…

如今，在…方面出现了上升趋势。

7. Recently…has aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.

最近，…引起了广泛关注/受到了人们的关注。

8. Most of us may have such experience that…

我们当中许多人可能都有…这种经历。

二. 开头段常用引出他人观点的句型

9. In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…

针对…现象，有人说…

10.When asked about…most people say…

当被问到…，大多数人认为…

11. When it comes to…, some people think…

关于…,有人认为…

12. Now, it is widely believed that…

现在，许多人认为…

三.开头/中间段常用引出两种不同观点的句型

13. There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…

如今社会上出现了关于…的争论。有些人认为…另一些人则声称…

14. When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.

当谈及…时，有相当一部分人认为…然而，另一些人则有不同的想法。

15. People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…

当谈及…时，人们观点不一。有人坚持认为…另有人认为…

四.开头段常用引出故事/事件句型

16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…

…点在…,当我正…的时候，我看见…

17. It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…

五.中间段常用引出优缺点/不足/影响句型

18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.

…有许多有点/好处。

19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.

正如许多事物一样，…也是既有优点又有不足的。

20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…

…会为…造成不好的影响。

21. …may give rise to/result in a number of problems.

…会导致一系列的问题。

六.中间段/结尾段常用引出原因句型

22. Why…? Three factors can explain this. First… Second…Third…

为什么…?有三个因素可以解释。首先，…其次…，第三…

23. As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…

就导致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…

七.中间/结尾段常用引出解决方法句型

24. How to…? The key words are as follows. To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …

如何…?关键措施如下。首先…其次…最后…

25. Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虚拟语气)

如果我们掌握了以下处理…的方法，如此的…可能不会…第一个方法是…第二个方法是…第三个方法是…

八.结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点的句型

26. As far as I am concerned, I agree with…

就我个人而言，我支持…

27. As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.

对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。

28. For my part, I am on the side of…

对我来所，我站在…那边。

29. As I see it, …

就我看来，…

30. From my perspective, I…

就我而言，我…

九.图表作文开头段常用引出总体趋势的句型

31. As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…

从图表可见，自…以来，…出现了极大的增长。

32. It can be seen/concludedfrom the chart that…dropped/declined/fell/reduced slightly to…

依图可见/判断，…小幅下降到了…

(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1.有一些人认为...

2.另一些人认为...

3.我的看法...

The topic of ①-(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-----理由二). Moreover, ④-------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥--(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦--(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨----(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

(2)给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①(观点一). For example, they think ②-(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-(为他们带来的好处).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-----(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-(反对的理由之二).

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥--(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).

想要顺利通过英语四级考试，相关的作文常用词汇考生们是需要进行记忆的。下面就随小编一起去阅读英语四级考试作文常用词汇，相信能带给大家帮助。

1. 认为，主张argue, maintain, hold, believe

2. 考虑take…sth. into consideration, consider, ponder, meditate, contemplate, think over, reflect on/ upon, meditate on the matter(思考这问题), ponder over

3. 下结论，断定come into conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, draw the conclusion, conclude, decide, assert(宣称)

4. 获得acquire, obtain, attain, reap

5. 赢得，取得earn, gain, procure

6. 支持，赞成approve of, in favor of, uphold, stand by ones side, agree with, give ones assent

7. 提倡advocate, recommend

8. 反对opposite, object to

9. 抵制resist

10. 意义深远的，重大的far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful(变故多的,重要的)

11. 重要的，有决定性的vital, crucial, critical, decisive

12. 充分运用optimize, make best use of, make full use of,

13. 使用employ, utilize(vt.)

14. 应用apply

15. 后来，然后 afterwards, later on, later, after all

16. 高兴的，心情好的be in a good mood, happy, cheerful, joyful, joyous, pleased, delighted

17. 当前，目前nowadays, at present, currently, presently

18. 表达voice, convey, express, deliver, communicate

19. 描绘，描述，描写depict, describe, picture

20. 勤奋的，勤勉的 diligent, studious(慎重的), industrious, assiduous

21. 认真的，谨慎的 conscientious, cautious

22. 冷静的，清醒的sober, reasonable, sensible, rational

23. 聪明的，有才智的intelligent，bright，wise，brilliant

24. 疲惫不堪的exhausted，fatigued，run-down，worn-out，weary

25. 适应be adapted to，be accustomed to，be adjusted to

26. 阻碍，阻止hinder(后面的), curb(路边), hamper, restrain, prevent, ward off, avoid

27. 好处，优点 advantage，merit，benefit

28. 坏处，缺点 disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency

29. 参加participate in, attend, take part in, go in for, engage in

30. 集中精力于 focus on, center on, concentrate on

31. 专心于 set ones mind on

32. 抽出时间做set aside, put aside, spare

33. 依赖，依靠rely on, lean on

34. 沮丧的，失意的 frustrated, discouraged, depressed, down-hearted, disheartened, low-spirited

35. 努力做，尽力做attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor(尽力) to, manage to do

36. 进步，成就，成绩advancement, achievement, accomplishment, feat, fulfillment, progress (v)

37. 志气，抱负，渴望 aspiration, ambition, yearning, thirst, long for, aspire after/ aspire to sth./ aspire to do sth.

38. 禁止ban, disallow(不接受), prohibit, forbid, ban sth./ ban sb. from doing

39. 除……之外 apart from, in addition to, along with

40. 开展，实施，做practice, carry on, conduct, perform, implement (bring into effect, put in practice.)

一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。

(一)表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。

at first 最初 for one thing?(for another)

at present 现在;当今 首先?(其次)?

currently 目前;最后 recently 最近

first(ly)第一 in general 一般说来

in the beginning 起初 one the one hand?(on the other hand)

to begin with 首先;第一 一方面?(另一方面)

first of all 首先;第一 generally speaking 一般地说

in the first place 首先;第一 on the whole 总起来说

lately 最近 to start with 首先;第一

presently 现在;此刻 now 现在

(二)有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。

after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时

after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地;当然地

after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此;结果

also/too 并且;又 for example 例如

at the same time 同时 for instance 例如

beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的

Besides/what,s more 而且;此外 from now on 从此

in addition 此外 second 第二;第二点

in addition to? 除?之外 secondly 第二

in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地

in other words 换句话说 so 所以

in particular 特别(地) soon 不久

in the same way 同样地 still 仍然

by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后

indeed 的确 third 第三;第三点

meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三

moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次

no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如

obviously 明显地 later 后来

of course当然 truly 事实上;真实地

particularly特别地 unlike ?不像??;和??不同

what is more 而且;此外

(三)有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。

after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地

all the same 依然;照样 however 然而;无论如何

anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管??;虽然??

at the same time同时;然而 luckily 幸运地

but 但是 by this time 此时

though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地

in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地

even though即使 otherwise 否则

still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地

in fact 事实上 unlike 不像??;和??不同

as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是

especially 特别地

(四)有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。

above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是

as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之

as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说

as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说;整个看来

at last 最后 therefore 因此

by and large 一般说来 thus 因此

briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说

by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之

eventually 最后 surely 无疑

finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之

in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问

in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑

in short 简而言之 truly 的确

in a word 总之 so 所以

certainly 当然地;无疑地 obviously 显然

all in all 总之

二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。

(一)表示因果关系

as a result

He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination. as a result of

He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.

accordingly

He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.

because(of)

We are delayed because of a traffic jam.

due to

His success is due to his excellent work.

owing to

Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.

thanks to

Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.

now that

Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.

so long as

You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and again.

since

Since you are here now, you,d better give a hand.

in that

The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.

so that

The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him. therefore

There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.

(二)表示解释关系

as a matter of fact

I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.

as well

I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.

frankly speaking

Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.

in this case

In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.

(三)表示推理关系

or else

Hurry up, or else you,ll be late.

otherwise

You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard. if so

If so, it will make a great difference.

一、总结句型

1) ……in general/above all/with the result that/as a

result/consequently，……

2) As far as I am concerned/as for me，……

3) This truth above seems to be self-evident.

4) Whether we examine the ……above，such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone.

5) In my point of view，I like/prefer A much more than B.

6) I still prefer A，however，for they teach me not only to be ……but also to be…… ，both in ……and in……

7) There is no doubt that……

8) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to……

9) To a large extent，……，therefore，reflects……

10) If all above mentioned measures are achieved，……

11) Wherever you are and whatever you do，……is always meaningful.

12) So clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it.

13) Now，which one do you prefer——the one……or the one……? Were it left to me to select，I should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter.

二、开首句型

1) Have you ever gone……? Have you ever been to……? If you have no experience like these，your life is an inadequate one.

2) Are you……? Are you……? We are，usually.

3) In large part as a consequence of……，somebody have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on something.

4) We expect the day will come when A with its characteristic of……

5) Being adj.is one of the virtues that people must possess (not only in……but also in……/during……/when……)

6) What A to B，that C to D

7) Currently，there is a widespread/serious concern over that……

8) The reasons for the……are manifold，for instance，……

9) Several factors contribute to this……，such as……，as for as I’m concerned，however，……is the most significant ingredient/element.

10) ……is more violent than what we thought it should be before.

11) There are intimate relations between the two.

三、并列句型

1) Some people like A due to…… However，there are many young people，including me，especially like B.

2) There might be two reasons，I think……，for the change.

3) A and B are both important，they are attribute which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.

4) Different people have different attitudes towards……，some believe that……others，however，argue that……still others maintain that……

5) First……besides，in addition……what’s more……

6) For one thing……nevertheless，for another……

四、转折句型

1)……Such defects as mentioned above can be prevented by the other way of ……

2) Except for ……’s sake only.

3) Perhaps A is the wrong word，however，B might be better.

4) First……last but not least……

5) Shall we do this? Not necessary the case.

6) ……，and vice versa indeed .

7) On the contrary，in spite of these increase……

8) Compared with A，B has many advantages such as……

9) Not so much…… as he had talked about.

10) ……，the truth of the matter，however，is that……

11) For some，the way maybe right，nevertheless，for many others……

12) As everything going to the extreme has its negative aspects，so has……

13) It is fairly well know that……however，it is less know that……

14) ……，but this was not always the case.

15) At first，……different in their opinions，on second thoughts，however，all of them agree to……

16) None the less(尽管如此)……

17) When people succeed，it is because of hard work，however，luck has a lot to do with it too.

18) ……，sometimes it isn’t totally the case，however.

19) Do some A else but B.

五、名理句型

1) It is usually the case that ……

2) It is plain common sense——the more/less……the more/less……

3) The serious reality had taught us a lesson： not being environment friendly will be avenged mercilessly.

4) As a proverb says/as is known to all/as a popular saying goes，……

5) I can think of no better illustration than an English poem/adage which goes like this：……

6) The old story of……can serve as a good illustration that……

六、强调句型

1) With/due to/spurred by……we can certainly cope with any task we are faced with，that is，……

2) The reason why……is no other than……as I know.

3) The same thing is true with……

4) What I want to point out is that，for a person who wants to be successful in life and to be useful in society，he will have to learn to be both A and B.

5) What a wonderful picture? Especially for we students always swimming in the sea of books!

6) It’s high time that immediate measures were taken to better the strength and face the challenges.

7) Before everything else，……is the secret of success.

七、图表句型

1) From the figures/statistics given in the table it can be seen/noticed that……

2) From the graph/table/diagram/chart above，we can see that……obviously.

3) As show in the chart/by the graph……

4) Have you ever anticipated the prospects of……in the coming decades? Let us just take a look at the figures of……as shown in the graph above.

5) The gap between……and……will be further widened.

6) In face of increasingly serious shortage of energy，we should take effective measures/which of the measures we should take?

7) It is clear that the increase of percentage gets greater and greater.

8) By……，the number of……had less/more than doubled/tripled compared with that of……

9) 短语：made up about……/the figure amounted to/will rise to/will reach/will double that/will tripled that

根据所举正反两方面的事例材料作对照分析,通过比较,突出阐发的事理。

请大家看一例示范：

材料：《老子?道德经》有云：“合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。”（材料句）…… ……可见，一切贵在“始”。

《老子?道德经》有云：“合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。”（材料句）“合抱之木”，不可谓不“大”；“九层之台”，不可谓不“高”；“千里之行”，不可谓不“远”。然而，这“大”“高”“远”，都是从“毫末”“累土”“足下”开始的。（正面分析）不自“毫末”，何来“合抱”？不起“累土”，哪来“九层”？不始“足下”，何以“千里”？（反面阐释）（分析句）可见，一切贵在“始”。（结论句）

同样是这则材料，我们还可以推导出“成功贵在积累’”、“大小、高矮、多少、远近等等都是辩证统一的”等结论：

《老子?道德经》有云：“合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。”（材料句）…… ……可见，成功贵在“积累”。

《老子?道德经》有云：“合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。”（材料句）“合抱之木”，不可谓不“大”；“九层之台”，不可谓不“高”；“千里之行”，不可谓不“远”。然而，这“大”“高”“远”，都是由“毫末”“累土”“足下”一点点累积而成的。（正面分析）没有“毫末”之积，何来“合抱”之大？没有“累土”之积，哪来“九层”之高？没有“足下”之积，怎至“千里”之远？（反面阐释）（分析句）可见，成功贵在“积累”。（结论句）

《老子?道德经》有云：“合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。”（材料句）…… ……可见，大小、高矮、多少、远近等等都是对立统一的。

《老子?道德经》有云：“合抱之木，生于毫末；九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。”（材料句）“合抱之木”，不可谓不“大”；“九层之台”，不可谓不“高”；“千里之行”，不可谓不“远”。然而，这“大”“高”“远”，都是由“毫末”“累土”“足下”一点点发展而来、累积而成的。这“大”“高”“远”中分别包含着“小”“矮”“近”，“小”“矮”“近”中则分别孕育着“大”“高”“远”；矛盾的双方既对立又统一，互为前提，相互依存，相辅相成，交错共生。（正面分析）没有“大”，也就无所谓“小”；没有“矮”，也就无所谓“高”；没有“远”，也就无所谓“近”……（反面论证）：可见，大小、高矮、多少、远近等等都是辩证统一的。（结论句）

四、强化训练：

1、请依据下文的开头，按照要求续写一段话。

我非常喜欢这句名言。大千世界，浩浩尘寰，庸庸碌碌过一生的人不计其数，然而久经磨练、矢志不渝，最终达到光辉顶点的人也不可胜数。缘其区别，一个重要的方面就是他们立志的高与低、远与近，也就是想“当将军”还是想“当士兵”。

在这开头中，提出了“志当存高远”的中心观点。请续写一段话分析这一观点。

2、请阅读下面材料，按照要求作文。

有谁不喜欢那葱郁的绿树？人类赖以生存的大地，绝不能缺乏绿树。绿树使大地充满了勃勃生机，为自然调节气候，给人类带来幸福。绿树为了这一切，必须深深扎根于土壤之中不断吸收水分和养料。有人曾经作过试验，一棵不大的白杨，一昼夜吸收的水分竟达到 5000克之多。

请根据上述材料，确立一个观点，然后联系现实生活，选取一个事例，写一段以事实论据加分析总结为主要内容的议论文段，字数不超过300字。