高考英语作文模范（经典20篇）

explain... to sb.向某人解释……

look upon sb. as...把某人看作……

think sb. to be...认为某人是……

take sb.’sside站在某人的立场上

would like to do...愿意做……

allow sb. to do...允许某人做……

keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事

be afraid to do/be afraid of...害怕……

feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事

insist on doing sth.坚持做某事

drive sb. off赶走某人

think highly of sb./speak highly of sb.高度评价某人

speak ill of sb.对某人评价很差

force sb. to do...逼迫某人做……

offer to do...主动做……

refuse to do...拒绝做……

agree to do...同意做……

regret doing...后悔做了……

prefer to do A rather than do B愿意做……而不愿做……

had better do...最好做……

would rather (not) do(不)愿做……

have the habit of doing...有做……的习惯

have trouble in doing...做……有困难

make up one’smind to do...下决心做……

prepare sth. for...准备好做……

give up doing...放弃……

do sth. as usual像往常一样做某事

do what he wants us to do做他要求我们做的事

set about doing...开始做……

try one’sbest to do...=go all out to do...全力以赴做……

get into trouble遇到困难

help sb. out帮某人的忙

wait for sb. to do...等某人做……

find a way to do...发现做……的方法

make friends with sb.与某人交朋友

show(tell) sb. how to do...告诉某人怎么做……

take(send) sb. to...带(派)某人去……

I’m trying to find...我尽力找到……

It is dogged (that) does it.天下无难事,只怕有心人。

I’m afraid we are out of...恐怕……用完了

feel a little excited about doing...因做……感到兴奋

2013高考英语作文评分标准

1 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次 的 要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3 词数少于 80和多于 120的，从总分中减去2分。

4 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准 确性、上下文的连贯性。

5 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程 度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。

6 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

各档次的给分范围和要求

Ⅰ. 第五档(很好)；(21-25分)：

完全完成了试题规定的任务

⑴ 覆盖所有内容要点

⑵ 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，

⑶ 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力，

⑷有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑 ， 完全达到了预期的写作目的 Ⅱ. 第四档(好)：(16-20分)

完全完成了试题规定的任务

⑴虽漏掉1、2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容

⑵应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求

⑶语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致 ⑷应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑 达到了预期的写作目的

Ⅲ. 第三档(适当)：(11-15分)

基本完成了试题规定的任务

⑴虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容

⑵应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求

⑶有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解

⑷应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯 整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的Ⅳ. 第二档(较差)：(6-10分)

未恰当完成试题规定的任务

⑴ 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容

⑵语法结构单调、词汇项目有限

⑶ 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解

⑷较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性 信息未能清楚地传达给读者

Ⅴ. 第一档(差)：(1-5分)

未完成试题规定的任务

⑴明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求

⑵语法结构单调、词汇项目有限

⑶较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解 ⑷缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯 信息未能传达给读者。

Ⅵ. 不得分：（0分） ⑴ 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要

求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。

三点关键定档因素(不跑题是前提)

词汇多样性

语法复杂性

文章连贯性

书面表达的五项秘诀：

审题，遣词，造句，润色，谋篇

既然知道了这些关键因素和高分秘诀，我们要如何从这些方面入手呢审题的概念

拿到试卷后，首先浏览书面表达的题目，研究题目要求。正确的审题内容包括A、审标题B、审体裁C、审要点。审标题：看文章是否要求有题目(title)或者主题(topic)能够确保你不跑题;审体裁：确能够定文章的文体，为你写作提供方向。审要点：如果英语作文中，有要求要点的，一般打分时是踩点给分的，准确把握住要点，是高分的一个诀窍。

如何审要点要做到以下两个方面：

总结归纳要点：不是所有内容都要写出来，而是抓住其中的关键要点、衔接要点!

理顺要点：将提炼的要点按逻辑关系(如时间关系、因果关系、转折关系等)重新安排，这样整篇文章看起来就整体有序，流畅自然，更加容易打动评分老师，从而作文分数提升一档。

构思文章提纲：根据题目的要点，安排好段落和主次关系。要形成良好的分段意识，写作分段是必须要进行的(2至4段为佳)，这样显得文章不会拥挤并且层次分明。在行文意识上，要注意突出要点。

遣词的注意点

不出现语言错误

词语和短语搭配

适度使用加分词汇

避免词语重复

注意词语和短语搭配使用

可以适度的使用加分词句：高级词、同义词、短语等替代

造句的原则

表达意思要清楚无误。

多种表达方式表达相同含义

避免句式单调(简单句，并列句，复合句等适度调整)

表达意思清楚无误：具体化，细节化

可以用形象思维来表达(什么叫形象思维比如说你朗读的“很好听”，用“抑扬顿挫”来表达就是形象思维)

谋篇的攻略

注意分段、详略搭配、注意连贯

行文时多用关联词、引导词，把文章句子通过各种关系整合起来，达到起承转合，运用自如的目的，从而获取高分。

具体的连接关系有：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、列举关系、条件关系、举例关系、时间关系等。

2015年高考英语全国I卷

写作阅卷评分标准及各档次作文示例

——领会高考阅卷要求，有效指导学生高考写作备考

【作文题】假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：

1.栏目介绍;

2. 稿件内容;

3. 稿件长度：约 400 词;

4. 交稿日期：6 月 28 日前。

注意： 1. 词数 100 左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3. 开头语已为你写好。

Dear Peter,

I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2015年普通高考评卷英语作文评分标准

评分总则：

1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定是否达到及格线（15分），然后确定其所属的具体档次，以该档次的要求来衡量，最后给分。其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3、词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。

4、评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。

5、若缺少要点，分数降一档处理。

6、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

7、书写较差以至于影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次。 评分细则：

优秀（22--25）：紧扣主题，覆盖所有要点，内容充实；语法结构多样，词汇丰富，行文流畅，显示出较强的语言运用能力，允许有个别语言错误，但不影响意思表达。

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！

洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程： /（报名网址）

高考英语作文热门话题——运动会

高中阶段，小编最喜欢的除了放假就是学校开运动会了，因为可以我们可以玩三天！而且还是高质量的玩法。那假如让我写一篇关于体育运动或者运动会的文章呢？呃，这个……让我看看……

Last month we had a sports meeting. Though the weather wasnt very fine that day, the students were all very excited and the whole school was alive.This time, I was even more excited.

上个月，我们学校开了运动会。虽然那天天气并不是非常好，但是同学们都非常兴奋，整个学校一片欢乐的气氛，我更是激动的要命。

Because I went in for the sports meeting and my item was high jump. I didnt want to get any place, I only wanted to enjoy the game because I knew I wasnt good at sports. Joozone.com.

因为我参加了运动会，并且我的项目是跳高。因为我并不擅长于运动，所以我没有想过要取得名次，只想好好的享受比赛。

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When I got to the field with my friend. I was both excited and nervous. When I saw the first height, my heart could hardly heat.

当我和朋友们走进赛区时。我又激动又紧张。当我看到第一个高度时，我的心都快跳爆了。

How high it was! It was higher than our desks. I couldnt believe my eyes. This was too high for me to jump over. I wasnt nervous at that time, while I was a bit afraid. But I had gone there, I must have a try.

好高啊! 比我们课桌都高一大截。我简直不能相信我的眼睛。这让我跳过去，简直太高了。我那时已经不是紧张不安了，取而代之的是害怕。但是我都到这里了，我必须得尝试一下。

Not long after, the game began. The first person was great. He jumped over easily. I was too surprised to say a word. The second was good, too. The third nearly jumped over, but he wasnt bad…

不一会儿，比赛开始了。第一个运动员做的非常好，很容易就跳过去了。我简直惊呆了。第二个也一样顺利完成。第三个刚好越过，但是他不是最差的一个……

It was my turn. I had a deep breath and then ran towards. In front of the pole, I began to 洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩，是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英

jump. Oh, no! My right foot hit the pole. “I failed.” I thought. And then, another unlucky thing happened.

轮到我了。我深呼一口气跑过去。在杆子前面，我开始跃起。噢，不!我的右脚碰到了杆子。我觉得“我失败了”。但是接下来，更糟糕的事发生了。

I didnt stand firm and I tumbled. I hurt my back badly. At that moment I felt my back was broken. It was too painful. It seemed that the people around field all didnt know that, they only laughed at my foolish posture.

我没有站稳，摔倒了。我的背狠狠的摔了一下。那时我感觉我的背摔坏了。太疼了。我周围的人似乎都不知道发生了什么，他们只是一个劲的笑我愚蠢的姿态。

After a very short rest, I stood up.

休息了一会后，我站了起来。

I push my pain back and then went out of the field with my red face. My friend hurried to come to me. He asked me if this was terrible. I was too pained with my back to answer his questions. I only shook my head. I was sad. Not only I had hurt my back but also I couldnt go on in the game. I had to see the others jump and wish them to get a 洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩，是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英

good place.

我揉揉我疼痛的背红着脸走出了比赛区域。我的朋友跑过来。他问我是否严重。我强忍背部疼痛回答了他的问题。我只摇头。我很沮丧。不仅仅是摔坏了背，更主要的是我不能再继续参加比赛了。我只能观看其他人的比赛，并祝福他们得到一个好名次。

Though I didnt have the whole game. I was still very happy. Because a lot of my

classmates tried their best in the game and they got a lot of good places. They were all best in my eyes. I was thankful to them for doing their best for our class.

虽然我没有能完成比赛。但我依旧很高兴。因为我的同学们都尽其所能的完成比赛，并且都取得了很好的成绩。他们在我眼里是最棒的。我很感谢他们能为班级做出这么大的贡献。

现在工作了，运动的时间也越来越少了。但是小编还是建议大家每天都要想办法运动一下哦！啥？不知道怎么运动？我们的免费英语站上有方法哦！

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As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. In some places we cant see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Bird there is less and less fresh water in the world.Some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment. But what can we do? How to protect our environment? For example, we can go to school on foot or by bike instead of taking a car. We had better use shopping bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. We should use both sides of the paper when we write. Dot use paper cups. At our school dinning room, use our own bowls and chopsticks instead of disposable ones. We can reuse the water and save the electricity.In a word, if everyone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less pollution and our life will be better.

"There is only one earth", I hope everyone will protect our environment well.

我们都知道,我们周围的环境变得越来越糟。在一些地方,我们不能看到鱼在河里游泳或树木在山上。鸟有越来越少的淡水。一些人甚至没有干净的水喝。所以我认为我们必须做些事情来保护环境。但我们能做些什么呢?如何保护我们的环境?例如,我们可以步行去学校或骑自行车而不是汽车。我们最好使用购物袋而不是塑料袋当我们去购物。我们应该使用纸的两边,当我们写。不使用纸杯。在我们学校餐厅,用我们自己的碗和筷子而不是一次性的。我们可以重复使用水和节省电力。总之,如果每个人都更加关注我们的环境,将会有更少的污染和我们的生活将会更好。

“只有一个地球”,我希望每个人都能保护我们的环境好。

纵观历年的高考书面表达，其文体题材各异，有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等，不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构，将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确，逻辑合理地表达出来。

篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用，同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明，逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息;而叙述顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水，不知所云何物。当然，后者是失败的表达，即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型，混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。

记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。

记叙文的写作要素：

1 要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who ,how，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。

2. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，从而理解文章主题。

3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时。

记叙文的篇章结构：

开头 the beginning——交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。

中间 the middle——交待故事情节(事情的主体)。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。(可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯。 如：at first…then…few minutes later…)

结尾 the ending——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。(所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系，起到扣题或点题的作用，使文章结构紧凑)。

例如NEMT2000

假设你是李华，正在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。

注意：1. 目击者应该准确报告事实

2. 词数100左右

3. 结尾已为你写好

一、引出开头

1. It is well-known to us that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

我们都知道知识在我们生活中扮演重要的角色。

2. Nowadays,the problem of the air pollution has been brought into focus.

如今，空气污染问题引起了关注。(***成为人们瞩目的焦点)

3. Nowadays,the Internet has been playing an important role in our everyday life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has also brought some problems.

如今,互联网已在我们生活中扮演越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处，但也产生了一些问题。

4. With the development of our society，more and more people believe that knowledge is very important.

随着社会的发展，越来越多的人认为知识很重要。

5. A lot of people think that knowledge is very necessary.

很多人认为知识很必要。

6. Peoples opinions about the Internet are different. Some think that it can bring a lot of benefits. However, others think that it dose harm to our health.

人们对互联网的观点各有不同，有些人认为互联网给我们带来了很多益处，然而，其他人却认为他对我们有害。

7. Everything has two sides and the Internet is not an exception ,it has both advantage and disadvantage.

每个硬币都有两面，互联网也不例外，它既有优点有与缺点。

8. Human beings are facing a big problem ,the air pollution ,which is becoming more and more serious.

人类正面临一个严重的问题，大气污染，这个问题变得越来越严重。

9. On the contrary，there are some people think it not useful.

相反，有一些人认为它没有用。

二、重要句子

1. It is time that we should take measures to solve this problem.(虚拟语气)

该是我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。

2. Only in this way can we solve this problem.(倒装)

只有这种办法才能解决这个问题。

3. If we dont take measures, the problem wont be solved.

如果我们不采取措施，问题将不能被解决。

4. There are many reasons for this problems.Firstly,****.Secondly,****.Last but not least,****.

这一现象存在有很多原因。第一，***。第二，***。最后但也是最重要的是，***。

5. On the one hand,……On the other hand,

……一方面……另一方面……:

6. The best way to solve the problem is that……

解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

7. It has the following advantages.它有如下优点。

8. It has more disadvantages than advantages.

他有很多不足之处。(他的缺点多于优点)

9. We should try our best to overcome the difficulties.

我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难。

10. We should solve the problems that we are faced with.

我们应该解决我们面临的困难。

11. It has increased/decreased from…to…

他已经从…增加/减少到…

12. No one can deny the fact that the Internet is very useful.

没人能否认这个事实:互联网很有用。

13. I prefer to read ,rather than watch TV.

与看你电视相比我更喜欢阅读。

14. As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.

作为一个学生，我非常赞成这个观点。

15. For example,some parents think that many students become addicted to the Internet.

例如，一些家长认为学生沉迷于网络。

三、万能结尾

1. All in all, it can be said that the Internet is very important.

总之，他的意思是互联网很重要。

2. Taking all these factors into consideration, we can come to the conclusion that……

把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……

3. As a result,it is not difficult to come to the conclusion that...

因此，我们不难得出结论……

4. As far as I am concerned that we cant live without the Internet .

就我而言，我们的生活不能没有互联网。

5. There is no doubt that the Internet is very useful for people.

毫无疑问互联网对人们非常有用。

6. However，we also try to use it in a right way , not waste a lot of time in it .

然而，我们也应该尝试正确的方式运用它，切记不要浪费过多时间在它上面。

7. The reason why the Internet is very necessary is that it is useful .

互联网很必要的原因是它很实用。

英语作文模板

模板1. 信的格式

Dear Li,

Glad to receive your letter .*******

******

Looking forward to receiving your letter.

Yours

Jim

模板2. 观点对比

Nowadays,the Internet has been playing an important role in our everyday life. There are two sides of opinion about it.Some students say … is their favorite. They think that… (理由一).What’s more, …(理由二).Moreover, … (理由三)

However, others think that… is a better choice. There are three reasons. (然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由) Firstly, … (第一). Secondly, ...(第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)

As far as I am concerned that cant live without the Internet .The reason why ...is that…(……的原因是……)

模板3. 好处与坏处的对比

Nowadays,the Internet has been playing an important role in our everyday life. There are many advantages in it. Firstly, … (第一). Secondly, ...(第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)

However, everything has two sides and the Internet is not an exception ,it has both advantage and disadvantage.There’re some disadvantages. …. (之一). What’s more, ….(之二). Moreover, …. (之三)

As far as I am concerned that it has more disadvantages than advantages.(依我看，它有更多好处多于坏处)… However，we also try to use it in a right way , not waste a lot of time in it .

模板4. 问题与建议

Nowadays,human beings are facing a big problem ,the air pollution ,which is becoming more and more serious.(如今，人类面临一个问题，空气污染，这个问题变得越来越严峻).There are many reasons for this problems. For example,....

It is time that we should take measures to solve this problem.Firstly, … (第一). Secondly, ...(第二)Last but not least, …(最后也是最重要的是)

As far as I am concerned that solve these problems are very necessary.(就我而言，解决这些问题非常必要)。。。Only in this way can we solve this problem.

需记忆的词组及单词

well-known 众所周知 important 重要的 pollution 污染

focus 面对 benefit 益处 development 发展

society 社会 knowledge 知识 necessary 必要的

opinion 观点 harm 危害 exception 例外

advantage 优点 disadvantage 缺点 serious严峻的

measures 措施 solve 解决 overcome 克服

increase 增加 decrease减少 deny 否认

prefer 喜欢 example 例子 addicted 沉迷

useful 有用的

play an important role in our life在生活中扮演重要角色

with the development of our society 随着社会的发展

bring a lot of benefits 带来很多益处

everything has two sides 任何事物都具有两面性

Become more and more serious 变得越来越严峻

on the contrary 相反 take measures 采取措施

solve this problem 解决这个问题

the best way to 最好的方法

overcome the difficulties 克服困难

be faced with 面对

No one can deny the fact that 没有人能够否认这个事实。。。

in favour of 赞同 支持 For example 例如

become addicted to the Internet 沉迷于网络 All in all 总之

come to the conclusion 得出结论

As far as I am concerned that 就我而言

There is no doubt that 毫无疑问

in a right way 正确的方法

waste a lot of time 浪费时间

internet slang be prohibited (互联网俚语应该被禁止……)

目前，一些诸如gg, mm, xia mi 等网络语言在青少年中极为盛行，并且出现在家庭作业报告，甚至全国入学考试的作文中。请你以 “should internet slang be prohibited (禁止)?”为题，根据下表内容用英语写一篇短文，并谈谈你自己的看法。

一些同学认为网络语言生动、时尚，网络语言充满幽默与智慧，使网上聊天更快捷。

另一些同学认为，网络语言缺乏思想性，没有被大部分人理解、接受，过多使用使人不解，甚至误解。

你的看法?

注意：

1. 短文开头已经给出，不计入总词数;

2. 词数：100左右

3. 参考词汇：生动的vivid;智慧intelligence

should internet slang be prohibited?

at present, internet slang, such as “gg, mm, xia mi”， has become popular among the teenagers.

there are different opinions on internet slang. some students think internet slang is vivid, fashionable and full of humor and intelligence. besides, it makes chatting on the internet quicker.

however, some other students think internet slang lacks depth of thought and is too simple. also, it is hard to understand and not accepted by most people. the words sometimes might make people confused, even resulting in misunderstanding.

every coin has two sides. in my opinion, living in the information age, if we don’t know the internet slang, we seem to fall behind the times. it will be ok as long as these terms are used correctly in proper situations.

导语：英国是欧洲西北部的一个国家，也是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国最大和人口最多的组成国。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

England is a nation in northwest Europe and the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total population of the United Kingdom, whilst the mainland territory of England occupies most of the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. Elsewhere, it is bordered by the North Sea, Irish Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and English Channel.

England was formed as a country during the 10th century and takes its name from the Angles — one of a number of Germanic tribes who settled in the territory during the 5th and 6th centuries. The capital city of England is London, which is the largest city in the British Isles, capital of the United Kingdom and one of the worlds Global Cities.

England ranks as one of the most influential and far-reaching centres of cultural development in the world;it is the place of origin of both the English language and the Church of England, was the historic centre of the British Empire, and the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.

The Kingdom of England was an independent state until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Englands National Day is St Georges Day (Saint George being the patron saint), and it is celebrated annually on 23 April.

【参考译文】

英国是欧洲西北部的一个国家，也是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国最大和人口最多的组成国。它的居民占英国总人口的83%以上，而英国大陆的领土则占大不列颠岛南部的三分之二，与苏格兰接壤，北面与威尔士接壤。在其他地方，它与北海、爱尔兰海、大西洋和英吉利海峡接壤。

十世纪，英国形成了一个国家，并以盎格鲁人的名字命名，这是一个日耳曼部落中的一个，他们在第五和第六世纪定居于该领土。英国的首都是伦敦，它是不列颠群岛中最大的城市，是英国的首都，也是世界城市之一。

英国是世界上最具影响力和影响深远的文化发展中心之一，是英国语言和英国教会的发源地，是大英帝国的历史中心，也是工业革命的发祥地。

英国王国是一个独立的国家，直到1707年5月1日，当时的联邦行动导致了与苏格兰王国的政治联盟，建立了大不列颠王国。

英国的国庆节是圣乔治纪念日(圣·乔治是守护神)，每年4月23日庆祝。

英语写作只要掌握了一定的句型与词量，要写出好作文并不难，下面是语文迷为大家整理的八类写作句型，供大家参考。

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is/am/are concerned 就……而言

例如：就我而言 As far as I am concerned

2.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

3.As the proverb says，... 正如谚语所说的，......

4.It has to be noticed that... 必须注意到......

5.Its generally recognized that... 普遍认为......

6.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为......

7.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

8.Theres no denying the fact that... 毫无疑问，无可否认......

9.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比......更重要。

10.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…...

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是......

2.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，... 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

3.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…...

4.In spite of the fact that... 尽管......

5.Further, we hold the opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，......

6..However , the difficulty lies in... 然而，困难在于…...

7.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意......

8.As it has been mentioned above... 正如上面所提到的…

9.In this respect,... 从这个角度上,......

10.However, 然而, ...…

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…...

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... 因此，我们有理由相信…...

3.All things considered= In a word=In conclusion 总而言之

4.It may be safely said that... 它可以有把握地说......

5.Therefore, in my opinion,... 因此，在我看来，......

6.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论...…

7.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that… 通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

8.It can be concluded from the discussion that... 从讨论中我们可以得出......的结论

9.From my point of view, it would be better if... 在我看来，如果……也许更好

四.举例句型

1.Here is one more example.这里有不止一个例子.

2.Take… for example. 就拿……为例子

五.常用于引言段的句型

1.Some people think that… 有些人认为…...

2.To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

3. I believe the statement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…...

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that... 我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法.

5. Along with the development of…, more and more... 随着……的发展，越来越多的...…

6.It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that… 通常认为…...

7. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型

1. A is completely different from B. A和B完全不同。

2 The difference between A and B is/lies in... A和B不同的地方是......

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 对于......有几个原因，但一般，可以归结为三个主要原因。

2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

3. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

4.The reasons are as follows. 理由如下。

八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

2. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

3. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

I have a good friends with me was like peas and carrots. He has a frame with watermelon head, small eyes emit bright light. Dont know how to contain the small mind wisdom. He has a problem to ask what comes next.

Remember once the class, I look for him to play. I found him watching attentively book, pen in hand waving, "brush" to calculate with the math problem. I was standing beside him without saying a word. Suddenly stopped his pen, frown mouth whispered read aloud: "the problem is how to calculate?" I saw him puzzle over, he put his head in the past, see what puzzled him. After I watched, just know he was stumped by a word to. I will discuss with him. The bell rang, we havent get a complete answer. So I persuaded him to give up, he is not willing to, against my way: "it was only a success, I must get him." Get ready for class I went back to his seat. The class was over, he and run on the platform, and the teacher dont know what talking about vigorous. I will go up gaps. Originally, he discussed the problem with the teacher. Finally, the teacher gave him a right answer, and gave him a detailed explanation. I have benefited a lot from his perseverance. I secretly in a side a thumbs-up for him.

He more than perseverance is worth me to learn, he the indomitable spirit is worth me to learn.

School, the teacher had a diagnostic test to us. Achievement hair down, I is the first in the class, he places under me. He defy spirit said to me: "next time I must test more than you." As a result, things, as he says, he allowed just two runs more than me, it was all his efforts. Pass the exam, which made me more respect than before him.

This is what I admire most and best friend.

我有一位与我形影不离的好朋友。他有一个瓜子脸，留着西瓜头，小小的眼睛里散发出聪敏的光芒。小脑袋里不知道蕴藏着多少智慧。他有着一种遇到问题要打破沙锅问到底的劲。

记得有一次下课，我找他去玩。我发现他正全神贯注地看着书，手里的笔“刷刷”的挥动着，算着一道道数学题。我在他旁边一声不吭的站着。忽然只见他的笔停住了，皱起眉头嘴里小声的念着：“这道题该怎么算呢?”我见他百思不得其解的样子，便把脑袋凑过去，看看是什么难住了他。我看了之后，才知道他被一道应用题给难住了。我就和他讨论起来。上课铃响了，我们还没得到一个完整的答案。我于是劝他放弃，他不愿意，反驳我道：“这只差一点就成功了，我一定要把他算出来。”我回到座位上准备上课。下课了，只见他一溜烟的跑上讲台，和老师轰轰烈烈地不知道在谈些什么。我便上去凑热闹。原来，他在和老师讨论那道题。最后，老师给了他一个正确的答案，并给了他做了详细的解释。他那种坚持不懈的精神使我受益匪浅。我在一旁暗暗地为他竖起大拇指。

他不止坚持不懈的精神值得我学习，他那种不服输的精神也值得我学习。

开学的时候，老师对我们进行了一次摸底考试。成绩发下来后，我是全班第一，他的名次在我之下。他不服气的对我说：“我下次一定考比你多的。”结果，事情正如他所说，他比我多了两分，那全是他努力的成果。通过这次考试，使我比以前更加敬佩他了。

这就是我最敬佩和最好的朋友。

1、先生们，女士们，请注意!

Ladies and gentlemen,attention please!

2、我有重要的事告诉你们。

I have something important to tell you.

3、今天下午3点在图书馆有一个讲座。

We are going to have a lecture in the library at 3:00 this afternoon.

4、演讲者是一个美国教授。

The speaker will bean American professor.

5、他将谈论空气污染的问题。

He will talk about air pollution.

6、请大家按时到场。

Please be there on time.

7、我要说的就这些，谢谢!

That’s all. Thank you!

8、你最近怎么样?

How have you been recently?

9、我写信是要告诉你一个好消息。

I am writing to tell you a piece of good news.

10、希望早日收到你的回复。

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Dear David,

Im glad youll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. Its difficult for you because its quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. Its also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practise your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. Im sure youll learn Chinese well.

Hope to see you soon in Beijing.

Yours,

Wang Ming

【翻译】

亲爱的大卫，

我很高兴你会来北京学习中文。中国是非常有益的，许多外国人正在学习，现在。这很难为你，因为它是相当的英语不同。你要记住尽可能多的中国话。同样重要的是做一些阅读和写作。你可以看电视，听广播练习你的听力。你最好不要谈论与中国人民。你可以学习汉语，不仅从书本上，而且从你周围的人。如果您有任何问题，请问我。我敢肯定你会学好中文。

希望能尽快看到你在北京。

此致，

王明

[高考满分英语作文附翻译

Grain rain, that is, in the spring, this time we are most likely to lack of vitamin B2 and vitamin C, sometimes we often thirsty, cigarettes and corners of the mouth foaming. We should eat more of these symptoms of yellow bean sprouts. Have nourish Yin nourishing the stomach, the effect such as antibacterial anti-inflammatory, qingrejiedu, as long as the appropriate not only can prevent these symptoms can also lay a good foundation for the in order to improve physical fitness, etc.

Grain rain season eat cedar is the most appropriate. In the grain rain season, cedar taste is very good, is also very high nutritional value. Especially at the time of incense ChunYa is more suitable for eating ChunYa contains abundant sugar, protein, fat, carotene, and a lot of vitamin C and other rich nutrition. We after eating more enhance human immunity. (need to explain to everybody here is higher nitrate is contained in cedar, so as far as possible before eating cooked in boiling water after eating).

Grain rain also suitable for consumption before and after some food can ease the mental stress and regulate mood. Eat more a few contain the food with vitamin B group is more to improve the depression has obvious effect.

When grain rain we also should eat more vegetables. Gu yu, according to traditional Chinese medicine, want to take time to recuperate liver blood. Begin to understand in the eye, liver blood is insufficient, cant go to note in the eyes and see things not clear, or diseases with ease hot, on the one leader is dizzy. At this time of the diet points on liver, nourishing liver clear. And vegetables is one of the best choice.

谷雨也就是春天，这个时候我们最容易缺的是维生素B2和维生素C，我们有时常常口干舌燥，上火，嘴角起泡。对于这些症状我们应该多吃一些黄豆芽。具有滋阴养胃、抗菌消炎、清热解毒等功效，只要适当的话不仅可以预防这些症状还可以为提高体质等打下良好的基础。

谷雨时节吃香椿是最合适的。在谷雨时节，香椿的口感非常好，营养价值也非常高。尤其在那个时候的香椿芽是更为适合食用的，椿芽中含有丰富的糖、蛋白质、脂肪、胡萝卜素和大量的维生素C等多种丰富的营养。我们在食用后更有提高人体免疫力等功效。(在这里需要向大家说明的一点是香椿中含有较高的硝酸盐，所以在食用前尽量用沸水煮了以后在食用)。

谷雨前后还适宜食用一些能够缓解精神压力和调节情绪的食物。多吃一些含B族维生素较多的食物对改善抑郁症有明显的效果。

在谷雨的时候我们还应该多吃一些蔬菜。谷雨，按照中医的说法，要抓紧时机调理肝血。肝开窍于目，肝血不足，不能上注于目而视物不清，或肝气郁结化热，上扰头目则头晕目眩。此时的食疗要点重在养肝清肝、滋养明目。而蔬菜绝对是最好的选择之一。

like...best最喜欢……

be good at.../do well in...擅长于……

be poor at.../be weak in...在……(方面)不好

make progress in...在……上取得进步

fail to do...在……上失败

succeed in...在……上成功

be tired of...厌倦……

pass the examination通过考试，考试及格

give sb. a passing grade给某人及格分

major in history主修历史

sb. has the best record in school某人的成绩最棒

get a doctor’sdegree获得博士学位

...be more interesting to sb.……对某人更具吸引力

learn about...知道一点……，了解……

be active in class在课堂上很活跃

take an active part in...积极参加……

learn...by heart记住……，用心学……

work out a math problem算出一道数学题

improve oneself in...在……上取得进步

get 90 marks for (English...)(英语……)得了90分

get an “A” in the exam在考试中得“优”

have a good command of...精通……，熟练掌握……

lay a good foundation in (language study...)在(学习语言……方面)打下良好的基础

get on well with sb.与……和睦相处

like to be with students与学生打成一片，喜欢和学生在一起

be gentle with sb./be kind to sb.对……很亲近，对……很和蔼

a strict teacher一个严格的老师

be strict with one’spupils对学生严格要求

First catch your hare.首先必须捕获兔子，然后才能宰之。

be strict in work工作很严谨

We think of him(her) as...我们把他(她)当作……

help sb. with sth.帮某人做某事

praise sb. for sth.因为某事夸赞某人

blame sb. for sth.因为某事责备某人

give advice on...给某人……建议

question sb. on...问某人……问题

be satisfied with...对……满意

correct the students’ homework carefully仔细改正学生的作业

Transportation during the Spring Festival, called chunyun in Chinese, is an annual test on Chinas transportation systems.

The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year, which falls in late January or early February according to Gregorian calendar, is the most important festival for the Chinese as it is an occasion for reunions with family and friends.

Particularly, people hope to return home from work or study to have a reunion dinner with families on the Lunar New Years Eve.

Hundreds of millions of Chinese people are on journey as the Spring Festival travel season begins. Therefore, Chunyun has created enormous pressure on Chinas transportation sector.

The Ministry of Railway and the National Development and Reform Commission usually issue circulars during the period, demanding that coordination mechanisms be established among transportation departments, different localities and police, and that countermeasures be made in place in case of emergencies to ensure efficiency and a complete success during the peak travel season.

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

5.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四.举例句型

1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of….

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows.

八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

1、他们雇了一个叫汤姆的人。

They hired a person named Tom.

2、他高个子，大眼睛。

He is a tall man with big eyes.

3、他擅长英语。

He is good at English.

4、他闲暇时经常听音乐。

He usually listens to music in his spare time.

5、他的爱好是篮球。

Basketball is his hobby.

6、他毕业于第八中学。

He graduated from No. 8 Middle School.

7、他曾获英语竞赛第一名。

He once got the first place in the English competition.

8、他友善并且随和。

He is kind and easy-going.

9、他经常帮我们学英语。

He often helps us with our English.

10、他被认为是最好的学生之一。

He is regarded as one of the best students.

导语：我的家里每天都有欢笑声，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

In my big family, there are six members. They are my grandfather, my grandmother, my father, my mother, my little brother and I. We live together happily.

My grandfather and grandmother are in their seventies. My grandfather has something wrong with his heart, while my grandmother is in good health. Last summer, I taught her to play chess. She was so intrested in it that I had to play with her all day on weekends!

My father is a doctor and my mother is a middle school teacher. They are all very busy and hard-working. Although sometimes they disagree with each other, they respect each other.

My little brother is only two years old. He is very lovely. He has a round face and two big black eyes. There are two dimples on his cheeks when he smiles just like me. I often can’t help kissing him. Sometimes he is very naughty. When I don’t want to get up in the morning, he comes to pinch my ear to wake me, and runs away quickly when I open my eyes angrily.

What a harmonious family we have! I love my family forever!

【参考译文】

在我的大家庭里，有六个成员。他们是我的爷爷，奶奶，爸爸，妈妈，弟弟和我。

我爷爷和奶奶七十多岁了。我爷爷的心脏有点问题，而我的祖母身体很好。去年夏天，我教她下棋。她很感兴趣，我只好跟她玩一整天在周末!

我父亲是医生，我母亲是中学教师。他们都很忙，工作很努力。虽然有时他们意见不一致，但他们彼此尊重。

我的弟弟只有2岁。他非常可爱。他有一张圆圆的脸和两只大大的黑眼睛。他的脸上有两个酒窝，他笑得跟我一样。我常常忍不住吻他。有时他很调皮。当我早上不想起床时，他会来抓我的耳朵叫醒我，当我愤怒地睁开眼睛时，我很快就跑开了。

我们的家庭和睦和睦!我永远爱我的家人!

课文中的经典句子，又是精华中的精华，背熟之后对你的写作语法有很大的帮助。下面来看看小编为大家带来的英语课文经典句子吧，希望对你有帮助。

1、 Flora,whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.

2、 Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.

3、 The garden that was once so beautiful was completely destroyed, swept away by the wild water.

4、 I found some photos of interesting places which were not too far away from Chengdu.

5、 He told me that I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, which wasn’t too expensive.

6、 First,we went to Leshan, where we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha.

7、 Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small.

8、 Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha.

9、 Steven Spielberg, whose mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946 in a small town in America.

10、 In 1959 Spielberg won a prize for a film which he made when he was thirteen years old.

11、 The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.

12、 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.

13、 This was the moment when Spieberg’s career really took off.

14、 I hate hiking and Im not into classical music.

15、 I surf the Internet all the time and I like playing computer games.

16、 Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.

17、 When are you off to Guangzhou?

18、 My plane leaves at seven, so I think we’ll take a taxi.

19、 See you when I get back.

20、 The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.

21、 Now ,the water, which was cold as ice and flowed faster than a river, was above her knees.

22、 Jeff and Flora looked into each other’s face with a look of fright.

23、 Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.

24、 One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.

25、 He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.

26、 Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about.

27、 When he makes friends with Wilson, he understand that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.

28、 The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.

29、 I found the bathroom, but I didn’t find what I was looking for.

30、 Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back.

31、 There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.

32、 In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.

33、 In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.

34、 In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.

35、 With so many people communicating in English every day ,it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

36、 For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.

37、 In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess “(meaning “I think”),just as the British did 300 years ago.

38、 At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages ,ending up with different words.

39、 Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.

40、 However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

41、 Many people travel because they want to see other countries and visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful.

42、 Many of today’s travelers are looking for an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming more and more popular.

43、 Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.

44、 Hiking is fun and exciting, but you shouldn’t forget safety.

45、 A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams.

46、 If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks.

47、 The name “whitewater “comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.

Han, also known as the Chinese family is the main part of the Chinese nation, for the ancient tribes and culture, descendants of the tribe or Chinese people. The han nationality or a in history has never been interrupted, long, also is the worlds most populous nation.

According to the pre-qin literature records and xia, shang and Zhou Li scope, the ancient ancestors of the han nationality can be generally up long mountain, mount tai in the east and west of Huang Hezhong, downstream for activity area; Are mainly distributed in the area of yangshao culture and longshan culture of these two types of neolithic culture, as the pioneers of the han Chinese ancient cultural relics. The two civilization as the representative of the circle of Chinese civilization.

For the ancestors of the han emperor and yan emperor in the central plains tribe alliance leader and an outbreak of e. springs, yan emperor tribes, incorporated into the huangdi tribe, yanhuang alliance into shape. Later, they defeated here in integration involved problems.the zhuolu war nine li group leader human-god, expand the coalition forces to todays shandong province. And then to yan tribes and huangdi tribe as the main body, and formed a larger part of shandong province here tribe of huaxia tribal alliance, huaxia basic fixed source. Before the 2100-2100 BC in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River descendants of the yellow emperor group has established the xia dynasty, shang dynasty and zhou dynasty.

In 221, before the qin dynasty unified China, huaxia clan from division to unity again. Han the pre-qin period claimed to China, from the beginning of the han dynasty and gradually appear "han" claim. Therefore, huaxia clan has another name: han. But the original title "huaxia" did not disappear, but with the name "han" used together ever since.

According to genetic research compare migration history record of fudan university, the expansion of the han nationality is mainly from north to south in the history of the mobile population. Before the jin han are mainly distributed in the north, and later due to factors such as always fine the disorderly moves southward migration, migrating south han and gene with the han nationality and language different aboriginal mixed in southern China. From north to south in the history of this mass movement has also changed the civil population distribution density.

汉族又名华夏族，是中国的主体民族，为上古时期黄帝部落和炎帝部落的后裔，即炎黄子孙。汉族还是一个在历史上从未中断过的、悠久的民族，也是世界上人口最多的民族。

据先秦文献的记载与夏、商、周立都范围，汉族的远古先民大体以西起陇山、东至泰山的黄河中、下游为活动地区;主要分布在这一地区的仰韶文化和龙山文化这两个类型的新石器文化，为汉族远古先民的文化遗存。这两个文明为华夏文明圈的代表。

汉族的祖先黄帝和炎帝在中原为争夺部落联盟首领而爆发了阪泉之战，炎帝部落战败，并入黄帝部落，炎黄联盟初具雏形。后来他们在涿鹿之战中打败了东夷集团的九黎族首领蚩尤，把联盟势力扩大至今日的山东境内。后又以炎帝部落和黄帝部落为主体，与山东境内的部分东夷部落组成了更庞大的华夏部落联盟，华夏族源基本固定。公元前2100～前770年黄河中下游黄帝集团的后裔先后建立了夏朝、商朝、周朝。

前221年，秦统一中国，华夏族又从分裂走向统一。汉族先秦时期自称华夏，从汉朝开始又逐渐出现“汉”的自称。因此，华夏族有了另一个名字：汉。但原先的称谓“华夏”并没有消失，而是与“汉”这个称谓一起使用至今。

根据复旦大学的基因研究对照历史迁移记录，汉民族的扩张主因是历史上的由北往南的人口移动。在晋朝以前汉族主要分布于中国北方，随后因永嘉之乱等因素大举向南迁徙，南迁汉族则和与汉族基因及语言相异的中国南方原住民混居。这历史上由北往南的大规模移动也改变了南北人口分布密度。

一：开头

句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词做状语等。

〔原文〕We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.

〔修正〕Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.

〔原文〕The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.

〔修正〕Hearing the bad news， the young man couldn’t help crying.

二、结尾

1、 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that……(比如说到和谐社会 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that we should build our society a harmonious society.)

2、 Therefore, it’s not difficult to draw a conclusion that……

3、 As a result , we should take effective measures to do sth.(我们必须采取一些有效的措施来做些什么)

4、 From what has been discussed above , we may conclude that ……

5、 Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

一些用法：

1、 陈述个人的观点

It is alleged that(据说)

In my view, both sides are partly right(两方面都部分的正确)

As far as I am concerned(就我而言)

As regards to me

My own point of view is that……

Personally, I believe that……

My experience tells me that……

The invention of the handset, I dare to say, turns out to be a tremendous hit.

The application of web sites, I dare to say, turns out to be a greatly hit.

It comes as no surprise that Chinese economy becomes increasingly hot.

2、 陈述别人的观点

Other individuals, however, take the attitude that……

(错误的观点)sb is under the false belief that……

3、 图表作文

The table showsindicates reveals that ……(表明、暗示、揭示)

According to the statistics showing in that graph, we can easliy seefound……(根据表中的数据，我们可以看见，发现)

As seen from the chart/ As is portrayed in the picture

Sales went into a slight decline=sales declined slightly(小幅下降)

Sales declined dramatically/sharply/greatly/hugely (大幅下降)

A brief glimpse at our campus (the picture/cartoon/caricature) vividly shows that mobile phone, becoming more and more prevalent.

好的替代

the machinethe device 代替 computer

handset代替 cell phone

*The Middle Kingdom代替 China

intenselycrucially important代替 very important (it is crucially important that the benefits of collective be on our priority.)

approaches代替 ways

current(currently) 代替 now

growing individuals代替 more and more people

individuals/ characters/ folks 代替 people, persons

positive, favorable, rosy(美好的), promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, 代替 good

unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 代替 bad

an army of, an ocean of, a multitude of 代替 many, a lot of

take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 代替 think

affair, business, matter 代替 thing

for my part, from my own perspective 代替 in my opinion

beneficial, rewarding 代替 helpful

exceedingly, extremely, intensely 代替 very

pour attention into代替 pay attention to

bear in mind that代替remember

enjoy, possess代替 have

to name only a few/ as an example代替for example/ instance