七年级英语作文范文10篇带翻译(实用20篇)

I‘m living in a beautiful and quiet neighbourhood.I have lived there for ten years.There is a big and beautiful park near my neighbourhood.We often go to the park to play.It has a lake in it.And there are many fishes.Theyre interesting.A lot of boys like playing football in the park.My neighbourhood is only two blocks away from the main shopping centre.I like to go shopping with my mother.There is a bookstore in my neighbourhood,too.Im a regular customer there.It has so many good things to read.People in my neighbourhood is all very friendly.I love it very much.

我住在一个美丽和安静的街区。我已经在那里生活了十年。我的附近有一个美丽的公园。我们经常去公园玩。它有一个湖。有很多鱼。他们是有趣的。很多男孩喜欢在公园里踢足球。我的周围只有两个街区的主要购物中心。我喜欢和我的妈妈去购物。有一个书店在我附近。我是一个常客。它有很多优秀的东西来读。我附近的人都很友好。我非常喜欢它。

With the development of economic,people now living a better life.But at the same time,many of the earths animals have already died out.

Nowdays,more and more animals lost their homes and they have no choice but to face the sorrow of missing relatives and friends.What makes it comes about?What makes their living condition even worse?The answer is human!Some people cut down plenty of trees to make fortunes,which damaged the forest and made the animals lost their home.And there are also some greedy people even hunt for animals to make money,which lead a terrible result--a number of animals are in danger.

Each anmimal especially wildlife is our friend,they play an important role in ecological balance.So,lets take action,planting trees,buliding birdhouses and so on to pretect our earth.

随着经济的发展,人们现在过着更好的生活。但与此同时,地球上的很多动物已经灭绝了。

现在,越来越多的动物失去了家园,他们别无选择,只能面对失踪亲友的悲痛。它是什么?是什么让他们的生活条件更糟糕吗?答案是人类!有些人砍伐大量的树木让财富,破坏了森林,使动物失去了他们的家园。甚至还有一些贪婪的人寻找动物赚钱,导致一个可怕的结果,许多动物都处于危险之中。

主义每个动物特别是野生动物是我们的朋友,他们在生态平衡发挥重要作用。让我们采取行动,种植树木,建筑物的鸟屋等等来保护我们的地球。

In the morning, it is very fine! Then I climb the mountain with family, the

air on the mountain is very fresh, the flowers plants and trees on the mountain

all seem extremely beautiful. In the afternoon, I go to friends home to play,

the friend entertains me warmly, show me a lot of books of his , has listened to

his CD for me , then also ask me to eat a sumptuous dinner. Coming back home in

the evening, family and I sat and watched TV together, we are returning and

eating the fruit while chatting, the whole family is happy and harmonious!

早上，天气非常好!于是我和家人一起去登山，山上的空气非常清新，花草树木在山上都显得格外美丽。在下午，我去了朋友家玩，朋友热情地招待我，给我看了他的很多书，给我听了他的CD，然后还请我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。晚上回到家，我与家人坐在一起看电视，我们还一边聊天一边吃着水果，全家其乐融融。

Today is Friday. It is my thirteenth birthday. I got up very early in the

morning and put on my new clothes happily. My parents bought me the new clothes

as my birthday presents. I went to school earlier than before.I invited many of

my classmates to come to my birthday party in the evening.

今天是星期五，这是我13岁生日。我早早就起床愉快地穿上我的新衣服。我的父母给我买了新衣服做为生日礼物。我比以住早去上学，我邀请了许多同学在晚上来我的生日聚会。

Evening came at last. Many of my classmate came to my home. they bought me

lots of beautiful presents. they all said,"Happy birthday to you!" We sang

birthday songs happily.then my parents brought out a big birthday cake, saying,

"We love you for ever. Happy birthday!"

傍晚过后。我的许多同学来到我家，他们给我买了很多漂亮的礼物，他们说：“祝你生日快乐!”我们唱生日歌，我的父母拿出了一个大生日蛋糕，他们说：“我们永远爱你。祝你生日快乐!”

At the end of the party, we ate the birthday cake and some other delicious

food. How happy I was!

在派对的最后，我们吃了生日蛋糕和其他一些美食，我是多么幸福啊!

Winter is coming, when it comes to the traditional festival is my favorite, I cannot hide the excitement of the heart. Winter solstice can make dumplings, eating dumplings, it makes me feel the winter solstice is the most happy.

Once in the winter solstice, my mother and I are ready to make dumplings materials: some meat, some of the wrappers. I picked up a piece of the wrappers on the left hand, right hand dug a little fresh, use chopsticks to dumplings lining. But fresh meat seems very lively, leap to jump, very not easy sealing top results open again... Making dumplings is really not easy!

Speak of the winter solstice eat dumplings, there is also a custom! In my hometown - the north of henan province, the winter solstice every family tradition is to make dumplings, eating dumplings. As the saying goes: "the winter solstice misconduct dumplings bowl, frozen off ears is nobodys business."

The custom of the northern winter eat dumplings is due to the memory of "the medical sage" zhang zhongjing winter solstice medicine left. Hungry people eat dumplings, to drink the "remove cold soup", and warm, fever, two ears frostbite ears were cured.

No matter you have the habit of eating dumplings, wish everyone happy winter solstice, happily and family spent together the happy holiday!

冬至就要到了，说到这个我最喜欢的传统节日，我就难掩心里的兴奋。冬至可以包饺子，吃饺子啊，这让我觉得冬至是最快乐的。

一到冬至，我和妈妈就准备好包饺子的材料：一些鲜肉，一些饺子皮。我拿起一张饺子皮放在左手上，右手用筷子挖一点鲜肉，放到饺子皮里去。可是鲜肉好像很活泼，蹦蹦跳跳的，好不容易封上口结果又撑开了……包饺子可真不容易啊!

说起冬至吃饺子，这里面还有一个风俗呢!在我的老家——北方的河南省，到了冬至家家户户的传统习俗就是包饺子、吃饺子。俗话说：“冬至不端饺子碗，冻掉耳朵没人管。”

北方冬季吃饺子的习俗是因纪念“医圣”张仲景冬至舍药留下的。饥寒交迫的人们吃了饺子，喝了“祛寒汤”，浑身暖和，两耳发热，冻伤的耳朵都治好了。

不管大家有没有吃饺子的习惯，都祝愿所有人冬至快乐，开开心心地和家人一起度过这个愉快的节日吧!

On Saturday morning, irritable the sun shine on the earth. The sky cloudless, streets are clean and tidy, wide green grass by the side of the road was so wet, just photo, beautiful, like in the picture. The streets everywhere beaming harmony better. But we sometimes touches the line of sight of some discordant notes, like a dead leaf floating on the west, like a piece of white paper on ink - small advertisement.

However, as long as everybody action, and the harmonious movement of discordant notes will disappear. You see, just then, a little volunteers came, small force was carrying a big barrel of water on the ground first, jack Bauer shovel dip in water, hard small ads, gao shovel dip in the water, also hard to jump up, finally with enough. Small ads are falling. Xiao gang is also very hard, all sweat on the head. Little more effort, eyes stare, lips pursed, shovel and wheezing. So, did the afternoon, they finally let pole has become clean again.

星期六的早上，火辣辣的太阳照着大地。天空中万里无云，街道非常的整洁，宽阔的路边绿油油的小草是那么的湿润，像刚浇完水一样，美丽极了，仿佛在画中似的。大街小巷处处都闪烁着和谐美好的光芒。但是，我们的视线有时也会触及到一些不和谐的音符，就像清波上浮动的一片败叶，就像白纸上的一片墨迹——小广告。

不过，只要人人都行动起来，这些和谐乐章中的不和谐音符一定会消失。你瞧，正说着，小小志愿者们就来了，小力先提着一大桶水放在地上，小强把铲子蘸一下水，用力地刮小广告，小高也把铲子蘸了一下水，用力地往上一跳，终于够着了。一张张小广告纷纷落下。小刚也很卖力，头上都出汗了。小胖更努力，眼瞪着，嘴噘着，呼哧呼哧地铲着。就这样，干了一下午，他们终于让电线杆又变得干干净净了。

There is no doubt that we should never go out there to see what happens; instead, we should take actions to make things happen. A telling example is Youyou Tu. She and her colleagues made 380 extracts from 2,00 herbs before they finally succeeded in discovering the pure substance qinghaosu, which can be used to treat malaria. As we all know, there were numerous scientists who wanted to find this substance, but it was her firm actions that made her the first Chinese Nobel laureate in medicine.

Why?Reasons are quite simple and can be listed as follows. To begin with, only by taking actions can we find the best way to solve those problems we are facing, but as a bystander, we can learn nothing meaningful. In addition, in an age full of ruthless and relentless competitions, without taking actions to make things happen, we are bound to lose those valuable opportunities. For instance, if Apple had just gone out there to see what happens in mobile phones, it could not have presented the amazing product, iPhone, to us.

Accordingly, we college students should not just be a watcher but a doer. In my humble opinion, we can start from applying what we have learned into practice.

毫无疑问,我们永远不应该走出去看看发生了什么;相反,我们应该采取行动让事情发生。一个生动的例子就是由你。她和她的同事做了380提取物2 00草药才终于发现了纯物质青蒿素,可用于治疗疟疾。我们都知道,有很多的科学家们想找到这种物质,但这是她公司的行为,让她第一个中国医学诺贝尔奖得主。

为什么?原因很简单,可以列出如下。首先,只有采取行动才能找到最好的方法解决我们面临这些问题,但作为一个旁观者,我们可以学到什么有意义的事情。此外,在一个充满残酷和无情的竞争时代,没有采取行动让事情发生,我们注定要失去这宝贵的机会。例如,如果苹果刚刚在手机看看会发生什么,它不可能呈现惊人的产品,iPhone,给我们。

因此,我们大学生不应该只是一个观察者,但一个实干家。依我拙见,我们可以从应用所学付诸实践。

The dog can be more life habits, it especially likes to eat bones and fish. As long as you are gentle to it, it is very good for you.

The Spring Festival I went to grandmas house to play, I entered the courtyard, he saw a small dog. It slants thin, dressed in a black and white "clothes". Short legs, weenose eyes, pianpian nose, small mouth, very cute. My foot into the door, it is "woof, woof, woof..." And called up, like "eat" me. I hurriedly back a few steps, frighten me out in a cold sweat. My grandma picked the dog up, I quickly into the home, the dog is staring at me, is not very friendly.

The dinner, the first thing I eat a bowl of bone for the dog, the dog looked at me, straight wagged his tail, as if to say: "thank you!" It looked down with relish chew up the bones. I thought, this little guy is greedy. You dont want to eat the bones to bite me again! Moments later, the dog bone is finished, licking his mouth with his tongue, my legs with teeth, as if to say: "give me a piece of bone, ok?" Only in my bowl of rice, had to give it a little rice, but he was disappointed to go smell.

After I feed the bones, the puppy is very friendly to me. Once, when I was writing assignments, its familiar voice heard again, running to me, as if to say: "small host, we play together?" He saw that I dont promise, he jumped on the table and smell here, smell there, cant, I have to pack up the book to play with it, it jumped up.

I have a new friend!

狗的生活习性可多了，它特别喜欢吃骨头和鱼。只要你对它温和，它对你非常好。

春节我去奶奶家玩，我一进大院，就看见一只小花狗。它偏瘦，穿着一身黑白相间的“衣服”。短短的腿，黑溜溜的眼睛，扁扁的鼻子，小巧玲珑的嘴，非常可爱。我的脚刚刚迈进门，它就“汪、汪、汪……”地叫了起来，好像要把我“吃”似的。我连忙退了几步，吓得我出了一身冷汗。我奶奶把狗抱起来，我快速进了家，小狗还在盯着我，很不友好的样子。

开饭了，我首先把碗里的骨头给小狗吃，小狗看了看我，直摇尾巴，好像在说：“谢谢你!”它低下头津津有味地啃起了骨头。我心想：这小家伙真贪吃。下次再咬我你别想吃骨头了!不一会儿，小狗的骨头吃完了，用舌头舔舔嘴巴，用牙齿咬住我的裤腿，好像在说：“再给我一块骨头，好吗?”我的碗里只剩下米饭了，只好给它一点米饭，可是，他闻一闻就失望地走了。

从我喂了骨头以后，小狗对我很友好。有一次，我在写作业，它那熟悉的声音又传来了，跑到我身边叫了几声，好像在说：“小主人，我们一起玩行吗?”他见我不答应，就跳在桌子上，闻闻这儿，闻闻那儿，没办法，我只好收起书本与它玩，它高兴的跳了起来。

我有新朋友啦!

I internet English that can give me a golden future.Because English is the most pupolar language in the world.These is no country in the world use English. Although English is no our mother language , but I learn hard in many ways.Some subjects are taught in English and some goods wrote in English. Nowdays, English is the more important.So I like it and learn it hard.

我迷恋英文，因为它可以给我一个好的未来，因为英文是世界上最主流的语言。世界上没有一个国家是不用英语的，虽然英语不是我的母语，不过我会尽我最大的努力通过各种方式来学习英语。现在很多科目都用英语教，然后很多商品也变成英文字了，所以我觉得英语很重要，我也要好好学习它，尽我最大的努力。

[《我的爱好》英语作文及翻译

Today, my parents were not at home, they had something to deal with, so

they left me alone. I was so happy because I could be in charge in my own house,

it made me feel like I was a grow-up. I wanted to give my parents a surprise, so

I planned to clean the house. It was not easy to do the house chores, first, I

swept the floor and took notice of every corner. And then I rearranged the

messed things. I just wanted to make sure the room would be very clean at first

sign. When my parents went home, they couldnt believe what I had done, they

were so happy that I could take care of myself.

今天，我的父母不在家，他们有事情要去处理，所以他们让我一个人在家。我很开心，因为我能在自己的家里面做主，这让我觉得自己是个成年人。我想要给父母一个惊喜，所以我计划清理房子。做家务真是不容易啊，第一，我要扫地，并且注意房子的每一个角落。让后我重新安置了那些混乱的东西。我只是想要确保房子的每一个角落一眼看过去是很干净的。当父母回到家里的时候，他们无法相信我所做的，他们很开心我能照顾自己。

my name is gui chun zi , my english name is annabelle ; im elven years old . im a lively girl .i like reading good books and play computer games. my favorite color is purple and pink. i like eat hanburger and fruit .i dont like eat lobster. so i refuse eat lobster .

whats your name ? how old are you? lets be good friends!

Thanksgiving is a virtue, to a person, with a sense of self-respect, self-confidence, tolerance are equally important. If there is no gratitude, you will be eliminated by The Times. Let us, therefore, the mentality of with gratitude to the people and things in the face of all!

Thanksgiving parents, return on the family

Parents are our first teachers, from the moment a child born, their life will pour into the parents love and best wishes. Perhaps, parents cant give us life of luxury. However, they gave everything in a persons life irreplaceable - life.

Parents of children love it props up a stretch of the sky. When you get hurt, cry, sad, sad, when you can come back here at any time, enjoy the love of parents. This is their happiness. Thanksgiving parents, even if it is a trivial things, as long as make them feel a trace of pleasure, thats enough. I remember CCTV broadcast a moving advertisement: a little boy with big eyes, struggling to carry a pot of water, naive said to his mother: "mom, wash feet." Is such an AD today, still hit. Moving reasons, not because of the actor, the most popular but it feelings moving heart, lung, infected with more than how many lovers all over the world, many people moved. Not only for lovely boy, and the one to the deep love and heartfelt gratitude. Such a thing, everyone can do it, but dont want to do. Ask: where are your gratitude?

感恩是一种美德，对于一个人来说，它与自尊、自信、宽容同等重要。如果没有感恩，你就会被时代淘汰。因此，让我们怀着感恩的心态来面对所有的人和事吧!

感恩父母，回报亲情

父母是我们的第一任老师，从一个孩子呱呱落地的那一刻起，他们的生命就倾注了父母的爱与祝福。或许，父母不能给我们奢华的生活。但是，他们给予了一个人一生中任何事物都不可替代的——生命。

父母为子女撑起了一片爱的天空。当你受伤时、哭泣时、忧郁时、难过时，你可以随时回到这里，享受父母的爱。这，便是他们的幸福了。感恩父母，哪怕是一件微不足道的小事，只要让他们感到一丝欣慰，这就够了。我记得央视播过一篇感人的广告：一个大眼睛的小男孩，吃力地端着一盆清水，天真地对妈妈说：“妈妈，洗脚。”就是这样的一部广告时至今日，仍在热播。动人的原因，不是因为演员当红，而是它的感情动人心肺，不止感染了天下多少的有情人，很多人为其感动。不止为了可爱的小男孩，也为了那一份至深的爱和发自内心的感恩。这样的事，每个人都能够做到，却又不愿去做。试问：你们的感恩都到哪里去了呢?

我的生日

My Birthday

My birthday is on##.My parents and friends celebrate it to me every year.On that day,we usually hold a small birthday party at home and invite my friends to come for a dinner.We chat,watch TV or play games together that we really enjoy ourselves.When we are playing,my parents prepare a delicious dinner.My friends and I like the dishes very much.Of course,I can get some gifts from parents and friends.I am very happy because they always know what I want and need.But,on the other hand,when the birthday comes, I am a year older,so that I must be more sensible and independent.Last but not the least, it’s also a time to show my appreciation to my parents.They work hard and do their best to bring me up.

我的生日是#月#号.我的父母和朋友每年都为我庆祝.那天,我们通常在家举行小聚会,邀请朋友到家里吃晚饭.我们聊天,看电视或者一起玩游戏,大家玩得很开心.当我们玩的时候,我父母给我们准备了可口的晚餐.我和朋友都很喜欢那些菜.

当然,我也从父母和朋友那里得到了礼物.我很高兴,因为他们总是知道我想要和需要什么.但是,另一方面,每当生日到来的时候,我又长了一岁,因此我必须更敏感,更独立.最后但也同样重要的一点是,这也是我向父母表达感激的时候.他们努力工作,尽他们最大的努力抚养我.

I like reading, reading can bring me happiness, and let me learn a lot

of interesting knowledge. I like to read story books best, such as journey to

the west. The Monkey King in this book is clever and brave, not afraid of hard

work, protecting his master, he is a responsible person. And is "journey to the

west" one of the four great classics? Is it interesting? Do you like reading

books?

我喜欢读书，读书能给我带来快乐，并且让我学到很多有趣的知识。我最喜欢看故事书，比如《西游记》，这本书里的孙悟空聪明勇敢，不怕辛苦，保护自己的师傅，是一个负责的人。并且《西游记》是四大名著之一，是不是很有趣？你喜欢看书吗？

Dear John,

亲爱的约翰：

Long time no see, how is your summer vacation? I’m really sorry for writing so late. I have been too busy at this moment. I am happy to hear that you have traveled to Tibet at this summer holiday. How I wish I could go there with you!

好久不见，你的`暑假过得还好吗?很抱歉那么晚才写信给你。这段时间我真的太忙了。我很高兴听说暑假你去了西藏旅游。我真希望我也和你一起去。

Let me tell you something about my summer holiday. My summer holiday is rich and colorful. My parents take me to Hong Kong. That’s a beautiful place. I buy a lot of funny things at there. Such as pretty dresses, cute dolls and the snacks I never eat before. I really want to stay there and never come back! In a word, I really appreciate the life there.

让我告诉你我的暑假趣事吧。我的暑假过得丰富多彩。我父母带我去了香港。那是个美丽的地方。我在香港买了很多新奇的玩意。比如漂亮的裙子，可爱的娃娃和一些从来没有吃过的零食。我真想待在那里再也不回来了。一句话，我喜欢那里的生活。

I’m really looking forward to your reply!

我很期待你的回复!

Truly yours,

Zoey

你忠实的朋友

柔伊

以下是《九年级英语作文:我和哥哥的历险记》翻译。

It was sunny that day. Our parents were out, so there were only my brother and me at home. We were bored. So we decided to go boating. We played happily. But when we went to the middle of the river, the weather changed. It rained suddenly. We didn t bring umbrella and our boat was bamboo raft. As the rain was more and heavier, we were afraid to sink in the river. We tried our best to make our boat in shore. But our bamboo raft had more water on it. I was afraid to die. My brother was also very anxious. At that time, my mother came and she pulled us back to the ground. It was thrilling.

那是一个晴天。我们的父母都出去了，所以只有我和哥哥在家。我们很无聊。所以我们决定去划船。我们玩的很开心。但当我们走到河中央时，天气变了。突然下起雨来。我们没带伞，而且我们的船还竹排。由于雨越来越大，我们担心会沉到河里去。我们尽力使我们的船靠岸。但是竹筏上的水越来越多。我害怕死了。我哥哥也很着急。那时，我妈妈来了来了，她把我们拉回到地面。真的惊心动魄啊。

I have a good friend. His name is Li Lei. He is 14 years old. He is of

medium build and of medium height. He has short straight black hair. And he has

two big eyes. He likes playing basketball, swimming and drawing. He also likes

listening to music. His favorite food is fish and chips. His favorite star is

Michael Jordan. And he wants to be a basketball player like Jordan.

Flaunt wealth, whats new in todays society is no longer, but it is impressive flaunt wealth of many is even after 90 after 80. Recently a group of photos flaunt wealth on the Internet. Photos in shenzhen for 16 years old young life similar to the prince, has not only beauty, attendants, super sports car, there are private jets and yachts. A network called "out" of a middle school grade students in wuhan, constantly on the tencent weibo sun lamborghini and ferrari sports car and all kinds of famous brand bags, net friend evaluation, he to show off the capital can let guo "bow their heads in shame. The other day, the network reported the 10-year-old girl who bask in huge money flaunt wealth, many netizens surprise. The little girl because claims to use New Years money to idol show bought a car, also big sun pictures of big New Years money, netizens are calling for old sister "pressure".

Many people have criticized the phenomenon. Also some question: these people in addition to money, what is missing? : people are still thinking whether parents do something wrong?

炫富，在当今社会已不再是什么新鲜事，但让人称奇的是炫富的不少是80后甚至是90后。近日一组炫富的照片在网上掀起波澜。照片中深圳16岁少年生活堪比王子，不仅有美女、侍从、超级跑车，还有私人飞机及游艇。一个网名叫“叨叨”的武汉某中学初三学生，不断在腾讯微博上晒兰博基尼、法拉利等跑车及各种名牌包，网友评价，他炫耀的资本简直让郭美美“羞愧地低下头”。前些天，网络爆出10岁的小女孩晒巨额压岁钱炫富事件，令不少网友大跌眼镜。这小女孩因为自称用压岁钱给偶像罗志祥买下了一台车，还大晒巨额压岁钱的照片，被网友戏称为“压岁妹妹”。

不少人对这种现象提出批评。也有人质疑：这些人除了钱，还缺点什么呢?还有人思考：家长是不是做错了什么呢?

Tonight, my mother invite her friends to come to dinner. So my mother

prepare a lot of food, she even cooks the new food, which I never taste before.

My mother’s friends praise her a lot, which makes my mother so happy. The food

my mother cooks is so delicious, I love to eat them so much. I am so happy to

have such a good mother.

今晚，我妈妈邀请她的朋友来吃晚饭。因此妈妈准备了很多的食物,她甚至煮了新的饭菜，只是我以前从来没有尝过的。妈妈的朋友们都赞美她，这让她很高兴。妈妈煮的食物，非常美味，我喜欢吃。我很高兴有这样一个好妈妈。

Nowadays university graduates have different job outlooks. For most of them, to find a job with satisfactory pay is their most important wish while majority want to be self – employed. However, a certain number of graduates are not in a hurry to hunt for jobs. They are just waiting for better chances. Toward this point of view, some experts warn that it is not wise to be just waiting. They advise that graduates should find a regular, full-time job as quickly as possible so that they can earn money to support themselves and get working experience, which will help to find a better position later. Moreover, it might be more difficult to find a satisfactory job next year.

如今大学毕业生的就业前景不同。对于大部分孩子来说，要找到一个令人满意的支付工作是他们最重要的希望，而多数是希望能够自我 - 就业。但是，一定数量的毕业生不急于寻找就业机会。他们只是在等待更好的机会。对这一观点，一些专家警告说，只是等待这是不明智的。他们提醒毕业生应该找到一个正规，全职工作，以便尽可能快的挣钱来养活自己和获得工作经验，这将有助于找到更好的更高的位置。此外，明年可能更难找到一个称心如意的工作。

Chinese panda living in the south they are a bamboo for food eat slowly eat 12 hours a day every day to eat 15 kilograms of bamboo. Their numbers are fewer and fewer of the panda in the wild only just over 1600 have a small number of people living in the zoo.

They are a lovely precious animals we should pay more to protect.

熊猫生活在中国的南部，它们以竹子为食，吃的很慢，一天要吃12个小时，每天要吃15公斤的竹子。它们的数量越来越少，在野外的熊猫只有1600多只，还有少数生活在动物园。

它们是一种可爱的珍贵的动物，我们应多加保护。