2020年英语作文热点话题范文及翻译(汇总20篇)

My grandma came to visit us today

Today, my grandma came to visit us, because she missed me so much. She

brought us a lot of fresh vegetables and fruit as usual.My grandma lives in a

small villiage, she likes the life in the county and refuses to move to the

city,so we live separately. She plant many vegetables and fruits, and She bring

the fresh to us now and then. Indeed, it tastes very different from the

market’s. I like the food she brings so much and I am so grateful to her.

参考翻译

我奶奶今天来看我们了

今天,我的奶奶来看望我们,因为她很想念我。她和往常一样给我们带来很多新鲜的蔬菜和水果。我的奶奶住在一个小的村子里，她喜欢那里的生活，拒绝搬来城市，所以我们分开住。她种有很多蔬菜和水果，并且会时不时地带来给我们。的确,尝起来味道和市场上卖的截然不同。我很喜欢她给我们带来的菜,我很感谢她。

Ivan came home with a bloody nose and his mother asked, "What happened?"

"A kid bit me," replied Ivan.

"Would you recognize him if you saw him again?" asked his mother.

"Id know him any where," said Ivan. "I have his ear in my pocket."

伊凡鼻子流着血回到家里。他妈妈问，“发生了什么事?”

“一个男孩咬了我一口，”伊凡说。

“再见到他你能认出来吗?”妈妈问。

“他走到哪里我都能认出他，”伊凡说。“他的耳朵还在我衣兜里呢。”

Mothers Day Mother’s Day is a holiday when children honor their mothers with

cards, gifts and flowers. In many countries, such as Denmark, Finland, Italy,

Turkey, Australia and the US, people cel lebrate Mother’s Day on the second

Sunday in May while many other countries of the world celebrate their own

Mother’s day at different times through out the year.

One of the best ways to celebrate Mother’s Day is to give your mom the day

off. Let her relax with the rest of the family doing all the housework. Usually,

dad and the kids will let mom sleep late that morning as they go into the

kitchen to prepare her favourite breakfast. Never forget to place a vase with a

single flower on the table beside the food. The kids can pick up the flower from

the garden or buy one from the shop. Arrange everything nicely before mom wakes

up. Some families will carry the food and mom’s favourite sections from the

newspaper to her bedroom so that mom can have breakfast in bed. Presents and

cards from the kids can be handed to mom by themselves or just placed on the

dining table.

After breakfast, go anywhere mom likes to go. Shopping, swimming or going on

a picnic in the garden. Make a special Mother’s Day dinner or take mom out for a

great meal in a famous restaurant she loves most.

Anyway ,let mom enjoy the whole day and feel your love, and then the Mother’s

Day can be a good one. As Mother’s Day is around the corner, it’s time to take

actions!

导语：如果失去梦想，人类将会怎样?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理了优秀英语作文经典模板，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Can open a shop when the boss, is the goal of every businessman, is everybodys dream.

If I really became a boss, want to open a store, that is, of course, want to open a senior restaurant, developing different creative food every day, let the boss when I try to eat, after my mouth and accreditation, you can share with customers.

So that I can not only meal a day, also can sit on the seat, waiting for everyone to taste my food, that is what a wonderful thing!

When a senior restaurant boss, eat every day to make money, eat fat, long like a maitreya, I am also willing to.

My goal is to introduce the worlds top chefs, contacted me this piece of diao mouth, also take care of my loyal customers, how to serve several.

Occasionally can also held a big stomach king game, see who can eat this store large twenty doses of pasta, launched by the first name can be obtained by the house of the prize "twenty doses of pasta to a", let the guests can always think of our meals.

Think "eat", I came to this shops dream, will make me work harder toward the dreams.

【参考译文】

能开店当老板、是每个生意人的目标，也是每个人的梦想。

如果我真的当上了老板，要开一间店，那当然就是要开一间高级餐厅，每天开发不同的创意美食，让我这个老板当试吃员，经过我的歪嘴鉴定合格，就可以跟顾客们一起分享。

这样我不仅可以每天饱餐一顿，还可以坐在座位上，等着大家都来品尝我的美食，那是多棒的一件事呀!

当个高级餐厅的老板，每天吃东西赚钱，吃的胖嘟嘟的，长的像个弥勒佛，我也甘愿。

我的目标就是可以引进那全球最顶尖的厨师，嘉惠我这张刁嘴，也照顾我的死忠顾客，多么一举数得。

偶而也可以举办个大胃王比赛，看谁能够吃完本店所推出的二十人份超大意大利面，第一名的人可获得本店所提供的奖品“二十人份的意大利面再来一份”，让客人们可以无时无刻的想起本店的餐点。

想到“吃”，我精神都来了，这个开店的美梦，会让我更加努力朝着梦想前进。

Dear Miss Brown,

I am writing to express my sincere thanks to you for caring me in the last

two years. During the days of being your student, I learn a lot. Firstly, your

serious attitude towards teaching and our students moves me too much. You

inspire and push me to work harder and harder. Secondly, I fall in love with

English under the influence of you. As a student of science and engineering,

I’ve been thinking that English does no good to me, but you help me to find the

fabulous glamour of English that leads me to know a totally different world and

develop a different way of thinking. Finally, your continuous encouragement

supports me a lot when I meet challenges or difficulties. You said that

everything to the last will certainly become a good thing, if it is not, not yet

to the last. Every time, remembering your words, I am so inspired to keep

going.

Above all, I want to say thank you again and please accept my sincere

appreciation. Best wishes for you.

Cruse

敬爱的布朗老师：

我谨以此向您表达我最真诚的谢意，感谢您在过去两年里对我的帮助。在过去的两年里，成为您的学生，我学到了许多。首先，您对教学和学生的认真态度使我深受感动。您鼓舞着我不断地努力学习。其次，在您的影响下，我深深地喜欢上了英语。作为一名理工科学生，我以前一直认为英语对我毫无用处，但您使我认识到了英语的魅力所在，带我走进了一个全新的世界，培养了不同的思维方式。最后，您的鼓励总在我遭遇困难或挑战是鼓励着我。您曾经说过：“每一件事情到了最后都会变成好事，如果不是，那说明还没有到最后。”每当想起您说过的话，我就有了坚持下去的动力。

最后，请允许我再次向您表达我的感谢，接受我真诚的谢意。献上最美好的祝福。

导语：现如今是人工智能的时代，你有没有想过未来的机器人是什么样的吗?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Hello! i’m a future robot. my name is mini. i have two small eyes, a small nose and a very big mouth. i can read and write, and i can speak chinese and english.

I can play football, basketball and badminton quite well. and i can sing and dance very well! but i can’t run and swim. i always cook the breakfast for my master. my master is sally. she is a pretty girl. she plays hopscotch very well.

I love my master very much.

【原文翻译】

您好。我是一个未来的机器人。我的名字是迷你。我有一双小眼睛，一个小鼻子和一个非常大的嘴。我能读与写，我会说汉语和英语。

我可以踢足球，篮球和羽毛球很好。我会唱歌和跳舞很好!但是我不会跑步和游泳。我一直为我的主人煮早餐。我的师父是萨利。她是一个漂亮的女孩。她玩跳房子游戏很好。

我很爱我的师父。

The Dragon Boat Festival ,also called the Duanwu Festival ,is celebrated on

the fifth day of the fifth month according to the

Chinese calendar.People always eat rice dumplings and watch dragon boat

races to celebrate it.

The festival is best known for its dragon-boat races,especially in the

southern places where there are many rivers and lakes. It ís very popular.

The rice dumpling is made of glutinous rice,meat and so on. You can eat

different kinds of rice dumplings.They are very delicious.

And Dragon Boat Festival is for Qu Yuan. He is an honest minister who is

said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.

Overall, the Dragon Boat Festival is very interesting!

端午节，又称端午节，是庆祝第五个月的第五天，根据中国的农历。人们总是吃粽子和赛龙舟来庆祝它。

该节是最知名的龙舟比赛，尤其是在有很多河流和湖泊的南部地区。它很受欢迎的。

粽子是由糯米饭，肉类等。你可以品尝不同种类的粽子。它们很好吃。

龙舟节是屈原。他是一个诚实的大臣已承诺在溺水自杀河。

总的来说，端午节是非常有趣的!

端午节的英语小学作文带翻译15

The Dragon Boat Festival， also called the Duanwu Festival， is celebrated on

the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. This

festival is to commemorate the death of QU Yuan， an upright and honest poet and

statesman who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a

river.

The most important activity of this festival is the Dragon Boat races. It

symbolizes people‘s attempts to rescue Qu Yuan. In the current period， these

races also demonstrate the virtues of cooperation and teamwork.

Besides， the festival has also been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous

rice)。 Zong zi is made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and

wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. People who mourned the death of Qu threw Zong

zi into the river to feed his ghost every year.

With the changes of the times， the memorial turns to be a time for

protection from evil and disease for the rest of year. People will hang healthy

herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house. Although the

significance of the festival might be different with the past， it still gives

the observer an opportunity to glimpse a part of the rich Chinese cultural

heritage.

端午节,又称为端午节,定在第五个月的第五天据中国日历。这个节日是为了纪念屈原的死,一个忠厚老实的诗人和政治家据说在河流溺水自杀。

这个节日最重要的活动是龙舟竞赛。它象征着人们的努力救屈原。在当前时期,这些比赛也证明合作和团队合作的优点。

此外,节日还被吃的粽子(糯米)。粽子是糯米做的塞满了不同的馅料包在竹叶或芦苇叶。人哀悼屈原的死亡把粽子扔进河里喂他的鬼魂。

随着时代的变化,纪念转向防止邪恶和疾病是一个时间的。人们会把健康的草药挂在前门清理房子的坏运气。虽然这个节日的意义可能与过去不同,它仍然使观察者看到的机会丰富的中国文化遗产的一部分。

Bat falling upon the ground was caught by a Weasel, ofwhom he earnestly besought his life. The Weasel refused,saying, that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. TheBat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, andthus saved his life.

Shortly afterwards the Bat again fellon the ground, and was carght by another Weasel, whom helikewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that hehad a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him thathe was not a mouse, but a bat; and thus a second timeescaped.It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.

一只蝙蝠坠落到地面上来，被一只鼠狼捉住了，蝙蝠哀求讨饶。鼠狼不答应，说它自己最爱和鸟类为敌。蝙蝠便证明它自己不是鸟，只是一只老鼠，因此鼠狼就放了它。

不久这只蝙蝠又坠落到地上来，被另一只鼠狼捉住，它同样地哀求讨饶。那鼠狼说它自己最恨老鼠，蝙蝠证明自己并不是老鼠，而是一只蝙蝠；因此，它第二次又安然地逃离危险了。随机应变乃聪明之举。

[少儿英语作文带翻译：蝙蝠和鼠狼

What is the most important thing in the world? I think it is health.You can

take away our money, house, car, or even our clothes and we can survive. But if

our health was taken away, we would surely die. That is why we always try to eat

in a healthy way and exercise regularly.

什么是世界上最重要的事情?我想，答案应该是健康。我们可以在没有钱、房子、车子，甚至衣服的情况下，活着。但是如果我们的健康被带走了，我们肯定就活不下去了。这就是为什么我们总是努力以一种健康的方式吃东西和规律地运动。

In order to eat healthily, I usually avoid eating food high in fat, like

french fries or cookies. I also eat little meat. I eat a lot of vegetables and

fresh fruit which are full of vitamins. Taking exercise every day helps us build

a strong body. Regular exercise is an important part of keeping me healthy.

为了能吃得健康，我常常避免吃高脂肪的食物，比如炸薯条或甜点。我也很少吃肉。我会吃很多的蔬菜和富含维他命的新鲜水果。每天做运动有助于我们拥有强健的身体。有规律的运动是我们保持身体健康的一个重要部分。

Whats more, I think friends are an important part of ones health. Many

studies show that people with a wide range of social contacts get sick less than

those who dont. I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am

alone. When I am with my friends, I always laugh. Laughing is also an important

part of health. I like to laugh with my friends.

还有，我认为，朋友也是让我们保持健康的重要部分。许多研究显示，有复杂人际关系的人比较不容易得病。当我与朋友一起时，我总是感觉比单独一个人好。当我与朋友一起时，我总是笑声不断。欢笑也是健康的重要组成部分。我喜欢和朋友一起大笑。

By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my body at a proper

weight and keep healthy. By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as

well as my body happy. These things sound easy to do, but not many people can

manage them. I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep healthy.

通过合理的饮食和规律性的运动，我可以保持身体健康和体重适中。与朋友一起的时光，可以让我的思想和身体一样开心。这些事情听起来很容易去做，但没有很多人能成功做到。我想，我们如果想要健康，那强大的意愿是需要的。

导语：当我们面对他们时，没有什么比希望和自信更重要。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

It is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. When we are faced with them, nothing is more important than hope and self-confidence. With confidence, we can find sometimes the question is not as “huge”as we imagine.

Take most of us for example, the entrance exam to college seems to be a horrible monster. Accordingly, some people give up, some persist. In my eyes, with confidence, right assessment of the difficulties, as well as full preparation, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems and challenges. On the whole, I believe we youngsters should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, brave it out and just do it!

【参考译文】

众所周知，我们生活在一个充满各种困难的充满活力的世界里。当我们面对他们时，没有什么比希望和自信更重要。有信心，我们可以发现有时问题并不像我们想象的那样“庞大”。

以我们大多数人为例，高考似乎是一个可怕的怪物。因此，有些人放弃，有些人坚持。在我眼里，有信心，有正确的评估困难，以及充分的准备，尝试和发挥你的力量，然后我们将克服所有的问题和挑战。总的来说，我相信我们年轻人应该以正确的方式面对困难。没有什么是不可能的，勇敢的去做!

Ha ha ha, I finally got Christmas, today, I want to spend my five-pointed star.

Class, the teacher sent us the book, I do not know for how many days and so on and so on today, and that the integrity of the discount supermarket today, I forget again and again, a total of four times to forget, but I feel it, and then We put their cents on out, I was 228 five-pointed star, to the later, the teacher wish us a happy holiday, gave us added a 250-pointed star, when we heard the news cheered together.

Suddenly, a male teacher came over and said: Taipan has bought, should we buy, we immediately rushed past, only 20 minutes, so we have to race against time, I immediately rushed into the integrity of the supermarket, ha ha, how not, I most want to buy toilet did not, certainly was Taipan away, so sad, ah, I have nothing to buy. Suddenly, I saw a lot of fun things, finally I bought a pen, a hand clasp and a Spiderman.

Favorite things to buy, I went back to the classroom, playing up.

Although I did not get my favorite thing, but I still got happy.

哈哈哈，我终于等到了圣诞节了，在今天，我要把我的五角星给花光。

上课了，老师把本子发给了我们，我不知为了等今天等了多少天，而且，诚信超市在今天打折，我算了一遍又一遍，总共算了4遍，可是我觉的可以了，然后我们便把自己的分报了出来，我的是228个五角星，到了后来，老师祝我们节日快乐，又给我们加了250个五角星，当大家听到这个消息后，一齐欢呼起来。

突然，一个男老师走过来说：大班已经买好了，应该我们去买了，我们立马冲了过去，只有20分钟，所以我们要争分夺秒，我立马冲进了诚信超市，哈哈，怎么没有了，我最想买的马桶没了，肯定被大班拿走了，好悲哀啊，我也没什么好买了。突然，我又看到了很多好玩的东西，最后我买了一支笔，一个手扣和一个蜘蛛侠。

买了心爱的东西，我便回了教室，玩了起来。

虽然我没有买到我最喜欢的东西，但是我还是得到了快乐。

Li Ming is my classmate, he is always the best student in my class. The

teachers speak highly of him all the time. I wondered how he can do so well, so

I talked to him. He told me that he kept reading books every hour a day, if he

was busy, he would do it before sleeping. I thought about most of us, we could’t

wait to play computer games after we finished the homework. I could find

something was different between Li Ming and other students, now I understand

why, reading the books broadens his vision and enriches his mind, helping him to

be a better man. So I make up my mind to keep reading.

李明是我的同学,他总是班上最好的学生。老师赞扬他。我想知道他如何能做的那么好,所以我和他聊天。他告诉我他一直每天读书一个小时,如果他很忙,他也会在睡觉前看。我想对大多数人来说,我们无法等到完成作业后再去玩电脑游戏。我能找到李明和其他学生之间不一样的东西,现在我明白为什么,阅读书籍开阔了他的视野,丰富了他的思想,帮助他成为一个更好的人。所以我下决心保持阅读。

★高中英语日记100字★

★初中英语日记范文★

★小学英语日记带翻译★

★儿童节英语日记★

July 14 20XX

It was the second day of our summer holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special. I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.

【参考翻译】

20XX年7月14日

这是我们的暑季假期的第二天。我感觉很好。我觉得我自由了。我有很多时间做我喜欢的事情。我的父母都在北京。所以，我独自生活，但我并不感到孤独。但我没有做一些特别的东西。我住在家里看电视。哦!我写了一份英文报章组成。这是我的功课。今天，我睡了14个小时。我以为我很疲惫。这是吃晚饭的时间。我必须去!我饿极了。

[我的功课英语作文及翻译

Every May in Chinese lunar calendar is Dragon Boat Festival, do you know anything about it? Let me speak for you.

Once upon a time, there was a patriotic poet Qu Yuan, once he went to Beijing to go to work, see a decline of state variable, then vote Miluo River to commit suicide. Before he died, he wrote a poem. People in order to commemorate the patriotic poet, the annual Lunar New Year in May at the beginning of a dragon boat festival.

The main contents of the Dragon Boat Festival is the dragon boat racing, zongzi.

Dragon boat racing scene is very lively, crowded shore. Just listen to the sound of gunfire, paddled boat people desperately, but the river is full of cheering.

Rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves, is for filling, with glutinous rice. When the package is very sticky, not professionals, but the package is not good!

According to legend, the dragon boat race is to salvage the Miluo River to die of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Threw rice dumplings into the river, is to let the fish and shrimp to eat, not eat Qu Yuans body.

Topic one：Environment Protection（环境保护）

Water Pollution

With the development of industry, water pollution is becoming more serious now. The polluted water not only kills fish, it is also harmful to our health. Many people get sick because they drink the polluted water. In some rivers the water is so dirty that they can even kill plants.

We should fight against the pollution. We should stop using harmful things. I wish it is not a dream that in the near future we can have clean rivers again.

Environment Protection

Nowadays, peoples life has changed a lot with the development of modern technology and economy, which has put lots of negative effects on the environment.

Why this? Because, firstly, some factories are pouring wastes into rivers, lakes, seas and so forth; secondly, because of human activities, a great number of plants and animals are losing their lives; thirdly, using modern machines and chemicals is bad for the environment. Besides these, there are a lot of human activities which have done or are doing harm to our surroundings.

For this, I think, first, our government should make drastic measures to regulate human activities; second, we human beings should take pains-taking work to stop ourselves destroying the environment and try our best to protect our living space more.

Forest Pretention保护森林

[精选高一上学期英语期末考试话题作文

I have a lovely little dog named Dion. He looks pretty with short legs, big ears and short tail. He is my good friend and he is also easy to take care of. I walk him at least twice a day, feed him and spend time with him. He also gives his love to me in return. He is always there to lick me and lie on me. I like playing with him. I think he can tell when I am happy, sad, angry or touble. Sometimes he can be noisy and run around the room.

In a word, he is not only my dog, but also my friend.

我有一个可爱的小狗戴恩命名。他看起来很短的腿，大耳朵和短尾巴。他是我的好朋友，他也很容易照顾。我送他一天至少两次，喂他，和他在一起。他也给了他对我的爱的回报。他总是在那里舔我躺在我。我喜欢和他玩。我认为他能告诉我开心时，悲伤，生气或烦恼。有时他会吵和运行在房间里。

总之，他不仅是我的狗，而且是我的朋友。

[动物园的三年级英语作文带翻译

In the morning, it is very fine! Then I climb the mountain with family, the

air on the mountain is very fresh, the flowers plants and trees on the mountain

all seem extremely beautiful. In the afternoon, I go to friends home to play,

the friend entertains me warmly, show me a lot of books of his , has listened to

his CD for me , then also ask me to eat a sumptuous dinner. Coming back home in

the evening, family and I sat and watched TV together, we are returning and

eating the fruit while chatting, the whole family is happy and harmonious!

早上，天气非常好!于是我和家人一起去登山，山上的空气非常清新，花草树木在山上都显得格外美丽。在下午，我去了朋友家玩，朋友热情地招待我，给我看了他的很多书，给我听了他的CD，然后还请我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。晚上回到家，我与家人坐在一起看电视，我们还一边聊天一边吃着水果，全家其乐融融。

Aducation is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.

In some modern countries it has been fashionable to think that free education for all can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough.We find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees refusing to do what they think is "low"work, and. in fact, working with ones hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.

But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor~ we can live without education,but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns.

In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work is suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of ones work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.

我住在大学里面，大学生骑自行车的需求特别大，所以，在经常看到在自行车密集的区域会有不少整整齐齐的小红车、小蓝车、小黄车;他们都是各式各样的共享自行车，来自摩拜、ofo、小鸣、小蓝等等公司。

但近来，这样的漂亮、齐整、有标识性的自行车就越来越少能见到了。偶尔，又会在离宿舍较远的小树林边、人迹罕至的实验楼背后、偏远的厕所旁边，发现里面居然藏着几辆小黄车或小红车。

那时我就在想了，这种共享自行车，要破坏芯片、据为己有，太容易了;技术上怎么监测并实时制止?车子就放在路边，就算我弄坏它，只要不抓现行谁又能奈我何?道德成本也是成本，造成的损耗怎么分摊?利润又如此之薄，它怎么赢利?

许多社会新闻也在辅证着我的这些忧虑。今天，我看了一篇刷屏的《共享单车，真是一面很好的国民照妖镜》，里面实拍了对共享自行车花样繁多的破坏与毁损;我不由得一声长叹：“我向来不惮于以最大的恶意揣测中国人”，但是，仍然赶不上这些人的想象力：谁能想到，还有人把针插在共享自行车的坐椅上?

▍一

也许是现在的投资环境太美妙了，共享自行车的创业公司仍然处于蜜月期当中。2017 年才过了不到两个月，摩拜就宣布了 2.15 亿美元融资，接着又有报道称ofo正在准备新一轮1.5 亿美元投资，估值达到了10亿美元。在可预见的一段时间里，这些公司仍有大量的钱可以烧。

但如何能盈利，并不容乐观。而其中首先要面对的，就是作为公共自行车的损坏、偷盗与故意破坏等问题。

公用物品，必然有损耗。之前，我想象的是，共享自行车有一部分是无可避免的常规损坏，例如，日晒雨淋，折旧，偶尔的小型事故。一部分是对人性的合理恶估，包括极低比率的偷盗或损毁。就像开架超市一样，这可预估的，可以预先打入成本估算当中。

可现实却非如此。结合之前媒体的种种报道，才明白这个社会的恶毒含量远远高于可预测值。比如说，把共享自行车扛回家或锁进楼道里，把共享车放进汽车后尾箱开到另一城市使用，把它加两把锁收归自己独享，把它粉刷了另一种颜色、加上儿童坐椅专用。

又比如，把共享自行车砸烂的，拆掉车头、坐椅、脚踏的，把轮子卸掉的，把车子扔在河里的，把车子挂树上的，把几十上百辆共享车堆在废墟里无法使用的。

还有人把坐椅上插上针，谁用就坑谁;有的大爷大妈们直接把共享车用绳子围起来，每次使用就交一块钱给他们……至于把二维码刮掉，把芯片损坏，把号牌拆了，简直就不值一提了。

我不得不认为，共享自行车在中国的推广，非常不合时宜。之所以超市、书店可以开架，是因为其选购商品全程处于监控之下，还有一个出入门的警铃，商品的单件价值也相对不高;一旦偷东西，罪责十分鲜明。因此风险可控。而自行车，整个城市天高任鸟飞，高使用率才能分摊自行车的成本;一旦严格管理，限定使用区域，共享自行车就失去了存在的意义。为了防止这些道德风险，需要极高的管理水平，精确的控制;而一旦投入精力去精准管理了，这个成本就太高了。

在没有设计出有效管理的技术手段之前，这种共享带给社会的收益会远远小于其投入。

它所照出的这些妖孽，很多已经脱离了“没公德”的范畴了，一部分人相当于盗窃，另一部分人则是属于破坏公共财物。只不过金额大小问题而已。但在“共享”这面旗帜下，违法成本极低。共享共享，我也有份享用啊;我拿走了一辆自行车而己，难道你还能把我抓起来?隔壁的张三这样干，李四也这样干，他们都没事，你凭什么说我?

这种没有监管，全靠每个人自觉的“共享经济”，不啻于把小鱼干摆在猫的面前，却禁止它吃。广州这样的大城市，一千七百万人，只需十万分之一的人“素质低”，那么，共享就会失败。

不要考验人性。凡是考验人性的产品，很快都会笑不出来了。

▍二

这二十多年来，素质低、没有公德心这种负面评价，就如中国人的附骨之蛆一样，一时半会儿很难摆脱。破坏共享自行车这样的公共财物如此，插队、随地吐痰、闯红灯、乱穿马路、乱涂乱画、随地大小便、欺凌服务人员等等，也如此;现在有了网络，由这些不守小道德引起的小纠纷，更是经常演变成“素质大讨论”，最后变成嘲讽的大合唱。

中国人的“素质”当然不是这二三十年来才突然变差的。只不过以前在封闭与极端贫穷的时候，这些细枝末节不值得去计较;如今富裕了，公共空间多了，有了对比，方才觉得格外地刺目。

其实我很怕用“素质论”这样的词。这意味着，这赋予了一些人拥有裁决权，它有权力把人遴选为“高素质的”与“低素质的”;同时，可以分配给“低素质者”更少的权利，因为他不配享有。这里就会变成这个裁决权在谁手里，他如何分配权利问题了。

但实际上，大量的所谓“低素质者”，并不是与生俱来的，而是社会环境鼓励与怂恿的结果，是无规则、无是非、无法律的结果;他们是社会培养出来的。扭转这些人的“素质”，甚至不需要长期的教育，只要严格地按照法律法规执行，结结实实地让破坏公共道德的人付了代价，他们的逆毛马上会顺过来，服服帖帖了。

几乎我们日常看到的各种各样的没有公德心的“缺德事”，肇始者理直气壮，无不是因为这两个原因：一，“很多人都这么做”，集体当中没有是非;二，做的人基本上不受惩罚，无需付出代价。

就像前两天，有清洁工刮花了别人的豪车还满地撒泼，说没钱，最后该赔几千的只赔了500元，还有网友批评这司机不仁慈，本不该拿赔偿。——当然，你也可以说这位撒泼的女性“素质低”，但这种“素质低”，是特定环境下理性选择的结果：不守交通规则、颠倒是非是有效的，还可以降低犯错成本。这一定律常年发挥作用，行人乱穿马路，“凑齐七个就一起闯红灯”，电动车、自行车随意穿插变道闯红灯，因为行人再不守交通规则汽车也不敢撞过来啊。而敢闯红灯的司机绝对没有那么多。真的因为开车者素质高吗?不，因为电子眼看得牢、罚得重，一旦出了事故更是罚到倾家荡产，把牢底坐穿。

到了最后，那些在路边等绿灯、守规则的行人，看着一拔又一拔的闯红灯的人都过了马路了，免不了怀疑自己是不是搞错了。这样的情况只要发生多次，很自然就学会闯红灯了。

社会公德这种事，是靠遵守出来的，是靠判别是非、处理公正培养出来的，而不是靠解散“低素质”人群、天降“高素质”人群得来的。

在不同的场景之下，高素质与低素质是有可能转换的。当然，最好的那一部分自律的人能在任何情形之下都慎独;但不可否认，更多的人的行为是与周遭环境的反应是一致的。就像勒庞在《乌合之众》里说的一样，“在孤立的情况下，他可能是个有教养的人，但在一个群体当中，他是一个野蛮人，也是一个行为受本能支配的动物。”

这种身份切换，与中国社会普遍存在的“从众心理”与“法不责众”的心态密切相关。因为个人的行为权责非常明确;而集体中责任是分散的，不明确的，所以可以恣意地不负责。一旦群体中的人犯了错，会被分摊到群体中的所有人身上;所有人都有责任，也就等于所有人都没有责任。

就如共享自行车的损毁，只要没抓现行，每一个个人的责任，被化解到成千上万个城市居民手中了。当他加入了没有责任感的群体，并预判自己不会受到惩罚时，便就完全地释放了自己野蛮与破坏性的本能。

如果不给“法不责众”以机会，来一个罚一个，来一双罚一双，把每个人从“群体”当中剥离出来，每个人都必须独立地为自己行为负责，实际上，这些基于“闯红灯”而临时结成的“违规共同体”，便不攻自灭。

(昨天，一位月入过万的研究生毕业的白领，把共享车刷上漆、安上坐椅，被拘留14天。)

并不是说西方发达国家的人天然就“素质高”，人家只不过不喜欢集体生活与集体主义，也难享受到集体氛围带来的催眠一样的野性唤起而已。另一方面，人家对违反社会公德的行为，该罚就罚，毫不手软，大大地提高了干缺德事的风险。

共享经济这种事，不能指望全民忽然提高素质;只能建立起良好有效的追踪与惩罚机制，只要盗用与损毁的，都能得到严厉追究甚至法律制裁，那么，还用担心使用者素质不高吗?

Dear John,

亲爱的约翰：

Long time no see, how is your summer vacation? I’m really sorry for writing so late. I have been too busy at this moment. I am happy to hear that you have traveled to Tibet at this summer holiday. How I wish I could go there with you!

好久不见，你的`暑假过得还好吗?很抱歉那么晚才写信给你。这段时间我真的太忙了。我很高兴听说暑假你去了西藏旅游。我真希望我也和你一起去。

Let me tell you something about my summer holiday. My summer holiday is rich and colorful. My parents take me to Hong Kong. That’s a beautiful place. I buy a lot of funny things at there. Such as pretty dresses, cute dolls and the snacks I never eat before. I really want to stay there and never come back! In a word, I really appreciate the life there.

让我告诉你我的暑假趣事吧。我的暑假过得丰富多彩。我父母带我去了香港。那是个美丽的地方。我在香港买了很多新奇的玩意。比如漂亮的裙子，可爱的娃娃和一些从来没有吃过的零食。我真想待在那里再也不回来了。一句话，我喜欢那里的生活。

I’m really looking forward to your reply!

我很期待你的回复!

Truly yours,

Zoey

你忠实的朋友

柔伊

In recent years, the air-conditioner has become one of the many indispensable electrical appliances for thousands upon thousands of families, especially those in the south, where the intense heat overwhelms the earth throughout the summer. The advantages of the air-conditioner are self-evident. Armed with the ability to refrigerate, the air-conditioner makes you feel refreshing and comfortable no matter how hot it is outside. Thus it guarantees the efficiency of your work and the quality of your rest. Without it there would be no knowing what would happen to you in the dog days. Moreover, it can also create a proper condition in summer for the operation of computers -- the best friends of yours in the information age. Too high a temperature would make computers work improperly, causing much inconvenience for your daily life and work.

With all the advantages the air- conditioner offers, its disadvantages are also obvious. To begin with, the installment of the air-conditioner always involves the hole making in the wall, which undoubtedly makes the wall less pleasing to the eye than if not. Besides, the air-conditioned environment may make you more and more dependent on the air-conditioner, thus physically weakening your ability to cope with hot weather. Most important, the air - conditioned environment provides poor ventilation, and sometimes may even give rise to a strange kind of smell, which makes you feel dizzy and sick. Consequently, you will be in no mood for enjoying the cool air produced by the air- conditioner.

All things considered, I think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. Actually, nothing in the world is perfect. It is unwise to make light of the favorable aspects of a thing on account of its unfavorable aspects. The same is true of the attitude you take towards the air-conditioner.