初一上学期英语作文怎么写精选20篇

1、请以“_________，我的最爱”为题，写一篇文章。 要求：

(1)请将题目补充完整。例如：妈妈、家里的猫咪、故乡的小河、蜘蛛侠……

(2)运用记叙文写你最熟悉的内容，表达你的真情实感。

(3)写作中不得出现真实的姓名、班级。

(4)字数不少于600字。

2、还记得临出门时被妈妈拦住“逼”你喝牛奶吗? 还记得坐在电脑桌前被爸爸强行关机“押”回书桌吗?还记得你在大嚼田园汉堡时妈妈喝着红茶微笑地注视着你的神态吗?还记得你做错事时老师严厉的目光吗?……爱是絮絮叨叨，琐琐碎碎，爱是细微未节，鸡毛蒜皮。请在横线上填上妈妈或爸爸或老师，使题目完整，然后作文，注意要写出真情实感，字数在550字以上。

我明白了

3、在生活中，人与人之间的交往常使我们悟出一些做人的道理。你一定会有这样的经历或见闻，对这些道理也会有自己的认识。请以“做人要-----------”为题，写一篇文章。 要求：1、可以从以下10个词语中选择一个，与上面的题干组成题目，这十个词语是：诚实、真诚、守信、宽容、正直、尊重他人、有责任感、有孝心、有主见、有合作精神。 2、除诗歌、戏剧外，文体不限。要有真情实感，通过具体的事情来表现中心，不得少于600字。 3、不得出现真实的校名、人名。

4、阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。

古代春秋时期，子罕拒绝了一个宋国人向他献上的宝玉。他对献玉的人说：“我把不贪婪当作珍宝，你把美玉当作珍宝。如今，你把它给了我，我们俩都将失去自己的珍宝。不如让我们各人拥有自己的珍宝吧。

美玉是珍宝，美德也是珍宝。其实每个人对“珍宝”的认识不同，每个人都会拥有自己最珍爱的宝物。她可能是一件物品，也可能是一段美好的回忆，一次成功的经验，一个深刻的教训，一句真诚的话语……

请以“珍宝”为话题;写一篇文章。要求：①不少于500字;②题目自拟;③除诗歌外，文体自选;④文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名

5、友谊有时就像花朵，当你孤寂时它会带来一缕温馨和芳香;友谊有时又像火苗，当你寒冷时数它会驱逐严寒，带给你无限的温暖;友谊有时还像雨丝，当你失意时它会滋润你那干涸的心;友谊有时更像一座桥，当你误解时它会沟通你我的情。

请联系自己的学习、生活、交往的实际，以“友谊”为话题，选择一两件事例，或叙述，或抒情，写进你的作文中。要求：以记叙文为主，题目自拟，字迹工整，不少于500字。

6、以《我好想______》为题，写一篇文章。

要求：先把题目补充完整，如“成功”、“有个知心朋友” 、“有自己的小天地”、“快快长大”、“再看一眼”或“美梦成真”、“飞上月球”、“回到过去”等。字迹工整，文体不限，字数不少于500字。

Hello, everyone. This is my English teacher. His name is Wang Nengmin. His English name is Frank. He is a very good English teacher. He speaks English very well. Hes full of humor, too. Hes over 30 years old. He has two small eyes and a small mouth. He is near sighted so he wears glasses. He likes playing computer games and swimming. He also loves reading. He usually reads newspapers after school. His lesson is very interesting. We always learn a lot of things in his lessons. We all like him very much, although he is very strict with us.

Today is the Dragon Boat Festival in the 5th day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. Every year, aunt will pack lots of delicious food. Sweet sweet jujube dumplings for us, especially my mother and I like it best. You can also eat with your elders and sisters at your grandmothers house, and enjoy the Dragon Boat Festival, but this year, it is not so lively. Uncle and aunt went out to earn money. Uncle went out with his sister. There were only three family members and grandparents. It looks very cold.

Early this morning, I have the mother will give me to eat dumplings package dates, who knows but mother was busy with housework. At noon, dad cooked a good meal and cooked food, called grandpa and grandma to come to dinner, but not a bit of a cheerful atmosphere. In the afternoon, in order not to let the festival have a little meaning, my mother and I went out for a stroll with my grandmother. We went to the market, but did not see the shadow of half of the dumplings, to buy dumplings but no jujube. I was disappointed. My mother comforted me and said, "next time you see the decision to sell the zongzi, you can eat it." Its a little better to hear that. Mom visited the clothing store and took us to the home supermarket, and bought some delicious food on the way. From the supermarket out, we have been fruitful.

Back home, I wanted my uncle and aunt, and my four year old sister, so I went online to chat with them, and the little aunt laughed and told me that a lot of jujube zongzi was given to me at the Dragon Boat Festival next year, so I could eat enough. Though we have not been together for Dragon Boat Festival this year, we can also enjoy seeing them online. Uncle and aunt also have an appointment with me. Next year, Dragon Boat Festival will definitely come back for the holidays.

Dear friend,

My name is Wang Lin . Now I live in Hangzhou , China. I want to find a pen pal in England. I’m now 14 years old . I speak Chinese .And I can speak a little English. I like sports ,swimming is my favorite . I also like playing the computer games . My favorite subject in school is math. I like to

go to movies with my friends. My favorite movie is Beauty and Beast . Now I live with my parents .

Can you write to me soon ?

Wang Lin

[初中初一英语介绍自己的作文

My Family

My name is Claire and I’m in my fourteen years old. I live a happy life because I have a warm and harmonious family.

There are four people in my family. They are my parents、my elder brother and me. My parents both are teachers so that my brother and I have been well educated. I am four years younger than my brother who always cares much about me. We have a good relationship, though we quarrel and even fight sometimes. Actually, I am likely to consider it as a sign of love.

In one word, I really love my family. How about yours?

【汉语翻译】

我的家庭

我的名字叫克莱尔,我十四岁了。我过着快乐的生活,因为我有一个温暖和谐的家庭。

我家有四口人，他们是我的父母、我的哥哥和我。我的父母都是教师,我和我哥哥都受过良好教育。我比我哥哥小四岁，他总是非常关心我。我们有良好的关系,尽管有时我们争吵甚至打架。事实上,我可能会认为这是爱的象征。

总之,我真的很爱我的家人。你的家庭怎么样?

新学期新打算，就要有新的目标，开始我们新的旅行，向着我们的新目标去奋斗，去实现我们崇高的理想。下面是小编为您带来的是初一新生活英语作文相关内容，希望对您有所帮助。

With elementary school knowledge, with the character of primary school, with primary school habits, we entered the junior high school gate, at this time, we have become a veritable junior high school students. We are faced with the first turning point in our life, exciting and exciting.

Entering the class, everything is strange, strange students, strange teachers, even tables and chairs are strange, I am happy, I am lonely.

Look at the timetable. Im almost shocked. So many classes, what history, biology, geography... Its so scary. And this is the textbook, I have never touched, I am happy, I am helpless.

In class, or the teacher speaks too fast, or I do not have books, and do not listen, I lost, I confused. If I listen carefully, even to the realm of self denial, I rejoice, and I rejoice.

Ah! This magical first day! Turn me into a sentimental person, turn me into a sentimental person, change me into a wise and sensible person, and turn me into a person who knows how to value time.

Now I realize how beautiful this new stage and new life are!

带着小学的知识，带着小学的性格，带着小学的习惯，我们踏进了初中的大门，此时，我们已是名副其实的初中生。我们面临着人生中第一个转折点，又是激动，又是兴奋。

踏进班级，一切都是陌生的，陌生的同学，陌生的老师，就连桌椅也是陌生的，我高兴，我寂寞。

看看课程表，我差不多快惊呆了，这么多门课，什么历史呀、生物呀、地理呀......真是多得让人感到可怕。而且这是课本都是我从没接触过的，我欢乐，我无助。

上课时，或是老师讲得太快，或是我没有书，而听不进去，我失落，我迷茫。若我听得很认真，甚至到了“忘我”的境界，我喜悦，我欢腾。

啊！这神奇的初一啊！把我变成了一个多愁善感的人，把我变成感情丰富的人，把我变成一个乖巧懂事的人，把我变成一个懂得珍惜时间的人。

现在，我才领悟到，初一这个新阶段、新生活是多么美好啊！

[初一新生活英语作文

Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then well show him around the city.Well go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then well visit some insteresing places.Tony will live in my house during the holiday.I hope well have a good time.

As it’s known to all, China is popular for its emperor of bicycles. This is

because our country is still a developing country and few people can afford

private cars. The demand for a means of transport is met by making millions of

bicycles available.

Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving a car. First, it is a

physical exercise to ride a bicycle. In contrast, sitting in the car, one tends

to gain weight. Besides, it is much more economical to ride a bike than drive a

car. On the one hand, the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is the annual tax.

However, the annual fees for a car are costly. On the other hand, a bike neednt

be equipped with a parking lot, but a car must. Most important of all, it is

beneficial to the environment to ride a bicycle because the bike doesnt consume

petrol; it is a pollution-free transport. In contrast, the exhaust released by

the car is harmful to the environment.

Since China is a developing country with a large population, bicycles will

still be the most popular means of transport in China for quite a long time.

Most people will still ride bicycles to go to work or to school. The emperor

country of bicycles will remain for at least dozens of years.

Love is a stranger a hand; Love is the teacher sets a white hairs in the homework; Love is the mother of a move, let you feel the warm.

A little boy, I hate my mom, but since that time, I understand the mothers love.

On one occasion, I was just about to do the homework, but found that I lost my homework, Im afraid I carelessly, didnt see it, just opened the bag, take out your book all, one by one to find, but not yet, my heart suddenly tense up, thought: without the book I cant do the homework, tomorrow, but how to account with the teacher! True when I worry, mom came back, I just want to let my mother to help me get to the school, but have to see mother look very embarrassing, appear very tired, very worry, dont let mother go, cant replacement tomorrow, let mother go, mom look very tired today, should have a good rest at home. When my mother found my exception, a little angrily said: "what are you doing! Dont do your homework?" I speak hesitatingly ground to say: "my homework...... in the school, cant... help me to get?" After mother, drop a words: "I cant help you any more, let you suffer, next time do not!" I reluctantly went back to the room and felt very upset, and in the end I had to do other homework well first, after a while, I heard a door shutting, also didnt care.

The next morning, I was bedding bag, found that fall in the school yesterday book appear in the table above, feel very strange, suddenly recalled that door shutting in the brain, ask mother, mother said: "I cant help you with, it must be you didnt see!" But I think mother lying, ask grandma, grandma, mother to help me to get in the rain at night, my heart was warm, head emerge with a tired mother help me to take his umbrella rain notebook.

At this point, the warmth welled up in my mind.

爱是陌生人的一把搀扶;爱是作业本里老师落下的一根白发;爱是母亲的一个举动，让你体会到温暖。

小的时候，我讨厌我的妈妈，但从那次以后，我懂得了妈妈的爱。

有一次，我正准备做作业，可是发现我的作业本不见了，我怕是我粗心，没看见，就翻开书包，把本子全都拿出来，一本一本的找，可还没有，我的心一下子紧张了起来，心想：没有了本子我就没法做作业了，明天可怎么跟老师交代呀!真当我犯愁的时候，妈妈回来了，我就想让妈妈帮我到学校拿一下，可有看妈妈脸色很难堪，显得十分疲倦，就很忧虑：不让妈妈去吧，明天没法交代，让妈妈去吧，妈妈今天看起来很累，应该在家好好休息。就在这时妈妈发现了我的异常，有点生气地说：“你在干嘛呀!不好好做作业?”我吞吞吐吐地说：“我的……作业本……在学校里，能不能……帮我去拿一下呀?”妈妈听后，丢下一句话：“我可不会再帮你了，让你吃吃苦头，下次就不会这样了!”我无可奈何地回到了房间，心里忐忑不安，最后我只好先把其他的作业做好，过了一会儿，我听到了一声关门声，也没怎么在意。

第二天早上，我正在理书包的时候，发现昨天落在学校里的本子出现在桌子上面，感到很奇怪，突然脑子里回想起那关门声，就去问妈妈，妈妈说：“我可没帮你拿，准是你自己没看到!”可我觉得妈妈在撒谎，就去问奶奶，奶奶说是妈妈晚上冒雨帮我去拿的，我的心一阵温暖，脑袋里浮现着劳累了一天的妈妈打着伞冒着大雨帮我拿本子的情形。

此时，阵阵暖意涌上我的心头。

My summer vacation of this year was very enjoyable. I went to the countryside to spend my summer holidays. It is very beautiful there. There are green plants, clear rivers, lovely animals kind people. I spent two weeks helping my grandfather do some farm work there. I wrote down what happened in my diary every day.

今年的暑假生活非常愉快。我去农村过暑假。这是非常美丽的。有绿色的植物，清澈的小河，可爱的动物和善良的人们。我花了两个星期，我的祖父帮助做一些农场工作。我写下每天发生在我的日记。

Besides that, I helped the children in the neighbourhood with their lessons. I helped them read English improve their spoken English. Their parents thanked me for this.

另外，我帮助邻居家的孩子做功课。我帮他们读英语，提高他们的英语口语。他们的父母为此很感激我。

“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。”这句名言不正是赞扬老师那种无私奉献的精神吗？如果说“妈妈”是我们来到世界上的第一声呼唤，那么“老师“就是我们步入文化知识的第一声称呼。在这六年的小学生活里，有许多老师曾教过我，在他们的辛勤培育下，让我懂得了做人的道理和中国深渊的文化知识，在这么多位教过我的老师中，我最喜爱的老师就是现在的班主任欧阳老师。

欧阳老师是一位可亲可敬、关爱学生的优秀老师。我们班在学校算是很出名，每个老师来上课都会以笑脸而来，伤心而回。从此我们班在学校就出名了，每个老师都不愿意来我们班上课，只有欧阳老师依然不放弃我们。这也因为我们班的同学很调皮，经常为一两句不中听的话发生争执，为一两件微不足道的事情而打架，使到整个班变得很乱。

虽然欧阳老师也曾对我们失望过，但她并没有因此放弃我们，而是更加耐心地教育我们，让我们懂得做人的道理，让我们知道父母最大的希望就是自己的孩子能够出人头地，不在受没有文化的苦，欧阳老师总是以一些特别的方式让我们记住以往的教训，做到知错能改、诚实守信，不仅是在课堂上还是在课外，欧阳老师总是能给我们一种和蔼可亲，平易近人的感觉。经过几年的奋斗，终于，欧阳老师的付出得到了回报，在去年的期末考试中我们班的成绩在十几个学校中，拿到了第二名，给学校争了很大的光，不管怎么说这也是欧阳老师的功劳呀！

欧阳老师非常关爱学生。记得有一段时间，快临近期末考试，水痘传染很厉害，尤其像学校人多密集的地方，传染的更快。学校各班都有人感染水痘，我们班也有个别同学感染，一请假就是一两个星期，对学习影响很大。欧阳老师为了防止传染水痘的同学成绩下降，就叫一些基础好的同学帮他们补习，一有不明白的问题欧阳老师就耐心的讲解，直到同学弄懂题意，有时还印一些练习卷来做，然后根据同学容易做错的题目，在仔细地讲解，直到同学做对为止，她才慢慢地离去，做自己的工作，老师的付出让同学们对考试也更有信心了，果然在期末考试中，我们拿到了好成绩，算是给欧阳老师的惊喜吧！

我即将毕业了，但欧阳老师为我们班做的一切一切，令我肃然起敬，在这的六年的小学生活里，是您给了我世界上最宝贵的东西—知识；是您让我的成绩和写作水平渐渐的提高；是您让我懂得了做人的道理和做事的原则；是您让我从一个丑小鸭变成里一只美丽的天鹅；是您用知识的源泉改变了我的人生；是您创造了一个全新的我。我会永远记住这为可亲可敬、关爱学生的优秀老师—欧阳老师。

My New Life

This summer, I move to a new city with my parents, and I transfer to a new school. I used to live in the countryside, so my new life is so different from before. The school is a little far from my home, so I go to school by bus. After school, I have many activities in school. Classmates are friendly to me. I learn English now. It’s so interesting that I like it very much. Besides, life in city is different. There are many interesting places to go. At weekends, my parents take me outside. We go to the park, the zoo or go shopping. But we are not so familiar with our neighbors. I think we should build good relationship with them.

【参考译文】

这个夏天，我和爸爸妈妈搬到了一个新的城市生活，我也转到了新的学校上学。以前，我住在乡下，所以我现在的生活和以前有很大不同。学校离我的家稍远，所以我要坐公交车去上学。课后，我在学校有很多活动。同学们对我也很有好。现在我开始学英语了，这门课程很有趣，我很喜欢。另外，在城市里的生活也很不一样，有很多好玩的地方可以去。周末，我的爸爸妈妈常常带我出去。我们去公园、动物园，或者去购物。但是我们和邻居们不是很熟悉，我觉得我们应该建立良好的关系。

"New Years day, New Years day!"The children were grinning from ear to ear on the grass.

The children in the square had some firecrackers and some around the fire.

At night, the sky becomes a colorful kaleidoscope.There are all kinds of firecrackers on the ground, red and red lanterns.From a distance, ah!It is more beautiful than spring, hotter than summer, richer than autumn, and more magnificent than winter.

There was a tray of candy and reunion dinners.Everyone happily gathered together, happily ate the reunion dinner, said to each other: "happy New Year to you!"I also say to everyone: "happy New Year!"

“过年了，过年了!”孩子们在草地上高兴得合不拢嘴。

广场上孩子们有的放鞭炮，有的围着火炉团团转。

夜晚，天空变成一个五彩缤纷，光彩夺目的万花筒;地上有各种各样的花炮，红红火火的灯笼。从远处一看，啊!比春天还美丽，比夏天还红火，比秋天还丰富，比冬天还壮观!

家里摆着一盘盘糖果和团圆饭。大家开开心心地聚在一起，高高兴兴地吃团圆饭，互相说声：“祝你新年快乐!”我也跟大家说：“新年好!”

hello, everyone! my name is i’m a student in a very beautiful school called liangbing middle school and i am in class 1 grade 7.my hometown liangbing is also a beautiful town. i’m very happy and i like to make friends with others. i  also like singing but traveling is my favorite, i have been to  many interesting places in china but i haven’t been to other  countries. what a pity!

at school, i study chinese,math, english, history, politics  and so on. i like all of them. i often help my teacher takecare of my class and i think i am a good helper. i live with my parents and we go home on time every day.

when i am at home, i often help my mother do some housework and my

mother said i am a good helper, too. my mother is a barber.she cuts hair very well.she is kind.many people like her. she often teaches me the way of

learning well, if you want to learn english well, here is some of my advice. at first , you must read many articles and know many words, if you meet up with some new words, you can look them up in the dictionary, you should know their meanings, how to read them and spell them. if you keep working hard, you will be successful. then, you ought to speak english as much as possible. remember an old saying, nothing is impossible in the world if you put your heart into it.  that’s all, thank you.

Climbing

Its spring now. The weather is warm and comfortable. Its a good time for hiking. Therefore, my teacher organized a climbing for us. There is a beautiful mountain in my city and its target this time. We took bus there and arrived there at 9 a.m.. After we took off the bus, we started to climb. The mountain is high but the scenery is beautiful. We are so excited that we climbed fast at first. But after a while, some of us were tired,especially girls. They did not want to go on anymore. But some others encouraged and helped them. All of us slowed down our speed, so that no one was left behind. About 11:00 a.m., we got to the top of the mountain. We were so happy that we did it. We feel that all the tiredness were worth it. 初中英语作文

现在是春天。天气非常的温暖和舒适。这是一个远足的好时机。因此，我的老师为我们组织了登山的活动。在我们的城市有一个美丽的山，这一次的目标就是它。我们乘搭巴士，并在早上9点抵达。我们下车后，我们开始向上爬。山不是很高，但风景秀丽。我们很高兴，我们爬上第一快。但一段时间后，我们有些人累了，尤其是女孩子。她们不想上去了。但另一些人鼓励和帮助她们。由于我们都放慢我们的速度，所以没有人被落下。上午11:00左右，我们到了山顶。我们很高兴我们做到了。我们觉得这所付出的汗水是值得的。

Mom was always right in my eyes before. This is what mom implanted into my mind. Every sentence she said to me was correct. So I got used to following her words. Then there came one thing lately, which made mom herself admit that she was wrong. The fact goes like this. Although mom loves me, she doesn’t like girls. So she wanted all along to have a boy.

But what she did violated the birth control policy of China. She was seriously condemned. It seemed that mom’s dream of having a boy had come to nothing. Mom, I really thought you were right at the beginning, but I was wrong.

[I Thought You Were Always Right初一英语作文

Another new term comes again,so i should have a study plan to promot myself.

firstly ,i descide to finish my homework more carefully than before.And pay more attention to the knowledge which i didn t know it clearly.

secondly,i will do a lot of read to widen the range of my knowledge.and try to combine thoery to practice.

Finally,i will learn to adjust, to be more positive and more helpful.

That s what i plant to do in a new term.

[初中英语作文：the plan for the new term 新学期的打算

假设你叫李红，请你给Lucy写一封信，向她介绍你的家庭情况和学校情况，60词以上。

X. One possible version：

May 23th， 2005

Dear Mr Qiu，

Thank you so much for teaching me so well. You are very kind to me. During the last three years I have learnt a lot of knowledge from you. I’ll never forget you. I’ll keep on studying hard as usual in the senior middle school.

Wish you success in the future teaching work. Wish you a healthy body for ever. And wish you a happy life in the future. And I also hope that everything will go well in our school！ Best wishes for you and for our school！

Your student，

Li Hong

[初一英语上册作文写给Lucy的一封信

As a middle school student, my study burden is heavier than before. Therefore, I must make a good plan for my study to make the effort effective and set sometime aside for playing. Firstly, I will make a big plan for this term and set a goal for it. I want to be the top three of my class in the final exam, so that I must work hard for it. In addition, I will make plans for several short periods, such as monthly plan and weekly plan. By doing so, I can clearly know what my major task of different. Finally, daily plan is necessary, too. Write down my tasks for everyday and finish them strictly. Remember not put tasks until tomorrow. With these different plans, I can arrange my time reasonably and get sometime to play.

翻译：

作为一名初中生，我的学习负担比以前更重了。因此，我必须给我的学习制定计划从而使努力更有效果，同时腾出一些时间去玩。首先，我会为这学期制定一个大的计划并设立目标。我想要在期末考试中取得前三名，所以我必须为之努力。其次，我会制定几个短期的计划，比如说月计划和周计划。这样一来，我就能够清楚的知道我主要的不同的任务是什么。最后，每日计划也是必要的。写下我每天的任务并严格完成它们，记住不要把今天的任务留给明天。有了这些不同的计划，我就可以合理的安排时间，并抽出时间来玩。

In this chapter of the novel,Jane met her new friend-Helen.What Helen said really impressed me a lot,driving me think deeply.

“Life is too short to hate other people.We all have faults,but when we die,only the pure flame of the spirt will be left.Thats why I never think of revenge,I never consider life unfair.I live in calm,looking forward to the end."

Honesly speaking,I complained about my life or people around me now and again,wodering why it was always unfair to me.However,think it over,I shouldt have been so mean.Time flies.We need to expand the width of life instead of wasting time to think about something meaningless.

又是一个开学季，我经历过六年的开学典礼，可是这一次是代表着中学生，当然要有一点饱满的激情来对待了。

整理好着装，来到母校，焕然一新，有阳光照耀，有绿叶挥洒，有朋友陪伴，有书本聚会，呵呵，其实挺开心的。可是唯一忘不了的是小学时光，可这有什么办法呢？曾经的欢声，曾经的笑语，曾经的辛酸，曾经的打闹，它像一根长长的线伴随着我蔓延。但是现在我要把它深深埋在心底，永驻心灵，开始自己一个新的旅程，让未来不是梦想。汇聚心底，蔓延心灵，只要努力，就有回报。带着微微的激动打开了书本的第一页、第二页、第三页，慢慢的，我对新学期的书本感兴趣去极了，于是我又忍不住多多翻开了几页，可又有一点不忍心。踏入这个教室，有新朋友与我聊聊天，打打闹，挺不错的。

初中来了，我要从一名幼稚天真烂漫的小孩变成一个成熟稳重的初中生了，我要好好把握一切的一切，好好努力好好加油，争当文明中学生，为毕业班做榜样！

[初一作文400字：新学期