腊八英语作文写作素材（实用20篇）

On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes(节日服装)knock on their neighbors’ doors and yell "Trick or Treat" when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. As they give each child a treat the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks.

Since the 800’s November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints’ Day(万圣节). The Mass that was said on this day was called Allhallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hakkiw e’en, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs.

October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic(凯尔特人的)new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year.

Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland and October 31 was no longer the last day of the year, Halloween became a celebration mostly for children. "Ghosts" went from door to door asking for treats, or else a trick would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s the tradition came with them.

Today’ school dances and neighborhood parties called "block parties" are popular among young and old alike. More and more adults celebrate Halloween. They dress up like historical or political figures and go to mmasquerade parties(化妆舞会). In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give parties with games and treats for the children.

Teenagers enjoy costume dances at their schools and the more outrageous the costume the better!

Certain pranks(恶作剧)such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children around the world.

Symbols of Halloween

Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins(小精灵)and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October 31, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes(轮廓)of witches and black cats.

Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o’lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy(吝啬的)that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser(吝啬鬼). He couldn’t enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day(审判日). The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips(芜菁根), beets(甜菜根)or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o’lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o’-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies(糖果)waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!"

[关于万圣节的英语作文素材

2月12日，《人民日报》《光明日报》《经济日报》等中央主流媒体和地方省级党报，均在显著位置刊登了社会主义核心价值观基本内容：富强、民主、文明、和谐;自由、平等、公正、法治;爱国、敬业、诚信、友善。

社会主义核心价值观具有鲜明的时代意义 近日，中共中央办公厅印发了《关于培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的意见》，为积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观指明了方向。党的十八大报告提出，倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐，倡导自由、平等、公正、法治，倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善。这是对社会主义核心价值观的高度概括，反映了现阶段全国人民价值观的“最大公约数”。

一个社会的本质、特征和理想追求集中表现为该社会的核心价值观。社会主义核心价值观是中国特色社会主义的本质要求。富强、民主、文明、和谐是国家层面的价值目标，也是社会主义现代化国家的典型特征，是我国在社会主义初级阶段的奋斗目标。我们要在新中国成立一百年时建成的社会主义现代化国家，正是一个经济富强、政治民主、精神文明、社会和谐的国家。这一价值理想鼓舞人心，满载我们对于祖国未来的美好期望。

自由、平等、公正、法治是社会层面的价值取向，是社会主义社会的基本属性。在进行社会主义现代化建设的实践中，从政治、经济、社会制度的改革，到中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，党和政府不断重视人民的自由和平等，社会的公正和法治。近年来，我们党在实践中不断践行这一崇高理念，正是为了早日实现社会的自由、平等、公正和法治，使人民得到更加自由而全面的发展。

爱国、敬业、诚信、友善是公民个人层面的价值准则，是社会主义社会公民的基本道德规范，其涵盖了社会主义公民道德行为各个环节，贯穿了社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德各方面，是每一位社会主义国家的公民都应当树立的基本价值追求。只要每一位公民都能做到热爱祖国、爱岗敬业、诚实守信、友爱善良，从自己做起，从身边做起，社会一定更加和谐幸福，国家一定更加富强文明。

通过三个层次理念的相互联系、相互贯通，社会主义核心价值观实现了政治理想、社会导向、行为准则的统一，实现了国家、集体、个人在价值目标上的统一，兼顾了国家、社会、个人三者的价值愿望和追求。可以说，这一表述体现了中国特色社会主义事业的发展要求，昭示了中国共产党长期奋斗的一贯主张，继承了中华传统文化精华，汲取了人类文明优秀成果，既坚持了马克思主义的共性又涵盖着中国特色社会主义的个性，既坚守国家社会的目标又张扬了人的主体性，既有深厚的传统底蕴又有鲜明的时代特征，符合历史、合乎实践，贴近民情、顺乎民意，能够发挥出广泛的感召力、强大的凝聚力和持久的引导力。

大力弘扬社会主义核心价值观具有鲜明的时代意义。当下中国，经过历史沧桑巨变，经过改革开放30多年的变革，发生了全面的变化。发展起来以后的中国，对精神信仰、伦理道德、社会风尚的关注更甚以往，对主流价值和共同信念的归属感尤为强烈。倒地老人“扶还是不扶”的热烈讨论，折射出人们对道德良知的珍视与焦灼;教育公平、就业公平、司法公正一再成为舆论焦点，道出了人们对社会规则的态度和期望。人生需要信仰驱动，社会需要共识引领，发展需要价值导航，社会主义核心价值观的指导要求，正对应这三个层面的时代要求，可谓大势所趋、正当其时。这是党的十八大以来，社会主义核心价值观引发热议、产生认同、赢得共鸣的原因所在。

历史证明，一个国家和民族，贫弱落后固然可怕，但更可怕的是精神空虚。没有核心价值观，再丰裕的物质生活也难免让国家社会迷失。中国梦的重要内涵，就是寻求国家的价值内核、实现社会的共同理想、构建国民的精神家园。因此，我们要大力弘扬社会主义核心价值观，将社会主义核心价值观的教育宣传活动，融入国民教育和精神文明建设全过程，为国家发展助力，更为民族进步铸魂。

1、读书欲精不欲博，用心欲专不欲杂。(宋)黄庭坚

2、腹有诗书气自华，读书万卷始通神。(宋)苏轼

3、早知今日读书是，悔作从前任侠非。(唐)李欣

4、读书即未成名，究竟人高品雅。修德不期获报，自然梦稳心安。《对联集锦》

5、求学将以致用;读书先在虚心。《对联集锦》

6、至乐莫如读书，至要莫如教子。《增广贤文》

7、贫寒更须读书，富贵不忘稼穑。(清)王永彬

8、读书志在圣贤，为官心存君国。(清)朱用纯

9、三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时;黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。(唐)颜真卿

10、读书在于造成完全的人格。(英国)谚语

11、读书，这个我们习以为常的平凡过程，实际是人的心灵和上下古今一切民族的伟大智慧相结合的过程。高尔基

12、读书，这个我们习以为常的平凡过程，实际上是人们心灵和上下古今一切民族的伟大智慧相结合的过程。高尔基

13、我们读书时，是别人在代替我们思想，我们只不过重复他的思想活动的过程而已，犹如儿童启蒙习字时，用笔按照教师以铅笔所写的笔画依样画葫芦一般。我们的思想活动在读书时被免除了一大部分。因此，我们暂不自行思索而拿书来读时，会觉得很轻松，然而在读书时，我们的头脑实际上成为别人思想的运动场了。所以，读书愈多，或整天沉浸读书的人，虽然可借以休养精神，但他的思维能力必将渐次丧失，此犹如时常骑马的人步行能力必定较差，道理相同。叔本华

14、读书对于我来说是驱散生活中的不愉快的最好手段。没有一种苦恼是读书所不能驱散的。孟德斯鸠

15、三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时;黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。(唐)颜真卿

16、读书是最好的学习。追随伟大人物的思想，是最富有趣味的一门科学。普希金

17、少年读书，如隙中窥月;中年读书，如庭中望月;老年读书，如台上玩月。皆以阅历之深浅，为所得之深浅耳。张潮

18、读书贵能疑，疑乃可以启信。读书在有渐，渐乃克底有成。《格言联壁》

19、古今来许多世家，无非积德。天地间第一人品，还是读书。《格言联璧》

20、读书如吃饭，善吃者长精神，不善吃者长疾瘤。(清)袁牧

21、读书勿求多，岁月既积，卷帙自富。(清)冯班

22、读书必专精不二，方见义理。(明)薛煊

23、或作或辍，一曝十寒，则虽读书百年，吾未见其可也。(明)吴梦祥

24、读书譬如饮食，从容咀嚼，其味必长;大嚼大咀，终不知味也。(宋)朱熹

25、读书之法无它，惟是笃志虚心，反复详玩，为有功耳。(宋)朱熹

26、为学之道，莫先于穷理;穷理之要，必先于读书。(宋)朱熹

27、读书要玩味。(宋)程颢

28、学乃身之宝，儒为席上珍。君看为宰相，必用读书人。《神童诗·劝学》

29、天子重英豪，文章教儿曹。万般皆下品，惟有读书高。《神童诗·劝学》

30、读书不知味，不如束高阁;蠢鱼尔何如，终日食糟粕。(清)袁牧

31、凿壁偷光，聚萤作囊;忍贫读书，车胤匡衡。(元)许名奎

32、外物之味，久则可厌;读书之味，愈久愈深。(宋)程颢

33、读书当将破万卷;求知不叫一疑存。《对联集锦》

34、立品直须同白玉;读书何止到青云。《对联集锦》

35、勤者读书夜达旦;青藤绕屋花连云。《对联集锦》

36、自家慢诩便便腹，开卷方知未读书。(清)张月楼

37、人家不必论富贵，唯有读书声最佳。(明)唐寅

38、磋砣莫遗韶光老，人生惟有读书好。《宋诗纪要》

39、立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本。(宋)郑耕老

40、读书之乐何处寻，数点梅花天地心。(宋)朱熹

导语：2016年已经到来，关于小升初写作素材，小编收集了一些关于读书的名言希望对打击有所帮助!

1、书是人类进步的阶梯。

2、一日不读口生，一日不写手生。

3、我扑在书上，就像饥饿的人扑在面包上。——高尔基

4、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游

5、读一本好书，就如同和一个高尚的人在交谈——歌德

6、读一切好书，就是和许多高尚的人谈话。——笛卡儿

7、学习永远不晚。——高尔基

8、少而好学，如日出之阳;壮而好学，如日中之光;志而好学，如炳烛之光。——刘向

9、学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆。——孔子

10、读书给人以快乐、给人以光彩、给人以才干。——培根

11、读书，这个我们习以为常的平凡过程，实际是人的心灵和上下古今一切民族的伟大智慧相结合的过程。高尔基

12、读书，这个我们习以为常的平凡过程，实际上是人们心灵和上下古今一切民族的伟大智慧相结合的过程。高尔基

13、我们读书时，是别人在代替我们思想，我们只不过重复他的思想活动的过程而已，犹如儿童启蒙习字时，用笔按照教师以铅笔所写的笔画依样画葫芦一般。我们的思想活动在读书时被免除了一大部分。因此，我们暂不自行思索而拿书来读时，会觉得很轻松，然而在读书时，我们的头脑实际上成为别人思想的运动场了。所以，读书愈多，或整天沉浸读书的人，虽然可借以休养精神，但他的思维能力必将渐次丧失，此犹如时常骑马的人步行能力必定较差，道理相同。叔本华

14、读书对于我来说是驱散生活中的不愉快的最好手段。没有一种苦恼是读书所不能驱散的。孟德斯鸠

15、三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时;黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。(唐)颜真卿

16、读书是最好的学习。追随伟大人物的思想，是最富有趣味的一门科学。普希金

17、少年读书，如隙中窥月;中年读书，如庭中望月;老年读书，如台上玩月。皆以阅历之深浅，为所得之深浅耳。张潮

18、读书贵能疑，疑乃可以启信。读书在有渐，渐乃克底有成。《格言联壁》

19、古今来许多世家，无非积德。天地间第一人品，还是读书。《格言联璧》

20、读书如吃饭，善吃者长精神，不善吃者长疾瘤。(清)袁牧

21、读书勿求多，岁月既积，卷帙自富。(清)冯班

22、读书必专精不二，方见义理。(明)薛煊

23、或作或辍，一曝十寒，则虽读书百年，吾未见其可也。(明)吴梦祥

24、读书譬如饮食，从容咀嚼，其味必长;大嚼大咀，终不知味也。(宋)朱熹

25、读书之法无它，惟是笃志虚心，反复详玩，为有功耳。(宋)朱熹

26、为学之道，莫先于穷理;穷理之要，必先于读书。(宋)朱熹

27、读书要玩味。(宋)程颢

28、学乃身之宝，儒为席上珍。君看为宰相，必用读书人。《神童诗·劝学》

29、天子重英豪，文章教儿曹。万般皆下品，惟有读书高。《神童诗·劝学》

30、读书不知味，不如束高阁;蠢鱼尔何如，终日食糟粕。(清)袁牧

31、凿壁偷光，聚萤作囊;忍贫读书，车胤匡衡。(元)许名奎

32、外物之味，久则可厌;读书之味，愈久愈深。(宋)程颢

33、读书当将破万卷;求知不叫一疑存。《对联集锦》

34、立品直须同白玉;读书何止到青云。《对联集锦》

35、勤者读书夜达旦;青藤绕屋花连云。《对联集锦》

36、自家慢诩便便腹，开卷方知未读书。(清)张月楼

37、人家不必论富贵，唯有读书声最佳。(明)唐寅

38、磋砣莫遗韶光老，人生惟有读书好。《宋诗纪要》

39、立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本。(宋)郑耕老

40、读书之乐何处寻，数点梅花天地心。(宋)朱熹

41、读书欲精不欲博，用心欲专不欲杂。(宋)黄庭坚

42、腹有诗书气自华，读书万卷始通神。(宋)苏轼

43、早知今日读书是，悔作从前任侠非。(唐)李欣

44、读书即未成名，究竟人高品雅。修德不期获报，自然梦稳心安。《对联集锦》

45、求学将以致用;读书先在虚心。《对联集锦》

46、至乐莫如读书，至要莫如教子。《增广贤文》

47、贫寒更须读书，富贵不忘稼穑。(清)王永彬

48、读书志在圣贤，为官心存君国。(清)朱用纯

49、行万里路，读万卷书。

50、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。

51、读书破万卷，下笔如有神。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

导语：随着共享单车逐渐成为一个社会现象，考试中以共享出行出题的几率会越来越高，尽早的积累词汇和内容，未来会减少很多压力哦~下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

仅仅半年的时间，共享单车就席卷了北京的大街小巷，用户数量也在不断增长，骑车出行从原来的鲜有问津变为了如今的一种时尚。共享单车的受欢迎程度让人难以预料，人们同样没想到的是，一辆小小的共享单车也照出了形态各异的世间怪象，不断刷新着遵守规则群体的认知下限。

◆10岁孩子骑共享单车体验“飙车”

在西便门大街、夕照寺街等地被曝出有多名10岁左右的孩子“飙”共享单车，孩子们你追我赶，甚至还在人行道上穿梭。今年1月，深圳某医院小儿骨科收治了三名12岁左右的孩子，这三名孩子均因骑共享单车时发生了摔伤，导致手臂严重骨折。按照我国《道路交通安全法实施条例》规定，驾驶自行车、三轮车必须年满12周岁。最近，上海市已表态严禁12岁以下孩子骑行共享单车。

◆大爷大妈圈车，先给一块钱才能上路

有网友在微博爆料称，ofo“小黄车”在河南郑州已经变了味。郑州满大街的大爷大妈圈块地都说是自己的地方，看管自行车都要收费，不管你是共享单车还是私人自行车。每次去推“小黄车”的时候，都要先拿一块钱给他们，不然不让用。

◆二维码被篡改，车没骑上反被骗

前几天，南京市民刘先生在用车时赫然发现，骗子在共享单车上以假乱真，贴了微信、支付宝的付款码，于是向警方报案。而刘先生遭遇的只是骗术之一。据报道，有骗子会在损坏原始二维码后，重新贴上诈骗二维码，或者利用假的二维码诱导市民下载假租车软件，进而实施诈骗。

◆加私锁、搬回家，明天我还骑这辆

去年12月，北京市民张女士向媒体反映，在地铁7号线焦化厂站外停了多辆ofo共享单车，却因为有人加了私锁不能使用。“我实在是气不过，好几辆车都加了锁，谈何共享?”而在最常见的加装私锁之外，媒体也曾曝光，有使用者将共享单车搬到家门口、骑进自家车库等行为，共享沦为了“私享”。

◆买辆二手车，却是刷了漆的共享单车

市民林先生在二手交易网站买了辆黑色自行车，买到手后发现车座高度没法调，修车时才得知居然是刷了漆的共享单车。除了被偷后转卖，共享单车被破坏的事件也屡屡发生，仅去年12月一个月，北京就有7起共享单车损毁事件，主要出现在亮马河畔、宋家庄地铁口、管庄地铁口、金台路等地。

◆反正我用完了，停成什么样与我何干?

多地媒体曾经报道，一些使用者只图自己方便，往往在到达目的地后，便将共享单车随意停放。可谓“走到哪儿，停到哪儿”、“停在哪儿，扔在哪儿”。而见诸报端的案例中，一些单车歪来倒去，被停放在桥底、公园、绿化带、楼道等地方，甚至停在马路中间。

特别提示

共享单车是分享，不能全靠国民素质。作为共享单车的公司在赚取钱财的同时也要处理好后续问题。比如存放和管理，这些也应该是共享单车的一部分。

1.可是，在你没有亲身试过以前，你不能说“不可能”！在你没有努力奋斗过以前，你也不能谈“无力感”。——龙应台《野火集》

2.假如你能与三教九流为伍而独善其身，与王公贵族同行而不忘本色；假如无论是敌是友都不能伤害到你；假如所有的人对你来说都一样重要；假如你能把每一分钟的时光化作六十秒的奋斗--你就拥有了整个世界，最重要的是--你就成了一个真正的人，我的孩子！——吉卜林《假如》

3.放弃的理由有很多个，但努力奋斗的理由只有一个，那就是让自己有权力选择自己想要的生活。

4.反正生命不是浪费在玩耍上面，就是浪费在奋斗上面，然而，奋斗的初衷，往往是为了最后能够玩耍，不是吗？

5.你可以一辈子不登山，但你心中一定要有座山。它使你总往高处攀登，它使你总有个奋斗的方向，它使你任何一刻抬起头，都能看到自己的希望。

6.如果你半夜醒来发现自己已经好长时间没读书，而且没有任何负罪感的时候，你就必须知道，你已经堕落了。不是说书本本身特了不起，而是读书这个行为意味着你没有完全认同于这个现世和现实，你还有追求，还在奋斗，你还有不满，你还在寻找另一种可能性，另一种生活方式。——陈平原

7.我想，假如人人都轻而易举的成功了，那么我们就不是人生的参与者，而是生活的旁观者了。要记住，重要的是追求，而不是到达。——《乐在奋斗中》威廉?吉尔兰德

8.清晨，生活给予相同的24小时光阴，差别在于珍惜。别人拥有的不必羡慕，只要努力你也会有；你拥有的不必炫耀，别人在奋斗也会拥有。那些比你走得远的人，不是聪慧，而是每天多走了一步。你若不相信努力和时光，时光定会辜负你。

9.《圣经》上说，“凡奋斗的必经历成长。凡含泪播种的，必含笑收获。”这其实是古老的哲学智慧，而不应该仅仅被理解为信仰的范畴。

10.一个人也许会朝着完美奋斗，但必须在相反的那一面受足够了苦，才能使自己变得完整。——荣格

11.我想，假如人人都轻而易举的成功了，那么我们就不是人生的参与者，而是生活的旁观者了。要记住，重要的是追求，而不是到达。——威廉·吉尔兰德《乐在奋斗中》

12.人生百味，浓缩到最后，就是一个淡字。奋斗是盐，少了它，再好的人生佳肴，皆是食而寡味。鱼和熊掌，不可兼得，这是人生的无奈。成熟的人，能淡然地面对一切不完美，所以不强求，不执着，凡事尽人事，随缘而安。追求完美是美好的理想，接受残缺是美好的心态。

[关于描写奋斗的作文素材参考

导语：.向烈士致敬，是您唤醒了沉睡的中国，是您用鲜血开启了一个新的纪元，您们是中华民族的骄傲，是中华民族的象征。我们更应该珍惜现在的生活，为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗!以下是yuwenmi小编为大家精心整理的缅怀先烈的句子摘抄，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。

2.“桃花红雨英雄血，碧海丹霞志士心。今日神州看奋起，陵园千古慰忠魂!”

3.每次望见五星红旗，就想到你们，各位先烈，是你们的献血染红了它!

4.走近革命义士留念碑，烙印着他们每一个人动摇的信奉!这时，我面前映现了黄继光的高大形象!

5.向革命先烈致敬!感谢先烈们用生命和鲜血换来我们今天的幸福生活!生的伟大，死的光荣!你们的精神永垂不朽!

6.我们手捧鲜花，泪雨洒在了鲜花，给鲜花洒上了一层悲痛。我们悄悄地瞻仰着，深切怀念革命好汉们。

7.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点，我也因此对他们产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。

8.在中国这方热土上，有无数仁人志士，为了民族的解放国家的独立和人民的幸福，抛头颅洒热血，谱写了一篇篇悲壮激越的历史篇章。

9.缅怀革命先烈，黄继光董存瑞还有许多革命先烈，他们为了我们美好的生活，拼死拼活，我们要永远记住它们。没有他们就没有我们今天的美好幸福的生活。我们要好好学习，为国争光。

10.义勇军进行曲当着优美激昂的旋律在耳畔响起，你是否想过，今天我们的幸福生活是谁为我们开阔的，那就是我们革命先烈辛苦奋斗得来的，他们用了多少革命烈士的献血换来的幸福生活，换来我们祖国的繁荣富强。

11.我们怀着悲痛而沉重的心情来到南山寺烈士陵园，缅怀为了祖国的解放和人民的安宁而英勇牺牲的战士，瞻仰他们的丰功伟绩。烈士陵园是那么庄严肃穆，让人不由得肃然起敬。我们先排好了整齐的队伍，然后按要求站好队，认真地聆听主持人的致词。我抬头瞻仰墓碑，墓碑上写者：革命烈士永垂不朽!我想，如果世界上有永垂不朽，那么我相信那是一种精神不悔。我们的先烈们就有这样的不悔，不悔为革命的付出。所以，他们理应受到敬仰!

12.这一座座的墓碑，就代表着一份份的忠诚。他们拼命的战斗难道不是为了祖国的明天，祖国的未来吗?红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话--他们生的伟大，死的光荣。

13.我们的幸福生活是来之不易的，是靠先辈们的辛苦奋战才得来的，是经历许许多多场战争才换来我们美好的今天，才换来我们今天的幸福生活，先烈们的奉献是无私的，是伟大的，更是无可取代的。让我们从现在开始，把先烈的这种精神传扬下去。开创我们更美好的明天。

14.青山来自于土壤，大海来自于溪流，高楼来自于地基，生命来自于母亲。一切有因有果，而我们中国的现在来自于先烈。我心中有一份感激，我无法用语言来表达，但是用最朴实的语句来说：“谢谢!”

15.是他们的生命换来了中国繁荣的今天，是他们的鲜血染红了遍地的桃花。我们怎能忘记这一段段可歌可泣的悲壮史诗?我们怎能忘记那一张张曾经鲜活的面容?让我们静静的追思，深深地缅怀，把最深情的思念和最崇高的敬意，寄托在这鲜花中，让它陪伴在先烈的左右。

16.革命先烈们，你们为人民的利益而死，你们的死重于泰山，你们与青山同在，你们与大地永存。你们永远是我们心中的一块丰碑。

17.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点。

18.向烈士致敬，是您唤醒了沉睡的中国，是您用鲜血开启了一个新的纪元，您们是中华民族的骄傲，是中华民族的象征。我们更应该珍惜现在的生活，为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗!

19.无数的革命先烈抛头颅，撒热血，用鲜血和生命换来我们今天的幸福生活，我要好好学习，珍惜今天的幸福生活，把我们祖国建设的更加繁荣富强!

20.又是一年的清明节，我们在这里缅怀先烈。我们要争做文明学生，创建文明校园。在这些先辈面前，立下不悔誓言，请举起右手，让我们一起宣誓：热爱祖国追求真理，立志成为“有理想有道德有文化有纪律”的一代新人，遵守学生道德行为规范，诚实守信，严格自律，树立良好学风，做一个有道德的人，将来为祖国的繁荣富强作出贡献!

21.我对革命烈士产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。

22.炮声隆隆硝烟洋溢，一个个战士奋勇争先地跟敌人拼命时间如流水，一下子就愉到了拂晓，只见一个身影刚强地向火力点爬去，就在那最后一刻，他张开双臂，向炎力点猛扑从前，用本人的胸膛堵住了敌人的枪口，时光就定格在这一霎时，他是谁?他就是--黄继光。

23.清明节是一个悼念的日子，清明雨纷纭，淅沥不停，那是天在哭，那是每一个人怀念眼泪，走近烈士纪念碑，我们仰望---看到的不是一个普一般通的一片气象，月夜下，好像看到峥嵘岁月中的一个豪杰身影……

24.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。

25.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。

26.谢谢你们为了我们更好滴生活，献出了宝贵的生命。我们会好好珍惜，努力学习你们的精神。将来长大后把我们的国家建设的更加美丽!

27.在米高的纪念碑上写着周恩来总理的题词“革命烈士永世长存”我们就在那里举行了主题大队会，歌声是那么响亮，朗读是那么蜜意，吹奏是那么悦耳，我们无比的冲动，默默地告慰着我们心中的英雄。

28.我热爱烈士，热爱祖国，我为自己是中国人而感到骄傲自豪。我将永远的把自己的一生奉献给祖国。中国有辉煌的历史，有铁一般的热血男儿，有着那种致死不悔的精神，我要做一个堂堂正正的中国人，我祖国的未业而奉献一切。我是革命烈士的后继者，我一生的求学难道不是为了这个目的吗?作为身为中国人的我，去继承先烈的遗志是理所当然的。我真想像烈士那样，做到永垂不朽。我这个报效祖国的决心是无法动摇的。

29.一进摆设馆，最抢眼的就是那幅大型油画，画的是红军步队正在艰巨的爬着山峰，战士们的脚下都是万丈深渊，稍有不慎就会损失性命，可是兵士们并不被艰苦吓倒，他们咬着牙，艰苦的向上爬着爬着，永往直前。

30.今天的鸟语花香，源于您满腔的热血;今天农民伯伯的五谷丰收，是您金灿灿的心愿……我们不能忘记，我们怎能忘记。烈士们的抛头颅，洒热血。安息吧!成睡在地下的英烈们!你们是不朽的，即使再沉睡上一万年，也永远会被人们流传下去!

31.红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话他们生的伟大，死的光荣。

32.只要想着这些革命先烈，我就会觉得自己是多么的美好，在这个富裕的社会主义国家中，我是多么的美满和幸福，而在那个艰苦的斗争社会中，哪有如此美好的生活。我要郑重的烈士们说：“伟大的革命先烈们，你们的斗争胜利了，我们青一代少年将再次继承你们努力开辟下来的光辉道路，我们将要去建设祖国的明天，我会认真的学习，学好本领，长在后再继续工作建设祖国，你们安歇吧!我会努力去做的，我敬爱的烈士们。

33.年年祭扫先人墓，处处有犹长春风，学习先烈革命精神，为振兴中华建功立业，不忘烈士抛忠骨，民族复兴中国梦。清明节到了，今天是无数革命先烈用鲜血和革命换来的，没有你们，我们的祖国也不会繁荣昌盛，我要好好学习。没有你们的英勇献身，就没有我们今天的幸福生活!是你们用铮铮铁骨，托起明天的太阳!是你们用不屈不挠的大无畏，铸就祖国的辉煌!你们的英名永垂不朽，你们的精神万古长青!向你们致敬!向你们学学习!

写作教学对于帮助学生了解英语思维方式，形成用英语进行思维的习惯，提高学生综合运用语言知识的能力大有益处。下面是小编为你带来的小学英语写作技巧指导，欢迎阅读。

对于小学3年级的学生，在他们已经掌握好了如颜色(colour)、衣服(clothes)、数字(number)、星期(day of the week)、月份(month)、宠物(pet)、情感(feeling)、身体部位(body)、文具(school things)的基础上进行文章的填空，如果学生能够按照文章的要求写进相关的信息，那就已经很不错了。下面是一个自我介绍的简单例子：

Myself

Hello，my name is_____. I am_____years old.My favourite colour is_____，_____， and_____.My favourite pet is______，_____ and______. My favourite food is_____，______and______.My favourite day is______. My favourite school thing is______and______.My favourite number is and______.I am______today.

上面的这个例子，如果学生能够依次能吧自己的姓名、年龄、喜欢的颜色、喜欢的宠物、喜欢的食物、喜欢的日子、喜欢的文具、喜欢的数字和今天的心情准确无误地写出来，那么就已经能够完成了3年级阶段的作文要求。

对于4年级的学生，可以写一篇介绍自己课室或者自己卧室的文章。下面是一篇4年级学生的介绍课室范文。

My classroom

I am studying at Tongji primary school.I am in Class Two, Grade Four. (介绍自己所在的学校和所在的年级) There is a blackboard in front of the classroom. There are twenty-five desks in our classroom, they are brown. There are many books on the desk. There are fifty students, thirty boys and twenty girls. There is a picture on the wall. There are two fans on the wall. (用there+be句型把班里和摆设和班上的人数都表达出来了) It is tidy and clean.I like my classroom very much.(最后是作者的总结)

对于5年级的学生，作文的要求也提高了很多，很多学生在介绍别人或者是写自己喜欢的小动物的时候很容易忘了第三人称单数动词要加ses，如：He get up at 7 o’clock(get忘了加s)，在用到现在进行的时候动词很容易忘了加ing(如I am play the piano，play就忘记了加ing)，介词和介词短语也占了很重要的位置如介词in，on，at，of。介词短语如dream of(区分dream that)和be afraid of都是很重要的介词短语，很多学生忘记了介词后面要加动词。

对于6年级的学生，作文考查的是英语的综合应用能力，而且出的题目大部分都是看图作文，这就在一定程度上增加了写作的难度，它也是综合了3年级的分类词汇，4年级的句型，方位介词，5年级的重点介词短语和时态，不过我相信只要平时多点积累单词和句型、多点动笔、多注意语法上的问题、多看作文书，那么就能写出流畅、有深度的文章。

Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.

少用关系代词

学会运用关系代词是你学习英文过程中的一个重要的阶段。学会少用它们则表明你取得了更大的进步。在校对你的作品时，仔细检查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。删除不必要的关系代词会使你的文章更精彩。

Example:

Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

(用两个 that’s，读起来很别扭)

Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

-- Jane Austin

注：被动语态修饰的名词通常不须用关系代词。

Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.

Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.

Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.

Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.

Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.

Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.

Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.

Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.

Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.

Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.

说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等；也可以是抽象的，如概念定律等。

说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有一定的套路可循，因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着对象的不同，具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。

说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点：

1.语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，避免夸张华丽的辞藻，要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。

2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多，但不能喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。因此，练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作，找出最合理的一种。

4.由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此，可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来增加文章的色彩。

在英语教学中，培养学生听、说、读、写的能力是相辅相成的。经常练习写作，可以巩固和发展听说能力 ，还可以促进阅读能力的提高。写作能促使学生勤复习、多思考。通过对一词一句反复推敲，有助于提高使用 语言的准确性。学习用英语写作是培养英语思维能力的重要途径之一，有了一定的英语思维能力，英语学习就 能产生一个相应的飞跃。因此，在高中阶段指导、培养学生写英语作文是不容等闲视之的。

用英语解释生词，为学生打好写作基础。教师应创造语言环境，通过耳濡目染、潜移默化，培养用英语思 维的习惯。在教每课的单词和词组时，要尽量用学生学过的单词、词组进行解释。刚开始时，可由教师用英语 解释生词，后来可让学生根据汉语释意，用自己学过的单词、词组解释。这样，经过一段时间的训练，学生的 英语思维能力就会有所提高，为英语写作打下较好的基础。在作文时，如果不知道某个东西的英语表达方式而 又无词典可查，这时学生就会用其释义来代替，如用“a person who nakes clothes”来代替“atailor”， 这虽不完全符合英语语言习惯，但对初学写作的高中生来说还是值得鼓励的。

通过缩写和改写课文，培养学生的英语概括能力。缩写课文会激励学生去认真钻研课文内容，有助于加深 学生对课文的理解，提高学生归纳总结和进行简要表达的能力。缩写课文允许改动原意，不允许删去主要内容 。缩写课文一般应该用自己的话来写，不能只停留在拼凑原文的词句上，也不要逐句、逐段照原文去改写。这 些均通过示例让学生明白和掌握，并在实践中让他们仔细加以体会。改写课文可以培养学生举一反三的语言表 达能力，熟练掌握英语表达方法，促使学生去钻研、去思考，调动学习的积极性，学生把学过的知识运用到实 际中去，这对于提高英语水平大有裨益。改写，除了我们通常所说的句子、段落的释义之外，还包括用其他体 裁改写整篇课文。如高中英语第一册第三课短剧“The Lost Necklace”可改写为记叙文。有的课文，如高中英 语第一册“The Blind Men And The Elephant”和第十课“At A Tailors Shop”等，就可以让学生改写成短 剧，并让他们在班上表演。有的课文故事是第三人称叙述的，如“The Footprint”，就可以让学生用第一人称 加以改写，使他们身临其境，自由发挥。这样可创造情景，促使他们“下笔如有神”。

以多题材、多形式的自由作文训练，加强意念功能的培养。经过一段时间的缩写和改写的笔头训练之后， 学生对写作有了一定的基础和兴趣，就可以放手让他们进行多种题材的自由作文训练，使学生在自由表达思想 和内心感受中，加强意念功能培养。(1) 练习写周记日记是培养学生英语自由写作能力的第一步。写周记日记 ，学生不受内容和经验的限制，可就熟悉的题材，充分发挥自己的想象力，自由表达。(2) 看图作文新颖活泼 ，能激发学生英语写作的积极性。可以用流传较广的传说、故事作图，让学生写记叙文。比如画几幅老鼠商议 给猫挂铃铛的图，让学生以“The cat and the bell”作文。也可画一幅漫画，让学生写简易议论文。如画一 幅之人向三个方向划一条小船，让学生写出情景加以评论，并命题。(3) 作文可由教师统一命题，也可由学生 自由命题。命题作文要注意先易后难，开始让学生写一些自己熟悉、易于表达的题材。如：“Our School”、 “My Family”、“A Letter To Somebody”、“ARepectable Teacher”、“Life In Summer Vacation”等。 在此基础上，提高一步，写一些较难的题目。如:My Idea, Money And Happiness等。刚开始练习命题作文写作 时，可让学生课外完成，规定交作文日期即可。经过一段时间后，可要求他们在课堂上完成，借以培养他们的 思考能力，提高快速写作的能力。

通过讲评帮助学生逐步掌握写作要领。作文批阅应与课堂讲评相结合，一方面在班上朗诵优秀作文，说明 其好在哪里。另一方面要分析各种典型错误，尤其是汉式英语，务必通过讲译，使学生进一步了解错误产生的 原因，以及如何纠正。为了加深印象，避免讲评中烦琐指点，最好对各种错误进行分类整理，教师应注意分类 的合理性和系统性。

导语：商人捐资办学，不能沽名钓誉。李嘉诚以自己的行动，证明了他的言行一致。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

香港著名的塑胶商、房地产巨商李嘉诚常常捐资助学。一次，他邀请汕头大学的一批教师来港并准备亲自去车站迎接。恰好此时他又接到通知，国家经贸部一位官员专程来港与他洽谈生意，请他去迎接。经过考虑，李嘉诚先生安排了别人去接经贸部官员，而自己还是去了火车站。由于火车晚点，他在车站足足等了一个多小时。汕头大学的老师知道后感动地说：“这件事使我们更加深刻地体会到李嘉诚先生对教育的诚心。他能舍命办教育，我们也应该努力去做。”

分析：商人捐资办学，不能沽名钓誉。李嘉诚以自己的行动，证明了他的言行一致。

话题：“尊师重教”“表率”“做人与做事”

1.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat;burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end

2.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.

3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.

4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow make an early start.

5.不眠之夜 whe night

6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses

7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best

8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.

9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul

10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new

11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all

12.大开眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener

13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace

14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little

15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.

16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more

17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.

18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.

19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.

20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones

21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect.

22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.

23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth

24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence

25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green

26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché

27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.

28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.

29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success

30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth

31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened

32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of ones dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.

34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.

35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself

1、神要是公然去跟人作对，那是任何人都难以对付的。 (《荷马史诗》)

2、生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得思考的问题。 (《哈姆雷特》)

3、善良人在追求中纵然迷惘，却终将意识到有一条正途。(《浮士德》)

4、认识自己的无知是认识世界的最可靠的方法。 (《随笔集》)

5、你以为我贫穷、相貌平平就没有感情吗?我向你发誓，如果上帝赋予我财富和美貌，我会让你无法离开我，就像我现在无法离开你一样。虽然上帝没有这么做，可我们在精神上依然是平等的。(《简?爱》)

6、大人都学坏了，上帝正考验他们呢，你还没有受考验，你应当照着孩子的想法生活。 (《童年》)

7.你越没有心肝，就越高升得快，你毫不留情地打击人家，人家就怕你。只能把男男女女当作驿马，把它们骑得筋疲力尽，到了站上丢下来，这样你就能达到欲望的最高峰。(《高老头》)

8、我只想证明一件事，就是，那时魔鬼引诱我，后来又告诉我，说我没有权利走那条路，因为我不过是个虱子，和所有其余的人一样。 (《罪与罚》)

9、你瞧，桑丘?潘沙朋友，那边出现了三十多个大得出奇的巨人。 (《堂.吉诃德》)

10、我并不愿意你受的苦比我受的还大，希斯克利夫。我只愿我们永远不分离：如果我有一句话使你今后难过，想想我在地下也感到一样的难过，看在我自己的份上，饶恕我吧! (《呼啸山庄》)

11、幸福的家庭是相同的，不幸的家庭各有各的不同。 (《安娜.卡列尼娜》)

12、唉，奴隶般的意大利，你哀痛之逆旅，你这暴风雨中没有舵手的孤舟，你不再是各省的主妇，而是妓院! (《神曲》)

13、将感情埋藏得太深有时是件坏事。如果一个女人掩饰了对自己所爱的男子的感情，她也许就失去了得到他的机会。 (《傲慢与偏见》)

14、钟声又鸣响了……一声又一声，静谧而安详，即使在女人做新娘的那个好月份里，钟声里也总带有秋天的味道。 (《喧嚣与骚动》)

15、一个人并不是生来要被打败的，你尽可以把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他。 (《老人与海》)

16、当然，行是行的，这固然很好，可是千万别闹出什么乱子来啊。(《套中人》)

17、面包!面包!我们要面包! (《萌芽》)

18、我从没有爱过这世界，它对我也一样。 (《拜伦诗选》)

19、爱情应该给人一种自由感，而不是囚禁感。 (《儿子与情人》)

20、暴风雨将要在那一天，甚至把一些槲树吹倒，一些教堂的高塔要倒塌，一些宫殿也将要动摇! (《海涅诗选》)

21、自己的行为最惹人耻笑的人，却永远是最先去说别人坏话的人。 (《伪君子》)

22、这时一种精神上的感慨油然而生，认为人生是由啜泣、抽噎和微笑组成的，而抽噎占了其中绝大部分。(《欧?亨利短篇小说选》)

23、历史喜爱英勇豪迈的事迹，同时也谴责这种事迹所造成的后果。 (《神秘岛》)

24、整个下半天，人都听凭羊脂球去思索。不过本来一直称呼她作“夫人”，现在却简单地称呼她作“小姐”了，谁也不很知道这是为着什么，仿佛她从前在评价当中爬到了某种地位，现在呢，人都想把她从那种地位拉下一级似的，使她明白自己的地位是可羞的。 (《莫泊桑短篇小说选》)

25、如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗? (《雪莱诗选》)

26、我明白了，我已经找到了存在的答案，我恶心的答案，我整个生命的答案。其实，我所理解的一切事物都可以归结为荒诞这个根本的东西。(《恶心》)

27、世界上有这样一些幸福的人，他们把自己的痛苦化作他人的幸福，他们挥泪埋葬了自己在尘世间的希望，它却变成了种子，长出鲜花和香膏，为孤苦伶仃的苦命人医治创伤。(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》)

28、当格里高?萨姆莎从烦躁不安的梦中醒来时，发现他在床上变成了一个巨大的跳蚤。(《变形记》)

29、当现实折过来严丝合缝地贴在我们长期的梦想上时，它盖住了梦想，与它混为一体，如同两个同样的图形重叠起来合而为一一样。(《追忆似水年华》)

30、人与人之间，最可痛心的事莫过于在你认为理应获得善意和友谊的地方，却遭受了烦扰和损害。(《巨人传》)

31、现在我说的您要特别注意听：在别人心中存在的人，就是这个人的灵魂。这才是您本身，才是您的意识在一生当中赖以呼吸、营养以至陶醉的东西，这也就是您的灵魂、您的不朽和存在于别人身上的您的生命。(《日瓦戈医生》)

32、美德犹如名香，经燃烧或压榨而其香愈烈，盖幸运最能显露恶德而厄运最能显露美德。(《培根论说文集》)

33、亲爱的艾妮斯，我出国，为了爱你，我留在国外，为了爱你，我回国，也是为了爱你!(《大卫.科波菲尔》)

34、强迫经常使热恋的人更加铁心，而从来不能叫他们回心转意。(《阴谋与爱情》)

35、在各种事物的常理中，爱情是无法改变和阻挡的，因为就本性而言，爱只会自行消亡，任何计谋都难以使它逆转。(《十日谈》)

36、只要你是天鹅蛋就是生在养鸡场也没什么关系。《安徒生童话》

37、就投机钻营来说，世故的价值永远是无法比拟的。《死魂灵》

38、誰都可能出个错儿，你在一件事上越琢磨得多就越容易出错。《好兵帅克历险记》

39、我们经历着生活中突然降临的一切，毫无防备，就像演员进入初排。如果生活中的第一次彩排便是生活的本身，那生活有什么价值呢?《生命中不能承受之轻》

40、他发现了人类行为的一大法则，自己还不知道------那就是，为了要使一个大人或小孩极想干某样事情，只需要设法把那件事情弄得不易到手就行了。《汤姆.索亚历险记》

41、对于有信仰的人，死是永生之门。《失乐园》

42、有一个传说，说的是有那么一只鸟儿，它一生只唱一次，那歌声比世上一切生灵的歌声都更加优美动听。《荆棘鸟》

43、离开一辈子后，他又回到了自己出生的那片土地上，从小到大，他一直是那个地方的目击者。《尤利西斯》

44、同上帝保持联系是 一码事，他们都赞同这一点，但让上帝一天二十四小时都待在身边就是另一码事了。《第二十二条军规》

45、开发人类智力的矿藏是少不了要由患难来促成的。《基度山伯爵》

46、离你越近的地方，路途越远;最简单的音调，需要最艰苦的练习。《泰戈尔诗选》

47、悲伤使人格外敏锐。《约翰.克里斯朵夫》

48、我在女人跟前经常失败，就是由于我太爱她们了。《忏悔录》

49、她睁大一双绝望的眼睛，观看她生活的寂寞。她像沉了船的水手一样，在雾蒙蒙的天边，遥遥寻找白帆的踪影。《包法利夫人》

50、我听见美洲在歌唱，我听见各种不同的颂歌。(《草叶集》)

导语：国际企业家联合总会授予李晓华“最具世界影响力的中国企业领袖”称号。那么关于他背后的故事你了解多少呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的中考作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

美国福布斯杂志曾连续五年评选他为中国最富有的企业家。人们关注最多的，是他在马来西亚辉煌的发迹史。只是很少有人知道，他的情义和传奇经历，源于44份带着一个普通人爱心的晚报——

1990年，一位喜欢冒险的中国青年来到马来西亚。来这之前，青年已经身家过亿。他打听到，这儿发现了一个大型油气田，准备修一条高级公路。如果这个项目成功，则会带来公路两边的土地大幅度升值。

经过仔细分析之后，青年做出了一生中最冒险的一个决定：利用所有资产担保向银行贷款，拿到公路两边土地的开发权。

4个多月过去了，油气田的立项依然没有结果。青年如坐针毡。这时候，他手间的盘缠已经所剩无几，住所由五星级酒店搬到四星级，再到三星级，最后连旅馆也住不起了。为了省钱，他打算租用旅馆的一个小仓库，每天只吃最便宜的盒饭，再找机会偷偷溜到旅馆的大厅里看当天的晚报。

仓库的管理员是一位老华侨，看到他的处境，非常同情，不仅免了他租仓库的钱，每天还将自己订的一份晚报带给他看。这样的日子一晃过了44天，青年的心也一天天走向绝望，连自杀的想法也有了。那天，青年意外地得知老华侨并不识字，这44份晚报是特意为他买的，顿时心里一热，仿佛看到一线温暖的光，将自己从死亡的边缘拉了回来。晚上，他认真地翻看着报纸，其中一条消息让他兴奋得差点没背过气去：油气田立项了!随后，在一周之内，青年所买的土地价格翻了一番，他的生活一下子由地狱又回到天堂。

暴富后的青年第一个想到的是老华侨，他准备了一只信封，里面是一套当地最高档别墅的钥匙。当他把信封交到老华侨手里的时候，老华侨摇摇头：“我只是给你买了44天的报纸，为什么值得你送这样的大礼呢?”青年说：“那44份晚报，是我一生中得到的最珍贵的帮助和关怀，就凭你的爱心，你有资格得到它。”老华侨依然摇摇头：“谢谢你的好意，我已经习惯了现在的生活，不想去住那种地方。真正值得你报答的，也不是我，而是帮助你的这个社会呀。”

这位青年，就是后来被誉为“情义商人”的李晓华，他成了中国最有名的企业家和慈善家之一。

想要在20xx年英语四级考试中作文拿高分，遵循以下技巧就行。

20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧一：

总体原则：六个字：先结构后表达。

总体做法：三步法

1. 审题：两项内容：1)英文标题+2)汉语提纲 (如果汉语提纲不是三条，则将其转化为三条提纲)

2. 将三个汉语提纲转化为一个英文表达，充当该段主题句。(首尾段可无主题句，但中间段落最好有)

3. 将主题句扩展成一个英文段落。(方法：举例、数据、对比、列举、补充说明、因果法等)

20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧二：实例及具体时间分配

第1、2步为准备工作 时间控制在三分钟以内：

(注：建议考生带上手表，以便掌握写作时间分配，超过三分钟按照已经列出的关键词的内容展开文章的开头部分)

如一道六级的写作考题为：

directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic college students" part-time jobs. you should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:

1. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职, 有人反对

2. 我的看法

审题：1. 题目：college students" part-time jobs

2. 提纲：1. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职, 有人反对;2. 我的看法

题目关键词为: part-time jobs

3. 提纲转化为三条：

1. 有些人持相反意见

2. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职

3. 我的看法 (无需写出)

20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧三：先结构：

联想课堂所讲：三段或四段式结构，且每段只写一项内容。

以“三段式”为例：

后表达：(三方面：句、词、衔接)关键词罗列

1. 联想开篇句式：when it comes to …, people" opinions differ/vary. 或者it is a common phenomenon for … to do sth, 或者 it can be noticed that an increasing number of …

将这些表达以关键词的形式列出：如： when… 或者 it is …

2. 转化主题句：

1) 有些人持反对意见- others hold the opposite view.

理由：1. main task- academic study, 2. society complex- cheated

2) 有些人赞成大学生做兼职- hold the positive view

理由：1. ease financial burden 2. enrich experience

3) 我的看法- both right …….

3. 扩展成文

最后，请检查基本语音错误：1， 单词拼写 2， 时态， 3， 单复数，4，关联词

导语：立志贵在坚持，立志贵在立大志!而立大志，莫过于立志成才，照亮祖国未来的希望。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.有志能搬山，无志草压头。中国谚语

2.志短怕难，视丘为山。中国谚语

3.宁可丧身，不可失志。中国谚语

4.冻死迎风站，饿死不弯腰。中国谚语

5.人凭志气虎凭威，没有志气肉一堆。中国谚语

6.有志男儿志四方，无志男儿守婆娘。中国谚语

7.鸟贵有翼，人贵有志。中国谚语

8.山立在地上，人立在志上。中国谚语

9.花开在春天，立志在少年。中国谚语

10.穷莫失志，富莫颠狂。中国谚语

11.没有决心向宝山掏宝，不会得到宝的。谢觉哉

12.青年人第一要有志气。谢觉哉

13.为人能立三分志，不怕龙门万丈高。中国谚语

14.志高品高，志下品下。中国谚语

15.山高高不过脚心，山硬硬不过决心。中国谚语

16.有志者事竟成。《后汉书·耿龠传》

17.有志不在年高。中国谚语

18.丈夫四方志，安可辞固穷?唐·杜甫《前出塞》

19.三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。《论语·子罕》

20.立志无恒，终身无成。中国谚语

21.好汉凭志气，好马凭力气。中国谚语

22.从小无志，到老无奇。中国谚语

23.人不自立，则惟有无耻而已。康有为《志耻》

24.老骥伏枥，志在千里;烈士暮年，壮心不已。三国·曹操《龟虽寿》

25.器大者声必闳，志高者意必远。宋·范开《稼轩词序》

鸿鹄之志

秦末农民起义领袖陈涉，出身贫穷，年轻时在农村当雇工，替人耕田种地。当时他就立志将来要干一番轰轰烈烈的大事。在一起当雇工的伙伴都笑话他，认为替人耕田种地的下等人，还想干一番大事业，真是癞哈蟆想吃天鹅肉——异想天开。陈涉看到自己的宏大抱负，不能被一些眼光短浅的人所理解，感叹道：“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”意思是说，小小的燕雀，是不可能知道天鹅的大志的。

后来陈涉终于成了农民起义军的领袖，由他首先发难，将秦王朝推反了。

鲁迅弃医学文

青年时期鲁迅，曾到日本仙台医学专科学校学医，希望以医救国。在第二学年里，学校增加了一门学科——细菌学。教学这一门课程时，细菌的形状全部是用幻灯片显示的。有时穿插放映一些时事幻灯片。有一次放映有关日俄战争的纪录片，画面上出现很多中国人围观一个被说成是俄国间谍的中国人，这个人将砍头示众，周围人在看热闹，画面上观众体格强壮而精神麻木。鲁迅深受刺激，心情十分痛苦，他深深感到，学医在当前并不是一件要紧的事，思想愚昧精神麻木的人们即使体格再健壮，也只能被示众或作看客。最紧要的，是在改变他们的精神，而善于改变精神的是文艺。于是，他毅然弃医学文。终于成为我国现代伟大的文学家、思想家，文化运动的先驱和旗手。

为了中华之崛起

新学年开始了，沈阳东关模范学校魏校长为了测验学生的学习目的，在课堂上向学生提出一个严肃的问题：读书是为什么?有的回答：“为家父而读书。”有的回答：“为明礼而读书。”也有人回答：“为光耀门楣而读书。”魏校长指着坐在后排的一位学生说：“周恩来，现在你谈谈为什么要读书?”“为了中华之崛起。”周恩来庄重地回答。由于他的南方口音魏校长一时没有听清楚，于是周恩来又沉着有力地重复了一遍：“为中华崛起而读书!”周恩来是这样说的，也是这样做的。他为中华民族的崛起奉献了一生。

巴斯德立志研究酸乳发酵

巴斯德，是法国19世纪著名微生物学家，化学家，近代微生物学的奠基人。

有一天，他注视着桌上一瓶酸牛奶。凝神思索：酸奶的发酵，是由于化学变化呢，还是由于微生物的作用呢?当时还没有能解答这个问题。

他整天整认地，在一间闷热的简陋的实验室里进行试验研究。脸上被油烟熏黑了，衣服也布满污垢。时而呆立不动，时而狂奔疾走。有人说：巴斯德得了精神病。

不知经过了多少不眠之认，巴斯德终于成功了!他科学地证明了：酸牛怒的发酸是由于微生物的作用。并且写成了著名的《乳酸发酵》一书。在微生物发酵和病原微生物方面的研究，奠定了工业微生物学和医学微生物学的基础，并且开创了微生物生理学。

导语：作文素材的运用可以使作文更好的表达我们的主题思想,为了使同学们们更好的复习高考作文,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的经典语段高考素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.蜡烛有心，于是它能垂泪，能给人间注入粼粼的光波;杨柳有心，于是它能低首沉思，能给困倦的大地带来清醒的嫩绿，百花有心，于是它们能在阳光里飘出青春深处的芳馨。(《蜡烛有心》)

2.成熟是一种明亮而不刺眼的光辉，一种圆润而不腻耳的音响，一种不需要对别人察颜观色的从容，一种终于停止了向周围申诉求告的大气，一种不理会哄闹的微笑，一种洗刷了偏激的淡漠，一种无须声张的厚实，一种并不陡峭的高度。(《成熟》)

3.王朔的“酷”，在于他对传统文学中的崇高意识的颠覆;王家卫的“酷”在于他的意识流让人回味悠长;齐豫的“酷”是她那空灵清越的声音在森林深处滑落;艾伦、金斯堡的“酷”是骨子里那压抑不住的青春的涌动……“酷”是村上春树笔下的风的低吟浅唱;“酷”是安妮宝贝寻找梦想的文字;“酷”是欧文的一脚远射;“酷”是梵高和他的印象派抑或是香奈儿的夏装展示……(《纯真年代》)

4.热爱是风，“贫穷而能听到风声也是好的”。热爱是雨，“有情芍药含春泪”。热爱是土，俯身就能抠出一把，哪一把土壤里没有先民的血汗和未来人的绿梦呢?热爱是云，仰首就能望到一片，哪一片云里没落过孩子的向往和老人的忆念呢?因为热爱，我们心存感激，因为热爱，我们满怀忧愤;因为热爱，我们甘于淡泊宁静的日子;也因为热爱，我们敢于金戈铁马去马革裹尸还。忍辱负重的生，生是热爱;大义凛然地死，死是热爱;清清爽爽，认认真真地活着，活着又何尝不是热爱!(《热爱生活》)

5.没有悲剧就没有悲壮，没有悲壮就没有崇高。雪峰是伟大的，因为满坡掩埋着登山者的遗体;大海是伟大的，因为处处漂浮着舟楫的残骸;登月是伟大的，因为有挑战者号的殒落，人生是伟大的，因为有白发，有决别，有无可奈何的失落。古希腊傍海而居，无数向往彼岸的勇士在狂波间前仆后继，于是有了光耀百世的希腊悲剧。

6.牵引一股波涛行走的，可能是它身边的一段岸;牵引千条江万条河，后浪推着前浪向着同一个既定方向前行的，则只能是那众望所归的大海。召唤一只鹰飞翔的，可能是它寻觅着的一个瞬间目标，而召唤所有雄鹰、鲲鹏日复一日，年复一年飞越征途的，则只能是那博大、高远的蓝天。驱走一片黑暗的，或许是一束烛光，而驱走整个世界黑暗的，则必定是那普照人间的太阳。(《旗帜》)

7.你可以在梅雨潭边感受朱自清描述的绿色的陶醉，你也可以在西湖边聆听柳浪与黄莺的对答;你可以小桥流水人家，也可以古道西风瘦马;你可以手持常剑，独立朔漠，感受“风萧萧兮易水寒”的悲壮，你也可以手握画笔船头赏花写韵，领略一下“斜风细雨不须归”的闲适。从西域到东海，从朔北到江南，绮丽的风光给世界增添一抹耀眼的两色。

8.古往今来，“诚信”便是英雄们惺惺相惜，成就大业的根本，无论儒法，还是老庄。“诚信”，“诚”总是作为君子最重要的美德出现的，古书上处处写着君王以诚治国，诸侯以诚得士的故事。信陵君正因诚信，打动了诸葛孔明，三分天下，成就霸业。而梁山上，那些英雄好汉，一诺千金，为诚信两肋插刀的豪情，更被写进才子名着，感动着千百万读书人。

9.被利用的可能。可诚信绝对会还你一份轻松，一片坦荡，一身磊落。(《难舍诚信》)

10.有了它，才有了“君子一言，驷马难追”的承诺，才有了五关之前“赤兔胭脂兽”的一骑绝尘，才有了“三分天下有其一”能坐上聚义厅的头把交椅，将替天行道的大旗扯得迎风飘扬。因为诚信，平遥小城诞生出来的“日升昌”，才将分号开遍大江南北，将半个中国的财富汇集一堂。同样是因为同广大人民群众的诚信之约，嘉兴南湖的微波，井冈山的星火终于汇成滔天巨浪，熊熊烈火，席卷了古老的神州大地，一个年青政党走过了八十载的漫漫征程。(《千年的呼唤》)

11.人类之所以能走出蛮荒，摆脱愚昧，踏进文明，就是因为人类有不尽的希望。

12.勇气和力量，激励着人们去克服艰难和困苦。希望使人类战胜了自然，战胜了自我，带来了人类的光明，点燃了生命的火光。古希腊统治者亚历山大在远征前，把所有的金银财宝、土地庄园等皆赠给大将元帅，一大臣见状十分不解问道、“陛下，您把全部财产分掉了，那?把什么留给你自己呢?”亚历山大答道、“我把希望留给自己，它将给我无穷的财富!”亚历山大之所以赫然昭示于古今，是希望带给他无穷的力量。西汉张骞出使西域，受阻于匈奴，九死一生，仍怀希望，终排除万难，凯旋归汉;史可法、谭嗣同、秋瑾、李大钊、江姐……太多太多的英雄抛头颅、洒热血，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已，又是希望幻化成的执着信念带给他们巨大的勇气和力量。是希望使人们在险境、绝境中勃然奋发，努力抗争;是希望使人类代代生生不息，永远在历史的大道上奋勇向前。(《论希望》)

13.我觉得语文是初升的朝阳，喷薄而出，霞光万道;语文是一颗草尖上久久不肯滴落的露珠，晶莹剔透，清澈灵动;语文是黄昏天边如血的夕阳，映照旅人，染红山川。语文是古都洛阳国色天香的牡丹;语文是夜星下静谧的荷塘;语文是古道边长亭外无声的冷月;语文是那一双看清世界寻找光明的黑色眼睛。语文就是青天里那一行白鹭;就是沉舟侧畔的千点白帆;就是秦皇岛一望无垠的大海中冲破万里玻璃皱的打鱼船。语文是当阳桥张飞石破天惊的怒吼;语文是水浒好汉闯神州的风风火火;语文是林黛玉泪珠下飞红万点愁如海的片片花瓣。(2000，河北考生《最后一课》)

14.鲁迅先生说：“天才并不是自生自长在深林荒野的怪物，是由可以使天才生长的民众产生、长育出来的，所以没有这种民众，就没有天才。”如果有人自以为很有才气，单枪匹马可以闯天下，而不注意与社会、与他人的合作，势必会闹得“人仰马翻”。真正有头脑的人会懂得，要成功一件事，就必须考虑多方面因素，借鉴各种事例，与各种各样的人合作，与各种各样的环境合作，才能取得成功。所以，最新教育理论——合作教育学由俄罗斯的教育专家提出来了。师生在教育领域建立起崭新的合作伙伴关系，进行研究性学习，在知识的海洋里和谐奋进。(《谈合作》)

15.身形憔悴的屈子行吟汨罗江畔，向我们蹒跚而来;衣袂飘飘的李白持酒仰天放歌，向我们狂奔而至。古老的历史与文化的流程中，我们的民族曾有太多的辉煌与记忆。假如记忆可以移植，我甘愿让我的父老乡亲们永远铭记中华民族的苦难与辉煌，记住我们神色庄重的祖先，如何从绿草如茵的古黄河流域，踏遍荆棘跋涉到今天的艰难历程，以及在今天依然值得我们引以自豪的远古文明的中华儿女……(1999，湖北考生《铭记民族的苦难与辉煌——假如记忆可能移植》)

16.假如记忆可以移植，那我要三毛流浪天涯的洒脱;要柏杨的嬉笑怒骂间仍在担忧吾国吾民的真情;要鲁迅先生的一身傲骨，“我以我血荐轩辕”的决心与勇气;还要张海迪的生命力，诸葛亮的智慧……(1999，陕西考生《假如记忆可以移植》)

17.“人是不能被打败的，你可以把他消灭，但你却不能打败他。”每每看到这句名言，我的脑海里便浮现出这样一幅画面、汹涌澎湃的大海上，一只小渔船，一只由一位老渔民驾驶的渔船。老人正用他古铜色的身躯，铁一般的臂膀，挥动着船桨，与鲨鱼搏击。溅起的浪花，洒在老人的身上，射出落日的余辉。这就是桑提亚斯——海明威笔下的响当当的铁骨。(《我要扼住命运的咽喉》)

18.第一次看到红棉，我便深深为之折服，为之感动。红棉，也称木棉，木科植物。谈到红棉，第一个印象便是“直”，笔直的树干高耸入云。没有一株红棉是弯着长的，也没有一株红棉矮矮的便生出许多枝条。一排排，一行行，像许多坚毅的战士昂首伫立着。了解红棉，第一个感受就是“韧”。红棉不怕旱也不怕涝，不怕冷也不怕热，即使遭受虫灾，也能尽快恢复。因此不管这一年它过得多么艰苦，来年一样能开出满树火红火红的红棉花，绚丽如霞。(1998，天津考生《此生愿为红棉》)

19.苏轼在千年以前就曾说过、“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。”莎士比亚的研究者们也说过、“一千个人的眼里有一千个哈姆雷特。”也许有人看哈姆雷特是勇于思而怯于行的懦夫，有人看他是深思熟虑的勇士。鲁迅先生在评价《红缕梦》时，也曾经说道学家看见的是淫，文人才子们看到的是情。(江西考生《横看成岭侧成峰》)

20.同是交战赤壁，苏轼高歌“雄姿英发，羽扇纶巾，谈笑间樯橹灰飞烟灭”;杜牧却低吟“东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔”。同是“谁解其中味”的《红楼梦》，有人听到了封建制度的丧钟，有人看见了宝黛的深情，有人悟到了曹雪芹的良苦用心，也有人只津津乐道于故事本身……(2000，四川考生《回答》)

21.风是春使。“不知细叶谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀”。柔柳轻舞，摇动细细的柳叶，漾出春的绿意。是谁把春带到这里?作者随即指出、是那剪刀似的“二月春风”。风是绵绵深情。柳永词中、“便纵有千种风情，更与何人说?”把一腔的相思、无奈与寂寞赋予一词，“千种风情”，使作者的愁思跃然而出。更有一首歌中的、“你是风儿我是沙，缠缠绵绵到天涯……”这句歌词不乏现代都市的摩登感，把深浓之情以一“风”字尽传无余。(2000，河南考生《文学与多彩风》)

22.王维，少有诗才，17岁就写出了《九月九日忆山东兄弟》这样脍炙人口的诗篇。早年尊崇宰相张九龄，然而张九龄受到李林甫排挤，他也不免有些失意。后遭贬官，就隐居山林，他的诗的伟大成熟从此开始。一首《竹里馆》，把你带入他的陋室，听着他的琴声，感受着他的淡泊宁静。“明月松间照，清泉石上流”使你迷入他的境界，流连忘返。“空山不见人，但闻人语响”引出了多少诗词佳话。“诗中有画，画中有诗”雕刻出他的“诗佛”的称号。(2000，河南考生《诗人的答案》)

23.如果没有空间和时间的限制，我会背上一个旅行包，与王维一起去“明月松间照，清泉石上流”的人间佳境，与他“行到水穷处，坐看云起时”;我会与李清照登上那叶诗的扁舟，在黄昏后共饮一杯酒，分担她“帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦”的相思忧愁;我会与苏东坡一再游赤壁，看“惊涛拍岸，卷起千堆雪”的激狂壮观景色;我会与李白“举杯邀明月”，在花园里痛饮。(2000，河南考生《你想做什么》)

24.创造的人生也同样是最美的。只有波涛汹涌的浪花，才能显示出大海磅礴的气势;只有一望无际的森林，才能创造出大地的翠绿与娇美;只有敢于跋涉，登上峰顶，才能领略山川的壮丽风光，才能体会创造的欢欣快乐。钱三强的人生最美丽，因为他领导制造了中国第一颗原子弹;刘庆峰的人生最美丽，国为他身为中科大的研究人员，实现了人机对话，他还梦想创造中国的贝尔实验室;袁隆平的人生最美丽，因为他培植出了超级杂交水稻。他们的人生都是创造的人生，无疑是最美的。(2000，河南考生《丰富多彩的答案》)

25.有这样三面墙，它们如同一座座无字的耻辱碑，为我们映照出人类历史不光彩的一面——中国的长城，如同一道蜿蜒而倔强的屏幕，它用鲜血与泪水为我们投影了从秦始皇开始，中国封建王朝数千年的残酷镇压与血腥统治。封建王朝统治者的灵魂中无不镌刻着四个字：天下为私。德国的柏林墙是历史的见证者，它告诉我们一个本来和睦的大家庭怎样由于人类自身的弱点而分崩离析，民族的分裂怎样如一把钢刀插入了这个民族的膏肓。

26.惆怅与悲伤。(《不要忘记那一半》)

27.湛蓝的天空，像玻璃一般明净，如大海一般蔚蓝，水汪汪的，似乎要滴下水来，几朵祥和的白云飘浮在天空，一切都是那么明朗。初秋的风迎面吹来，像母亲湿润而又柔婉的手从脸上滑过，爽快温馨极了，真是天凉好个秋哇!(2000，河南考生《美是丰富多彩的》)

28.汉语是什么?汉语是君子好逑的《诗经》，是魂兮归来的《楚辞》，是执过羊鞭者的兵法，是受过宫刑者的《史记》，是为求一字捻断的数茎须，是“推敲“不定的月下门——受正统文化熏陶的学究如是说。(2000，河南考生《答案是丰富多彩的》)

29.在神圣的文学殿堂里，我也可以感受到恬美空灵的自然之息——我可以站在梅雨潭边感受朱自清描写的绿色的陶醉，也可以站在西湖边聆听柳浪与黄莺的对答;我可以乘着刚朵拉去描绘东方威尼斯的图画，也可以静坐在荷花池边欣赏如舞女裙般洁白的荷花;我可以手执长矛独立朔漠，感受那“风萧萧兮易水寒”的悲壮，也可以在夕阳下看那“古道西风瘦马”——在文学里融入自然会感到别有一番风味。在文学的殿堂里，我可以朝谒曹子建，拜访李太白;悲白娘子永镇雷峰塔，叹孟姜女寻夫哭长城，扬鞭策马驼铃古道，玉扇踯躅杏花南——人类那永恒的美、悲壮的爱，在历史长河中闪烁，在我的心灵中升华。我还可以欣赏战国诸子蜂起、百家争鸣，秦时的明月汉时的雄关，西晋竹林七贤的隐逸，唐的繁华与宋的儒雅，元的四海归一以及明清的肃穆庄严。

30.心有明灯，便不会迷路，便可拒绝黑暗、胆怯，拥有一份明朗的心情，一份必胜的信念，一份坦荡的胸怀……心有小窗，便有亮丽的阳光进来，小酌一些温暖的故事，便有自由清风邀约一些花香或者白云。心有琴弦，纵然客去茶凉，仍有小曲缓缓响起，仍有满树桂花知音而化为酒香。心有栅栏，然后青藤爬过，那些小秘密点缀其中，像叶片下小憩的蝴蝶，做梦一般，只能用花粉形容。心有玉阶，满阶是香囊佩瑶，满阶是锦言妙计，还有玲珑小贝和神秘念珠。于是孤独不再降临，花瓶不再寂寞。心有圣殿，供奉着高贵，尊严、善良、理想和追求……这都是些美丽的神灵。由此，而不可侵犯;由此，而拥有世界和自己。(《心有明灯》)

31.美，可以在金碧辉煌的宫殿中，也可以在炸毁的大桥旁，可以在芳香扑鼻的鲜花上，也可以在风中跳动的烛光中;美，可以在超凡脱俗的维纳斯雕像上，也可以在那平凡少女的笑魇里。生与死处在两个世界，但美却可在生死边缘上闪闪发亮，这就是生命的力量——生命的至美。(《美的断想》)

32.巴尔扎克说过“不幸，是天才的进升阶梯，信徒的洗礼之水，弱者的无底深渊”。风雨过后，眼前会是鸥翔鱼游的天水一色;走出荆棘，前面就是铺满鲜花的康庄大道;登上山顶，脚下便是积翠如云的空蒙山色。在这个世界上，一星陨落，黯淡不了星空灿烂，一花凋零，荒芜不了整个春天。人生要尽全力度过每一关，不管遇到什么困难不可轻言放弃。

33.掩卷沉思时，首先从记忆的湖面泛起的，便是历史尽头那一道道光彩的背影。穿越时空的苍凉与沉重。抵达我们刻骨铭心的记忆深处。三国时的羽扇纶巾，先秦两汉的明月关，长安城上的紫气辉云，江河两岸的饿殍哀鸿，都在历史的书面中栩栩如生。假若记忆可以移植，我情愿在这一段凝重的记忆中感受民族的盛衰交替和前进之路的坎坷崎岖。当唐宋的光景一片歌舞升平，当忽必烈的铁骑驰骋中亚的土地，我们可以在那一段灿烂的记忆中激动欢呼、喜极而泣;当大清帝国的势力衰微，列强的屠刀残杀我中华儿女，我们可以在那一段痛心疾首的记忆中，唤起民族的觉醒，奋发图强，一雪国耻。正是这一串串凝血含泪的记忆给了我们顽强的斗志和坚定的信念，我们没齿不忘。(《铭记民族的苦难与辉煌——假如记忆可以移植》)

34.人生错过的总比没错过的多，每个人都有无数次的错过。所以我们不必为自己的错过而歉疚而悲哀，应该为自己的拥有而喜悦。错过漂亮，你拥有健康、错过健康，你拥有智慧;错过智慧，你拥有善良;错过善良，你拥有财富;错过财富，你拥有安逸;错过安逸，你拥有自由;错过自由，你拥有人格……(《错过》)

35.过错是短暂的遗憾;错过，是永远的遗憾。这也许正是一种美丽，正如维纳斯的断臂，让人回味无穷，而回忆里总有一种甜甜的酸酸味道。错过了蓝天的深邃，才可以有白云的飘逸;错过了大海的壮阔，才可以有小溪的悠然;错过了原野的芬芳，才可以有小草的碧绿。(《错过》)

36.惊叹云蒸霞蔚的山峰，却害怕荆划棘刺，畏首畏尾，缺乏自信，这只能使人浑浑噩噩，碌碌无为。须知“无限风光在险峰”，时代需要的是凭借自信这架云梯的攀登者。当年炮火纷飞中，面对五岭、乌蒙、岷山，自信的毛泽东唱起了多少支攀登之歌，胜利之歌!他高唱“同心干，不周山下红旗乱”;他高唱“踏遍青山人未老”;他高唱“红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲”……字里行间，充满着自信者的豪气!(《自信——登山的云梯》)

37.春，多么惬意的名字!也带来了芬芳艳丽的花朵，带来了蓬勃新绿的草木，带来了对未来一份憧憬，带给我们一片生机勃勃的景象。夏，多么热情的名字!她带来了缤纷绚丽的骄阳，带来了挺拔苍翠的树木，带来了奋斗的脚印，带给我们一支激情的歌曲。秋，多么温情的名字!她带来了如金的落叶，带来了温柔的秋雨，带来了丰收的喜讯，带给我们一篇缠绵的诗章。冬，多么宁静的名字!她带来了洁白的雪花，带来了素雅的天地，带来了胜利后的沉思，带给我们一幅清新的画卷。(《美就在我们身边》)

38.当你饥渴难耐地在习题堆起的高山中攀登时，你是否渴望看到一泓甘甜的清泉?当你精疲力竭地在作业铺就的沙漠间行进时，你是否期待走进一方清凉的绿洲?当你寂寞孤独地在参考资料筑起的围城中徘徊迷惘时，你是否向往飞向一片自由的蓝天?琴就是这样一泓清泉，棋就是这样一方绿洲，书画就是这样一片蓝天。琴棋书画，这古人为才子淑女构筑的亭台楼阁，在提倡素质教育的今天，我们亦应该进去畅游一番。(《琴棋书画之我见》)

39.心的本色该是如此。成，如朗月照花，深潭微澜，不论顺逆，不论成败的超然，是扬鞭策马，登高临远的驿站;败，仍滴水穿石，汇流入海，有穷且益坚，不坠青云的傲岸，有“将相本无主，男儿当自强”的倔强。荣，江山依旧，风采犹然，恰沧海巫山，熟视岁月如流，浮华万千，不屑过眼烟云;辱，胯下韩信，雪底苍松，宛若羽化之仙，知退一步，海阔天空，不肯因噎废食。

40.坚韧是“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑”的谭嗣同;是“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”的屈原;是“拼得十万头颅血，须把乾坤力挽回”的鉴湖女侠秋瑾!我，也决心像他们那样，追求拥有坚韧的品格。(1998，天津考生《坚韧——我追求的品格》)坚韧，是对我心理素质的要求，它让我承受任何挑战、打击;刚强，是对我人格品质的要求，它让我承受任何恶势力的挑衅，并战胜它;谦卑，是对我意志品质的要求，它让我不卑不亢，冷静坚强。这就是我的心理承受力。(1998，湖北考生《韧·刚·卑》)

41.茫茫沙漠，滔滔流水，于世无奇。惟大漠中如此一湾，风沙中如此一静，荒凉中如此一景，高坡后如此一跌，才深得天地之韵律，造化机巧，让人神醉情驰。以此推衍，人生，世界，历史莫不如此。缎带浮嚣以宁静，给躁急以清冽。给高蹈以平实，给粗犷以明丽，惟其这样，人生才见灵动，世界才显精致，历史才有风韵。然而，人们日常见惯了的，都是各色各样的单向夸张，连自然之神也粗粗糙糙，懒得细加调配，让人世间大受其累。

42.“天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。”这是《荀子·天论》中的一句话。它道出了一个真理、世界有其特定的内在的规律，它不为人的意志改变。古今中外，无数的事实也告诉我们客观世界规律的客观性。适应，就是摸清这种规律，利用这种规律，做生活的强者。(《勇当适者》)

43.真理无须打扮，哪怕写在枯黄的纸张上，描摹在贫瘠的沙土中，甚至变成粗俗的谚语，它也会生辉。谬俣，即使被刻上佛的银盘，铸入宫殿的金鼎，甚至冒充神的启示，也是黯然无光的。(《真理与谬误》)

44.真正的英雄决不是永没有卑下的情操，只是永不被卑下的情操所屈服罢了;真正的光明决不是永没有黑暗的时间，只是永不被黑暗所掩蔽罢了。(《英雄与光明》)

45.鲁迅先生早年在某中学讲话时就说过、“天才的出现，不仅需要天才的种子，而且更需要适宜天才生长的土壤。”人，是一切社会关系的总和，一个人的成才与否，不仅与他的主观努力有关，而且与他所处的社会环境有关。诸葛亮成为“千古人龙”，没有刘玄德三顾茅庐是不可设想的;曹雪芹登上中国古典文学的顶峰，没有青少年时期的良好的文学熏陶是不可能的;爱迪生是成功了，但没有书和支持他的母亲也是不能实现的;还有华罗庚，假若他不是生在南方的小镇而是生长在长白山密林独家村的话……所以，我们分析成才的因素时，既要看到主观因素，又要看到客观条件，否则，不是犯形而上学的错误就是犯唯心主义的错误。(《环境与成才》)

46.我们的历史，除了记忆不能再留给我们什么，我们的民族除了奋发图强不能再蹉跎等待什么。留住记忆可以给我们更多的自信和自强的理由，我们要记住的不仅是远古的文明与辉煌，更需记住我们的民族饱经苦难，她渴盼着她的儿女能够扬眉吐气，能够被人敬重和尊崇。(1999，湖北考生《铭记民族的苦难与辉煌》)

47.成熟不是随波逐流，人云亦云;不是察言观色，八面玲珑;也不是见风使舵，老奸巨滑。成熟是面对诬陷而不丧失自信，面对成就而不骄傲，面对恭维而不丧失理智。对诬陷和恭维都可以像对灰尘一样轻轻拂去，对成就像顽童拾到一枚贝壳一样泰然自若。(2000，河南考生《成熟是什么》)

48.这一切说明了什么?说明了20世纪物质与科学技术突飞猛进的同时，人类的精神家园、人类的道德意识可谓是花果飘零。看看巴以冲突中的流血牺牲，看看菲律宾人质危机，人类啊，难道还要用道德的沉沦来摧残我们这个越发脆弱的星球吗?20世纪人类对环境的破坏就更令人堪忧。废气污染了天空，废水污染了海洋，温室效应的增加，两极冰山的融化，无不构成人类生存与发展的危机，美国作家阿西莫夫说得好、瞧瞧我们都干了些什么!我们把陆地变得千疮百孔，把天空弄得乌烟瘴气，把海洋变成一个巨大的垃圾场。够了，够了!不是篇幅不够，而是我不忍心再一一列举。(2000，山东考生《20世纪，你美吗?》)

49.爱心是一片照射在冬日的阳光，使贫病交迫的人感到人间的温暖;爱心是一泓出现在沙漠里的泉水，使濒临绝境的人重新看到生活的希望;爱心是一首飘荡在夜空的歌谣，使孤苦无依的人获得心灵的慰藉。

50.冰雪覆盖的时候，我们需要一团火来取暖;暗夜无边的时候，我们需要点点星光来取暖;前途茫茫时，我们需要一盏航灯来取暖……四季轮回，心里滤不去的是烦恼和忧愁，脚下略不去的是艰辛和伤痛。寒天冷日，让我们用什么来温暖迎风而立的自己?留些真诚给自己取暖吧!

51.那些想着“有权不用，过期作废”的贪婪的人们，或许忘记了当初在党旗下旦旦的誓言，那是行为的约束，更是信仰的直白，一个连自己的信仰都可以抛弃的人，社会也会最终将他抛弃。一颗缺乏约束的心灵是空虚的，游离的，就如同失去了家园的灵魂，失去了根的大树，失去源头的大江，只能堕落，只能枯萎，只能干涸……一种来自灵魂的声音在呼喊、守住吧——心灵的契约、诚信!

52.名剧的开头，往往少有高潮。胜境的入口，常常并不引人瞩目。味美的果实，初嚼的口味有时反而沉得平淡。纯真的情思，常含在层层递进的意会之中。款款地导引，悄悄地深潜，细细地回味，静静地领悟。引高潮以适时，探胜境于幽绝，品回味以悠远，悟美情于灵惠，乃独步人生，渐入佳境之绝技!

53.巴尔扎克说过“不幸，是天才的进升阶梯，信徒的洗礼之水，弱者的无底深渊”。风雨过后，眼前会是鸥翔鱼游的天水一色;走出荆棘，前面就是铺满鲜花的康庄大道;登上山顶，脚下便是积翠如云的空蒙山色。在这个世界上，一星陨落，黯淡不了星空灿烂，一花凋零，荒芜不了整个春天。人生要尽全力度过每一关，不管遇到什么困难不可轻言放弃。《直面苦难》

1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

5.写信的开头：Very glad to receive your letter of July 13.

6.One day after school,XiaoMing passed a Café on his way home.

7.The boss had no choice but to let him in.

8.How he enjoyed himself on the computer!

9.Walking home full of fear,he was sure that he would be scolded.

10.However,other students are against the idea.

11.Sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us.

12.today’s activity has taught us the new meaning of the spirit of LeiFeng:sharing with others what you have—you time,energy,or knowledge—makes you fell warm in you heart.It has truly a difference in how I feel about myself.

13.The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.

14.No matter what he says，I won’t believe.

15. Thanks to the good weather，our journey was comfortable.

16. At the news of his death，she went pale with sorrow.

A man was going to the house of some rich person. As he went along the road, he saw a box of good apples at the side of the road. He said, "I do not want to eat those apples; for the rich man will give me much food; he will give me very nice food to eat." Then he took the apples and threw them away into the dust.

He went on and came to a river. The river had become very big; so he could not go over it. He waited for some time; then he said, "I cannot go to the rich mans house today, for I cannot get over the river."

He began to go home. He had eaten no food that day. He began to want food. He came to the apples, and he was glad to take them out of the dust and eat them.

Do not throw good things away; you may be glad to have them at some other time.

【译文】

一个人正朝着一个富人的房子走去，当他沿着路走时，在路的一边他发现一箱好苹果，他说：“我不打算吃那些苹果，因为富人会给我更多的食物，他会给我很好吃的东西。”然后他拿起苹果，一把扔到土里去。

他继续走，来到河边，河涨水了，因此，他到不了河对岸，他等了一会儿，然后他说：“今天我去不了富人家了，因为我不能渡过河。”

他开始回家，那天他没有吃东西。他就开始去找吃的，他找到苹果，很高兴地把它们从尘土中翻出来吃了。

不要把好东西扔掉，换个时候你会觉得它们大有用处。