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初中期末英语作文写作九大技巧分析【20篇】

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英语考研作文命题依据及写作技巧

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导语:小编提醒大家,要想把作文写好,要想在考研写作中得高分,平时一定得多阅读优秀的范文,特别是一些漂亮精彩的句型。同时也有必要掌握一些写作模式和技巧,不断地模仿练习,最后才能真正打造出高分作文。

一、命题依据

考研话题牵涉面广,包罗万象,变幻莫测。但从历年考研真题研究中可以发现写作基本上可粗略地划分为两大类话题:永恒话题(everlastingtopic)和热点话题(hotissue)。所谓永恒话题,是指那些不以时间和空间的转移为转移的话题。这类话题一般都是一些宏观的大话题,没有明显的时代印痕。如有关社会道德范畴的话题。另一大类是热点话题,即近几年或某一年特殊的社会现象, 媒体普遍报道过或公众普遍谈论的话题。如AdvertisementonTV(93),温室的花朵经不起风雨(2003)等,所以,平时在生活和学习中留意类似话题的英文素材预以备战不妨是个好的办法。

二、写作技巧

1.精心构造全文的引言段

考研作文阅卷老师每天工作量很大,工作时间也较长,因此长时间批改水平参差不齐、质量高下不一的作文难免感到疲劳,厌倦,甚至气恼。据测试统计,一口气读完12 篇后才走神的人极少,定力惊人。因此,在考研写作三段制中,第一段最能吸引他们的目光和注意力,因为考研作文采用的是总体评分法(GlobalScoring),作文评卷老师往往主要凭借第一段的总体印象打分。有人把文章的第一段说成是黄金段落,说老师就是在这一段中不断地“淘金”。这一说法是很有道理的,因此,作文要想得高分,一定要精心构造全文的第一段,最大限度地满足阅卷老师的期待心理,力争给他留下良好的第一印象。经验告诉我们,阅卷老师在看完文章的第一段后就已基本上给文章定了分数档次,即使在第二,第三段中发现文章中的其他一些美中不足之处,他也只是微调几分,总体分数还是比先定的档次低的文章要好得多。总之,引言段在全文三段中的重要性再怎么强调也不过分。如果要按重要性依次递减的顺序来排的话,那么应是引言在先,其次是结尾段,再次是拓展段。

2.制造语言的闪光点

“言之无文,行而不远”,同理语言干瘪平淡,让人看之面目可憎,读后味如嚼蜡。要想攫住阅卷老师匆匆的一瞥,留住他们的兴奋点,就非得在语言上猛下功夫,多制造些表达上的闪光点。语言是思维的外壳,语言的好坏直接影响到实际作文分数的高低。语言表达的亮点体现在小到一个词,短语大到一个句子中。高分作文往往是“锱铢必较”,几乎字字计较。很多人作文分数很低往往是因为用词面太窄。当然,词汇的积累是有个过程的。可惜的是,很多同学只能认词,却不能再现,更不用说写作时运用了。

3.避免中国式英语

母语为非英语的人学习英语时往往会将母语的思维和表达方式直接迁移到英语表达当中。中国人学英语时往往会受母语根深蒂固的影响,最易造出中国腔的英语。有人把“价格便宜”直接写成“The price is cheap”,把“这件事小菜一碟”说成“This is a small dish”,让人看后苦笑不得。因此要尽量摆脱中国试英语,方法看来只有一条:多看外国人写的文章,多多阅读。不难想象,阅卷老师如果在短短的二百字文章中到处看到Chinglish,他无法使自己对你文章的印象好起来。

4.尽量有路标词

路标词(signalword)又称衔接词(connectives)就像灯塔为在茫茫大海中航行的船只指引方向一样,它能突出文章的层次性和逻辑性。英语文章讲究启承转合。“启”就是开启观点:“承”就是接着话茬进一步发展论证或补充:“转”就是讲相反或对立的观点:“合”就是总结概括。一篇文章若没有路标词便会杂乱无章的乱堆在一起,给人凌乱没有条理的感觉。标志词或衔接词的作用绝对不可小觑。

此外,多种句型的交替使用,文章脉络层次的分明,论据的合理充分等在写作中都应引起足够的重视。

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更多相似作文

篇1:高二期末英语

全文共 1110 字

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From Monday until Friday most people are busy working or studying, but in

the evenings and on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy themselves. Some

watch television or go to the movies; others participate in sports. It depends

on individual interests. There are many different ways to spend our spare

time.

Almost everyone has some kind of hobby. It may be anything from collecting

stamps to making model airplanes. Some hobbies are worth a lot of money; others

are valuable only to their owners.

I know a man who has a coin collection worth several thousand yuan. A short

time ago he bought a rare ten-yuan piece worth 250 yuan. He was very happy about

the purchase and thought the price was reasonable. On the other hand, my son

collects match boxes. He has almost 600 of them but I doubt if they are worth

any money. However, to my son they are extremely valuable. Nothing makes him

happier than to find a new match-box for his collection.

Thats what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our

spare time simply for the fun of it. The value in money is not important, but

the pleasure it gives us is.

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篇2:高二期末英语

全文共 814 字

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“Growing Pains” seems full of knowledge and experience. So it does because

all of us have growing pains and also growing gains in our lives.

Growing up is not a very enjoyable time. It means I have to work hard in

studying and in family. Theres always so much homework given by teachers and so

many arguments between the parents and me. The time is fair, but it seems it

gives pains three quarters and only one quarter to gains.

But gains give me power and confidence. Successes and friendship make me

happy and enjoyable. We played with snow in the winter that seldom snows, we

flew kites in the night that usually belongs to homework, we ate several ice

creams that almost made us cold. We picked up leaven that no longer high up!

Although pains are always more than gains, I believe both of them make my

life more colorful

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篇3:网购的英语初中作文

全文共 2027 字

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Whenit comes to online shopping, different people holds different ideas towards it.Some people seem extremely enjoy the way of buying things online because theyfeel online shopping is so convenient. Some just don’t believe that they can buygood quality commodities from Internet. As far as I’m concerned, I think onlineshopping creates lots of benefits to people.

Firstly,buying things online is a way of saving time. Compared with the traditional wayof shopping, we have no need to go out to pick up our favorite goods from storeto store. Just a click, we can have things in our shopping cart and just waitfor the goods to be delivered to us. To this extent, not only we can save thetime of finding things from store to store but we don’t need to spend time ontransportation. Thus, we can save lots of time to enjoy fun.

Secondly,buying things online can save our money. People buy commodities by Internet notonly because it saves us time, but also, we can save lots of money. It is oftenseen that some people just go to the physical store to check out thecommodities they want to buy and then they would search for their favoritecommodities online and take the order. People do this just because they knowthat online goods are usually cheaper than the goods displayed in shop windowbecause online shop have no need to pay the rent. So, people are more inclinedto buying things from online store.

Thirdly,convenience is the last but not least thing of shopping online. Since we canbuy things online, there is no need to go out to look for things we want tobuy. What we need to do is to simply sit before our computer, search for thingswe want to buy, click our favorite thing and then pay our order by our bankcard. And then, you just need to wait for your goods to be delivered to yourhome.

Inconclusion, shopping online is a convenient, time-saving and money saving wayof buying things. Therefore, we can benefit a lot from shopping online. That’sthe reason of why shopping online has developed faster and faster in recentyears.

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篇4:说明文写作技巧:碧波之上话彩虹——"依据特征,理清顺序"

全文共 3018 字

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安徽 刘腾辉

【作文导引】

写作说明文的目的一般是让人们了解事物的特征、明白事理,从而获得一定的知识和技能。只有清楚地进行说明,才能达到这个目的。那么,如何使说明文条理清晰,使读者一目了然呢?众所周知,任何事物或事理都有其内在的特点及其一定的逻辑关系,说明时就要按照其本身的条理性来合理安排说明的顺序

说明文的说明顺序各不相同。说明顺序的采用,往往是由说明对象的特征和说明目的决定的。常见的说明顺序有以下三种:时间顺序,空间顺序,逻辑顺序。一篇文章中,不一定只采用一种说明顺序,有时根据说明的需要,综合使用几种说明顺序。我们在写作时,怎样才能合理地安排说明顺序呢?

一、安排说明顺序要依据说明对象的特点和内在的逻辑关系来进行。

一般情况下,说明对象包括具体的事物和抽象的事理两个方面。任何事物都有一定的特征,写作时,我们要在细致观察的基础上,抓住其本质特征安排合理的说明顺序。如果说明事物的发展变化过程,可采用时间顺序;若说明事物的形貌特征或者方位,可采用空间顺序。抽象的事理,一般都有内在的逻辑关系,说明时,可根据不同的关系确立适当的说明顺序,如由一般到特殊,由概括到具体、由因到果……

二、安排说明顺序要符合事物发展和人们认识事物的规律。

任何事物的发展变化都是有规律的,人们对事物的认识也是有一定的规律可循的。一般来讲,事物的发展和变化往往都具有由小到大,由简单到复杂的特点。人们对事物的认识,也是由浅入深、由表及里、由初级到高级,层层深入的。因此,写事理说明文,安排说明顺序时,一定要遵循事物发展的客观规律以及人们认识事物的规律。

三、安排说明顺序要充分考虑到说明的中心和材料的关系。

说明文的材料是为中心服务的,具体安排什么样的材料说明事物,就必须把握说明的中心是什么。而安排说明顺序,一定要充分考虑到中心和材料的关系。比如说,说明一棵树,若从其生长过程的角度进行说明,可采用时间顺序;若从其功用等角度说明,可采用逻辑顺序。

【升格例析】

【病文展示】

家乡的小桥

人们常说:"江南多水乡,故而桥是南方独特的风景线。"南方的名桥固然奇妙,但作为土生土长的北方人,我还是认为家乡的小桥独具风韵。

在我的家乡,有两种桥最为普遍,土桥和钢筋混凝土桥。现在大多为钢筋混凝土桥。这种桥主要是以钢筋混凝土土作为材料进行修建的,虽没有镂刻的优美图案、独特的造型,形式简洁明了,但坚固耐用。桥面平坦,下面有七根粗大的桥墩;桥面两边的栏杆昂首挺立,像一个个威风凛凛的哨兵。每两个桥墩之间都有大大的桥洞,使水流畅通无阻,为旱灌涝排提供了方便。桥与地面相连,上面覆盖着厚厚的尘土,被过往的车辆压得结结实实。

过去,我们家乡则以土桥居多。所谓土桥,是以土为材料。几米、乃至十几米宽的小河,两岸随便垒起几块石头,然后在上面搭上几块石板,铺些土,压平,土桥就这样建成了。

家乡的小桥造型简单,古朴典雅。有时桥面上还有些许的坑坑洼洼,那或许是岁月所留下的痕迹吧。整个桥身和路面一样,非常不起眼,很难惹人注目。但是,两岸绿柳成荫,微风吹拂,景致宜人。

无论是现在的钢筋混凝土桥,还是以前的土桥,都起到沟通和连接的作用。()家乡的小桥虽然简陋,但维系着父老乡亲的生命线,意义重大。

【误区警示】

上面这篇文章,作者虽然抓住了土桥和钢筋混凝土桥的特点进行说明,但在说明事物特征、顺序及语言方面,还存在一定的不足之处。

警示一:没能很好地抓住说明对象的本质特征来写。写钢筋混凝土桥时,作者只是粗略地介绍了桥面、桥墩、桥洞等方面的一般特征,而没有抓住桥的坚固耐用这一本质特征重点说明。

警示二:条理不清,结构混乱。先写现在,再写过去,顺序颠倒。特别是写钢筋混凝土桥,一会儿写桥面、桥墩,一会儿又写栏杆、桥洞,条理极不清晰。另外,在说明钢筋混凝土桥和土桥之间,缺少必要的过渡,结构混乱。

警示三:个别语句的表达过于绝对,说明语言不够准确。像文中第三段"所谓土桥,是以土为材料"一句,语意就过于绝对。因为土桥的材料不完全是土,下文可知,还有石块、石板等。第四段"整个桥面和路面一样"一句表意也不准确,桥面和路面根本不可能完全一样。等等。

【升格点拨】

建议从以下三个方面进行升格:

一、写钢筋混凝土桥,应该抓住这种桥坚固耐用这一本质特征进行重点说明,无论写桥面、桥墩,还是栏杆等,都要围绕这一点来写。这样,才能更好地突出事物的本质特征。

二、应该按时间的先后顺序,先写过去的土桥,再写现在的钢筋混凝土桥。对钢筋混凝土桥的说明,要按空间顺序,由上到下,依次写桥面、栏杆、桥墩、桥洞。同时,土桥和钢筋混凝土桥两部分内容之间,应该加上一个过渡段,可这样来写:"随着岁月的流逝,家乡那古朴简单的土桥因年久失修而破败不堪。而社会的发展,又使得钢筋混凝土桥这一新生事物在此安家落户了".

三、对说明对象的特征并不完全了解的内容,应该用上一些表示估计或推测的词语,以体现说明语言的准确性。如"所谓土桥,是以土为材料"一句,应在"是"的前面加上"主要"一词,这样,语意就不显得绝对了。

【升格示例】

家乡的小桥

人们常说:"江南多水乡,故而桥是南方独特的风景线。"南方的名桥固然奇妙,但作为土生土长的北方人,我还是认为家乡的小桥独具风韵。

在我的家乡,有两种桥最为普遍,土桥和钢筋混凝土桥。过去,土桥最多。所谓土桥,主要是以土为材料。几米、乃至十几米宽的小河,两岸随便垒起几块石头,然后在上面搭上几块石板,铺些土,压平,土桥就这样建成了。

家乡的小桥造型简单,古朴典雅。有时桥面上还有些许的坑坑洼洼,那或许是岁月所留下的痕迹吧。整个桥身几乎和路面一样,非常不起眼,很难惹人注目。但是,两岸的绿柳成荫,微风吹拂,柳梢便趁机亲吻小桥。桥下的流水哗哗流淌,唱着欢快的歌儿,远处的农舍隐藏在袅袅炊烟之中,具有"小桥流水人家"的诗情画意。

随着岁月的流逝,家乡那古朴简单的土桥因年久失修而破败不堪。而社会的发展,又使得钢筋混凝土桥这一新生事物在此安家落户了。

形式简洁明了,结构坚固耐用,是钢筋混凝土桥的本质特征。桥面结实平坦,两边的栏杆昂首挺立,像一个个威风凛凛的哨兵。桥下有四根粗大的桥墩,全是混凝土所制,如同擎天玉柱,使小桥牢牢地屹立在河面之上。三个大大的桥洞,又使水流畅通无阻,为旱灌涝排提供了方便。桥与地面相连,上面覆盖着厚厚的尘土,被过往的车辆压得结结实实,好像给桥面穿了一件黄色的外衣,让人分辨不清哪是桥,哪是路。

我国著名桥梁专家茅以升曾说过:"桥是一条放大的板凳".不错,每一座桥梁都起到沟通和连接的作用。家乡的小桥虽然简陋,但维系着父老乡亲的生命线,意义重大。

【升格点评】

能抓住事物的本质特征,进行有条理的说明,是升格文最突出的特点。此外,语言生动准确,结构严谨也是本文的亮点。

一、作者在升格文中,紧紧扣住土桥的造型简单、古朴典雅及钢筋混凝土桥的坚固耐用的本质特征进行说明,鲜明具体,同时流露出作者对家乡小桥的喜爱之情。

二、升格后的文章,根据说明的需要,采用了两种顺序:一是以时间为序,先写过去的土桥,再写写作的钢筋混凝土桥;二是写钢筋混凝土桥时,采用自上而下的空间顺序。这就使文章条理清晰,使人一目了然。

三、以文艺性的语言,生动地说明了事物的特征,语言准确严密。如文中"柳梢便趁机亲吻小桥。桥下的流水哗哗流淌,唱着欢快的歌儿",以拟人的手法,说明土桥周围景色的美丽;同时,作者又把栏杆比作"哨兵",把桥面上的尘土比作"黄色的外衣",生动贴切。

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篇5:初中英语作文春节

全文共 989 字

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In my memory, a lot of things happened in the Spring Festival last year, but the happiest thing for me was to put up fireworks and watch the Spring Festival Gala.

On the thirty night of the year, after our family had finished the dinner, I could not wait to wait in front of the TV set, waiting for the start of the Spring Festival Gala. Eight oclock arrived at the end of the party. I cant keep my eyes on the TV, and I dont want to leave half a step, and Im afraid to miss a good program. The program of the Spring Festival Gala is quite a lot: there are cross talk, there is a little piece, and the singing and dancing acrobatics show, the most magical thing is magic and face change. Show than a fun, than a wonderful, we can sometimes be absorbed in one family, sometimes uproarious.

This night, I was so excited that I didnt sleep well overnight. How I wish the Spring Festival of 20XX came quickly, so that I could look at the Spring Festival Gala and fireworks as happy as last year.

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篇6:我的英语老师初中

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我的英语老师并不是我的班主任,但她也并没有因为这个而更偏向于她的班级,相反,她总是一视同仁。

英语老师带着一副没有任何装饰的眼镜,就像她的性格,很直,虽然有时说话会有些重,但每个同学也都是明白他的用心良苦的;她的眉毛很浓,这也算是远看上去,老师最大的特点了吧;老师的个子也是不高,几乎全班同学都会有她高,但是她在同学们的心中却是无比高大的……但无论如何,老师的教学水平还是很不错的。

我是英语课代表,所以在英语方面我是一向不敢有一点怠慢的,在之前的每一次考试中,我也是有惊无险的坐在第一名的宝座上(在这里说一句实在话,这真的是很累,每次都得付出那么多,我也都是有一些厌烦了)。但是上次的期末考试,确实让我栽了个跟头,我的英语成绩一向是维持在140分左右的,考试这次竟然130分都考不到,这让我有些惊讶,更有些害怕,在几天后的通英语老师的交谈中,我也是从她的眼神中看到了一丝失望,这让我下定决心在今后一定要更加发奋学习。

当然,在英语方面,我也是犯了一些原则性的错误。前几天,老师突然在早上检查起了作业,要知道平日里老师是很少用课堂上的时间来做这样耽误时间的事的。可是那天,也是因为我的一些失误,作业有些未完成的没有告诉老师(再说句实话,告诉老师,真的很得罪人,就是因为怕得罪人,所以.....可是,世界上哪里有不自私的人啊?!!)也是被狠批了一顿,并跟着他们被多布置了几遍作业。对此,我很是心服,我也当然知道这是不对的,是害了同学。可是我却是因为怕得罪同学,我觉得这是我思想上的问题,今后我也应当正确承担起课代表应付的责任,真心为同学服务,所以,这也应了一开始我就说的话,老师对一切同学都是一视同仁的!

这便是我的英语老师,一个能够一视同仁,为同学着想,一个真正让我心服的老师!

学。

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篇7:初中英语满分

全文共 560 字

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English is one of my best subjects and I started learning English when I

was ten years old.

But at the very beginning, listening seemed a little difficult for me. So I

have been doing a lot of listening practice, such as listening to tapes,

watching English TV programs. And I found it really helped a lot. In fact, there

are some more helpful ways to learn English well. For example, I enjoy singing

English songs and I want to join an English club or find a pen pal from

English-speaking countries.

I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.

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篇8:关于初中军训英语作文

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Military Training

In our country, when we go to middle school, we must attend to the military training. Most students are afraid of it, because the training often happens in hot summer. In summer days, the weather is too hot to stand. But students have to stay outside all the day. In addition, the training is very hard. Students have to learn to be a solder. They have to obey many rules that they don’t have to in daily life. And the trainer is very strict to students. They do like our teachers who care us patiently. However, military training is a good way to train students’ strong will power. It’s useful to the life of students. Therefore, it’s necessary to student.

作文翻译:

军训

在我国,当我们去上初中的时候,我们必须参加军训。到部分的学生都害怕军训,因为训练通常是在炎热的夏天进行。夏天,天气炎热难熬。但是,学生必须一整天都呆在外面。另外,训练还很辛苦。学生们必须像士兵一样。他们必须遵守很多在日常生活中无需遵守的规则。而且,教官对学生很严厉。他们像老师一样耐心照顾我们。但是,军训也是一种锻炼学生意志的好方法。它对学生的生活很有帮助。因此,军训对学生是很必要的。

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篇9:初中生说明文写作指导

全文共 3326 字

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一、什么是说明文

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。说明文实用性很强,它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词、科学小品等。

二、说明文分类

按照不同的标准,说明文可分不同的类别:

依据说明对象与说明目的的不同,把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。事物说明文的说明对象是具体事物。通过对具体事物的形状、构造、性质、特点、用途等作客观而准确的说明,使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物,例如:《中国石拱桥》、《苏州园林》等。事理说明文的说明对象是某个抽象事理。将抽象事理的成因、关系、原理等说清楚,使读者明白这个事理“为什么是这样”是其主要目的,例如《大自然的语言》、《奇妙的克隆》等。 根据说明语言的不同特色,把说明文分为平实的说明文和生动的说明文两种。

根据说明文的体系不同,还可以分为自然科学类和社会科学类。

三、说明文的特点

以说明为主的表达方式是说明文与其他文体的主要区别。在各种文章样式中,说明文体是一种客观的说明事物,阐明事理的一种文体。说明文的特点是“说”,而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识,或者来自有关科学研究资料,或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得,都具有严格的科学性。

说明文的语言特点

准确、简洁、平实是说明文语言的主要特点。当然,说明文的语言风格也是多种多样、各有特色的,有的以平实见长,有的以生动活泼见长。以此为据,可概括为平实说明和生动说明两种方式。一般来说,以说明事物为主的说明文,重在抓住事物的特点,用简明的语言平实地加以说明。而科学小品,讲究趣味性、文艺性,须要作必要的生动、形象的说明。

四、说明文的顺序

1.时间顺序。时间顺序是文章常见的记叙、说明顺序之一。 即按照事理发展过程的先后来介绍某一事物的说明顺序。凡是事物的发展变化都离不开时间,如说明生产技术、产品制作、工作方法、历史发展、文字演变、人物成长、动植物生长等等,都应以时间为序。 时间顺序在文章中使用恰当就可以起到画龙点睛的效果,说明清楚,使读者一目了然,所以在文章时间顺序也是一种独特技巧。 2.空间顺序。空间顺序。即是按事物空间结构的顺序来说明 ,或从外到内,或从上到下,或从整体到局部来加以介绍,这种说明顺序有利于全面说明事物各方面的特征。一般说明某一静态实体(如建筑物等),常用这种顺序。;《故宫博物馆》按照先总后分的顺序,先概括说明故宫建筑物的总体特征,然后再具体介绍太和门、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清宫……御花园,而在介绍每一座建筑物的时候,则又按照先外后内、先上后下的顺序。

3.逻辑顺序。逻辑顺序即按照事物、事理的内在逻辑关系,或由个别到一般,或由具体到抽象,或由主要到次要,或由现象到本质,或由原因到结果等等一一介绍说明。逻辑顺序主要分成12种——从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体、从现象到本质、从具体到一般、从结果到原因、从次要到主要、从部分到整体、从具体到概括、从本质到现象、从一般到具体。不管是实体的事物,如山川、江河、花草、树木、器物等,还是抽象的事理,如思想、观点、概念、原理、技术等,都适用于以逻辑顺序来说明凡是阐述事物、事理间的各种因果关系或其他逻辑关系,按逻辑顺序写作最为适宜。

五、说明文的结构

说明文的结构一般有两种:总分式,事物说明文常用的结构形式:(1)总——分,如《苏州园林》(先总体的概括,再分说。结尾没有总结性的语言),(2)总——分——总,如《故宫博物院》;递进式,各层之间的关系是由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质。各层之间的关系为递进关系。如《向沙漠进军》。

六、说明文常用的说明方法

(1)下定义。用简明的语言指出被说明对象的本质特征。从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。下定义能准确揭示事物的本质,是科技说明文常用的方法。

(2)分类别。把被说明对象按一定的标准分成不同的类别,一类一类地加以说明,叫分类别。如《食物从何处来》把生物获得食物的途径和方法划分为"自养"和"异养"两类,然后分别说明。

(3)举例子。举出实例进行说明,使内容具体化,叫举例子。《中国石拱桥》通过介绍赵州桥和芦沟桥,使人们具体了解中国石拱桥的特点,用的就是举例子的说明方法。

(4)列数字。用准确的数据说明事物的某些方面,这种方法叫列数字。如"笔全长13.5厘米,笔身约占3/5,笔帽约占2/5。顶端的活动小枢纽能自由伸出和缩进,像个乌**,长0.7厘米,笔挂长3.9厘米。"(《我的圆珠笔》)

(5)作比较。就是通过比较说明事物和事理。例如《苏州园林》中,用苏州园林建筑的不对称与我国古代宫殿和近代的一般住房的对称进行比较,突出苏州园林的自然之美。

(6)打比方。说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物,可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。"石拱桥的桥洞成弧形,就像虹。"形象准确地说明了石拱桥的外形特征,这句话就用了打比方的说明方法。

(7)画图表。为了把复杂的事物说清楚,还可以采用图表法,来弥补单用文字表达的缺欠,对有些事物解说更直接、更具体。使读者直观,一目了然地了解事物的特征。

(8)引资料。资料的范围很广,可以是经典著作,名家名言,公式定律,典故谚语等。

(9)摹状貌。为了使被说明对象更形象、具体,可以进行状貌摹写,这种说明方法叫摹状貌。(和描写要区分开,两者虽一样,不过是在不同的文体中的。)

(10)作诠释。 从一个侧面,就事物的某一个特点做些解释,这种方法叫诠释法。

七、简单说明文的写作方法

1、必须抓住特征。所谓特征,就是指事物所具有的独特的地方。任何事物都有各自的特征,这也是它区别于其它事物的主要标志《活板》介绍我国古代的印刷术,就当时说:"活板"这种印刷术的主要特征是"活"。因而文章在介绍中自始至终抓住了这个特征,把活板的印刷历史、制作方法和使用方法,介绍得十分清楚,使读者有了确切的了解。能不能抓住事物的特征,主要取决于作者对事物有没有细致的观察和深入的研究。

2、合理安排顺序。事物大多是具有复杂性的,必须从多方面去介绍,才能讲清楚它的特征。依据事物本身固有的条理,是将说明文写得条理清楚的根本保证。事物本身固有的条理顺序,一般说来,有以下几种:

(1)空间顺序。是指按照物品的空间方位进行说明。或由远及近,由近及远;或由内到外,由外到内;或由上到下,由下到上;或由前到后,由后到前等等。说明物品的形状、构造,一般采用这种顺序。

(2)时间顺序。是指按照时间发展的先后进行说明,先发生的先说,后发生的后说。说明事物发展变化的过程,往往采用这种顺序。如《看云识天气》中有一段描写天气的变化,由晴转阴,由阴转雨(雪)有时间先后的顺序,天空的云随着这个时间的推移,也变化着不同的形态:卷云--卷层云--雨层云。就是按时间先后的顺序写的。

(3)逻辑顺序。是指按照事物内部的联系和人们认识事物的规律来安排说明的顺序。由

整体到部分,由主要到次要,由浅入深,由简到繁,由具体到抽象,由现象到本质等,因此,说明文作者在考虑文章思路时也必须符合这些认识规律,才能使自己的文章正确地反映人们对客观世界的认识过程,同时又能适应读者的接受能力和欣赏习惯。如《大自然的语言》说明物候现象来临的因素,共写了三段:第一段说,"首先是纬度",第二段指出,"经度的差异是影响物候第二个因素",第三段指出,"影响物候的第三个因素是高下的差异"。这个层次顺序的安排,就是由主次决定的。

3、选择说明方法。说明事物的方法很多,我们选择什么样的说明方法要根据自己的文章而定,因为运用一些说明方法的目的,是为了更正确地说明事物。

4、语言描述准确。说明文的语言,和其它文体一样,都讲究用词准确,表述明白,这是写好各类文体章的基本要求。但是,说明文作为一种独立的文体,对文章的语言又有自己的特殊要求。说明文是以介绍知识为主的一种文体,无论是解说事物,还是阐明事理,都必须讲究科学性,按照客观事物的本来面目,老老实实地说清它们各自的特点和本质,既不允许虚构夸大,哗众取宠,也不允许艰深晦涩,佶屈聱牙。这样,说明文的语言就应该简洁明了,质朴无华,也就是语言要"平实"。

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篇10:2024年期末英语写作高分素材经典名言

全文共 1909 字

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1.A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight.(P.

B. Shelley , British poet )伟大的诗篇即是永远喷出智慧和欢欣之水的喷泉。(英国诗人 雪莱。 P.B)

2.Art is a lie that tells the truth 。( Picasso , Spanish painter )美术是揭示真理的谎言。 (西班牙画家 毕加索)

3.Humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in earnest. (Mark Twain , American novelist )幽默被人正确地解释为“以诚挚表达感受,寓深思于嬉笑”。(美国小说家 马克·吐温)

4.The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation; the two keep in their downward tendency.( Johan Wolfgang von Goethe , German poet)文学的衰落表明一个民族的衰落。这两者走下坡路的时间是齐头并进的。(德国诗人歌德 。 J 。 W 。)

5.When one loves one‘s art no service seems too hard 。(O. Henry, American novelist)一旦热爱艺术,什么奉献也不难。 (美国小说家 欧·亨利)

Education 教育篇

6.And gladly would learn , and gladly teach 。( Chaucer , British poet)勤于学习的人才能乐意施教。(英国诗人, 乔叟)

7.Better be unborn than untaught , for ignorance is the root of misfortune.(Plato , Ancient Greek philosopher)与其不受教育,不如不生,因为无知是不幸的根源。(古希腊哲学家柏拉图)

Friendship 友谊篇

8. Some friends come and go like a season. Others are arranged in our lives for good reason.(Sharita Gadison)一些朋友随季节离去,而另外一些则伴我们度过美好的季节。

9.A true friend is someone you can disagree with and still remain friends. For if not, they weren‘t true friends in the first place.(Sandy Ratliff)真朋友是可以与你有不同见解的,如果不是,首先就不是真朋友。

10.True friendship is felt, not said.(Mariecris Madayag)朋友是说不出的感觉。

11.Friends are like stars,you don‘t always see them, but you know they‘re always there.(Hulali Luta)朋友是感觉不到的存在。

12.Memories last forever, never do they die. Friends stay together, never say goodbye.(Melina Campos)记忆永不死,朋友永不说再见。

Health 健康篇

13.light heart lives long.( William Shakespeare , British dramatist)豁达者长寿(英国剧作家莎士比亚。 W.)

14.Early to bed and early to rise , makes a man healthy , wealthy and wise.(Benjamin Franklin , American president )早睡早起会使人健康、富有和聪明。 (美国总统 富兰克林。B.)

15.The first wealth is health 。( Ralph Waldo Emerson , American thinker)健康是人生第一财富。 (美国思想家爱默生。 R. W.)

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篇11:有关交流英语作文初中

全文共 1956 字

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Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live we must

communicate with other people.

A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by

the simple means of speech.

If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are

likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news

or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by other members of

society.

Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and

during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one

of the dominating factors of contemporary society.

Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications,

photography, radio and television.

Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of

communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news,

which itself is often almost eclipsed by international news.

No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged

minority.

In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed

fortunate, but today there are public libraries.

Forty years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people

sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into

millions of homes.

Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of

information.

The modern communication industry influences the way people live in society

and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and

entertainment.

The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with

informing, educating and entertaining.

Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is

very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the

vast modern network of communications is open to abuse.

However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no

turning back.

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篇12:关于英语说明文的写作方法

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就“说明对象”而言,英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类,比如:对“LASER(激光)”、“Computer Problem of Year XX(计算机XX年问题)”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明,而“The Successful Interview(谈成功的面试)”、“How to Write Good English Composition(如何才能写好英语作文)” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说,在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者,即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中,阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重,其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述,英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分:第一部分一般是文章的第一段,提出文章的主题,也就是说,文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容;第二部分是文章的主体,可由若干个段落组成,对文章的主题进行展开说明;第三部分是结尾段,对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出,要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中,常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种:

1.罗列法(listing)

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点,然后常用first,second,…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中,下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的:

Early Rising

Early rising (早起) is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us fit (健康)。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise (做早操)。

Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning, and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly, early rising enables (使能够) us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says,“Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落,我们可以注意模仿学习:

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all, …Secondly, …And finally,

必须指出的是,有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first, second…等词,但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法(examples)

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思,常用for example, for instance, still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的:

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation (娱乐)。 The mind, too, needs change to make it fresh and vigorous (有活力的) There is much truth in the old saying, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done, for instance, football, tennis, and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating, fishing, gardening, cycling, walking, chess-playing, and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles (肌肉) with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work (体力活) should adopt (采纳) reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation, but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience, and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk (轻松) walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor, chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出,举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用:即用罗列法来列出例子,用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法(comparison and contrast)

比较法是对两个对象进行比较,从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点(comparison)和比较不同点(contrast)两种方法,比如:

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length (长度), the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构)。 For example, the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主题句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主题所在) Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引导的) paragraph. Finally, a concluding sentence (结束句) ——whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay, too, has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions (例外), most well written expository (说明文的) paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出,在比较相同点的时候,常用到similarly,also,too,in the same case,in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football, the two games show several major differences. European football, sometimes called association football or soccer, is played in 80 countries, making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football, on the other hand, is popular only in North America (the United States and Canada)。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football, also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions (位置) on the field, is played with an elongated (拉长的) round ball. Soccer has little body contact (接触) between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football, in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates, needs special protective equipment. In soccer, the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting (顶) it with the head. In American football, on the other hand, the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents (对手) goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish (区别) association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出:however,on the other hand,in contrast,but,nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法(definition)

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法,特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是:

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出,定义句中限制性定语越详细,定义就越精确,比如:

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以……为食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实,在英—英词典中,对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如,看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的:A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession (专业)。

5.顺序法(sequence of time, space and process)

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平,用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义,用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的:

Coal

Coal underwent (经受) many changes before it became the bright, brittle (脆的), black substance which we now use. During ancient times (在上古时代), when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate, the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on, the ground changed and began to sink (下沉) a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit (沉淀) of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations (几世纪后), as the ground kept gradually sinking, another layer of sand and clay was again deposited (积聚) above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted (作用) and the peat (泥煤) was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine (煤矿)。 In China, coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法(classification)

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如:著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》(Of Studies)一文中就用到了分类法:

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文:书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所需摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》(张培基等)

可见,如果能够根据具体情况,选用合适的写作手法,就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外,还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下,对于中学生来说,上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是:在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主,同时辅以其他写作手法。有时,甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此,必须根据具体情况,选用合适的展开主题的写作手法,才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

展开阅读全文

篇13:初中语文说明文阅读答题技巧

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从近年来全国各地的语文中考试题看,说明文在整个试卷中所占的比例也逐年增大。其难度也在逐年提高。下面是小编帮大家整理的初中语文说明文阅读基本知识及答题技巧,希望大家喜欢。

一、说明文基本知识

1、概念:说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式,用来介绍或解释事物的状态、性质、构造、功用、制作方法、发展过程以及内在事理的一种实用文体。

2、与其它文体的区别:议论文以理服人,哲理性是它的主要特点;记叙文以情感人,形象性是它的主要特点;说明文以知授人,知识性是它的主要特点。

3、说明文的分类

事物说明文:如《苏州园林》,说明“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上,眼前总是一幅完美的图画”的特征。

事理说明文:如《死海不死》,科学的说明了死海不死的原因在于“海水的咸度很高”。

二. 阅读技巧

(一)阅读说明文要注意从以下几个方面入手:

第一招:善于找准说明对象。

第二招:善于概括说明对象的特点。

第三招:善于分析说明顺序。

第四招:善于分析说明方法及其作用。弄清楚了说明方法的特点,分析它们在文章中的具体作用。

第五招:善于分析说明文的语言。

第六招:善于分析引用古籍或名言的目的。先要理解所引古籍或名言的含义,现联系说明的内容,看看这两者间有何内在联系,就能领悟其引用的目的了。在说明的开头文段或中间叙述有关的故事,究竟起何作用:在文章开头叙述故事,其目的往往是为了引起读者阅读的兴趣,或者是为了引出说明对象。在文章或段落中间叙述故事,往往是为了增强说明文的可读性,同时也为了说明事物的来源或作用。

第七招:善于完成开放性问题。中考说明文阅读,根据“新课标”中要求“注意领会作品中所体现的科学精神和科学思想方法”的要求,说明文阅读考查的题目势必要引导学生关注人类、关注自然、关注生态环境、关注科技进程、关注未来发展,有利于培养学生的科学态度、科学思想、科学品质、科学精神和科学方法。

(二)说明文阅读一般涉及11种题型:

1、考查说明对象:

答题技法:其一,要看懂题目,不少说明文题目本身就表示说明对象,如《中国石拱桥》、《苏州园林》等。其二,抓住首括句和中心句。说明文往往需要运用首括句和中心句来提示说明重点,包括说明事物的特征。反之,如果需要为说明文的语段加一个标题,也可以用说明对象作为标题。

回答时形成一个短语:本文介绍了……的……(对象加特征)。

例:《看云识天气》介绍云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

2、被说明事物的特征:

答题技法:尽量从原文中找原词原句,若没有,则注意段意、中心句。

例:《中国石拱桥》三大特点:历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

3、说明方法:1、常见的说明方法有:举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用:

①、举例子:通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明,从而使说明更具体,更有说服力。

②、分类别:对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明,使说明更有条理性。

③、作比较:把__________和__________加以比较,突出强调了事物的特征/事理。

④、作诠释:对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明,使说明更通俗易懂。

⑤、打比方:将__________比作__________,从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

⑥、摹状貌:对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹,使说明更具体形象。

⑦、下定义:用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示,从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

⑧、列数字:用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更准确更有说服力。

⑨、列图表:用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明,使说明更简明更直观。

⑩、引用说明:引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)

B、引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)

C、引用名言、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。

(引用说明在文章开头,还起到引出说明对象的作用。)

4、说明顺序:有条有理地把事物的特征或事理介绍清楚。

时间顺序:即以事物发生、发展的时间先后来安排说明顺序,从而写出事物的发展变化情况。这种顺序一般用于人物的生平介绍、科学观察记录,说明事物或事理发生、发展或制作过程一类的说明文。

空间顺序:即按照事物的空间存在形式,或从外到内,或从上到下,或从前到后,或由远及近依次进行说明。这种说明顺序,一般用于说明事物的形状、构造特征。

逻辑顺序;即按照事物或事理的内部联系成人们认识事物的过程来安排说明顺序。由总到分(或由分而总)、由主而次、由现象到本质、由原因到结果、由个别到一般(或由一般到个别)、由抽象到具体、由整体到局部(或由局部到具体)等。

说明建筑物、景点等通常按照空间顺序说明。介绍事物各阶段的特点或制作过程时,往往采用时间顺序。介绍抽象事理时,则往往需要采用逻辑顺序。

近几年说明文选段多为科技类说明文,此类说明文一般是事理说明文居多,故多用逻辑顺序。

5、段意概括:

句式:说明了……介绍了……

方法:找中心句;结合本段说明特征概括,摘要联合,结合标点,尤其注意分号,认真提炼。

6、“这样”的指代义:指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。

7、段落语句顺序:

为什么不能调换段落顺序?

不能调换:原文采用由……到……的顺序介绍事物,调换后不合逻辑。

《向沙漠进军》5、6段照应上文游击战、阵地战顺序。

总分关系中分说部分与前文总说部分顺序相照应。《看云识天气》

8、语言准确性:类型1、加点字词有何作用?抓住说明文语文准确这一特点答题。

对策:答:准确/生动形象/地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理。 类型2、能否替换为另一个词语?并说明理由。

对策:答:(1)不可以。(2)原词的意思或内容。(3)所换词语的意思或内容。(4)换了后意思有何改变,与不符合实际。

类型3、限制性词语能否删去?

对策:答:(1)表态(删还是不删)。(2)定性。如:“比较”“几乎”“相当”等词表程度修辞;“大约”“可能”“左 右” 等表估计,“多”“有余”等表数量。(3)若删去,原来什么样的意思就变成了什么样的意思了,不符合实际,太绝对了。(4)xx词体现了语言的准确 性、周密性、科学性。

类型4、从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言“准确”特点的词句,并体会。

类型5:指代——“这些条件”、“这种现象”“同样道理”等在文中具体指代什么。对策:一般指的就是代词前面的那句话,找最近的一句话。有时要注意可能不是整句话,而是其中的一部分。

9、说明文的结构。

说明文的结构常见的形式有:“总——分”式、“总——分——总”式、“分——总”式、并列式、递进式等。

10、考查能否从阅读材料中捕捉重要信息,对段落的内容进行归纳;对全文要点进行概括。

技法:认真仔细阅读原文,一般都能从原文中找到答案。

(例:“死海之变”中“死海已发生了哪些巨大的地质变化?

答:(1)海水水体的分层结构消失(2)海水中的硫化氢消失(3)盐的沉积增多。

11、发散创新:近几年,开放性试题以它答案的多元性和不唯一性成为培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种重要形式,在考试中所占的比例也越来越大。综合各地开放型试题我们可以看出。这类试题大概从以下方面考查:

(1)对说明内容进行创新性的表述。

(2)对某种现象发表自己独特的看法和见解。

(3)结合实际对某个问题谈自己的认识。

(4)根据文章内容进行合理性的推断和大胆想象。

(5)由文章内容延伸到现实生活,对现实生活中相关现象进行解释。

(6)对人类关注的环境问题等提出解决的方法,拟写警示性标语、建议、广告等。这种题考查的是学生的综合能力。考查的是学生对生活的关注情况。做好这类题首先要让学生对所给材料有准确地把握,然后充分调动已有的知识和经验。再迁移到文段中来。开放性试题,虽然没有规定唯一的答案,可以各抒己见。但在答题时要从三个角度作答:

(1)是就材料回答问题。不一定按标准答案作答,意思答对就给满分;

(2)是阅读材料后受到的启示、感想。这样的答案也是具有个性化的;

(3)是从材料出发,或提出自己不同的看法。或扩散联想到其它方面。

总之。这类试题在训练理解能力的同时。训练表达能力,对答案的表述不能只靠一个符号或一个词语来完成,要写成一句或一段完整的话。在答题的同时有助于增加学生主体参与意识,扩大学生独立发表见解的余地,鼓励学生的创新意识和探究精神。

(三)对说明对象的把握。

看题目、首括句、尾结句或提问式语句。如果是事物说明文,被说明的事物既是说明对象。如果是事理说明文,说明对象则是对象加特征,答案形成一个短语:介绍了……的……。如:《看云识天气》,介绍了云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

考察对说明事物特征的把握。

答题技巧:尽量从原文中找原句作答,若没有,则注意段意、中心句。如《中国石拱桥》中关于它的三大特点:历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

(四)说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

规范性的答题模式如下:

这篇文章主要运用了……的说明方法,说明了……(内容:事物特征或事理),使说明……(作用:参考前面说明方法,明确其作用)

2、结合修辞手法谈

规范性的答题模式如下:

这是一篇生动地说明文,大量地使用了各种修辞手法,说明了……(内容),使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象;抒情、议论使说明更有感情。那么,从这个角度分析说明文的写法,答题的规范性格式如下:

这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式,除了说明外,还有……(从“记叙、描写、说明、议论”根据内容选择),如……(具体举例),就是……(表达方式)的运用,使说明更具体形象/充满感情。

(五)说明语段的作用

(1)、结构、内容作用:引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。

有时在文章在开头,还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

(2)、结合说明方法谈。

通过……的说明方法,说明了……(事物特征或事理),使说明……(作用)。

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篇14:生活英语作文初中

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When i was in high school, I had to study all the time and hardly had spare

time to do what i wanted to.Besides, I had to focus on my textbooks and doing

exercise again and again. Therefore, I had little time to read magazines and

novels and watch TV. what was worse, I couldnt play with my friends a lot, which

I couldnt stand the most. In a word, all i did in high shool should be

considered for the College Entrance Examination.

However, my college life is totally different from the life in high

school.I can arrange my time freely. I spend most of my time reading in the

library, where I can open my eyes and broaden my mind.In my free time, I also

join some clubs,where i can make a lot of friends of different majors. My

teachers in college are so kind and knowledgeable that they not only teach us

knowledge but also how to be a person and how to get on with others. In

addition, there are more opportunities for me to improve myself.

I believe college life is an important stage in my life. In college, i can

learn how to learn by myself, how to get on with others, how to live

independently.College provides me with a stage where i can show myself and be

myself.

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篇15:英语四级写作高分方法集锦

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【提要】英语四六级四级信息 : 20176月英语四级写作高分黄金句式【1】

▌列举法

列举法是四级写作中常用的方法,一般用first, second等一系列标志词引出原因或者可能的影响等。列举法常用的素材有:

引出列举

1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain ______. 也许有一些因素造成/可以解释______。

2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in ______.引起______显著增长/下降的原因有三个/许多/几个/很多。

3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解释这一趋势。

4. Why ______ ?为什么______?

5. The causes of ______ are varied. They include______ , perhaps the main cause is ______. 造成______的原因有很多,包括______,主要原因可能是______。

6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 这一问题的原因不难发现。

7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors. 要找出这一现象的原因并非易事,因为它涉及若干复杂的因素。

8. There are numerous reasons why ______, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. ______的原因有很多,这里我只想探讨其中几个最重要的原因。

9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones. 导致这种现象的原因有很多,以下是其中比较有代表性的。

10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones. 有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而言,我认为以下原因比较典型。

11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of ______. 引起______变化的因素有很多。

分条列举

1. In the first place, ______. In the second place______ .首先,______。其次,______。

2. First,______ . Second, ______ . 首先,______。其次,______。

3. To begin with, ______. Secondly, ______. Last but not least, ______.首先,______。其次,______。最后但并不是最不重要的,______。

4. The first reason is that ______. The second one is ______. The third is ______. 第一个原因是______。第二个原因是______。第三个原因是______。

5. First of all, ______. Secondly,______ . Furthermore,______ .首先,______。其次,______。另外,______。

6. For one thing, ______. For another, ______.一方面,______。另一方面,______。

7. Firstly, ______. Secondly, ______. Thirdly, ______.首先,______。其次,______。再次,______。

8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe______.我不同意上述观点的另一个原因是我认为______。

▌对比法

对比法是指通过对比两种截然不同的观点来陈述其中的利弊,从而得出自己的结论。对比法常用的素材有:

1. The advantages gained in ______ outweigh/are much g

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篇16:高考英语记叙文写作方法

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记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容,以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。

以写人为主的记叙文,应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写,考生应根据写作的要求,灵活掌握,突出重点。

以写事为主的记叙文,应该注意交待六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果),应该注意描写先后顺序以及记事的相对完整,注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局。

以与景为主的记叙文,应该注意景物的主要特征,景物描写的层次,以及人与物的情感交融。

记叙文写作要点如下:

1. 明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想,段落叙述始终围绕着主题而展开,避免空间的叙述和与主题无关的内容。

2. 一篇好叙述文需要直接或间接表达以下六个问题,即:when?该事发生的时间, where?该事发生的地点,who?人物角色是谁,what?发生的是什么事,why?该事发生的原因,以及how?事件的结果是如何造成的等等。

3. 一篇记叙文,无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实,因此,在下笔时必须明确:该从何处开始叙述,该在何处结束叙述,以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。

4. 写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法,但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练,以情节发生时间的先后为序。

记叙文高考指引

记叙文是高考书面表达中比较常用的一种形式。

1)记叙文要写作者比较了解的人或事物。

2)仔细审题,看准题目要求,确定文章的主题。文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题进行。

3)具体详细地描述。要使文章有说服力,叙述就必须繁简疏密相间。详细具体的描写有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件等有个深刻的印象。

4)写作时要避免句子单调、毫无花样。这就要求写作时长短句结合,注意衔接词的运用。

5)叙述要生动。要使文章叙述生动,具有吸引力,必须请注意词汇的选择,时态的运用以及上下文的一致问题。词语的运用应注意是否恰当、通顺、简洁和准确。时态的运用应注意上下文的相关性、连续性,要与表达的内容一致。

6)叙述的顺序。大多数情况下叙述都是按照事情的发展及时间的先后进行的,但有时也可以采用其它顺序,如倒叙、插叙等。

7)人称。一般说来,记叙文用第一人称或第三人称来叙述。用第一人称叙述的优点是:文章比较生动、形象,使读者有身临其境的感觉,因而加强了故事的真实感和感染力。其缺点是,描写的范围受到限制。一篇文章中,由于角色的变化,人称也要随之而变,但应注意前后一致性。

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篇17:初中英语满分

全文共 791 字

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With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping

online。 It has become a fashion in our daily life。 Some of us students also join

the group.

Shopping online has many advantages. Just by a click of the mouse, you can

buy what you’re interested in without going outdoors。 You can avoid getting

tired and being trapped in the crowded people and cars and save time。 When

shopping online, you can choose from more varieties of goods, whose prices are

generally lower.

Every coin has two sides。 Its disadvantages are obvious, too.On the one

hand, it’s very easy for you to buy goods different from the pictures you see on

the Internet。 On the other hand, shopping online may cause people to buy goods

that are not badly needed.That’s a waste of money.

All in all, I love shopping online.

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篇18:初中英语作文:我的未来

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I think I will be a teacher in the future,because I like to stay with children.

、Ill live in shanghai because I went toshanghai last summer and fell in love with it. I think its really a beautiful city.As a teacher, I’ll try my best to teach my students well and tell them how tobe a useful person.

In my free time, I’ll listen to music, pop songs and goshopping with my friends, Sometimes Ill keep pets-maybe a colorful bird. Itmakes me happy. During the summer holiday, I’ll go to Italy on vacation.

I hearthat its a great place to have fun.

我觉得将来我会成为一名教师,因为我喜欢和孩子们待在一起。我会住在上海,因为我去年夏天去上海的时候就爱上了它。我真的觉得那是一个美丽的城市。作为一名老师,我会尽力教好我的学生并告诉他们如何做一个有用的人。在我的空闲时间,我会听音乐,流行歌曲,和我的朋友去购物,有时候我会养宠物,也许会是一只色彩鲜艳的鸟。它能让我开心。暑假的时候我会去意大利度假。我听说那里是去玩的好地方。

[初中英语作文:我的未来

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篇19:初一期末写作指导

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一basic rules (写作规则)

1.信息提取—找全信息2.信息加工–- 重组信息 (适当的加入细节)

3.列提纲—确定句式,关联词,过渡词,较高级的句型和词汇

方法一:善用词汇 甚至善用高级词汇

A.They listened to the music on the beach.

B .They enjoyed the music on the beach.

A I wish you can help me.

B I’m looking forward to your help.

A They arrived early.

B They arrived as early as they could.

A His dog was saved at last. He was very surprised.

B To his surprise, his dog was saved at last.

A I think learning English is interesting.

B I find it really fun to learn English .

A We should protect the environment.

B It’s our duty to protect the environment.

方法二:活用多种句型

A She is very young.

She can’t carry the heavy box.

B She is too young to carry the heavy box.

C She is so young that she can’t carry the …

D She is not old enough to carry the…

表示并列或递进: and, as well as, both…and, what’s more not only…but also, neither…nor

2.表示选择: or, either…or

3.表示转折: but,however,although hough,after all,anyway

4.表示因果: because, so, therefore,since,for,as a result

5.表示条件: if , unless

6.表示对比: instead, not…but, while, in the same way, on the one hand…on the other hand

7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as, that is to say, in other words,to tell the truth

8.表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end

9.表示强调: also, besides, especially, actually, in fact

10.表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word, generally speaking, in short

用恰当的连词,连接下面各句。

How do people spend their vacationWe made a survey and here is our report.

According to it, a lot of people travel. And some people stay at home. They watch TV or surf the Internet. Also some other people visit friends or parents. However, a few people work. Come and enjoy your vacation. People who relax well work well.

增加连接词:How do people spend their vacationWe made a survey and here is our report.According to it, a lot of people travel. And some people stay at home. They watch TV or surf the Internet. Also some other people visit friends or parents. However, a few people work. Come and enjoy your vacation. People who relax well work well.

美文赏析: We interviewed people about the ways to spend the vacation and here is our report. According to it, most people choose to travel to get away from the busy world during the holidays. Then some people like to stay at home, watching TV or surfing the Internet to have a good rest. And to

visit friends or parents also makes them relaxed. However, a few people have to work. Come and enjoy your vacation. People who relax well work well.

增加谚语后的效果。

According to it, most people choose to travel to get away from the busy world during the holidays. Then some people like to stay at home, watching TV or surfing the Internet to have a good rest. However, a few people have to work. As the saying goes, ―All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.‖ Come and enjoy your vacation. People who relax well work well.

谚语总结:

However, a few people have to work. ____________________________________________

As the saying goes, “All work and no play makes____________________________________________

Jack a dull boy.” Come and enjoy your vacation. People____________________________________________

who relax well work well. ____________________________________________

方法四:妙用引文和例子(多用于―第二段‖)

We teenagers should do what we can to protect the environment and save the earth.For example, we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic bags, stop using napkins, plant more trees and save water and energy.

I often help my parents do housework, such as washing dishes, folding the clothes, taking out the trash and so on.

方法五 结尾:提出倡议或号召

Let’s …

Do it now ! / Don’t do it again!

As students, we should start from ourselves.

Don’t wait. Join us now!

Start to join us now!

Don’t put it off! Become a volunteer today!

How amazing! I can’t wait!

Save animals! Save Ourselves! Save our planet!

Don’t hesitate(犹豫). It will be great fun!

怎样保护动物的优美语句

1. we shouldn’t eat wild animals.We should keep them away from our dinner. In this way,there will not be wild animals on sale. I think the hunters and killers will become fewer and fewer.

2 We need to protect animals better.We should give them fresh water to drink.We should make the forests bigger for animals in danger to live in.We should advice people not to kill animals beacause they are our friends!

3 we should protect the environment.We should stop people from cutting trees down. Without trees, wild animals will lose their home. And we will lose our animal friends. All of us should try our best to protect animals.

有关音乐的优美语句

1. Almost everyone is fond of music.I am a music lover.

2. Listening to music is a hobby in my life.

3.Listening to music will make me feel relaxed.

4.Whenever I feel sad, I can just turn on the radio and listen to some music.

5.Music can cheer me up when I am sad.

6.feelings of country people. Pop music can make us excited and happy.

7.I am willing to share their happiness and trouble. 8.Music comes from the heart and flows into the heart.

9.Music is a kind of language that all the people in the world can understand it

[如何写好初一期末英语作文分析

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篇20:初中生英语

全文共 644 字

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Mother is the most important person to us. Now people celebrate Mother’s

Day every year. It has become more and more popular. This day is on the second

Sunday in May. On that day, children often send their mother flowers to express

their love. And some children make small gifts for their mothers.

In last years Mothers Day, I didnt spend it with my mother because she

was in the hometown and I was at school, which made me feel ashamed. At night, I

called my mother. At that time, I left my tears, and my mother told me that I

should study hard at school. In the end, I said to her “Happy Mother’ Day, I

love you" and she was very surprised and happy.

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