初中期末英语作文写作九大技巧分析（实用20篇）

Today I was sad because I was blamed. The day before yesterday, my father gave me a tast. He told me to finish math exercises and he would check today. I have to days to finish them. But I did not, because there was a football game yesterday. I was so tired, so I forgot them. Today, my father wanted to check my exercises. He found I did not finish, so he scolded me. He was angry and he do not let me play football anymore. I am afraid I cant play football anymore.

篇一：关于假期的英语作文

I had a long holiday for National Day .I was very happy, because I could do anything I want.

During those days. I enjoyed myself. At first, I went to the zoo to see lovely animals. And then. I went to the sea world to see beautiful fishes. That was very interesting. Secondly I went for a trip with my parents, we went to Linxia to visit my grandparents and to eat minoritys foods. We rode horse on the grassland and had a fun with local children. It was very exciting. After that, I held a party and invited some of my best friends to visit my house. My mother bought a lot of tasty foods for us, we also took many photos on the party. We played very happy. I also watched lots of carton films at home, they were wonderful.

I like the holiday. I like my National Day.

篇二：关于假期的英语作文

Im going to the sun on my holiday. I will go there by a spaceship. I will take a big blue spaceship. then Ill pilot the spaceship to the sun. the sun is very hot. So I put on the super-shirt. In the morning, I will have some sun burger fo

Im going to the sun on my holiday. I will go there by a spaceship. I will take a big blue spaceship。

then Ill pilot the spaceship to the sun. the sun is very hot. So I put on the super-shirt. In the morning, I will have some sun burger for my breakfast.

At eight oclock, I will play with my friends there. they are super dog and super girl. Super dog is white and black. Super girl is very clever. Super girl and super dog like to play with me. So I play with them for forty minutes. then I do my homework in my little red room on a small blue table. After my home work, I will have my lunch. I will eat sun salad. I will make some red toy bear to the sun babies.(www.zuowenla.cn) I will have red juice, red fish and red rice. All the things are red. then I need a lot of water on the sun because the sun is too hot. So I will walk to the spaceship. Ill pilot the spaceship to the earth.

This is a good holiday on the sun.

?高考作文越来越强调作文的开放性，充分体现“三自”出题原则，即立意自定、题目自拟、文体自选。高考作文文体自选，不意味着放松对文体规范的要求。对于写作水平一般的学生来讲，议论文体更好把握一些，只要论点正确鲜明、论据典型充分、论证合乎逻辑，就能得到及格线以上的分数，因此，应试作文选择议论文体是较为稳妥的。下面，就议论文体如何紧扣话题的技巧问题做简单的介绍。

一、准确分析话题，筛选出话题关键词。

如：以“人才的培养”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的作文。通过分析，我们筛选出话题的关键词是“培养”，那么，写作的重点就应落在“培养”上。

二、选择话题切入点，明确写作中心，确定作文标题。

1.要化“大”话题为“小”标题。怎样化大为小呢 首先，准确选择切入点，选择自己对话题最熟悉的角度，自己熟悉的问题，自然材料储备充分，同时也最易于表现自己的认识水平。另外，变抽象为具体。把抽象的话题转变为对某具体问题的议论，能够有效地避免作文空泛。 如：以“距离”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的作文。“距离”的话题是宽泛的，它包容许多层面的问题，可以从多角度切入，如以“调控好人与人之间的距离”为标题，就明确的缩小了论述的范围，有利于对“距离”的某方面做充分的论述，使作文内容集中，观点鲜明。2.论点式标题，标题有意出现话题中的关键词。以中心论点做标题不仅有益于提醒考生选材、论证不要偏离话题中心，而且能够对阅卷人起到内容提示作用，用标题明示自己的作文是扣题的。

三、文中首尾注意使用关键词点题，首尾呼应。

首段以开门见山式为佳，这种形式简洁明了，便于直接切入主题，三言五语就话题表明自己的观点态度，可以有效地避免因表述绕弯多造成表意不清甚至跑题的情况发生。末段显志，应对照首段观点，呼应首段，强化议论效果，显现文章的整体性。另外，无论是首尾段，还是首尾句，都应出现话题中的关键词，这样既有益于围绕话题展开，又能突出中心，使阅卷人对行文内容一目了然。做到以上几点，一般情况下，作文就能够紧扣话题，明确表达中心了。

There is an old man who lives next to my door. He lives alone, and

sometimes his children will come to visit him. When we asked him why he didnt

move to live with his children, he said he didnt want to interrupt them,

because of the different lifestyle. The man likes to sit in front of the shop,

where people communicate there every day. He is very talkative and likes to

offer help. Once he helped a woman to carry heavy food home. Besides, if people

asked him for information, he knew everything. People loved him and got used to

seeing him every day. I like to talk to this man, he is smart and can give me

some wise opinion. He is definitely a good people and we are willing to ask him

to have dinner with us.

一、表达方式：记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论?

二、表现手法：象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托（正衬、反衬）

三、修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语?

四、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果

五、记叙顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙?六、描写角度：正面描写、侧面描写?

七、描写人物的方法：语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌

八、描写景物的角度：视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉?

九、描写景物的方法：动静结合（以动写静）、概括与具体相结合、由远到近（或由近到远）?

十、描写（或抒情）方式：正面（又叫直接）、反面（又叫间接）

十一、叙述方式：概括叙述、细节描写

十二、说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

十三、说明方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用?

十四、小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局

十五、小说三要素：人物形象、故事情节、具体环境

十六、环境描写分为：自然环境、社会环境

十七、议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证

十八、论据分类为：事实论据、道理论据

十九、论证方法：举例（或事实）论证、道理论证（有时也叫引用论证）、对比（或正反对比）论证、比喻论证

二十、论证方式：立论、驳论（可反驳论点、论据、论证）

二十一、议论文的文章的结构：总分总、总分、分总；分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。

二十二、引号的作用：引用；强调；特定称谓；否定、讽刺、反语

二十三、破折号用法：提示、注释、总结、递进、话题转换、插说。

我有一个非常严厉的英语，老师我的英语老师姓郝，中等个，戴一副近视眼镜平时她一头如波浪线一样的美发，秀美且整洁，非常漂亮。

每天的英语课总有意象不道的知识，但是也有如水一样多的作业。我认为老师是为我们好，为了提高学习成绩，为了拿着一份满意的分数，为了打好英语的基础。老师您辛苦了，您劳累了。

老师您知道吗？记得初一上册，我是一个错单词很多小女孩，有一次您找我谈话，对我教育告诉我记单词的方法，通过和您与我的谈话启发了我，与现在相比我的错单词是越来越少，奥秘也一点一滴积累。老师我谢谢您！

其实每次您布置的作业避免很多。也会遭遇许多同学的默默言辞，但是我明白您是有您的道理的，您也为我们花了不少时光，您也为我们操出了几根银丝。

在我心中有一支永不熄灭的蜡烛，永远燃烧着生命之火，永远都充满着生机与活力，这支蜡烛是不是很像在我们身边的一位很值得我们敬佩的人呢？他在课上给我们讲做人的道理；在课后是我们的益友，如果同学遇到不明白的问题，她还会耐心地教导我们，没错，他就是我们的老师，“蜡烛时刻在提醒着我们，要处处为他人着想。”这也许是老师常说的吧！

一年了，老师曾为了我们掉过多少“珍珠”？而我们呢？却时常惹她生气，心中真是难过，也很后悔：我，一名中学生，没有全身心地努力。老师，我想对您说：“您为我们操劳，任劳任怨；您带我们进入知识的海洋，在那里遨游，使我们懂得书中的乐趣；您精心备课，与我们一起品味书中美妙的午餐；您如好朋友似的关切我们；是您，是您，还是您！您像一根红烛，为后辈奉献出所有的光和热！您的品质和精神，可以用两个字来形容那就是——燃烧！不停的燃烧！您像一只会说话的小鸟，来为我们讲课，是那么得丰富多彩，每一个章节都仿佛在我面前打开了一扇窗户，让我看到了一个斑斓的新世界……

老师谢谢您！

[我的英语老师初中叙事作文

When I see the girls dance in the movie, I will be very jealous of their elegant temperament. I wish I am one of them, especially when my mother speaks highly of these dancing girls. Actually, my mother once had tried to send me to learn ballet, but I was too small and couldn’t enjoy the class. I always skipped the class and then went to play with my friends. Later my mother found the truth and she had gave up asking me to learn ballet. Now I feel regretful, if I insist, I could be the girl that let my parents be proud of. The lucky thing is that I have find the things I am interested in and I will not give up.

当我看到电影里的女孩跳舞,我会很嫉妒他们的优雅气质。我希望我是其中一员,特别是当我的母亲很崇敬这些跳舞的女孩时。实际上,母亲曾经试图送我学习芭蕾,但是我太小了,不懂得享受这个课程。我总是旷课,然后去和我的朋友去玩。后来妈妈发现了真相,她放弃了让我学习芭蕾。现在我后悔了,如果我坚持,我可以成为让我的父母感到骄傲的女孩。幸运的是,我已经找到了我感兴趣的事情,不会放弃。

[芭蕾梦初中英语作文

学生写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。下面是小编整理的英语作文写作10大技巧，欢迎阅读。

1. 灵活改变句子开头

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去;如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

教案内容：写自己最熟悉、最动情的东西

【教学目标】

1.让学生学习根据表达思想感情的需要选择材料。

2.训练学生如何将纷繁复杂的材料写成一篇生动的记叙文。

【教学重点】让学生了解写作时要注意客观材料的选择，应选择自己最熟悉的人、事、物、景，主观感情的抒发应是自己的真情流露。

【教学难点】启发学生拓展思路选择材料，布局谋篇生动的记叙文的写作。

【教学方法】师生互动学习法。

【教学安排】

1.激趣导入。

2.写自己最熟悉的：教师先举例子，然后让学生模仿，列举自己最熟悉的事物。

3.写最动情的东西：让学生列举自己最动情的事。

4.教师引导、学生讨论并布局谋篇。

5、学生自主确定写作的标题 ，完成写作任务。

【课时安排】 1课时 本文由一起去留学编辑整理，转载自一起去留学www.oh100.com转载请保留出处。

【教学程序】

一.激趣导入，调动情感，活跃氛围。

同学们：从蒲中走到长江初中，在这接近一年的教学旅程中，我作为一名普通的支边教师，的感触就是长江初中的老师待人热情、友好，为人大度、豁达;长江初中的学生好学、守纪，具有超人的智慧和非凡的能力，但我也留下了一个永远无法弥补的遗憾，那就是我不能常住长江，欣赏校园内一道亮丽的风景，那就是长江初中一大群天仙般美丽的女教师。如果大家有一双发现美的眼睛，那么同学们可以毫不含糊的说：美就在我们同学的身边。那就是与同学们朝夕相伴的班主任——左艳霞老师。讲到这里，我有必要顺便的作一点解释，我今天上课的内容没有来得及与左老师商量，但我相信左老师可以理解，因为有一首歌曲的名字是“爱你没商量”，我盗用一下，改为“喜欢作文没商量”，请同学们大声的说一遍：

“喜欢作文没商量!”

今天的作文指导课，请左老师容许同学们把你作为模特成为大家写作的素材。同学们好不好?

生齐答：好!

随即板书课题：写自己熟悉的东西

二、习作指导

( 一)(重点的突破)

1.教师引导学生回忆课文，明确作文要写自己熟悉的东西。

我们学习了鲁迅先生的散文《从百草园到三味书屋》，文章真实地再现了鲁迅先生儿时的乐园--百草园，使我们获得了美好、愉悦的审美感受。鲁迅先生是怎样描绘这个儿时乐园的呢?

(学生回答后教师补充：那里有碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏，高大的皂荚树，紫红的桑葚，鸣蝉长吟，肥胖的黄蜂，轻捷的叫天子，油蛉、蟋蟀、蜈蚣、斑蝥、何首乌、木莲藤、覆盆子……)

教师问：如此细致的描写是建立在什么基础上的呢?

学生答：鲁迅先生熟悉那里的生活，百草园中的一草一木，都是那样亲切与熟悉，所以写起来充满了无尽的童趣。

面对我们大家再熟悉的班主任老师，大家的第一感觉或者说是第六感觉是什么?

学生回答：美丽。(教师随即板书：外表美丽)

那么请一位同学描述一下，左老师是怎样的美丽?

学生回答，老师补充：我最欣赏的是老师脸上灿烂的笑容和非凡的气质。请同学们看我的描述：

每逢高兴的时候，左老师的脸上露出的笑容就像她的名字一样有如骤雨初歇时的朝阳，艳丽无比，灿烂极了!她的气质是如此的摄人心魄，犹如天际边飘忽的一抹淡淡的云裳。

师述：左老师的美丽令许多女同胞嫉妒这是情理之中的事，可是她还让我们这些同科的男同事的嫉妒，同学们能够猜到其中的一二吗?那就是她任教的八(转载自百分网http://www.oh100.com，请保留此标记6)班的语文成绩第一名非她莫属，从来不谦虚的让我们尝试一下第一名的滋味。同学们说说这其中的缘由何在呢?

学生回答：工作负责，同学们喜欢她的语文课。

教师随即板书：内在美

师问：请一位同学起来讲述一件老师工作负责的事实。

生答：老师家住学校外，但她总是第一个出现在教室，婆家在汉川，从不请假耽搁我们的一节课，作业批改认真——

师述：上面大家列举了左老师的很多值得写作的优点，但我想来想去，还觉得不够舒服，同学们光说老师的好处，但我觉得不尽然吧，比如前几天我在办公室碰见一个同学站在墙角处，在悄悄的流泪呢?这位同学能够站起来叙述一下事情的经过吗?

生述，老师引导同学们分析材料的价值，随即板书：(严厉，耐心)

2.教师举例，让学生明确作文要写自己最动情的东西。

师述：有了上面的材料，那么同学们如何将这些材料生动的表达出来呢?老师想将自己的写作体验毫无保留的告诉同学们。

教师朗读作文，学生思考：文章为什么写的这么生动?

我曾经在20年前，写过这样一篇文章，题目是《开花的课桌》，文章是这样写的：

有一天，我看到学生的课桌上插了一枝迎春，枝条上是繁密的金色小花，如一串耀目的阳光。教室里被映上了一层淡淡的暖意。以后，打碗花、紫地盯映山红、葛花……学生的课桌上花事纷繁起来，演示着春天的进程。孩子们穿过乡间的羊肠小道来学校，路上只要一弯腰便能采一把花在手里。这些乡里孩子，有的还穿着露趾的鞋，穿着哥哥姐姐肥大的旧衣裤，他们无忧无虑地吹着麦笛，摇着手里的野花，沿着弯弯的小路跑着跳着，到了学校，便把花插在课桌上。有的孩子，还用细线把小花枝绑在铅笔上，看上去，他象是捏着花枝在写作业。花枝轻抚小脸，让人想不清，是花枝染红了小脸，还是小脸染红了花枝。

第一节是语文课，我迎着学生的歌声走进教室，看见我放教科书的讲桌上，也插了几朵野花，循着缝隙，"长"满了青草、绿叶、小花。那课桌仿佛是从春天剪下的方方正正的一块芳草地。我打开教科书，书页里也夹着一朵指甲般大小的紫色花。我笑了，学生们也喜形于色。我没有说什么，便开始讲课，其实不必说什么，那一笑，已使师生的心沟通了。这一节课上的格外好，学生始终情绪高昂。下课后，我拿着一枝淡紫色花朵的葛条，嗅了嗅，说："真是春天了，连咱们的课桌也都开花了!"学生大笑，欢呼起来。这时一个调皮的男孩指着一个女孩子说："老师，她也开花了!"我一看，可不，她的小辫梢上，插了一枝粉红的野花。学生们又是一阵击掌大笑。

在这开花的课桌间跺步，听着孩子们清朗的笑声，我觉得，这教室该是春天的源头了。春天是从孩子的身上产生，先染了他们的课桌，再染了我的讲桌，然后漫出窗子，染了山川、原野。和孩子们在一起，就是和春天在一起。我想起了一位诗人的诗句："孩子是春天的另一种姿势。"

身临授知求知的方舟(教室)，面对朝气蓬勃的孩子，目睹课桌、讲桌上的野花，激-情难抑，遂下笔成文。身为教师的我，在想象的天空中翱翔，汇自然世态、人情于一室，集采花、插花、爱花于一桌。于是文思喷涌，左右逢源，运笔随着激-情驱动的喜悦感挥洒自如，下笔有神。文章以"孩子是春天的另一种姿势"为纲来驾驭激-情和所感，使之在教室里、在课桌上、在讲桌上、在孩子们的心灵上，表现出另一种更浓更深更有意义的春天美景，使感受美升华为思想美。为什么我写的如此的好呢?(那是因为我写作的内容是我最动情的东西。)

教师点拨，学生回答后明确：写自己最动情的东西。

写作文的时候，我们一定要掌握好技巧以及方法，这样才能够使文章纲吉的有活力。下面是小编为大家搜集整理出来的有关于记叙文写作照应技巧，希望可以帮助到大家！

首尾式照应

首尾式照应，就是在文章开头出现的事物或语句，在文章结尾又再次出现，从而构成首尾呼应的关系，使全文形成一个首尾圆合、严密无懈的整体。首尾式照应的作用，主要表现在两个方面，一是在内容上，它可以强调某种思想感情，强化主题意义，加深读者印象，提高表达效果。二是在结构上，它可以增强文章的完整性和回环美。

首尾式照应在记叙文中的运用，常见的有两种情况。

一是运用倒叙方法的记叙文，必然是首尾照应，这种情况最多，也最典型。例如《记一辆纺车》，它运用了倒叙的方法，首尾照应很严密。请看首尾两段的有关内容：

首段：“我曾经使用过一辆纺车，离开延安那年，把它跟一些书籍一起留在蓝家坪了，后来常常想起它。想起它，就像想起旅伴，想起战友，心里充满着深切的怀念。”

尾段：“就因为这些，我常常想起那辆纺车。想起它就像想起旅伴和战友，心里充满着深切的怀念。围绕着这种怀念，也想起延安的种种生活。……”

这两段文字，在内容上、感情上、修辞上、时间上、地点上、表达方式上等方面，几乎都是相同的，前者放在开头，领起全篇，造成悬念，揭示主旨，激发读者阅读的兴趣。后者放在结尾，总结全文，强调中心，回扣文首。这样，既强调了作者与纺车的密切关系，又深化了纺车的不平凡意义，使文章形成了一个很严密的整体。

二是运用顺叙方法的记叙文，也有首尾照应的，但没有运用倒叙方法记叙文的照应那么周密，那么严整，运用的频率也不高，难度却较大，但如果运用得好，会产生别出心裁的效果，例如莫怀戚的《散步》，是一篇用顺叙方法写成的记叙文，其中就运用了这种照应的方法。

先看开头：“我们在田野散步：我，我的母亲，我的妻子和儿子。”

再看结尾：“这样，我们在阳光下，向着那菜花、桑树和鱼塘走去，到了一处，我蹲下来，背起了母亲，妻子也蹲下来，背起了儿子。……”

这两段文字的照应，主要体现在两个方面：一是情节的照应，即“散步”;二是人物的照应，即“我”母亲、妻子、儿子等祖孙三代四个人。而且，照应的顺序很有讲究，开头是“散步”总概，结尾是具体的“散步”;开头由“我”到“母亲”到“妻子”到“儿子”，结尾依然是这样的安排顺序。这样照应，既有序，又有物，既合理，又严密。

首尾式照应是使文章完整的最主要方法之一，运用时，有两点值得注意：一是照应的语句要有所变化，不能简单重复，否则显得呆板;二是开头和结尾的文字，要有明显的适应性，开头只能作开头，结尾只能做结尾，不能互换而用。

总结式照应

总结式照应，就是在文章有关段落的前面或后面，对上面或下面的内容进行总结或领起，这种总结总领式的语句或段落，至少出现两次，而且句式或段落的内容和形式基本相同，从而形成前后照应的关系，使文章浑然一体。

总结式照应既在内容上归束上文，领起下文，又在结构上勾连前后，具有明显的阶段性，有的从内容上，逐层引向深入，有的从感情上，依次推向高潮。它在内容上以总结总领为主，在结构上以照应为主。例如《白杨礼赞》这篇文章，全文共9个自然节，总结式照应主要体现在第4、第6两节。第4节：“那就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而实在是不平凡的一种树。”第6节：“这就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而决不是平凡的树。”这两段文字，前者总结是第3节内容，后者总结第5节内容，它们都是一名话，都是独立成段，二者不仅内容相同，都是说白杨树的不平凡，都是说白杨树的评赞，而且句式也都是相同的，都是二重转折复句，都是判断句加否定句，实际上，只有两个词之差，其余所用的文字也都是相同的。这样总结，就构成了明显的照应关系，使文章前后相联，彼此关照，避免了松散和拖沓，强调了白杨树的不平凡意义，总结很有深度和力度。

总结式照应的另一种形式，就是体现文章主题思想的语句在文中多次出现，如果出现在开头，则起领起作用，如果出现在中间或结尾，则起总结作用。这种照应阶段性不明显，但更自由灵活。《钓胜于鱼》这篇以记叙文为主的哲理散文，就采用了这种照应的方法。体现文章主题的语句是“我是为钓，不是为鱼”，这个句子在文中完整地出现有两次，一次是在第6节，二次是在第 18节，除此而外还有与之相近的句子，如第10节：“能够欣赏钓，而不计较鱼”;如第17节：“不是为鱼的钓者”等。这些语句，有的用于段落的开头，有的用于段落的结尾，概括领起，总结归纳，前照后应，十分和谐紧凑。

总结式照应有明显的阶段性，阶段的体现有两种形式，一是并列式，像《白杨礼赞》;二是递进式，如《钓胜于鱼》。运用时，要注意文章的发展顺序，是并列式还是递进式。如果是前者，总结的语句可以相同：如果是后者，总结的语句就要稍有变化，要符合递进的内容特点，还有，总结的语句宜简不宜详，以概括为主，表达上一般是议论或抒情。

伏笔式照应

伏笔式照应，就是在文章的前面为后面设下埋伏的内容。这种照应，有的体现在事物上，有的体现在线索上，有的体现在情节上，用得比较多的是后者。伏笔式照应讲究的是“伏”，“伏”的内容设计要服从全文的主要情节，不能旁逸。同时，后文要有对前文“伏”的内容的说明，使“伏”的内容有个圆满的交代，从而形式前伏后应的密切关系，使文章结构严谨。

伏笔式照应既有单一性的，又有多样性的，前者按一条线索设置伏笔，单线发展，这种照应，比较简单，读者容易掌握.后者多方面地设置伏笔，也多方面交代结局，这种照应有一定的难度 ，读者不易把握，但用得好，可以增加文章的结构美。例如，《挺进报》就运用了这种多样性的伏笔照应。

文章开头提到陈然：“决心学写仿宋字”，狱中党组织又指示陈然“心须坚持写仿宋字”，这两处都是伏笔，后来，特务们核对许晓轩的笔迹，得出“笔迹相同”的结论，这是对前面两处伏笔的交代，照应十分严密。如果前面没有那两处伏笔，这个结论就很难作出，如果硬写上这个结论，就显得突兀了，这是第一组伏笔式照应。

【导语】英语写作是中考中检测学生语言应用能力的最重要部分。提高中考写作水平，需要有效的训练。下面关于英语作文的写作方法，一起来阅读下文吧!

学生写作时，如果语句平平，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，那么，这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行，就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样，让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望，呆板、单调，没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度，同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章，突出这篇文章的彩头，使文章增添文采，给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句：

1. 画龙点睛，一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头，这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

celeberate the 55th national day chinese people will welcome the 55th national day two days later,october 1th.

in beijing,the tiananmen square is decorated by more than 300,000 pots of flowers,the chairman maos old icon is changed by a new one hanging on the tiananmen building.

in nanjing,sweet-scented osmanthus festival,misty rain culture festival in mochou lake,barbecue festival in gulin park will be held during the national day.

in chongqing,more than 2,000 of lights on bridge are renewed to welcome the national day.

during the national day period,raising the national falg ceremony,a concert of national music and an exhibition of patriotic films will be held in hangzhou,zhejing province.

happy national day!

下面是由语文迷网小编精心为大家整理的英语写作高分技巧，供大家阅读参考。

一、要善于模仿

一些同学的办法往往是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，真正的模仿重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。有一个句式说：“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在高考(课程)写作中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行：“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而，很多同学一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”。如果要表示“总是能够”的概念，很多同学提笔就会写can always，但理想的句子应该是用双重否定表示强烈的肯定，用never fail to。

二、要灵活变通

在批改过上万份同学们英语(课程)作文中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“What is it made of”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。

三、要细心观察

注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。比如在正式文体的写作中，很少用 “it isn’t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。

许多同学在写作文时，习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系，用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。

四、要心有全局

英文写作如果结构意识良好，应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了，适当地填入观点、素材，文章就自然而然立起来了。

通过对近些年英语作文出题的趋势来看，中考对英语写作的考察更偏重于交际情景设置和不同体裁的要求，但是由于客观和种种主观原因，很多同学的作文容易走入种种误区，这些误区主要体现在以下方面：

构思、准备不充分，匆忙下笔。任何一篇作文出题都是有它独特的道理的，所以提前审题和构思就显得必不可少了。文新学堂教学专家提醒，很多学生目 前存在一个情况，想到哪写到哪，这也造成了作文杂乱无章，毫无条理，同时容易出现写错单词和用错句型的情况。针对这种情况可以从以下几个方面予以解 决：

1、认真审题，审题的重点放在写作体裁、格式、字数方面，确保第一遍审题就能保证得到基本分。

2、确定文体和时态，因为不同的文体要求的写作格式也是 不同的

3、列提纲，打草稿，然后修改。这样可以保证错误降低至最少或者没有错误，同时也能保持卷面整洁。

中心重点不突出，切题不准确。英语写作不是语文散文(形散神不散)，写英语作文，尤其是在中考大压力下短时内写出高分作文一定要注意这一点。造 成这种情况的主要原因是动笔前并没有认真审题和思考，对出题者希望得到的预期尚未揣摩透彻，这也就造成了一些同学虽然语言功底非常不错，但是最终的结果还 是没有拿到一个自己预期的心理分数，最大的问题就出在切题不准确或者不够突出中心上了。

忽视文化差异。要时刻牢记一点，中英文表达方式有很大的差异，所以体现在作文表达上也常常会出现生硬的中国式作文表达，降低了作文质量。所以注重中英语言差异，并努力找到两者之间的表达方式上的共通点，并且有意识的运用就能避免类似的问题。

忽视细节，无谓失分。很多学生在写作文时常常感觉"下笔如有神"，但最终结果出来后大惑不解。这方面的问题主要体现在忽视标点、书写、段落安排、大小写的问题，所以只要更加注重细节，这些无谓失分就可以解决。

I have a dream. When I grow up, I want to be a scientist. I want to make a

robot by myself. It can help my mother to do the housework, help my father to

drive his car, and help me to walk my dog. I think my parents will like it very

much.

Three years ago, I was a cool and detached girl. I never helped others or cried, because I thought that was very boring.

One day an unusual girl rushed into my life. She looks like a boy and she is also very lovely. She is very cheerful. I always feel she is a "Red Sun". She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. She often helps me and plays with me. We became good friends at once. Since then, I have been sanguine.

Now, I am still a happy girl. I‘m often moved by the world. I think our life is so short, and it isn‘t easy for people to live in the world. I‘ve learned to help others and to cry. I‘ve also learned to be happy and grateful. I also understand that crying doesn‘t mean "coward", crying can mean "visualize a bright future!"Though she has lots of new friends and I have many too, she will be my best friend forever, because she has taught me a lot…

Thank you--my best friend!

[初中优秀英语作文谢谢你，我最好的朋友

I get up at seven oclock in the morning every day. After I brush my teeth

and wash face, I eat my breakfast. My mother makes the breakfast for me. I go to

school at 7:30 am, and come back from school at 6:00pm. Before I go to bed I

will do some homework. I usually go to sleep at 10:00pm. On the weekend, I will

go to play football with my friends, in the summer we like to go swimming. These

are my daily life.

Look , I have a nice room . Come and have a look . It’s small and nice .

There is a big bed , a small desk , a shelf and a closet . The bed is near the

desk . There is a shelf near the closet too . Many good books are in the shelf .

I like the books very much . Oh , yes , There is a big board on the wall . I

often write and draw pictures on the board .Oh , My bedroom is too beautiful . I

like it very much . Do you like my bedroom? Can you tell me about your beroom ,

please ?

下面是小编整理的初中生写作技巧：用典型事例打动人心，欢迎阅读。

作文时，你想过用什么来打动读者的心吗?也许你会说：用真挚的情感，华丽的语言，跌宕的情节，精巧的结构，深刻的主题……不过在这里，我要教你一招，还可以用典型的事例。有些同学的作文，总是显得平淡无奇，除了在情感、语言、情节、结构、主题把握外，还有一令人苦恼的因素——选材。要么是所选事例一般，要么事例的针对性不强，更有甚者，挖空心思，还是无话可说，这真是“巧妇难为无米之炊”那么如何才能突破选材这个难点，进而用典型事例打动人心?大家可以有以下几方面去尝试。

一、重观察、善寻找。生活之中，“处处留心皆学问”。只要做生活的有心人，你将会有许多重大的发现，你将会有许多可喜的收获，作为中学生，立足于学校，倾耳于家庭，放眼于社会，多听新闻，常看电视，留心于身边的生活，每天都有新鲜的事发生，每日都有许多精彩的节目上演。如校园的生活，家庭的风波，社会的大事等。正是这些事情和节目，激励着人们的喜怒哀乐，推动者我们的世界日新月异。苦心人，天不负，勤于观察，善于观察，生动感人，说服力强的事例何愁找不到呢?这样，我们便可以给自己的作文注入新鲜的血液，从而达到吸引读者的目的。

二、多浏览，巧借阅。中学生主要从事的是学习活动，人生阅历毕竟较为浅薄，这给学生作文时选择典型的材料带来了一定的困难，不要忘了，课外书籍里还有许多真实的、鲜活的、感人的事例。可以浏览适合中学生阅读的课外书籍，往往对写作文大有裨益。杜甫曾有“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”的诗句，道出了读书与写作的天机。在明确了主题的前提下，所选的事例又够充分时，不妨从课外书籍中巧借两三个相应的，有代表性的事例，缀连成文不也是一条成功的捷径吗?当然，这和胡编乱造、道听途说有本质区别。吴晗写作《谈骨气》一文时，为了表现“我们中国人事有骨气的”这一中心论点，就刻意选择了“文天祥拒绝降元，古代穷人不食嗟来之食，闻一多横眉冷对国民党的暗杀”这三个典型事例，很有说服力，有力的证明了这个中心论点。我们能够说，吴晗的成功与他的见多识广、引经据典没有关系吗?

三、筛材料、选典型。如果你平时收集了大量的素材，写作之前一定要围绕所表现的中心筛选一下，哪些材料是和中心相吻合的，然后将那些有代表性的，最能反映事物本质，最能打动人心，最能表现中心的材料，选定为典型材料。作家巍巍在创作《谁是最可爱的人》时，就从最初采访得来的一百多个事例中，选出二十多个事例来写，后来发现在着众多的事例中，有的味淡，有的雷同，有的中心不明确，便精简为五个事例，最终写成本文时，仅用了三个事例：松骨峰战斗，火海中救儿童，防空洞交谈这三个典型事例，从不同侧面反映出我志愿军战士的优秀品质，起到“以少胜多”、“以一当十”的作用。如此充分的表现力，自然使文章的中心更加突出，使读者的心灵更受感动。

总之，材料是表现中心的基础，更是成就文章的血肉。选材如何，直接影响着文章质量的高低，也关系着文章在读者心目中的分量。同学们，请热爱写作吧!认真观察、真切体验、善于积累、巧妙借阅、精心选择，就一定会找到典型事例的，再加以灵活运用，你的作文一定会打动人心、神采飞扬!

Over the last page calendar in 2010, time wheels and leave a deep imprint.

With winter snow after the warmth of the sun, in the joyful mood, 2011 to keep

the New Years day.

New Years day, is a connecting link between the preceding and the node.

The New Year is about to begin, standing on new starting point, the aftertaste

is past, have heavy harvest; Looking ahead, waiting for us is the beautiful

future. After a busy year of you I, can at this time to make a little stay,

close your eyes, bathed in sunshine, enjoy harvest thick feeling. From this day

started again, we will have a new targets, and on a one-year new journey.

The grass sprout out of the earth, clouds scud across, and year after year,

annual similar different. But, has not changed for New Years day is my

expectation.

When I was young, every New Year comes a few days ago, the morning wake up,

the first thing is bare bottom from woli leafing out of nowhere, then this

calendar day several times of snapping to finger countdown. Young Im such a

keen on New Years day this festival, in fact, only to have something good food,

new clothes to wear, but also need not go to school.

New Year dyed the our happy childhood, pulled close distance we grow up.

Slowly, I from elementary school, junior high school, arrive at the university,

blossom years as accelerated film a flash and pass. This years New Years day,

we are in a busy spent, work overtime everyday, we need to make very late. In

order to finish the task smoothly, we are often a pack of instant noodles, a

computer, four people take turns input. In order not to delay working, teacher

Chen just will just go to the kindergarten children locked in the home. The

nearest xiaoliu has also been no home, and together we live in the dormitory,

have a meal. Less childhood innocent romance, much work responsibility, also

enjoy our work of fun. During, no one has complained, increasingly mature we use

special ways of enjoying the unique New Years day holiday. As a word that said:

"even though we cannot stop the passage of time, but we can dominate oneself

mood."

New Year, new opportunities, we need a new struggle. Wind is being tidal

flat, hereunder sails; No matter what happens, the more must be quickened his

horse. In the New Year, let us follow temple head, with the development of steps

to the glorious future -- -nikita Khrushchev and walked on.

Every year, June 7th and 8th are the big days for high school students,

because they will take part in the college entrance exam, which is considered

the exam to change their lives. The media give full attention to these students

and many moving incidents have been reported every years. Such as the students

who went to the wrong classroom and in the last few minutes, the policeman

helped them reach the right destination. Parents are also the targets that catch

the medias attention. Many parents are waiting outside while their children are

doing the test. When the students meet trouble during their ways to the

classrooms, people will do what they can do to help them without asking for

return. It is so nice for these people who offer help in this great days. They

are the loveliest people in the world.