写作教案英语高中汇总20篇

导语：英语写作除了要求大家在词汇量和语法上有一定的积累外，也需要大家注意总结一些常用的写作技巧。下面是yjbs作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望能够对您有所帮助。

一、“功能段落”突破CET写作

诚然，六级写作是需要背模板的，但绝不是盲目地背。

整篇背诵模板不是最有效的方法，因为模板的写作思路是固定的，然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。因此，可能导致“所背非所考”，甚至导致文不对题，生搬硬套。

但是，无论六级写作话题如何变化，一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落，就做到了紧扣主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落：现象描述、危害分析(弊)、原因分析、建议措施、观点阐述(观点的本质为利弊：支持方观点等于分析“利”，反方观点等于分析“弊”)、意义阐述(利)。

如果能够掌握住六种功能段落的写作实际就掌握了六级考试写作考题的最本质特征。那样的话，无论题目如何变化，我们准备都是有的放矢的。反观，死背模板容易导致生搬硬套，甚至文不对题。

二、写作短期提分方略

在了解了六级考试在命题特点的基础上，考生在备考阶段最需要准备的是两个内容：思路和表达。思路解决怎么写的问题，表达解决写什么的问题。如果拿到一个作文题目，你知道应该按照什么思路去写，又知道应该写什么表达，这篇作文就已经成功了一半。

表达积累

表达分为四个层次：词句段篇。其中篇章层面只要按照提纲要求去组织文章即可，因此篇章方面不足为虑。段落方面按照“功能段落”的六种形式去识别，也小菜一碟。

背写：思路+表达

很多同学考前也在背，背的滚瓜烂熟，脱口而出，觉得自己水平很牛!上了考场也顺利将文章写了出来，却得了一个很低的分数，为什么?因为单词都拼错了。请牢记：口头背诵得再好不等于能够写对。背写是提高写作和翻译唯一也是最有效的方法。

那么，背写什么内容哪?答案是思路和表达。思路上文中已有论述，遣词和造句的表达方面应该紧密结合功能段落来背诵有效句式和用词。考生不必刻意追求适用难词，但可以将常见词汇稍作替换：如，

exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very;

an army of/a great many/a host of 替换a lot of;

advancement 替换 development;

positive, favorable, promising(有希望的)， perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good;

give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause;

harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that替换think;

beneficial, rewarding替换helpful;

bear in mind that替换remember;

enjoy, possess替换have;

shopper, client, consumer, purchaser替换customer……

表达精彩体现在三个方面：遣词、造句、连贯。

三、复习安排建议

总体原则：先背再写、阶段总结、适当模拟。

先背再写：基础较差同学一定要先背一些功能句式和教材相关范文，然后模仿该作文的思路和表达去写。背写的目的是积累语言表达实力，同时练习书写的公正和优美。建议书写较差的考生买本英语字帖练一下书写，也许你会有意外的惊喜。

阶段总结：每过一周就要问自己几个问题：所背诵的表达可以用来写什么类型的文章?该类文章的相关词汇或表达有什么?关键词如何避免重复?请记住：没有复习，没有巩固。

适当模拟：在熟练掌握背写了六种功能段落的思路和表达之后，可以结合适当题目在写作中运用所讲所背所总结提分词汇、句式。建议大家能够灵活运用，做到一例多用。

附注：

中心句放开端

文章中心句是整个文章的主题和写作围绕的中心，通常应该放在段落的开端，这样一方面能够让阅卷老师一眼看出文章表达的主旨意思，起到开门见山的作用;另一方面可以使文章条理层次更加清晰，逻辑性强，文章的整体结构合理。中心句在作文中可以起到承接上下文的作用，放在段尾也可以起到总结全文的作用。这一方法对于写作初学者来说还是有一定困难的，因此在六级考试中，为了减少不必要的错误和损失，大家尽量将中心句放到文章的开头以保万无一失。

关键词要具体

文章的中心句一般是通过关键词来表现和限制文章的主旨思想的，所以为了突出主题，关键词需要尽量写得具体些。这里对“具体”的要求主要体现在两个方面：一方面是要具体到能限制和区分文章段落层次的发展;另一方面是要具体到能说明段落发展的方法。精确仔细地突出关键词是清楚地表达文章主旨、写好段落中心句的重要前提之一，这对考生来说有一定难度。

设问扩充内容

中心句及关键词确定后，文章的大概框架已经清晰了，这时候就需要选择和主题有关的信息和素材来填充这个框架。实质上，针对关键词测试每一个所选择的素材就是一个分类的过程。有一种常用的行文方法就是句子展开前加以设问，然后解答，即设问-解答(why-because)的方法，利用问题引出自己需要的话题再加以解答表现自己的观点，同时紧紧围绕主题。

"I now declare the rules of the game: a man hides a few things, and a few others go and hide them," said the town. We drew a lot and finally decided to hide three coke bottle caps from our cousin. The cousin pushed us out of the room and hid things by herself... After a while, the cousin came out with a smile and said, "hide it, you cant find it!" We swarmed in, and I thought: the easiest place to hide is probably the most secluded place. So, I will seriously every corner to find it again, did not, in the look at the kid sister, drill under the bed, their tails on the outside, groping hands in it, no, she just want to stand up, "alas!" The little sister cried, and she cried, and she stood up under the bed and hit the bed.

So she stopped the game. Ah! One less opponent, but the cousin is also difficult to deal with, see her in the closet to each piece of clothing to turn over, wow! Not yet! But where exactly? I glanced around, and then I noticed a shiny object behind the curtain.

I pulled the curtain aside. Coke bottle caps! I was happy to jump three feet high, my cousin saw, a look of unconvinced. But shes picking up speed. Look for it here. I made haste, and under the bed and then watch out of the reach of little younger sister, and I found a coke bottle caps, my heart even more excited to get up, then I have found in a book under the last bottle. "Shout! It took me a lot of work! I sighed and said, my cousin, my cousin and my sister are all happy for me. The cousin said, "you are very observant!" I heard it, I was very happy.

专家指出老师们应该教学思路灵活，关注学生个体发展，注重学生语文能力的培养，注重从根本上改变学生对语文的认识：

分数固然非常重要，但同时应当也是能力的提高，靠一次、两次的押题或许一时能取得一个好成绩，但学习成绩的决定因素：学习习惯、思维习惯的培养及形成是需要一定的时间。一个老师辅导一个学生，老师根据学生的情况进行教学，或补差，或提优，进行个性化教学，实现真正意义上的因材施教。为此，老师教你用独特的方法学好初高中语文。

学生作文时最头疼的问题是无话可说。为了解决这一难题，专家告诉大家不妨用刘勰的话说“流连万象之际，沉吟视听之间”启发他们：要想写好作文，必须谈如何生活，体察入微。生活，是写作的“源头活水”。叶圣陶先生曾说过，“作文这件事离不开生活……必须寻到源头才有清的水喝”，可见观察是中学生认识生活的重要途径。因此，专家指出老师们应该帮助学生明确观察的重要性，结合课本中的名篇交给他们观察生活，表现生活的方法。“授之以鱼”，不如“授之以渔”。例如学了《我的老师》后，可以引导学生观察自己所尊敬的老师，让他们明白老师的高风亮节，除了表现在批改作业到深夜，或带病上课，累倒在讲台上等外，还有许多值得挖掘的素材。以前，同样的材料上代人用来赞颂老师，下一代“涛声依旧”。似乎老师永远是身穿中山装，口袋里插一支钢笔，不苟言笑;老的，少的，农村的，城市的，一个样。通过观察，让其明白不同时代，不同环境，不同科目的老师穿着打扮、兴趣爱好、精神面貌、教学方式等都有差异。当今教师不但追求内在美，还注重外在美;他们不仅仅追求脚踏实地，还注重巧干。课上，他们“激扬文字”“指点江山”，评估论今，妙语连珠;课外，他们驰骋球场，泼洒丹青，舞文弄墨，雅趣如流。罗丹曾说，世界上不是缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。实践证明，丰富的写作素材，都是靠仔细观察周围事物的来的。

要关注生活，博采众长。古人云：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟。”可见广泛阅读的重要性。老师应当有计划地引导学生进行课外阅读。例如，在教学中，鼓励学生每天写日记，可写身边的人或事，也可摘录一些名言警句、优美的段落，或介绍一部生动的有趣的影视剧作;规定每月读一本优秀期刊;每个假期读两本名著，如学了《美猴王》《鲁提辖拳打镇关西》后，建议学生读吴承恩的《西游记》和施耐庵的《水浒传》，让他们领略作者刻画人物的手法，反映社会生活的方法。

我们只有“行万里路”——广泛深入生活，只有“读完卷书”——博采众长，才能文思泉涌，“下笔如有神”。

1、开头部分

How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

2、结尾部分

With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

It was Mother’s Day. Sun Zheng thought he should do something for his mother.

He decided to help his mother do some housework. After school he went to a shop

to buy some food on his way home.

When he got home, he did his best to cook some nice food,though he couldn’t

do the cooking well. Thenhe cleaned the room. He felt very tired, but he was

very happy.

When his father and his mother came back and saw the clean rooms and dishes

which weren’t so nice, they were very happy.They had their supper together. His

mother said, "Thank you,my child!"

Last night, as I felt so bored, so I started to watch movie, my friend asked me to watch Mist, she told me it was very shocking, I was so looking forward to seeing it.

Mist is a horror movie, it told about a great mist covered the country, people struggled to live in the world with big monster, at the end, as there was no way to survive, so the protagonist killed his son to make him relieve, just after a few second, the rescue came.

The ending is so hopeless for the protagonist, if he holds on for a few second, everything will be changed. The story tells people never to give up hope, who knows what will happen the next second. If we give up hope, we can’t see the good things that will come around. Keeping the hope is very important, it will help us to overcome the difficulty.

昨晚，我感到很无聊，所以我开始看电影，我的朋友叫我去看《迷雾》，她说那部电影很震惊，我很期待看。《迷雾》是一部恐怖片，讲述了一场大雾笼罩国家，人们挣扎着在这个世界上和怪物存活，最后，由于是在无路可退，男主人公杀死了他的儿子，为了让他解脱，只是过了一会，救援队就来了。对于男主人公来说结局是多么的绝望啊，如果他坚持一会，事情就会不一样了。故事告诉人们永远都不要放弃希望，谁知道下一秒钟会发生什么事情呢。如果我们放弃希望，我们就看不到接下来的事情。怀抱希望是很重要的，它能让我们克服困难。

[高中英语作文：怀抱希望

导语：很多同学谈英语作文而色变，大家似乎都特别怕写作。其实要把英语作文写成高分不外乎就是多背，多看，多练，多积累，多仿。趁着还有时间，建议考生要抓紧复习提升，下面是高分作文写作的方法，17年的考生认真看看。

一、了解意图，抓住精髓

近年来的大作文非常玄妙，值得细品。首先，很可能大作文正在经历由时事向哲理过渡的重大变革，这在2001年、2002年、2004年、2007年、2009和2010年真题上表现得最为明显。其次，出题人将尽量用图画来表达意图，而不借助或少借助图中或图旁的文字，这样意义表达的会更深刻，对考生的思考力和判断力的要求也就更高。第三，图画的含义深刻，可以接受的解释也较多，但要想取得高分，必须紧扣图画，把握住其中的精髓，最深刻地表达其核心的意义。

二、扣紧主题

写大作文时切记要扣紧主题，切不可离题太远，导致最后回不来或时间不够写不完。另外，各部分之间的比例应适当，第一段不要太长。与主题相关的关键词语一定要用对，否则会影响分数。

三、看清要求

有的同学一看到写“网络”，就立即联想到这方面最火爆的话题“网络成瘾”，将主题确定为此。有的同学干脆将之转变为自己看到过的文章——“网络的利与弊”。这些都是不正确的做法。写大作文时，首先要减少语言的错误，提高语言的准确性。语言错误有许多种，有的是小错误，甚至可以忽略不计，而有些是大错误，是让老师看到后不得不扣分的错误。另一方面就是增加闪光点，除了结构清晰外，闪光点主要指好的词、词组或句型，一是使用恰当，二是要有变换。上述这两点都不容易，而结合起来就更难了。如果文章分为三段，那么起始段、结尾段和中间段落的开始部分是非常关键的。对于背诵的好词、词组和句型，一定要和具体的行文联系起来，融入到文章中去，不仅要用对，还要用好，避免给人突兀的感觉。

四、避免投机取巧

近年来，有些考生有投机的心理，结果却很惨烈。有的考生准备了万能模板，直接往上套，这样的效果并不好。正如有的较为激进的阅卷老师所说，这些考生是想通过不诚实的手段得到不属于他的东西，这样的人应该得到惩罚。实际上这些考生中有的水平还不错，如果坚持依靠自己，咬紧牙关奋力拼搏的话，结果会是不错的。

综上所述，对于作文这一部分来说，大家应该首先了解不同文章的特点和规律，而后用心地学习范文并进行模仿，然后练习全文写作并请老师批改再细细揣摩。相信通过这样的过程，大家的写作一定会有长足的进步。

小编导语：Happy Valentines Day!2月14情人节是一个全世界性的节日，这天情侣们会在一起共度美好时光，在这浪漫的节日里，温情的情人节祝福怎么能少呢?情人节英文祝福语大全：快为你的中外友人送上温馨的情人节祝福吧。

To the girl of my dreams and the mother of our child: you are the only Valentine for me. 献给我梦中的女孩及我们孩子的母亲：你是我惟一的爱人。

On this Valentines Day, just like every day, all I have is love for you. 如同每一个平常的日子，我在这个情人节里所拥有的东西，就是对你的爱。

I will be your Valentine until the end of time. 我将是你的情人，直到地老天荒。

To my one and only Valentine: I love you. 献给我唯一的爱人：我爱你。

I didn’t think that I could ever trust happiness. Then I met you.Happy Valenti ne’s Day, Dear. 我一直不相信有真正的“幸福”，直到不久以后，我邂逅了你。亲爱的，情人节快乐。

Be genuine and conceal noting.I write every wiod I wand to say on this small card.I wish my honey a happy Valentine’s day. 真诚，不必隐藏，把所有的话语，都写在那小小的贺卡上。祝我新爱的人，情人节快乐。

Sending you a kiss to say I’m glad that you are mine. Happy theday! 送你一个吻，悄悄的说我很高兴你是我的。情人节快乐!

I love you not because of who you are, but because of who I am when I am with you. 我爱你，不是因为你是一个怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。

To the world you may be one person, but to me you may be the world. 对于世界而言，你是一个人;但是对于我，你是我的整个世界。

It is graceful grief and sweet sadness to think of you, but in my heart, there is a kind of soft warmth that can’t be expressed with any choice of words. 想你，是一种美丽的忧伤的甜蜜的惆怅，心里面，却是一种用任何语言也无法表达的温馨。

Do you understand the feeling of missing someone? It is just like that you will spend a long hard time to turn the ice-cold water you have drunk into tears. 你知道思念一个人的滋味吗，就像喝了一大杯冰水，然后用很长很长的时间流成热泪。

Those days when we were together appear in my mind time after time, because they were so joyful, happy, blest, disappointing, sad and painful. I miss you ,and miss you so mach…… 常常想起曾和你在一起的那些日子。开心、快乐、幸福、失落、伤心、痛苦的所有日子。很想你，很想你……

Do you know there is someone thinking of you and caring you all the time ? Your smiling eyes are just like the sparkling stars hanging on the curtain of my heart. 你知道么，有个人时时想念着你，惦记你，你含笑的眼睛，象星光闪闪，缀在我的心幕上，夜夜亮晶晶。

Listening to my heart beating. Seeing how much I love you ,I dare to admit how much I love you .When thinking of you, I hope you can receive the passionat words I left for you! 心要让你听见，爱要让你看见，不怕承认对你有多眷恋;想你的时候，盼你能收到我的真情留言!

I miss you not because of my loneliness but I do feel lonely when I miss you. Only when I miss you deeply I feel so lonely. 不是因为寂寞才想你，是因为想你才寂寞。孤独的感觉之所以如此之重，只是因为太想你。

My balcony had a basin of the unnamed flower.

See it for the first time, I was a teenager. Now I have grown up, think of it, still have a kind of inarticulate feeling in my heart. This kind of say a feeling, is the result of early that morning I see the unnamed flowers are just beginning to fade. Actually I also didnt say, this unnamed flower has a special magic, it in my house a few years ago, four seasons flower, beautiful, such as Yang, never fade in half petal. That morning, I was watching a petal stubborn and without hesitation to fall down, and with cold ceramic tile to a big hug. At that moment, I suddenly felt something will happen, but for a while say do not go up. When I was at school, because cant be late, will no longer think about it. Walk on my way to school, still want to wait until after school, the petals piece of stubborn picked up, reserved for memorial. Because on this day, I just turned eighteen.

18 for each childs desire for freedom is a wonderful Numbers. It represents the after so many years of efforts, they have loose the cage, want the visual sky, can try it in the cage of forging iron wings how hard. It represents himself may and was named the "social" one step closer to friends. It represents the perhaps yourself can give up something to get something, money, power, beauty, perhaps will come in succession for 18 years old. It represents the worlds major changes will occur. It represents a more, once those years was as corrupt and rotten wood, do not see it.

The day when I get to school rollerblading, are close to being late. The campus gate in front of my eyes. Nearly three years, the BanJiu half a new door still stubborn alive, maybe it is not meet in this town all the children will give up. But all the things do not change in this world? Those new faces and we these old face, every day ever to this every night no matter the storm or summer sorching blatant is unknown, "Damon said emotional words? I dont know.

On the way to class, see some friends, saw several teachers. There seems to be waiting for us the several teachers that a few students go to and they say hello. My parents are both teachers, because of family background, I am the first to say "hello", and they pretended to be surprised and looked at me, and said, "the student didnt come, how you can quickly be late, running forward, quick!" I naturally smiled and quickly ran to the class. Class stood at the door of my teacher, is a woman. Her eyes are very like zhou libo, and her eyes, eyes also can call it small, especially plus she fat short short stature, is a very has the characteristics of the woman. She stood at the door almost every day especially stresses the students for being late, and I was just in the range of her prey. So that morning I was caught. Due to the high tension line from the late for class, one of the high tension line other cluster, such as smoking and alcohol hand in your homework left early to early love is not what of, the deepest impression is the two late and puppy love. Occasionally, that day I was sent off in the hallway, there are a few classroom teacher passed, also what all dont say, hurried away. I have to empty the brain will occasionally think of petals in the morning. Standing to the class in the second quarter, as usual, the teacher in charge over lectured, could hear clear voice of the next class, had to memorize her lines of I, I remember she said so, "said how much time, you how still late! You are bully! Since political the teacher in charge teacher not you look at you, you have become what shit kind? Do you have any qualification to become like this? Dont feel good humiliate is here to see me? Dont think I dont know what youre thinking, yesterday evening class when I heard you say I should not leave their anger to you, I am? I was for hello! So some test points and face to all the students in this class! I tell you, yesterday evening class you have seen it, dont think she is a girl I wouldnt call her, short of breath eyes so I call her, do you think I cant play you!?" They might have been in my chest conveniently to fall, two fists, and then it was over.

The morning of the third class hour lesson, I sat in the last row, only hear political the teacher said: "your task now is to learn, not to fall in love! I ask you, you fall in love is a living now? Is to be able to earn money for the family? Can be a good life when buying a car to buy a house?" "You dont understand what is love, lets study hard." I a surprised, the in the mind was thinking, why dont you adults do you understand? We dont know, Im afraid you dont know. Now that dont know, what you are talking about love get married? "Love this thing namely sin, but love and marriage, marriage is need to be legal, obviously, you are not legal." I was thinking, oh, the original love is so simple. Then those who gave their life in order to know what is love man is a fool, love them knowing you cant have them in sight, why have in common? "Good, digression it said so much, we come to the new lesson." Political teacher (turn, I breathe a sigh of relief, opened the book. After a few minutes, as he spoke in the thick of the tables and a turn, suddenly said: "say so, college entrance exam is a lot of books, this needs us to read books, how to understand? Is rote learning." I suddenly feel head bumped into a wall, so we have to raise head to look at him. "I usually ask you more back endorsement multiple do just dont listen to, to see why the wrong topic study it more wrong line not line?" "The university entrance exam questions usually asked you, you have to follow the steps the teacher teach you careful careful answer, what did the teacher teach you answering technique is important to remember, and just now I said the words to write beautiful, where what to write, write what, to learn how to win the favor of the judge a teacher understand?" The whole class nodded, I felt a shock, feel whole body uncomfortable. "The classmates, so you must carefully analyse the topic of the university entrance exam, you learn knowledge is useful, is to use is local, and the university entrance exam is that you give full play to the knowledge of the battlefield!" Some of my heart be agitated, thought can you dont always say that the college entrance examination of college entrance examination, some knowledge, we would like to listen to the teacher. Next I fiercely another think, according to the political the teacher said, if one day the university entrance exam is not so important, that the knowledge we learn if there is no place? Ten minutes behind, political the teacher will fall in love with the college entrance examination in the successful into his lecture, although the knowledge to be a little less, and sentence words cannot leave the university entrance exam, but we still benefit a lot from his word, of course, is only related to the college entrance examination. Finally, when the fourth session of the class when the bell rings, he slowly, a word said to us: "the classmates, although still attended to this class, class is over. By the way, dont think my words, if the university entrance exam is not so important, what you will do, the teachers wont tube. The teacher is for the sake of your future dont failed to live up to the teachers expectations." Words fall, the whole class burst into warm applause, wait until after the teacher left, suddenly dead silence in the room.

The fourth lesson is math class. Math class style and political lesson perfectly, but there is a characteristic, is depressing. Dont know what is now the students psychological quality is bad or math teacher for personal reasons. Grade math teacher is a director and vice President. When he exalts hands in the corridor after training a bad student, he took his frightening face, standing on the podium with a proud look in the eyes and the tone of pride subdue the students below. We do in the following, dont make any noise. Teacher speak, we listen, we listen to the teacher speak. I do not know when, the door of the class rang, and there stood a classmate, seems to be something for vice President, the math teacher first turned a deaf ear to him, then the impatient stared his one eye, the eye we all know that mean dont his mama bother me in class. Can the students did not seem to understand, is still persistent stood there, still occasionally knocked on the door, the math teacher finally unbearable, he drink a cry: "what do you want to do!" Run down the platform, the other hand school taken away, 1 of "pa" button on the desk, pick up a pen to write a few words. "Take it! It day by day for you to sign, some headaches brain hot just want to ask off for a day, it is no wonder that losers." After the students simply bowed goes. The teacher finally back to the podium to lecture. "You cant learn them, you be the last class in the school, however, do you hear?" Words fall, there was a knock on the door again. "And who ah!" We see with frowning teacher towards the door, oh, turned out to be a sports teacher.

Our position is in the playground now.

On the day of the emergence of the PE teacher gave us a big surprise, although it is first surprise after sorrow, but can go out already very good. When sports teacher said to the test, the whole class at the same time issued a harsh voice, and the math teacher said: "what ao, ao sigh what spirit, to I go to the playground! See you a sickly, quick go to!" So the class suddenly disappeared. And when I leave, see clearly the expression of the math teacher is very reluctant.

If a big team, we three people standing on the playground, not far from other classes. Sports teacher divided us into two teams, men and women can have a look at the boy only three people, and three boys points us to other classes. The whistle went, girls first run. Dozens of girls twittering messy and straight to the end. Whistle sounded again, seeks for boys to hang long red cloth. Final results down, each of us is not qualified! Teachers complain about us, we blame the teacher, we say that physical education is seldom at ordinary times, two classes a week to the Lord had closed now. Spare time we are going to study, rest day we also want to learn, the teacher leave homework so much, write not over will be fined. Get up at half past six in the morning at ten o clock in the evening after school, we are really had a teacher. The teacher gave us a white said: "they used to have P.E. classes when you exercise?" One student raised his hand and said: "you what all dont teach us how we exercise? Several football, basketball, volleyball, lack of exercise equipment, there is no way to take exercise. Physical education classes dont every time you let us free to dissolve, then again, what I had meant to be run in P.E. class, but that help the girls eyes is clearly says you see where the man is a waste of time, it is better to go to study, go for a walk, dont worry about him, this let us how to exercise?" The teacher paused and said, "I also want to take on a physical education, but school on this piece of not value, can I?" We all sighed. See the teachers face suddenly a variable said: "have enough rest, rest enough will give me the test, the test failed the college entrance examination who give bonus points are you going?" We cry ground, so we returned to the track. Results this time, we ran a lesson.

Every day for the past few years, I gradually adapt to these things from morning to night. At noon on the day we put in learning, rather than junior high school, the only advantage is that high school lunch break a little longer, junior high school lunch break, a lesson high school lunch an hour and a half. Time has passed for half an hour when I return home, cook dinner in half an hour, the remaining half an hour for sleeping. Even when I am going to bed, suddenly thought of that piece of withered petals, I subconsciously looked at there, I saw it was dark in half. I would like to pick it up, but suffer from pressed for time, sleep matters. So I will just go to sleep, wait to come back in the evening. Results woke up I found - I was ill.

Hurry the sweat of my parents in my house, I am weak weak ground to say: "take me to the hospital." Dad sat by my side said to me: "dont go to hospital do? Now foreign early intravenous drop." I carried the weak eyes, said: "is that foreigners in good health." Dad against me and said, "your body is not good?" "I..." An awkward, my face turned away from them. Mother said: "straighten, perhaps for a while and went back home to have a." She paused, and sigh said: "just afternoon class what to do." I turned to a way: "I like, do you still think the class this afternoon." Dad said: "if you know what, you dont test go on to college live what eat what to drink what to wear in the future?" "Oh! Well, I dont want to hear it. Let me sleep for a while." I said in a weak. Dad said: "have you the so talk to parents? We are here to hello!" Mom said hurriedly pull dad walked.

That day at that moment I suddenly feel the world quiet a lot. Dont know how long, I more uncomfortable, so just call them, said: "I dont stay up, take me to the hospital." Father embarrassed said: "according to this situation is certainly want to go to hospital, but the hospital where have people we know." I dont speak with your eyes open. Mother for a long time later said, "the child his dad, isnt your sisters classmate work in a hospital? I heard that seems a what director, go and her son." Dress "ah well, lets go. In fact, an injection is bad, is all hormones." I impatient, weak weak ground to say: "run!" So we three went to the hospital at last.

Went there and found the director, pay the list, and hanging water ward, one more students like young men.

My mother bought me to eat, come back to open on see, fruit juice, potato chips, bread, everything in it. I wont unscrew juice, one hand my mother hands, turned the, just drink one mouthful, my dad said: "dont drink, is full of preservatives, hurriedly threw it." My mother and I smell speech have to forget about it. So I picked up the chips again, "dont eat! This what junk food, eat the poison you!" Dad said with a straight face. My mother and I smell speech have to forget about it. Then I picked up the bread, after opening with a few leaves, I just wanted to send into the mouth, dad said: "dont eat, who know that vegetables are true or false." "Dont listen to him, to eat!" My mother impatient, white a glance at my dad said: "suspicious of all day." My dad a listen to is not happy, immediately retorted: "who said you suspicious? Reported online didnt see?" Mom seems to dont want to let him, and said: "online reports are true? Want to you to say so, we can still eat? At home, just bought rice you suspect false, just bought sunflower oil you say false, now you say these things is false, you have finished?" "You!" / dad, its in the hospital, mother dont face dad? Forget it, go home to deal with you again.

The infusion bag or bottle a total of three hours, three times, there are three kinds of medicine, spent a lot of money, time and cost a lot. After we finished it was slightly late. On the way home, mom and dad constantly complain about the medical expenses are too expensive. Dad complained the if the money can be saved can buy a better razor, mom complain if the money can be saved can buy a new dress, she recently saw a coat on taobao is medical costs money. I walk behind them. Night breeze cool, gradually darken the sky no stars, only the moon still there looking at me. The dark night sky seemed to let me see not clear who is walking in front, also cant see passers-by, more cant see myself. The world suddenly become so dark after the sun goes down. Somehow, I suddenly thought of in the darkness that withered petals half dark. I close my eyes and wanted to think everything happened today, suddenly understand what. What is it? Today is my birthday.

To light in the distance to my dream, they turned around said to me: "children, mom and dads skill, only when a teacher, when you grow up must take an examination of a good university in the future, this is the only way to go. You only take an examination of a good university, can have a good job, as long as there is a good job to make a lot of money, come on baby, I believe you can, can adapt to the program, to adapt to the society." In the dark I nodded slightly, and then I can feel their satisfied smile. When they turned to go, I use willing nodded his head.

The night seems to go for a long time, the moon is full of smile quietly hung in the sky look at also busy people at night. Her face was full of stains and ravines, that are left traces of time. But people look up to her, or same feeling like the original her white and flawless. However, people have seen the moon the same?

We finally came home, I take off my shoes and straight to the balcony, the fallen petal have completely turned into a black, quietly rotting away. A shock in my heart, indeed as expected and I think the same. Beside the petals, I do think if we can pick up a little earlier it would be great, but I think again, soon? I really want to have no time. Even if is really picked up, reality will change? Maybe, maybe not. Mother saw me sitting on the ground in the sitting room, hurriedly loudly told me: "dont sit on the ground! Trousers dirty!" I heard stood up, patted the dust of your pants, how to also can not take off, I think, mother have to wash the clothes again tomorrow. I sighed, and looked at the basin of the unnamed flower, and want to in my heart, maybe tomorrow there will be a petal wither, perhaps, is the time. Maybe, too, the end of my life from now on, start from now on.

I looked at the unnamed flower, in my heart silently made a wish.

Happy birthday to my 18 years old.

[生日快乐高中英语作文

导语：写作方法就是写作中进行表现时运用的方法，是作者为表情达意而采取的有效艺术手段。

学生写作时，如果语句平平，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，那么，这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行，就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样，让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望，呆板、单调，没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度，同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章，突出这篇文章的彩头，使文章增添文采，给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句：

1. 画龙点睛，一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头，这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

[关于英语作文的写作方法指导

日记是用来叙述一天中发生的有意义事件的文体。

第一，注意日记的格式：一般是左上角写当天的日期，右上角写当天的天气情况(cloudy/clear/windy/rainy/fine/snowy…)。日期通常采用两种写法：一种是按“月、日、年”顺序；另一种是按“日、月、年”的顺序。注意要在年份之前有一个逗号，而且月份通常可用缩写词（如：Jan.,Feb.,Mar.等）。如果需要写星期，可将其写在日期的前面或后面。如：Monday,May15th,2008或May15th,2008,Monday

第二，抓准日记的时态：日记记叙的时间通常是在当天的下午或晚上，因此所用的时态多为过去时态。但应灵活掌握，如果日记叙述天气、描写景色或为了描写生动，也可用现在时。

第三，日记一般按事情发生的先后顺序记述，所以常需借助一些表示先后顺序的词语，如atfirst,then,lateron,afterwards,finally,atlast等。一定要注意句与句、段与段之间的连接和过渡，适当使用一些过渡词语使其连接紧凑、过渡自然。

第四，确立日记的中心要点，尽量突出主题，可以通过对某个细节、某个侧面的描写来突出主题，千万不要写成一个流水帐。

In my opinion, the movie “ the pursuit of happyness “ is a meaningful film,

the hero of the movie is an active man. Though his life was very hard, his wife

left because of the situation of their family.His work was also unfortunate. He

never gave up and still work hard.Then he took care of his little son. He is

going after happiness all the time, so his life is running . Time is very

importmant to him, he must finish his task on time , or he wouldnt live a

steady life , he has to pay the rent and taxes and so on, but he insist on

taking every chance to make his life live better and he believe in himself.

Finally, he succeed , his part of life in the movie is moving and real.

I also like the song in the movie very much, it says “ the mountains have

high places and low places ……”

Everyone has a dream, if you work as hard as the hero of the movie , your

dream will come ture, so I will learn from the hero ---Chris Gardner.

And I believe my dream isn’t far away!

导语：When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜於雄辩。

Adversity leads to prosperity.

逆境迎向昌盛。

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend is a second self.

朋友是另一个我。

A friend is best found in adversity.

患难见真友。

All time is no time when it is past.

光阴一去不复返。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy.

只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻;尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。

A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.

远亲不如近邻。

An idle youth, a needy age.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Business before pleasure.

事业在先，享乐在後。

Diligence is near success.

勤奋近乎成功。

Diligence is the mother of good luck.

刻苦是成功之母。

Diligence is the mother of success.

勤奋是成功之母。

Education has for its object the formation of character.

教育的目的在於培养品德。

Every brave man is a man of his word.

勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。

Every man is the master of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

Faith will move mountains.

精诚所至，金石为开。

Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.

友谊是两人一条心。

Grasp all, lose all.

贪多必失。

He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.

没有知识，才是贫穷。

Health is above wealth.

健康胜於财富。

Health is better than wealth.

健康胜於财富。

He who does not advance falls backward.

不进则退。

Honesty is the best policy.

诚实是上策。

Hope is life and life is hope.

希望才有人生，人生要有希望。

Idle young, needy old.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

If you dont aim high you will never hit high.

不立大志，难攀高峰。

I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.

成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。

Improve your time and your time will improve you.

珍惜时间，时间才会珍惜你。

In doing we learn.

行而知。

Industry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.

勤勉是幸福的右手，节俭是幸福的左手。

In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.

在人生的搏斗中，只有日日前进不甘失败的人，才能获胜。

It is dogged does it.

天下无难事，只怕有心人。

Judge not according to the appearance.

不要以貌取人。

Labour is often the father of pleasure.

勤劳常为快乐之源。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

Like tree, like fruit.

有其因必有其果。

Manners make the man.

礼貌造就人。

Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.

抓住大好时机，切莫等闲错过。

Never too old to learn.

学到老，学不了。

No great loss without some small gain.

塞翁失马，安知非福。

No one can call back yesterday.

往日不复返。

No sooner said than done.

言而必行。

No sweet without some sweat.

不劳则无获。

Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Nothing is impossible to willing mind .

有志者事竟成。

Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.

天下无难事，只怕不努力。

Nothing is really beautiful but truth.

只有真理才是真美。

No time like the present.

只争朝夕。

One cannot put back the clock.

光阴一去不复返。

Overdone is worse than undone.

过犹不及。

Paddle your own canoe.

自立更生，自食其力。

Perseverance is vital to success.

不屈不挠是成功之本。

Second thoughts are best.

三思而行，再思可也。

Selt-trust is the essence of heroism.

自信是英雄的本色。

Self-trust is the first secret of success.

自信是成功的首要秘诀。

Success belongs to the persevering.

坚持到底必获胜利。坚持就是胜利。

Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.

成功来自於克服困难的斗争。

The first element of success is the determination to succeed.

成功的首要因素是要有成功的决心。

The more a man knows, the less he knows he knows.

懂得越多，就越知道自己懂得不多。

Union is strength.

团结就是力量。

Virtue is a jewel of great price.

美德是无价之宝。

Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.

浪费时间是一切花费中最奢侈豪华的费用。

When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.

没有希望就不会努力。

Without a friend the world is a wilderness.

没有朋友，世界就等於一片荒野。

You cannot judge a tree by its bark.

人不可貌相。

今天，工作和生活中处处需要写作，各行各业都要学习写作。美国社会预测学家约翰?奈斯比特指出：当代社会应该记住最重要的大事有五件，其中之一是“在这个文字密集社会里，我们比以往更需要具备基本的读写技巧。”(约赖?奈斯比特：《大趋势》第18页，梅艳译,中国社会科学出版社1984年第1版)不仅信息传递、思想交流需要写作，而且学习也需要写作。因为写作的过程，同时也是巩固和深入学习的过程。

写作可分为两大类：一是文学创作，又称艺术协作，是指语言艺术中的诗歌、散文、小说、剧本等文学作品的创作;二是实用写作，又称应用文写作，指党政机关、社会团体、各行各业、企事业单位和人民群众在处理公务和日常生活、交往中产生的社会性认识和书写实践活动。

一、应用文产生发展

应用文有它产生、发展的过程。应用文在我国已有3000多年的历史，我国最早的文字甲骨文，就其内容和形式来看，是原始应用文的雏形。随着社会经济的发展和国家的产生，除了民间的应用文日益丰富外，国家机关等适应公务需要的应用文发展更快。例如，周代的《尚书》文告，秦代的制诏谕奏，汉代的表疏律令，魏晋的简牍署书，唐宋的图籍表册，明清的史册文翰都是应用文。此外，书信、书契、碑碣志铭、法律条例等也是应用文。在我国应用文发展的历史上，在长期的写作实践中，曾经产生了不少优秀作品，如李斯的《谏逐客书》、司马迁的《报任少卿书》、贾谊的《论积贮疏》、诸葛亮的《出师表》、魏征的《谏太宗十思疏》、王安石的《答司马谏议书》等，都是千古名篇。对于应用文的研究，我们也有传统，刘勰的《文心雕龙》文体论部分20篇。其中12篇谈到应用文。1911年辛亥革命后，南京临时政府颁布了一个公文程式条例，专门规定了公文名称和使用范围，废除了几千年封建王朝使用的制、诏、诰、刺、题、奏、表、笺等名目，表现了革命党人反对封建专制的思想，也是公文制度上的一次重大改革。1928年国民党中央政府对公文程式又作了一些新规定，其中比较重要的一点是规定公文的写作要用白话文，使用新式标点符号。中国共产党成立后，从建立自己的机关开始，就相应地有了自己的公文。1942年，陕甘宁边区政府颁布了《陕甘宁边区新公文程式》，为以后文书工作的健全和发展奠定了基础。中华人民共和国成立后，中国共产党和中央人民政府对公文工作十分重视，进行了一系列改革和健全工作，1951年中央人民政府政务院颁布了《公文处理暂行办法》，1995年中共中央批准了《中国共产党中央和省(市)级机关文书处理工作和档案工作暂行条例》，1957年国务院印发了《关于公文名称和体式问题的几点意见(稿)》，1981年国务院办公厅发布了《国家行政机关公文处理暂行办法》，1987年国务院办公厅又发布了《国家行政机关公文处理办法》，1993年11月21日国务院办公厅对这个办法作了修订，重新发布，自1994年1月1日起施行。这些对于提高机关公文质量和公文管理水平起了重要作用。随着我国经济的发展和对外交往的日益频繁，应用文的种类也越来越多，新的文种不断涌现。

二、应用文写作的作用

1、公关交际的作用

在当前的社会活动中，任何人、任何单位都免不了与外界接触、打交道。比如开业，要向工商管理局申请执照;双方合作，需要签订协议合同;销售产品，要策划广告，发函等等，都需要用应用文联系，以此来促进业务的开展，协调各方的联系。应用文表达清晰、准确，无疑会给企业树立良好的形象，促进企业的发展。

2、宣传教育作用

党和政府通过应用文下达各种文件、法规、制度，向全国宣传党和国家的方针政策，各地区、各部门、各企业也通过应用文推广先进经验，表扬先进人物，批评揭露不良现象，丑陋行为，制裁不法分子，以此来提高人们的思想政治觉悟，规范人们的行为，保障社会的安定，推动各项事业的健康发展。

3、沟通联系的作用

应用文是加强上下级联系的纽带，也是与各有关方面联系的有效工具。比如上下级之间的上情下达，下情上报;各单位之间的信息交流、经验交流，以此取人之长，补己之短，互相促进，共同提高，推动社会主义现代化的建设等。

4、凭证资料作用

在社会生活中，应用文也是开展工作，解决、处理问题的依据和凭证。向上级下达的文件、党和政府颁布的法规、有关方面的规章制度，都可作为开展工作和检查工作的依据;而一些条据、合同文本、公证材料等，也是业务中的凭证，一旦出现问题、纠纷，依靠这些凭证，可通过法律追究对方责任，维护自身利益。另外，一些重要的应用文也是历史档案资料，要了解某一时期的政治、经济情况，或某一方面的生产经营情况，只要查阅当时存档的应用文，就可以知道。有些冤假错案在事后也能凭借这些档案的应用文得以澄清事实，还其本来面目。

三、应用文写作的特点

应用文作为一种文体与其他文学作品的写法相比较，除具有一定的共性外，还有其独特的个性。一般来说，从小学到中学，学生写的大都是记叙文、议论文等文体，讲究语言的生动形象、情节起伏，采用多种描写手法，进行多样的抒情等。但这些作文的写法，不能套用到应用文的写作中去。一个学生平时作文写得很好，应用文不一定能写好，这就需要了解掌握应用文写作的特点，才能写好应用文。应用文写作的特点主要有以下几种：

1、实用性

应用文最大的特点在于“实用”，“实用”是应用文与其他文学作品的主要区别之一。一般文学作平的创作是“有感而发”，诗歌、散文、小说等文学作品主要是表达人们的喜怒哀乐、抒发理想、反映现实。而应用文的写作主要是为了解决实际问题，是“有事而发”，无事不发。比如要和远方的朋友联系，就要写信;要借款，就得立字据;向上级汇报工作、反映情况，要写报告;推销产品，要写广告等，都是为了解决实际问题而写的，所以应用文往往被人称为实用文，是“为实用而作之文”.

2、针对性

应用文的写作都有明确、直接的对象。比如信写给谁?字据里给谁?报告打给谁?都有对象，即使是一些广告、启事也是针对有关消费者、知情者的，只不过对象的范围大一些。而文学作平的阅读对象往往是不明确，没有严格的针对性，像一首诗、一篇小说、一部电影剧本，谁多可以看，谁多可以不看，老少不分，雅俗共赏。

3、时效性

由于应用文是为了解决实际问题而写的，所以它的时间性很强。一旦出现问题，就必须及时反映，否则拖延时间就会给生活、工作、生产带来影响。尤其是当今社会，市场竞争激烈，信息传递慢，企业随时有被淘汰的危险。而信息反映及时，就会给企业带来效益。相对而言，文学作品的写作时间性不强，像《红楼梦》写了十年之久，欧阳修的《醉翁亭记》写好后又搁置了很长时间才发表。

4、真实性

应用文写作必须讲究真实、各观，实事求是地反映问题，反映情况，不允许向文学创作那样，可以虚构，进行艺术再加工，“杂取种种、合成一个”，追求艺术的阵;也不能发挥主观想象、夸大其辞，否则就会歪曲事实真相，蒙骗对方，误导消费者，给社会带来不良影响。

5、程式性

指应用文的写作有其特定、惯用的格式，这些格式，有的是长期以来约定俗成、相沿成习的，有的是由国家、有关部门统一制定的。如书信有书信的格式，公文有公文的格式，经济合同有经济合同的格式等，每一种应用文包括哪些内容，那些在前，那些在后，分几部分，都应严格遵守，不得随意标新立异，也不能像有些文学创作那样，随意编排，自由联想，打破时空观，讲究情节情节的曲折变化等。应用文的格式也不是一成不变的，随着社会的发展，人们生活习惯的变化，观念的变化，应用文写作格式也会变化，使它更加方便人们表情达意的需要，更加顺应社会发展的需要

6、平实性

由于应用文注重实用，所以它的语言也讲究务实，就是语言要简洁、朴实、明白、准确、规范，便于理解执行。不能像文学创作那样讲究生动、形象、含蓄、朦胧，或以取悦打动读者。平实是应用文写作的基本风格。

四、应用文写作的基础知识

(一)材料

材料是构成文章的要素之一，是大家在日常生活中按收集到的，以准备写作用的有意义、有价值的资料。材料是形成主题的基础，又是表现主题的支柱。一篇文章的内容如何，首先取决于作者掌握材料的多少和好坏。常言道：“巧妇难为无米之炊”，就说明了这个道理。所以，写作前必须大量地积累材料。

1、积累材料

(1)认真观察生活

生活中存在着大量材料，能否被你所用，关键在于你能否自觉地认真地进行观察，将材料日积月累起来。观察和做一切事情一样，必须注意方法。总的说来，观察要确立观察点，要有顺序，要抓住事物特征。要具备分析、综合能力。此外，观察要善于思考才能发现问题，提出问题，抓住事物的主要特征，从而对事物进行科学的判断。

(2)深入调查采访

为了反映社会建设中新事物、新经验、新问题，就必须有目的、有计划地进行调查采访，广泛收集材料。这也是写作前的重要准备工作。常用的调查方法有：有条件的话开调查会，个别采访，实地考察，问卷考察，参加有关会议，阅读有关文件等。

(3)围绕业务进行收集

围绕本单位和本人的业务工作，有意识的收集资料，可以为我们写作提供丰富的材料。一般说来，必须收集的材料有：党和国家各个时期的经济方针、政策和财经纪律、制度;本单位的基本情况，有关业务资料，像会计核算、统计与计划指标以及完成情况所提供的有关数字资料、经济活动分析缝隙材料等;有关同类单位的对比资料;其他有关情况。

(4)建立材料仓库

为了把占有的材料很好地贮存起来，避免遗忘，每个写作者都必须建立起自己的材料仓库。主要方法有：坚持写笔记，这笔记可根据材料的特点采用不同的形式，如事态速写，把生活中突然发生的有意义的事情粗线条地记下来;一事一议，针对所见所闻的某一事情，写自己的感想认识;读书摘要，摘抄书报、文件中各种事例或文笔精华;提要缩写，根据文章内容的主次，采用概括和综合的方法记下主题、要点;编列索引，把每一份原始材料的题目，按一定的类别，按一定顺序记下来;做资料卡，一张卡片记一件事、一个例子、一个人或一个问题，写上编号，注明出处。

2、选择材料

选择材料从根本上说就是根据表现主题的需要来决定对材料的取舍。所以选择材料的总原则是，什么样的主题就选用什么样的材料。

那么，选择材料有什么具体要求呢?

一要“真”。选择那些真实的，足以令人信服的材料。因为，伪饰虚假的材料最终将导致读者对文章甚至作者的厌恶，真实的材料合情合理合乎逻辑，文章使用这样的材料才会有力量。

二要“精”。选择那些质地精美，能以一当十的材料。因为，只有这些能深刻地揭示事物本质具有广泛代表性的材料，能以少胜多，以小显大，文章使用这样的材料，就很精当。

三要“新”。选择那些有新鲜感，具有吸引力的材料。因为，这种清新的材料，具有时代的气息，能引起读者的兴趣——抓住读者的心。

3、使用材料

选择材料之后，还有个如何使用的问题，使用得好，就可以有力地表现主题，使用不好，也会相应地削弱主题。材料的使用要掌握一个原则，即集中、强烈。材料的使用重在一个“活”字，材料吃得透，运用就灵活，笔下功夫深，材料就活脱。

如何具体使用材料?

一调动，指的是材料先后顺序的确定，使材料之间依次排列，形成一定的逻辑关系。二平衡，指材料的详略、轻重的处理，一般行文的详略是从全文着眼，求得内容整体与各个局部之间文字量上的统一和协调。三匀称，材料文字量的相对齐整，在文章形式上能给读者一种对称、均匀的美感。

(二)主 题

主题是文章的灵魂，写文章都是为了表达一定的主题。

不论是谁，他只要动笔写作，总会有个“意图”、“宗旨”、“目的”的。或者是为了宣传某一种思想，或是为了表彰某一个人物，或是为了介绍某一桩事情，或是为了传播某一项经验……总之，他要说明点什么意思，表达点什么想法，反映点什么意见，灌输点什么主张。而这“意思”、“想法”、“意见”、“主张”等等，就表示着作者对生活的理解，对事物的认识。表示着作者赞成什么，反对什么的鲜明倾向。这些，就是文章的“主题”了。

因此，主题就是作者在说明问题，发表主张或反映生活现象时，通过全部文章内容所表达来的基本的意见或中心思想。

1、主题的提炼

提炼文章的主题，要求做到正确、鲜明、深刻、新颖。所说的正确，就是内容要反映客观实际，符合党和国家的路线、方针、政策。所谓鲜明，就是赞扬什么，反对什么，旗帜鲜明。

2、主题的表现

正确、鲜明、深刻、新颖的主题，如果表现得好，可以增色;如果表现不力，也是要逊色的。

如果说提炼主题不易的话，那么表现好主题就更难。它需要我们掌握适宜的表现手法。

应用性文章是为办理事情、解决问题而写的，贵在务实，利于行动。作者必须针对工作或生活中的实际问题，在文章中表明自己对某件事的态度或解决某个问题的意见等，因此，应用文的观点是由作者直接表达出来显露在文章中，就这一点，应用文与论说文有相似之处。

(三)结 构

结构即文章的内部构造，是如何运用材料以表现主题的组织安排。它是作者的思路在文章中的反映，实质是一个如何认识和反映客观事物的问题。如果把主题比作文章的灵魂，材料比作文章的血肉，那么结构就是文章的骨架。

文章的结构，包括两个方面：表现为思维形式的叫做逻辑结构，表现为语言形式的叫篇章结构。写作者一般先形成逻辑结构，再形成篇章结构;阅读者一般先了解篇章结构，然后理清逻辑结构。多写多看文章以后，两者也可同时形成或理解。

常见的结构形式：

第一，按照事物产生、发展、变化的过程或时间先后顺序去写，即纵式结构。这种写法，能形象地再现事物的原貌，可读性较强。第二，根据内容的特点和矛盾的不同性质，也就是按事物的逻辑关系进行分类归纳，把主体分成几个部分(或几个方面)，然后把材料横着排列起来，逐个进行阐述，最后从总的方面集中说明一个中心思想，即横式结构，这种写法，便于抓住要害，突出主要矛盾，文章的观点鲜明，为应用文所广泛使用。

(四)语 言

语言是人类用来表达意思、交流思想的工具。

在文章的写作中，一方面，语言是文章思想内容的具体表现，构成文章最基本的材料就是语言，没有语言就没有任何文章;另一方面，文章以语言作为表情达意的工具，没有好的语言，任何好思想、好材料、好结构都无法表现，要把语言运用好，必须做到准确无误，意明笔畅，简洁精练，朴素通俗。

(五)表 达

写作的表达方式是多种多样的，主要有叙述、描写、抒情、说明、议论。这五种表达方式各具特点。它们在写作中，有的单独使用，有的交互使用，更多的是交互混合使用。

应用文写作中常用的表达方式，主要是叙述、说明、议论。

1、叙述

应用文的叙述，要求写作者有一个立足点和观察点。要么从自我出发，要么就是从与叙述对象的平行地位出发，所以叙述时要确定人称。

应用文的叙述，也与一般文章相同，分为顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙。

2、说明

说明是对事物、事理和人物所作的具体或概括的介绍或解说。

常用的说明方式有：定义、诠释说明，用概括、精确的语言表述事物的本质属性，使它与别的事物相区别，这就叫下定义又称立界说。下定义比较困难，有时就只说明对象的某些特点，这叫诠释释或解释，使用较自由灵活。

概貌说明，是对说明对象从外观上进行概括的介绍。这种说明注重事物的完整性，给人一个总体的印象。

程序说明，是对说明的对象从制作过程或工艺流程乃至施工进度的解说。这种说明要注意程序之间的衔接和贯通。

局部说明，是对完整事物的划段解说，这种说明需要划段准确，各阶段解说的事理要具有一致性。

举例说明，是一种通过举例的方法解说事物的写法。这种说明应注意所举实例与解说对象的相似点。

比较说明，是把两种(或多种)事物、同一事物的不同阶段进行比较，借以说明对象的性质、特点和变化。这种说明要注意两者的可比性。

数据与图表说明，这是利用有关数据或图片表格，向人们说明的一种直观说明方式，这种说明要注意数据的准确，图表的鲜明。

说明的文字，必须言简意赅，只要能把事物形状、性质、特征、关系、功用等解说清楚，或把人物的经历、特点、成就等表达明白，就是好的说明。

3、议论

议论就是作者通过事实材料及逻辑推理阐明道理，表明自己的见解、主张以及驳斥别人观点的一种表达方式。

议论有三个要素：论点、论据、论证。所谓论点，是作者对所论问题提出的看法、主张。它可分为中心论点和分论点。中心论点可在文章开头提出，也可在篇末归纳提出，常以一个判断性语句出现在文章中的明显位置上。分论点是从中心论点分化出来的，它为中心论点服务，常是文章每一部分开始提出的小论点。所谓论据是证明论点的理论和事实依据。所谓论证，是用论据证明论点的过程，一般包括论点提出的原因及对论点的基本解说，证明论点的正确(或错误).归纳论证的结果等几个部分。

议论分为两大类，立论和驳论。立论，是正面阐述自己的观点，驳论是反驳他人的论点。在一篇文章中，有的是典型的立论或驳论，有的则交叉使用，破立结合。

论证的方法很多，常用的有：

归纳法。它以事实为论据，从许多“个别”事例中归纳出一个“一般”性的结论。

演绎法。它以推理的方式，从“一般”性结论，演绎出一个“个别”的论断。

举例法。它以事实为论据，用典型事例证明论点是正确的。

引典法。它以名人、经典著作中的言论或公理、常理为论据，证明论点的正确。

比较法。它把不同情况或事物摆出来加以比较，在比较中明辨是非，阐明事理。

类比法。它通过讲故事、举实例，用比喻来证明两个相比事物之间具有某种共同的特点。

驳论法。一是直接反驳，即用确凿的事实或常理，直接批驳错误论点。一种是间接反驳，这种反驳法又可分为归谬法、反证法。归谬法又称为“引申法”，就是对错误观点做“顺水推舟”式的发挥，以充分显示其荒谬;反证法是首先用充分的论据证明与此相对立的观点的正确，借以证明敌对论点是无法成立的。

五、应用文写作的具体要求

1.材料绝对真实

文学作品的题材，可以“上下几千年，纵横数万里”，而应用文写作的取材十分严谨，主要是现实的，与本部门有关的材料。文学作品的题材也要求真实，但那是艺术真实，允许虚构，是社会生活中可能有的，应该有的，但不一定实有其人，实有其事。而应用文，材料必须绝对真实，不允许有一点儿虚构，如时间、顺序、地点以至细技末节方面都不能有所谓“合理想象”，只有保证材料的绝对真实，才有说服力，才有利于问题的解决。

2.主题专一显露

一般地说，应用文要求一文一事，就是较长的文件，也要求只有一个中心思想。这样，可以使重点突出，防止行文关系混乱，提高工作效率，利于问题的解决。写作时，要扣紧主题，围绕中心，不枝不蔓，一气贯通，防止多中心，防止下笔千言，离题万里。应用文还要求开门见山，旗帜鲜明地亮出自己的观点，表明自已的态度。

3.结构完整眉目清楚

结构要完整，简单明了，层次清楚。动笔前先构思，把那些零散材料分析、归纳，根据内容与需要，把它们组织成为一个有机整体。此外要注意划分段落，做到各段既有单一性，又有完整性，即每段只能有一个中心思想、，不能把一些互不相干的意思放在一个段落里，同时，一个意思要在一个段落里说完全，说透彻，不要把一个完整的意思拆散。做到既有“断”，又有“联”，分之为一段，合则为全篇。

4.文字准确简明扼要

正确的思想，要通过准确的语言文字来表达。各种文体对语言文字的要求不尽相同。应用文由于它的特殊作用，在文字表达方面，要求有节制，有分寸，做到准确、鲜明。同时要求不写错字、别字，正确使用标点符号。文面也要求清楚美观，不乱涂乱改，潦草马虎。应用文的务实功能决定了它的篇幅一般较短，要写得简明扼要。用最少的文字，准确、严密地表现最丰富的内容。

5.政策明确风格庄重

应用文是工作中的公务文书，它的政策性很强。因此，在写作前，要认真学习有关方针、政策，领会政策精神，掌握政策界限。在写作中，要处处注意以政策为准绳，根据政策分析问题、解决问题。不同的文体有不同的语体风格。有的含蓄，有的婉转，有的艳丽，有的雄奇，有的幽默风趣，有的自然深沉等等。应用文由于它内容与功能的特点，决定了它庄重，典雅，朴实，自然的风格。崇尚文学笔法的人，以乎实为平庸，鄙薄应用文，以为“不过就是几种格式”，那是片面和肤浅的见识。

☆定语和状语（时间、地点等）都属于附加成分，在基本句型中一般都不列出。

☆时态包含于句子中，任何句子都有时态。

1主语＋谓语(不及物动词)：S+V

It will rain tomorrow.

He often runs in the morning.

They cried.

Tom exercises every day.

2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语：S+V+O

I miss my mother very much.

She wants to go home now.

The English club is going to hold an English party.

They all love her.

3主语＋系动词＋表语：S+V+P

The music sounds wonderful.

The leaves have turned red.

She is a student.

We keep silent about that.

4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语（人）＋直接宾语（物）：S+V+IO+DO

The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.

They told me an interesting story.

The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.

My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.

Miss Smith teaches us English.

5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语：                                      S+V+O+C

They call me Xiao Wang.

I saw him swimming in the river.

We elected him monitor of the class.

俗话说：爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。千门万户瞳瞳日，总把新桃换旧符。

一年只有一次，最热闹的也就是那个晚上，我盼望着那个晚上的到来，迎之后那个迷人的夜晚。

直到那个晚上的到来，给我带来了许多的快乐和乐趣。为了今年的“年夜大餐”，母亲和奶奶在除夕的前两天就开始“动工”了。因为母亲眼中的年夜饭是团圆饭，预示着新一年的开始，一切都要十全十美，不能有半点马虎。每到这时候，我便会言语谨慎，生怕不经意间说出什么不中听的或是不吉利的话，招来母亲的责骂。对我家而言，这一年一度的年夜饭已经不只是一顿简单的晚餐，更是全家都要参与的仪式。所以在物质生活极大丰富的这天，我们仍然保留了在家中吃年夜饭的习惯。

我家的年夜饭讲究分工合作，各司其责。母亲是总设计师，负责人员调度。父亲帮母亲打小工，负责买配菜，买调料，拿油盐酱醋、锅碗瓢盆；奶奶是总设计师的得力助手；爷爷则是烹饪几个他的拿手菜；我嘛，就负责“偷吃”，在有菜做好了后，我总以尝尝菜的咸淡，来偷吃做好的菜。

晚上七点整，我们的午夜大餐正式开始，一盘盘色香味俱全、香喷喷的饭菜端上桌来，我看得眼花缭乱。开饭喽！我狼吞虎咽的把这美味佳肴往嘴里塞。妈妈把果汁和红酒拿出来，倒在高脚杯里。我端起酒杯祝愿爸爸和妈妈———身体健康，笑口常开，工作顺利；祝愿爷爷奶奶——福如东海，寿比南山。

我家不仅仅年夜大餐丰盛，家庭也那么幸，我既为有一个会做美食的的妈妈感到骄傲，也为有一个美满的家庭。

Hello,everyone here.Now,please let me introduce myself to you.I am the only girl in my family. For my own hobbies, I love traveling，listening to music and reading.From these hobbis, you can see,I would like to live a free life.Of course, everyone has some strong points.without myself exception,for instance,both of playing the piano and drawing are my strong points.At present,I am satified with my life. The activities in school are great.My teachers and classmates are friendly to me.For my parents,both of them are managers.They are always busy working.As for my ideas of going abroad to study, I think it is useful and wonderful if we have the chance to do so.I also would like to go abroad to study to improve myself.Thats all.Thank you.

Mid-autumn Day is a Chinese festival。 It usually es in September or October 。On that day we usually eat a big dinner and mooncakes。 It is said "Hou Yi" missed his wife，so he made mooncakes。 It looks like the moon。

There are many kinds of mooncakes。 They are small round cakes with meat， nuts or something sweet inside 。 eating mooncakes has been our custom。 Families stay outside in the open air eat a big dinner and mooncakes。 The most important thing is looking at the moon， On that day， the moon kooks brighter and rounder。 We call this moon the full moon。

On that day， families get together， so we call this day getting together。 This is Mid-autumn Day。 I love it very much。 Because on that day I can eat mooncakes。 And my brother es back home。 He works outside all year。 Only that day and the Spring Festival。 He es back。 So that day I am especially happy。 On that day my family gets together。

中秋节是一个中国节日，通常是九月或十月。当天我们经常吃一顿丰盛的晚餐和月饼。据说“后羿”想念他的妻子，所以他做了月饼。它看起来像月亮。

有各种各样的月饼。它们是小圆饼，里面有肉，坚果或者里面的甜点。吃月饼是我们的习惯。家人在户外露天吃大餐和月饼。最重要的是看着月亮，在那一天，月亮变得越来越明亮。我们称这个月亮为满月。

在那一天，家庭聚在一起，所以我们称这一天聚在一起。这是中秋节。我非常喜欢。因为那天我可以吃月饼。而且我的兄弟回家了。他全年都在外面工作只有那一天和春节。他回来了。所以那天我特别开心。那天我的家人聚在一起。

Communicating in English effectively is essential in todays global economy.

在今日全球化的经济环境下，有效地用英语交流已经变得至关重要。

But conveying your ideas clearly is a skill that needs to be learnt. Too often people simply copy the style of their co-worker and especially their superiors as they think this "good English". You see examples in your in-box every day - emails that are difficult to understand and that you need to read over and over again to get the message.

然而如何清晰地表达你的想法却是门大学问。太多时候人们只是简单地照抄他们眼中同事，尤其是上级写出来的“漂亮英语”。你每天都能在收件箱里看到很多例子——那些难懂的需要你读好多遍才能理解的邮件。

A big mistake is to pad out your writing with unnecessary words and phrases. Remember that the purpose of your writing is to communicate your ideas clearly.

一个巨大的错误就是用一些不必要的单词和词组让你的文章变得冗长。你要牢记你写作的目的是为了更清晰地交流你的想法。

Always try to reduce the number of words in your sentences and avoid lengthy phrases that can be replaced with a shorter alternative. Here are some examples:

总是尽可能减少你句子中使用的字数，避免使用可以用更短的词代替的长词。以下是一些例子：

*Instead of "prior to" use *before*

用“before”代替“prior to”

*Instead of "subsequent" use *after*

用“after”代替“subsequent”

*Instead of "in order to" use *to*

用“to”代替“in order to”

*Instead of "in the event that" use *if*

用“if”代替“in the event that”

*Instead of "with reference to" use *about*

用“about”代替“with the reference to”

*Instead of "state of the art" use *latest*

用“latest”代替“state of the art”

*Instead of "due to the fact that" use *since*

用“since”代替“due to the fact that”

*Instead of "not later than 2pm" use *by 2pm*

用“by 2pm”代替“not later than 2pm”

*Instead of "at the present time" use *now*

用“now”代替“at the present time”

Remember about organisation as well. Use topic sentences to indicate what each paragraph is about. In addition, keep your emails short. No one likes to read an email 10 paragraphs long!

同时也要记得文章有组织性。第一句话就要开门见山地点出你每一段要讲什么。除此之外，要控制你邮件的长度。没人想读一条长达10段的邮件。

By using simple words and easily understood phrases you can improve the clarity of your message no end.

通过使用简单的单词和易懂的词组，你就能最终提高你信息的清晰度。

摘 要：近年来广东省高考英语写作测试内容正从知识型向能力型转变，写作文体日趋多元化，命题更具开放性，对考生英语写作能力的要求也在逐年提高。广东省高考英语写作分为基础写作和读写任务两个题型。其中基础写作的目的是检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力，如，用词的合理性、结构的复杂性、语言运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。结合六七年来的高中英语教学实践，觉得应该从以下几个方面来提高高中生的基础写作水平。

关键词：写作水平；模仿范文；限时训练

明确写作要求和评分标准并做好对应的训练

写作要求和评分标准是我们基础写作拿高分的指挥棒。因此，只有明确了写作要求和评分标准，才能做到有的放矢，写出高水平的文章来。

基础写作的基本要求是只能用5句话表达全部内容。也就是学生整篇小作文的总句数是5句话，多于5句话会扣分，少于5句话也会扣分。同时5句话又要构成一篇内容完整的文章，因此，这就要求学生对长短句要进行灵活把握。这就意味着对学生的句法知识要进行讲解，并大量进行句式训练。基础写作的评分标准是：句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。这就要求训练中要注重句子结构、信息内容和篇章结构。

1.循序渐进，加强句子结构训练

“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。”英语写作能力并非是一蹴而就的。它必须由浅入深、由简到繁、由易到难、循序渐进、一环紧扣一环地进行训练。教师应注重抓基本功训练，严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子，注意大小写和标点符号。进行组词造句、组句成段练习时，要求学生写出最简单的短句，为以后英语作文打好扎实的基础。在熟悉简单句的基础上为学生引入并列句和复合句，对长句的灵活运用显得尤为重要，因为长句能表达更丰满的内容，且能体现出作者的逻辑性。

2.信息内容必须完整

信息内容完整，这就要求学生做到认真、准确审题。基础写作的题目出现在我们面前，我们就应该对题目进行分析，通过列提纲等方式找出其内容要点，并对这些要点进行分类整理，大致分为5个方面，同时注意他们的先后顺序和逻辑关系。这样不仅能保证内容的完整性，还能让篇章结构有一定的逻辑性。

下面是由语文迷网小编精心为大家整理的高考英语写作基本原则，希望对你有帮助。

一、 长 短 句原则

工作还得一张一弛呢，老让读者读长句，累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉?牢记!

强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、 主 题 句原则

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事!

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 一 二 三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!

四、 短语优先原则

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如：

I cannot bear it.

可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.

I want it.

可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.

这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、 多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比

我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：

走出房间，general的词是：Walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房间应该说：Slip out of the room

小姐走出房间应该说：Sail out of the room

小孩走出房间应该说：Dance out of the room

老人走出房间应该说：Stagger out of the room

所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!

六、 多变句式原则

1)加法(串联)

都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：

I encore music and he is fond of playing guitar.

如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.

其它的短语可以用：

Besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)转折(拐弯抹角)

批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.

The coat was thin, but it was warm.

更多的短语：

Despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3)因果(so, so, so)

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!

The snow began to fall, so we went home.

更多短语：

Then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)

有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。

举例：This is what I can do.

Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.

同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：

When to go, why he goes away…

5)附加(多此一举)

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.

Mir liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6)排比(排山倒海句)

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.

Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.

We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)

要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

七、 挑战极限原则

既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀!

原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.

Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪!