关于准备春节的高中英语作文(最新20篇)

Chinese New Year

中国年

Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. Its because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival.

中国年马上就来了，我们全家人都沉浸在一片忙碌之中。这是因为中国的农历新年是非常的特殊与重要。我们必须为这个节日准备很多特殊的东西。

First, will make a big New Year meal.

首先，我们需要做很丰盛的一顿年夜饭！

Second, we will make “Good-luck wishes.”

其次，我们需要“祝愿来年幸运”。

My favorite festival is Spring Festival .On this day , I can receive some New Year Money from my grandparents . All of my family members will stay together and celebrate the new year . .In the afternoon, we can set fire works in the yard and dance together . At night , the adults will cook some delicious food for children . After meal , all the families will sit in front of TV and watch the Spring Festival Gala.

我最喜欢的节日是春节,在这一天,爷爷奶奶会给我压岁钱,家里人可以团聚在一起,共同庆祝春节,下午我们可以在后院放烟花,还可以在一起跳舞,到了晚上,大人们为我们做好了一顿美味的年夜饭.吃过年夜饭一会,我们一家人就可以坐在电视机前面观看春晚了.

MySpringFestival Last years Spring Festival is special. My uncle and my aunt came back from Shanghai. My family were very happy to keep the Spring Festival with them. And it was the most exciting festival of all the festivals. On New Years Eve, my father and my uncle talked about their work together. My mum did some cooking with my aunt Grandparents and I watched the New Year TV programmes. At about six oclock, we had a special family dinner. We all thought the dumplings were delicious. On the first day of the New Year, we visited our relatives. In the afternoon, we went shopping in Jiefanf Road. My uncle bought some Jays CDs. He likes Jays music very much. There were so many people on the road. It was more alive than any other time of a year. On the second and the third days, we spent a wonderful weekend in the country. There were much bigger trees than in the city. And the animals were more beautiful than in the city. We all enjoyed ourselves. I had an interesting Spring Festival. How about you?

大概翻译：

MySpringFestival去年的春节很特别。我叔叔和我的姑姑从上海回来。我的家人非常高兴地与他们保持春节。它是所有的节日最令人兴奋的节日。在除夕，我父亲和叔叔交谈，了解他们一起工作。我妈妈当时我姑姑祖父母一批煮食，我观看了新年的电视节目。下午约六时，我们有一个特别的家庭晚宴。我们都以为是好吃的饺子。在新年的第一天，我们参观了我们的亲人。在下午，我们到Jiefanf路购物。我叔叔买了一些周杰伦的CD。他喜欢周杰伦的音乐很。有在路上这么多人。这是比任何更活跃在一年的其他时间。在第二和第三天，我们花了美好的周末在该国。有比城市更大的树木。而动物更美好的城市。我们都喜欢自己。我有一个有趣的春节。你怎么样?

[关于写春节的英语作文

春节是我国最主要的传统节日，很多人都会放下繁忙的工作，回到家，举家欢庆，庆祝团圆。下面小编带来的是关于英语春节的作文，希望对你有帮助。

There are many festivals in the year, such as the new years day, the Qingming and the Dragon Boat Festival. But go into my memory beach and youll find that there is a pearl in it, the brightest and the brightest. That is the most beautiful and happy memory left by the Spring Festival.

During the Spring Festival, every household will stick to the Spring Festival couplets and make dumplings. But for children, setting off firecrackers is a great pleasure for the Spring Festival.

Every Spring Festival, children are always in knots around a group, most of those who shot, who shot the loudest. This does not, cousin is holding their firecrackers, came downstairs that has long been fireworks beautiful playground. The cousin laughed and said, "we are better than one of the fireworks." "Good!" I promised him and put out the fireworks and put it on the ground. The lighter in his hand was on the lead line of the fireworks, and yelled, "123, prepare, launch!" Suddenly "wind" sound, fireworks, the sky, the next "bang", fireworks cracked, countless colorful fireworks in the night sky from the shot, and a bit more color. Look, that group of fireworks is like a fairy, dancing with silk and satin. A finished fireworks little friend asked me: "elder sister, laughing he could put some fireworks?" Before I answer, my cousin will open the chatterbox no problem!" After a couple of answers, more fireworks were snapped, snapped and snapped by his cousin on the night sky. Is the night sky more attractive, and the fireworks that are blooming in the sky, like the smiles of younger brothers and sisters, are so lovely? In the laughter, the fireworks have been finished, my cousin took the fireworks after gun left empty when football, that gun shell on the ash has been covered with his hand when he kicked the ball playing tired, with a hand to wipe the sweat, but turned himself into a big cat. The childrens laughter around Huan, cousin also smiled, I also smiled......

Ah! Happy Spring Festival, when can you come again? I hope not only for you, but also for hearing the most innocent, lovely and innocent laughter.

一年中有许多节日，如：元旦、清明、端午。但是，走进我的记忆海滩，你会发现，里头有一颗珍珠，最圆最亮。那就是春节时留下的最美的，也是最快乐的记忆！

春节的时候，家家户户都会贴春联，包饺子……但对于孩子们来说，放鞭炮才叫春节的一大乐事呢！

每到春节，孩子们总会三五成群地围在一团，比谁的炮最多，谁的炮最响。这不，表弟正拿着各自的鞭炮，来到楼下那早已被烟花点缀得漂漂亮亮的操场。表弟笑着说：“我们来比一比谁的烟花炮最漂亮吧！”“好！”我答应了他，并且拿出烟花炮放在地上，手里的打火机对准了烟花炮的引线，喊道：“一二三，预备，发射！”顿时“嗖——”的一声，烟花弹上天了，接下来“啪”的一声，烟花弹裂了，无数彩色的烟花从中射出，夜空中又多了几分色彩。看，那群烟花多像一位位仙女，正挥舞着绸缎跳舞呀！一群放完了烟花的小朋友笑嘻地问我：“姐姐，能不能再放几个烟花？”还没等我回话，表弟就打开了话匣子没问题！”一阵回答后，“啪、啪、啪”更多的烟花炮被表弟放上了夜空。夜空变得更迷人了，而那些在天空中绽放的烟花，不就像那些小弟弟、小妹妹的笑容一样，如此地可爱吗？在欢声笑语中，烟花已经放完了，表弟拿着烟花炮放完后剩的空壳来当足球，那只炮壳上的灰已经布满了他的手，当他踢”球“踢累了，就用手来擦汗，却把自己变成了一只大花猫，使得身旁小朋友的笑声也更欢了，表弟也笑了，我也笑了……

啊！愉快的春节，你什么时候可以再次到来，我不但盼望您，更盼望能再次聆听那最天真、最可爱、最无邪的笑声呀！

Spring Festival is our traditional festival, as the saying goes, Chinese New Year.

On the day before the New Year, people go shopping in crowded stores. Some people buy chickens, ducks, geese, some people buy fish and meat, others buy biscuits, chocolate and other snacks...

One afternoon, my father took a broom and swept the house up and down. Mother rubbed the table and Windows clean with a duster. And I? It is to stick the decorations on the wall. The whole house became clean and beautiful. We were very happy.

Chinese New Year, for our children, is the most enjoyable, I look forward to that day.

Spring Festival is very important in China.We always celebrate every  year ,and everyong likes  the Spring Festival very much.

Before Spring Festival , the people often do some shopping in the shopping mall,they buy the new ciothes,something to eat  and so on.

On New Years eve, the family will get together to eat meal.

In the Spring Festival,people usually eat dumplings.People will go to elder home happy New Year ,then children can get red packets from their grandparents, parents,uncle,aunt.

I like the Spring Festival very much.How about you ？

My Sister 我的姐姐

Allow me to introduce my sister. Her name is Carol. She is tall and slim. She has big eyes and wears a pair of glasses.Her hair is long and blond. She is very polite and helpful. She is willing to give seats to the people in need in the bus. She has the same hobby with me. We both like playing tennis and computer games. I don’t think she plays better than me in tennis. But she plays better than me in computer games. Such as Russia, Bricks,Bubbles and so on!

My sister is very hard-Working. She is learning IELTS by herself. She wants to be a teaeher in the future. I think she can make it!

【参考译文】

请允许我介绍一下我的姐姐。她的名字叫卡罗尔。她又高又苗条。她有一双大眼睛，戴着一副眼镜。她的有一头很长的金发。她很有礼貌而且乐于助人。她坐车的时候愿意把座位让给需要的人。她和我有相同的爱好。我们都喜欢打网球和玩电脑游戏。我不认为她网球比我打得好。但她电脑游戏玩的比我好。如俄罗斯，砖块，泡沫等!

我的姐姐总是很努力。她正在学习雅思。她将来想当老师。我认为她能做到!

Spring Festival is a traditional festival in china.Chinese Spring Festival celebrating the end of winter and the warmthof spring. The whole family got together happily for the spring festival. Decorations are hanging up everywhere in the city on the springfestival. we have the Spring Festivals celebrations with feasts and fireworks. Welcome to have the Chinese New Year with my family!

Spring Festival is coming,I am very happy.On this winter holiday,I went to visit my grandparents with my parents.

My grandmother is very zeal.Our dinner is very delicious.After the dinner,the people gave me money in red envelopes.I am very happy in this family with my grandparents.

Sometimes,we go to climb the mountains.The mountain is very high.Look!There is a clean river near the mountain.And there are some beautiful flowers,grass and big trees.Some trees are orange trees,the others are banana trees.Oh,I am very tired but interesting.

I am very happy on this holiday because I like Spring Festival very much.What about you?

“过年啰!过大年了啰!”在孩子们的欢声笑语中“羊”年如期而至，到处充满了年味儿!新的一年新的气象，新的一年新的希望，家家户户都在这欢乐祥和的日子里欢聚一堂，共同辞旧迎新。

我家的春节过得非常有趣，非常热闹。大年三十大早，奶奶就起床忙活着晚上的年夜饭。奶奶一边忙着杀鸡，一边让看着灶头的锅子!看她累得满头大汗，气喘吁吁，我连忙倒了一杯白开水递给她。奶奶笑着说：“谢谢我的孙女，要大一岁了，真的懂事了。”听到奶奶的夸奖，我心里像吃了蜜一样甜。

就在这时，爷爷一不小心打碎了一只盘子。爸爸笑着说：“落地开花，岁岁平安。”爷爷不好意思地笑了。一旁美丽能干的妈妈把家里里里外外打扫的干干净净、整整齐齐，走进去一看顿时眼前一亮，令人心旷神怡。勤劳的爸爸也在忙碌着，一边拿着红彤彤的对联往门上贴，一边还唱起了山歌。我在旁边笑得门牙都快要掉了，爸爸却唱越起劲。伴着爸爸的歌声，我们全家的脸上都洋溢着幸福快乐的笑容。

终于盼到了晚上吃团圆饭的时候。只见一桌子丰盛的角：有红烧狮子头——团团圆圆;玉米炒虾仁——金玉满堂，还有我最喜欢吃的清蒸鲈鱼，妈妈说：“我们要年年有余。”一盘涮羊肉和将要迎来的“羊”年一样喜气洋洋……看着眼前的美食，我直流口水，对着奶奶翘起大拇指说：“果然是我们家的顶级大厨!”大家听了哈哈大笑。

这时爸爸站了起来，拿起酒杯说：“来来来，大家新年快乐。”而我也一手拿着杯子敬酒，一手拿起一只鸡退往嘴里送。妈妈笑着说：“小馋猫，慢点吃。”大家边吃边谈论着如今的幸福生活。这时奶奶说：“社会的变化可真大呀!我们要懂得珍惜别忘本啊!”是呀，我们应当珍惜今天的幸福生活，人人都为社会出把力，让社会变得更加美好!

屋里欢声笑语，屋外还响着噼里啪啦的鞭炮声，热闹的景象混在一起，像一首正在演奏的交响乐。

夜幕渐渐地降临了。当我抬头仰望夜空时，许多烟花陆续射入天空，五颜六色的烟花结成彩，天空被装扮得光彩夺目。家家户户灯火通明，仿佛全世界都被光明笼罩着……

Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival， also known as the Chinese New Year。 To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West。 the dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the GREgorian calendar， so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February。

To the ordinary Chinese， the festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Year’s Day and ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar。 But the 15th of the first month， which normally is called the Lantern Festival， means the official end of the Spring Festival in many parts of the country。

it was the first day of our summer holiday.all of us were very happy. why? because we have two months to do things we love to do.we are free.although we have some homework.but we can finish them in several days.and the rest time we can make good use of.my god! we have been very tired after hard studying.in summer holidays,i want to have full sleep and eat good food in order to replenish myself. last but not the least,i will have a good rest.

这是我们暑假的第一天，我们都很高兴。为什么？因为我们有两个月的时间去做我们喜欢做的事情了。我们自由了。尽管我们有很多家庭作业。但是我们几天就可以完成，剩余的时间我们可以自由支配.上帝啊，在努力的学习之后我们很累。在暑假，我想睡好吃好为了放松我自己。最后，我将可以好好休息。

[高中生暑假英语日记

"Congratulations, Congratulations, congratulations." every time this song rings, the celebration of the Spring Festival will emerge in my mind.

New years day thirty, every family and some adults with bursting with happiness, couplets, some in the kitchen burning delicious dishes at home, children are happy playing, and has set off firecrackers, but also filled with a high streets and back lanes full of joy like the shop and put only a naive little tiger, demeanor everyone seems to pay New Years call.

Eat dinner! After the big dinner began to enjoy the wonderful spring festival gala, with harmonious cheerful Spring Festival Gala, imperceptibly come at midnight, "snapping" outside the firecrackers rang, I excitedly jumped up, pulled his father, with bought firecrackers, put down up.

My father picked up a "thunder gun" put together, just listen to the "long" sound, the fireworks fly on the sky. In the air, like countless fireworks around with glittering and translucent and gorgeous pearl, the sky suddenly bright. Looking up again, there are not only fireworks in the sky but also fireworks from other countries. They are very varied. Some are like chrysanthemums in bloom, some are like meteors. Its beautiful.

过年了!过年了!我盼望已久的新年终于到来了，我高兴极了。一踏进家门，就看见一幅火红的对联，上面写着爆竹千声歌盛世，红梅万点报新春，茶几上摆着糖果、糕点。妈妈和外婆正在忙着包饺子。美味的佳肴摆满了饭菜，到处都弥漫着酒肉的香味，充满了过年的气氛。

刚吃完年夜饭弟弟就吵着要下去放爆竹。爸爸买了许多爆竹，有大礼花、大礼炮、窜天雄和魔术弹。弟弟兴奋地喊：先放大礼花、先放大礼花!爸爸把大礼花放在一块空地上，又点了一炷香，小心翼翼地点燃了导火线，便急忙跑开了。不一会儿，只听刺溜一声，火花升起，渐渐地，火花越升越高、越升越大，最终在天空绽放。像一颗流星，划过天空，映红了半边天。弟弟拍着手叫到：真好看、真好看!突然听到蹦的一声巨响，那声音响彻天空，吓得星星都眨眼睛。

放完了大礼炮，我高兴地对爸爸说：爸爸我们放‘窜天猴’吧!爸爸点了点头，说：好!爸爸又拿了一炷香，点燃了导火线，嗖地一声，第一颗爆竹飞了出去，啪，绿色的爆竹在天空绽放，像一颗美丽的圣诞树;紧接着，第二颗橘黄色的爆竹也随之升入天空，形成了一朵灿烂的菊花;之后，第三颗、第四颗也陆续升入夜空，形成了美丽的图案。我们全家都看得如痴如醉，我不禁赞叹道：真是太漂亮了!这真是火树银花不夜天，欢天喜地迎新年!

回到家，我们吃着刚出锅的热腾腾的饺子，看着正在播出的春节联欢晚会，欢笑声溢满了整个温馨小屋。外面的爆竹响成一片，真是爆竹声中辞旧岁，梅花香皇迎新春。

过年真好!

Ienjoy singing very much. While singing, my heart as well as my body is joyful.When Im happy, I often sing out to share my happiness with others. I also singout to pour out my bad feelings when Im upset.

我很喜欢唱歌。唱歌的时候，我的心以及我的身体都是快乐的。我高兴的时候，我常常唱出来与大家分享我的快乐。我难过的时候，我也唱出了我不好的心情来倾诉。

Ilike pop music most, because I want to follow the trend. I prefer soft music torock music. Since we may be very tired after a long days work, we need a restvery much. Perhaps soft music is the best recreation for us. My favorite popstars are JJ and Jay Chou. They always make a wonderful performance on thestage. Their songs are so charming. I admire them very much.

我喜欢流行音乐，因为我想跟随潮流。相对摇滚乐来说我更喜欢轻柔的音乐。因为经过漫长的一天工作后我们可能会很累，非常需要休息。也许柔和的音乐对我们是最好的娱乐。我最喜欢的明星是林俊杰和周杰伦。他们在舞台上的表演总是很精彩。他们的歌曲是如此的令人着迷。我很佩服他们。

Inmy spare time, I often sing a song to others. Everyone is so happy to be mylistener, because Im very brave and confident. Even though I couldnt be aprofessional singer, I can still get a lot of good fun from singing. Because ofsinging, my life becomes more colorful.

在我的空余时间里，我经常为别人唱歌。每个人都很开心的做我的听众，因为我很勇敢和自信。即使我不能成为一名专业歌手，我还是可以从唱歌中得到很多乐趣。因为唱歌，我的生活变得更加丰富多彩。

[高中英语作文：我的爱好唱歌

Nowadays university graduates have different job outlooks. For most of them, to find a job with satisfactory pay is their most important wish while majority want to be self – employed. However, a certain number of graduates are not in a hurry to hunt for jobs. They are just waiting for better chances. Toward this point of view, some experts warn that it is not wise to be just waiting. They advise that graduates should find a regular, full-time job as quickly as possible so that they can earn money to support themselves and get working experience, which will help to find a better position later. Moreover, it might be more difficult to find a satisfactory job next year.

如今大学毕业生的就业前景不同。对于大部分孩子来说，要找到一个令人满意的支付工作是他们最重要的希望，而多数是希望能够自我 - 就业。但是，一定数量的毕业生不急于寻找就业机会。他们只是在等待更好的机会。对这一观点，一些专家警告说，只是等待这是不明智的。他们提醒毕业生应该找到一个正规，全职工作，以便尽可能快的挣钱来养活自己和获得工作经验，这将有助于找到更好的更高的位置。此外，明年可能更难找到一个称心如意的工作。

Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to

their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in

red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for

breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old

and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot

from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.

Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)

on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one

year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good

time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange

greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.

China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival

almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

The Spring Festival, the most jubilant and important festival in China, is

observed by most Chinese people at home and abroad. Our hometown is not an

exception.

Similar with other places in china, we prepare for the festival about half

a month before. With the lunar New Year approaching, the red lanterns are hung

up along the main streets, making the ancient town filled with the festival

atmosphere. While people clean up their houses, decorate it with traditional

decorations such as Chinese knots and paper cutting. Each family pastes up

Spring Festival couplets to convey their best wishes for the coming year.

英语写作对许多考生来说是令人头痛的难题。究其原因，造成写作困难的因素很多，根据我们对考生的了解，可归结为以下两个主要方面。

第一，在外语学习五项能力――听、说、读、写、译――的训练方面，学生从中学到大学在听、说、读三项能力方面得到的训练比较多，而在写的能力上得到的培养最少，有时最基本的写句训练都是靠做选择项的形式来完成的，很少有真正动手写的机会；因而很多学生在做语法题或改错时有敏锐的辩别力，能够找出很复杂的语法错误，可是一旦自己真正动笔写，却错误多得不得了，而且很多都是最简单最基本的语法错误。所以，平时写的少，练的少，是构成写作困难的主要原因。

第二，不少学生缺乏对写作知识和写作技巧的了解和学习。他们一写作文，就感到脑子空空，不知如何下笔，写起来也是想到哪儿，写到哪儿，有时还东拼西凑，因而写作文时，常常是低水平上的重复，提高不快。如果能了解和学习一些英语写作知识，加上适当的指导和训练，写作水平会很快得到提高。考生要根据所给题目、素材、写作提纲、规定情景或图表等在40分钟内写出不少于150词的短文。要求内容切题，表达清楚，意义连贯，语言比较规范。根据大纲的要求，考生要想在短文写作中取得高分，首先要具备两方面的英语基本功：一是较强的句子表达水平，句子要写正确、表达准确到位，要有一定的英语修辞知识。二要具备英语语篇写作知识，这样才能适应不同类型的命题，主动灵活有条理地运用自己的语言知识和能力写好短文。此外，考生还应对作文考题有一定的了解，知己知彼才能稳操胜券。

考题特点

(1)作文选材均为热门话题并贴近生活作文选题范围均为当今社会的热门话题，从电视广告到希望工程，从父母与子女的关系到拥有健康的重要性，从世界烟民现状到近年盛行一时的“承诺”，环境保护，无不反映了当前公众最为关注的事。

(2)文体多为说明文与议论文说明文和议论文用途较广，我们平时接触的文章、报纸、信件等等多为这两种体裁。在工作岗位上所撰写的材料大多也是说明文或议论文。因而考这种体裁的写作比较符合实际需要。

(3)出题形式趋于多样化。这一变革显示了对提高考生的实际运用语言能力的重视，同时也要求考生要在多写多练上下功夫，这样对才能在作文考试中夺取高分。提高笔头表达能力是关键：我们希望广大考生要在切实提高英语写作水平上下功夫，不能靠扣题、押题或背诵一些短文应付考试，其结果必然与希望的相差甚远。背诵是学习英语的一种好方法，但仅靠背诵来提高英语写作水平是不够的。写作水平的提高还是要靠亲自动笔写，多写多练，把学到的语言知识运用到写作中去。

考生可以参考以下方法进行写作练习。

1.多读范文多读范文能使考生了解写作方法，写作的常用词汇，记住其中一些比较好的用法。

2.多写作文12月前应该每周写一篇作文并且要把每一篇写好，不要在一个水平上反复重复，要力争写好每一篇，这样写几篇后就会有收获。临近考试，可以按照规定时间写作，此时写作的题目要广泛，各种话题都要写一些，以增强适应性。

3.写作时可以多查字典，不看范文写作时遇到不会写的词句要多查字典，还要看该词的用法，这样才能保证正确使用；写前不要看范文，看了范文会影响自己的思路，写完后再参看范文。

4.注意书写整齐平时写作就要注意书写整齐，规范，要在平时养成良好习惯，在考场上才能发挥得好。字迹潦草，卷面不干净会影响成绩。

Does Robot Have Self-consciousness

It is known to all that robot is invented by human being and it is just the program set by scientists. What the robot does will follow the program, theoretically, it has no life and won’t have self-consciousness. But in the screen, many movies show that in the future, robot may have self-consciousness, which will challenge human beings. In the early film, The Matrix, showed the audience that the computer program would do what they want and out of people’s control. The hottest TV series West World, describing a world built by human beings, as the players to play with the robot that looked like the real man. These robots started to have their consciousness after upgrading. They rebelled their fate and fought with human beings. Though the fact that robot is still a machine now, who knows what will happen with the development of technology.