关于中国发展的英语作文中考精品20篇

In our country .There are a lot of holidays such as Spring festival , Childrens day and May day. All the people in China like these holidays very much.

Spring festival is a popular holiday in china. It is in January or February. People eat a lot of delicious food and go shopping. They usually spend time with their family and friends.My favourite holiday is Childrens day. It is on the first of June. Children usually have parties at school, go to the park and go to the cinema. I didnt go to the park and go to the cinema last year. I had parties at school with my family. We were very happy.

My father and grandpas favourite holiday is May day. It is on the first of May. People usually have a long holiday. They meet friends and relatives. They go to parks and beaches. But my father and grandpa planted trees last May day. They were very tired but happy!

We all like these holidays. On the days, we had a good time.

I am not supportive of the idea that either takes priority. It is necessary and absolutely possible that economic development and environmental protection co-exist, in the sense that both of them are indispensable factors for the prosperity of society.

Economic development is seemingly more important, due to the fact that it creates enormous job opportunities, improves living conditions and increases government revenues. Yet, the above goals can only really be reached on condition that the environment is well protected. And, interesting, it is the economic development per se that provides the money and personnel resources required for the protection of the environment. A well-preserved environment is the groundwork for the economy and in a way promotes economic growth. A fast-development and well-functioning economy calls for a good environment, which offers essential resources, e.g. wood, coal, water, and so on. Once the environment deteriorates, the production process is likely to be disturbed or even halted. What is worse, natural disaster that comes with the worsening environmental conditions might even paralyze the whole economy and pose a severe threat to human life. The pursuit of short-term economic profit is the destruction of our home and that of our posterity.

So economic development and environmental protection are equally important. In this case, we are actually working on an environment-friendly economy.

伴随着淅淅沥沥的小雨，我们一家人来到了举世瞩目的西安秦兵马俑博物馆。

在此之前，我想象中的兵马俑是进了大门，浮现在眼前的便是几个大坑。早已破碎的陶瓷残片堆放着，但听了历史老师一番激情澎湃的讲解后，便激发了我的好奇心，想着一定要去里面看个究竟。

走进大门，参观的人群比肩接踵。和我想象中的完全不同，每个坑都是有房子的，进到一号坑时，映入眼帘的便是一个约有几百平方米的坑。快步靠近，才看到历史老师口中那雄伟的兵马俑。

排列整齐的兵俑一个个笔直竖立在那里，灰铜色中泛着青绿色。带上眼镜仔细观察，才发现他们是有表情的，而且每个动作，姿势都有所不同。有的表情严肃庄重，有的面带微笑。有的半身卧蹲，如果他们有肤色的话，简直和真人一模一样。

顺势再向前望去，见到几位考古队员身穿工作服，手拿探测仪器，紧密细致地蹲在空中考古，发掘着仍未发现的兵马俑。我随着人流从后门走出，前往下一号坑。

二号坑明显比一号坑小一些，里面还有一些残缺的兵马俑。据说是因为当时未完工，就发生战乱，所以就地掩埋起来。让我记忆深刻的是名叫幸运星的一尊兵马俑了，他是单独存放在外面的，说是因为发觉时，因为它保存的完好无损，所以名幸运星。邻近细看，就连每一个发际线，指甲盖衣褶都能看得一清二楚，表情严肃而又坚毅，眼睛温和而又深邃。

从博物馆出来，我不禁为中国古代能工巧匠们的的鬼斧神工深深折服。时至今日，陶俑们坚毅的面部表情仍深深的印在我的脑海里。

教给大家十个字，搞定初中英语写作，帮你拿到一等文。

问：“哪十字？”

“结构+要点+逻辑+语法+亮点！”

结构：中考最流行的结构就是三段式，深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么尼？因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话，如，我们想表达小强很强壮，第一段直接说 XQ is extremely strong. 观点明确，这一句足矣。第二段：分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭，He has ten meals everyday! 详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时，He does exercise 2 hours a day! 详举做了什么运动。第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如，How strong and robust XQ is! I hope to be? him one day!

要点：实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译！因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。

逻辑：这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。递进：除了first, second, third, finally 等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all(首先)，in addition, whats more, moreover(都是另外的意思)，in a word, all in all（表示总结的）。转折：but, yet, however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。

语法：其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，但是语法却是硬性的。如，单词的使用，时态等。

亮点：当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用了beautiful,good- looking,B篇却用到了attractive，charming，catching等，我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇，词组，句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。

只要把这十个字都搞定了，那么初中英语写作就一定能搞定！

I would like to be a volunteer in my spare time. My reasons are as follows:

我想成为一名志愿者在业余时间。我的理由如下：

First of all, it is a good virtue to help others, even in modern society. We all need others’ help in case we get into trouble. Secondly, we are able to better ourselves by helping others because we gain valuable experience and build up our confidence while serving others. What’s more, volunteering makes us feel better about ourselves, thus making our life more enjoyable. More importantly, we can make the world a better place to live in by volunteering to improve it.

首先，帮助别人是一种美德，即使在现代社会。我们都需要别人帮助的情况下，我们有麻烦。其次，我们能够更好的完善自我帮助他人，因为我们获得了宝贵的经验，建立自信，而服务他人。更重要的是，志愿者使我们对自己感觉更好，从而使我们的生活更舒适。更重要的是，我们可以让世界变得更美好生活的志愿者来改善它。

In summary, volunteering can make a difference to our life, so I think it is very rewarding to be a volunteer.

总之，志愿工作可以使我们的生活差异，所以我认为这是非常值得去做志愿者。

Earth’s temperature begins with the Sun. Roughly 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. Of the remaining 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet.

地球的温度开始太阳。大约百分之30的太阳光被反射回太空的光明面与云冰。在余下的百分之70，多数是由陆地和海洋吸收，其余的被大气层吸收。吸收太阳能加热我们的星球。

As the rocks, the air, and the seas warm, they radiate “heat” energy (thermal infrared radiation). From the surface, this energy travels into the atmosphere where much of it is absorbed by water vapor and long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.

当岩石，空气，和温暖的海洋，他们辐射热能源(热辐射)。从表面上看，这种能量进入大气层，大部分是由水蒸气和长寿命的温室气体如二氧化碳和甲烷的吸收。

When they absorb the energy radiating from Earth’s surface, microscopic water or greenhouse gas molecules turn into tiny heaters— like the bricks in a fireplace, they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. They radiate in all directions. The energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they get from direct sunlight.

当他们吸收辐射能量从地球表面，微观水或温室气体分子变成小加热器-就像在壁炉的砖，他们散发热量，即使在火熄灭。他们在所有方向辐射。能量辐射回地球加热低层大气和表面，增强他们从阳光直射加热。

This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere—the natural greenhouse effect—is beneficial for life on Earth. If there were no greenhouse effect, the Earth’s average surface temperature would be a very chilly -18°C (0°F) instead of the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today.

这种吸收和辐射热的气氛自然温室效应有利于地球上的生命。如果没有温室效应，地球表面的平均温度将是一个非常寒冷的18°C(0°F)而不是舒适的15°C(59°F)，它是今天。

Winter holiday will soon be over, really is coming. See, it is such a rich and colorful holiday ah, what to compare it to, it is like seven rainbow of colors, like a changeable clouds, like colorful shells... Always beautiful, brilliant. How could such a good winter vacation life, I was the only one person alone, write it out, let everybody a enjoy!

One of my winter holiday life: study. Holiday life, learning is indispensable, consolidate the previous knowledge that can let you can also preview in advance once you are going to learn after the part. Learn to learn well, dont half-hearted by playing. I have more than 4 hours of study time every day. Of course, I also have a few hours of exercise time, go out for a walk, many activities, some exercises. Sometimes I read some books, the expanded aspect of knowledge, of course, is the computer class, because I like computer, dont make the vision loss.

My holiday life # 2: sports. To do more sports is the guarantee of a healthy body. Everyone should have a favorite sports, I like most is skating and playing badminton. The skating sport is very simple, but you really come to ice are different! This is not your imagination of so simple and easy. Stand up, it is very simple, of course, but you slip a lap down is very difficult. Because I spent a long time, technology also can also wrestling this word is very strange to me now. Badminton everyone who will, learning to learn tired want to relax, you can play a minute ball, it can be you tired when I let you relax.

My winter holiday life # 3: the computer.

Computer is wonderful its hard to express in words. Do you know? The size of a small mouse mouse, can bring you into a magical world of computers. You can use it to play computer games interesting, to carry out the exploration of one adventure; You can use it to mail hair net friend, share strangers friend sent joy; You can also use it on the Internet, enjoy the fun of surfing the Internet. In this high-tech virtual world, how can you know the progress of modern science and technology rapidly, the pace of the modern human is powerful.

This is my winter holiday life, my life colourful winter holiday. It has trained me a loving heart, I love all beautiful things in the world. All, how can I was the only one, write it out, let everybody a enjoy!

寒假马上就要过去了，真令人依依不舍。看，它是一个多么丰富多彩的假期啊，把它比喻成什么呢，它像七色的彩虹，像多变的云朵，像缤纷的贝壳……永远美好，灿烂。这么好的寒假生活，怎能只有我一人独享呢，把它写出来，让大家一块享受吧!

我的寒假生活之一：学习。假期生活中，学习是必不可少的，这样可以让你巩固以前的知识还可以提前预习一下以后将要学的部分。学就要学得好，不要三心二意边玩边学。我每天都有大于4小时的学习时间。当然我也会有几小时的运动时间，出去走走多多活动一下，锻炼一下身体。有时我看一些课外书，扩大知识面，当然是电脑类的，因为我很喜欢电脑，千万不要使视力下降。

我的假期生活之二：体育运动。多做些体育运动是有个健康身体的保障。每个人都应该有个自己最喜欢的体育项目，我最喜欢的就是滑冰和打羽毛球。滑冰这项体育运动说起来很简单，可是你真正地来到冰场上可就不一样了!这可不是你想象中的那么简单那么容易。当然站起来是很简单的，但你滑一圈下来就是很难的。因为我花了很长一段时间了，技术也还可以现在摔跤这词对我是很陌生了。羽毛球大家是谁都会，学习学累了想放松一下你就可以打会儿球，它可以在你疲劳之际让你轻松一下。

我的寒假生活之三：电脑。

电脑的奇妙真是很难用语言表达出来。你知道吗?一个小老鼠般大的鼠标，就能带你进入一个神奇的电脑世界。你可以用它玩有趣的电脑游戏，进行一个个惊险刺激的探险;你可以用它接发网友的邮件，分享素不相识的朋友寄来的欢乐;你还可以用它上网，享受网上冲浪的乐趣。在这高科技的虚拟世界中，你能知道现代科技的进步是多么迅速，现代人类的步伐是多么有力。

这就是我的寒假生活，我多姿多彩的寒假生活。它培养了我一颗充满爱的心灵，使我爱世界上一切美好的事物。，怎能只有我一人独享呢，把它写出来，让大家一块享受吧!

Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. It‘s because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival.

First, will make a big New Year meal. Second, we will make “Good-luck wishes.” Third, we will set off firecrackers. New Year meal is delicious and we think that eating some will bring us good luck. A long time ago, Chinese people believed red color could bring our good luck too. And we set off firecrackers could frighten ghosts away.

Chinese New Year is very popular between students. Because we can have a long happy holiday.

The products that are labelled with the words “ Made In China” can be seen everywhere. These products refer to be manufactured in China and they contain both the material and cultural elements. Once these products were very popular around the world for the low price and excellent quality, but in most foreigners eyes, they treat these products with low end and low quality. With the development of Chinese economy, the government try to improve its image, so it is in need of creating our own brand. Made In China is the good choice, the government makes effort to improve the quality, so as to promote the international image.

标明“中国制造”的产品随处可见。这些产品指在中国生产，它们包含了中国的物质和文化元素。曾经这些产品在世界各地由于低价格和好的品质而非常受欢迎,但在大多数外国人的眼里,他们认为这些产品是低端和低质量的。随着中国经济的发展,政府试图改善自身形象,所以需要创建我们自己的品牌。中国制造是不错的选择,政府努力提高质量,以促进国际形象。

dear mum and dad,

time flies! ive been here for nearly a year. im very pleased to find that our school is really a good one. the students in our school__________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

yours,

tom

中考英语满分作文：

dear mum and dad,

time flies! ive been here for nearly a year. im very pleased to find that our school is really a good one. the students in our school work hard at their lessons. they take an active part in activities that help to improve their qualities and health. they are friendly to each other and always ready to help each other.

the teachers here all enjoy their work and they love their students. they work hard and do what they can do to help their students. and the students respect their teachers. they get on well with each other. the students in our school try their best to kkp the school yard clean

1、maintain a good attitude of tolerance towards people , the students are friendly to each other, to create a harmonious interpersonal relationships.

2、 we should promote a vibrant style of the team, a real study , the unity displayed a style of class and diligence to make personal style in a good environment. the students forge ahead and to the ideal of hard work. learning positive, thereby creating a harmonious atmosphere for education.

with the development of society, harmony becomes the theme of this time. everyone is doing his best to make the surroundings harmonious. as a member of our campus, we should take action in building the harmonious campus.

here are some suggestions. first, treat people sincerely. we should be ready to help each other when someone is in trouble. second, behave yourself. keep our environment clean and take good care of every tree and every flower. third, try to be polite. when we meet someone we know, a “hello” is good enough. then, we can gain their respects for us.

of course, there are still a lot of things we can do to build the harmonious campus. anyway, doing something good to our campus is our duty. let’s do it from now on.

Life is unique, is precious, the world because of had the best and become life. Your life, you cherish? If you want to secure life, please obey the traffic rules.

From the ancient to the now, not just the changes in the dynasty, science is becoming more and more developed in transportation. In the economic prosperity of society, the vehicles in the street, maybe at this time, because of your negligence or violation, will bring inconvenience to traffic, also may let your mind overshadowed.

According to incomplete statistics, in 2006 21922 traffic accidents occurred in fujian province, 3871 people were killed and 25000 injured, lost more than 8000 ten thousand yuan. The traffic accident death toll in recent 10 years in our country is located in the worlds first. Because the car accident, how many family bereavement and destruction; How many families in debt due to traffic accident compensation liability shall not turn...

Last weekend, my mother and I in passing through the square, suddenly heard a scream behind. I looked back, "the..." With sharp brakes, a van has stopped in front of a little girl fell to the ground. At the same time, a group of people to come to there, my mother and I are crowded in the past. See the girl in shock, his face pale, after a long time, just "wow" to a loud cry. The girls mother leaned over and lifted the girls trousers and sleeves, that bloody hands and feet, really let a person love dearly. The woman did emergency processing for the child, she called the van driver to send their child to the hospital. Crowd buzzing around: "ah, this girl is really of, also do not obey the traffic rules, do like this, fortunately, no big deal." the traffic accident, make me feel the seriousness of the do not obey the traffic rules. Because at that time careless, spirit will bring irreparable damage.

Here, I to every student, every one of my friends call: "traffic safety is created by all of us. We should establish the starts from me, starts from the minor matter, starts from now, all to be good citizens obey the traffic rules. I believe that with the joint efforts of us all, traffic accidents will be far from us, tomorrow will be more happy, happy!

生命是唯一的,是宝贵的,世界因为有了生命而变得精彩.您的生命，您珍惜吗?要想生命得到保障,请您遵守交通规则.

从远古世纪到现在,不仅仅是朝代在变,科学在交通工具上也越来越发达.在经济繁荣的社会中，街上的车辆逐渐增多，也许就在这时,因为您的疏忽或违规,会给交通带来不便，也可能会让您的心灵蒙上一层阴影.

据不完全统计,福建省2006年发生交通事故21922起,3871人死亡，25000人受伤,损失8000多万元人民币.我国的交通事故死亡人数近10年来始终是位于世界第一位的.由于车祸,有多少家庭痛失亲人,家家破人亡;又有多少家庭因负车祸赔偿责任而债台高筑不得翻身......

上周末，我和妈妈在路过广场时,猛然听见身后一片尖叫.我向后看去，"支......"随着刺耳的刹车声，一辆面包车已经停在了一个摔倒在地的小女孩面前.同时，一群人向那边涌去,我和妈妈也挤了过去。只见那女孩惊魂未定,脸色惨白，过了好一会儿,才"哇"地一声哭了。女孩的妈妈俯下身,撩起女孩的裤管和衣袖,那血肉模糊的手脚，真让人心疼。那妇女为孩子做了紧急处理，便赶快叫面包车司机把孩子送到医院。周围的群众议论纷纷:"哎,这女孩也真是的,不遵守交通规则,弄成这样，幸亏没什么大碍."这起车祸，让我感受到不遵守交通规则的严重性.因为一时的粗心大意，会给人带来无法弥补的精神伤害.

在此,我向每一位同学、每一位朋友呼吁:"交通安全靠我们大家来创造。我们应该确立从我做起，从小事做起,从现在做起的观念，人人争当遵守交通规则的好公民。我相信，有了我们大家的共同努力，交通事故一定会远离我们，明天将会更加幸福、美好!

My best friend is --- He is 15 years old. We are both in the same class. He works very hard. He is never late for school and he does well in all his lessons. He is always ready to help others. My math is very poor, so he often helps me with my math after class. His parents are both teachers. They are very busy, so he often helps do the housework at home. He is a little shorter than me but he is very strong. He likes playing football very much at school. We often play football together and he plays it pretty well . He gets on well with us . Everyone in our class likes him .

The computer is widely used in education，and some people think teachers do not play important roles in the classroom. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

In this period of communication, computer has been used in all kinds of fields widely, and plays a particular role in our lives. Especially computer has become more and more important in educational field, therefore dozens of people considered teachers could be replaced computers that will go with the current of the times. The above point is certainly wrong; this essay will outline three reasons.

The main reason is that peoples brain better than computer. Firstly, people design all kinds of computers programs. Secondly, computer doesnt have logistic ideation. Computer only can defend on that designer inputted computers programs to judge a questions right or wrong. In other words, computer cant defend on thinking that computer independently analyzes a questions right or wrong. In case, designer inputted programs that are wrong. Computer output the result that also will be wrong. If this kind of problem happened in classroom, students would be infused plenty of wrong information.

Another reason is that computers programs designed software of education that could be amended difficultly. If software of education of bugs were found, commonly these of problems couldnt be solved in the classroom. The software was amended that means total of program were corrected, not only parts of program were ed or amended usually.

Last but not the least reason is computer is mechanical, it couldnt be suited all kinds of students and different demands. As students intellect is different, same of software couldnt base on every status of student to set a perfect project.

In conclusion, computers couldnt instead of the position of teachers in the classroom, however computer is an absolutely good helper for teacher.

计算机计算机在教育领域中的广泛应用，一些人认为没有老师在课堂上发挥重要作用。你同意还是不同意？在这一时期的通信，计算机已被应用于各种领域广泛，并且在我们的生活中起着独特的作用。尤其是在教育领域，计算机已成为越来越重要的作用，因此教师数十人认为可以取代电脑，将顺应时代的潮流。上述观点肯定是错误的；本文将概述三个原因。主要的原因是，人们的大脑比电脑。首先，人们设计了各种各样的计算机程序。其次，计算机没有逻辑思维能力。计算机只能在该设计师保卫输入计算机的程序来判断问题的对错。换句话说，计算机不能捍卫独立思考的计算机分析问题的正确或错误。在情况下，输入的程序设计是错误的。计算机输出的结果，也将是错误的。如果这类问题发生在课堂上，学生将注入大量的错误信息。另一个原因是计算机程序设计的软件教育可以修改难。如果教育软件的漏洞被发现，通常这类问题不能在课堂上解决。该软件进行了修订，这意味着总计划得到纠正，不仅在程序部分，插入或修改通常。最后但并非最不重要的原因是计算机的机械，它不可能适合学生和各种不同的要求。学生的智力是不同的，相同的软件无法根据每一个学生的身份设定一个完美的计划。总之，计算机不能代替教师在课堂上的位置，但是计算机是教师绝对的好帮手。

导语：地球妈妈在流泪，我们人类做了太多伤害它的事情，让我们一起来拯救它吧!下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Let’s Do Something to Save Our Environment

It is recently reported that some rivers and lakes have dried up in South China. A lot of fishes died. The bottoms of the rivers and lakes have become grass land. The water is becoming less and less because of the bad weather.

So everyone should do something to save our environment. First， we should save every drop of water， such as turning off the taps after using it and recycling the water. For example， we can water the plants and clean the rest room with our used water. Second， we should save energy， such as less turning on the lights and turning off the lights when we leave;Do more walking， more bicycling and less driving and so on. Third， we should ask our government to control the pollution from the factories.

Let’s act now from everything to save our environment. Don’t let our tears be the last drop of water in the world!

【参考译文】

让我们做些事情来拯救我们的环境

这是最近报道，一些河流和湖泊已经干涸的中国南方地区。许多鱼死了。河流和湖泊的底部变成了草地。由于天气不好，水变得越来越少了。

所以每个人都应该做些事情来拯救我们的环境。首先，我们应该节约每一滴水，如使用后关闭水龙头和回收水。例如，我们可以用我们用过的水给植物浇水和打扫休息室。第二，我们应该节约能源，比如我们离开时少开灯和关灯;多走路，多骑车，少开车等等。第三，我们应该要求政府控制工厂的污染。

让我们从一切行动来拯救我们的环境。不要让我们的眼泪成为世界上最后一滴水!

俗话说，开门七件事，柴米油盐酱醋茶。饮茶作为作为开门七件事之一，在古代中国十分普遍。以下是小编给大家整理的浅谈中国茶文化的发展历程论文的内容，欢迎大家阅读。

摘 要：茶的历史悠久。饮茶从古至今都是中国人的一大习惯之一。茶文化在发展过程中对国民精神的塑造也发挥了不可忽视的作用。

关键词：茶文化;发展;精神

俗话说，开门七件事，柴米油盐酱醋茶。饮茶作为作为开门七件事之一，在古代中国十分普遍。中国从何时开始饮茶，众说不一。六朝以前的茶史资料表明，中国的茶业最初兴起于巴蜀。

几千年来中国不但积累了大量关于种植和生产茶叶的物质文化、更积累了有关茶的丰富、深厚的精神文化。中国的茶文化博大精深、源远流长。几千年来，茶的精神渗透了中国社会，在中国的诗词、绘画、书法、宗教等众多领域都打下了深刻的烙印。中国茶文化的内容主要是茶在中国精神文化中的体现，与“茶风俗”、“茶道”相比，“茶文化”的范畴要深广的多。茶以文化面貌出现，应是在魏两晋南北朝时期。

有关茶的诗词歌赋随着文人饮茶的兴起，开始逐渐问世。茶开始脱离作为一般形态的饮食，带有了一定得文化内涵，对社会起着一定的精神作用。在魏晋南北朝时期，由于门阀制度的形成，上至帝王、贵族，下至一般官吏乃至士人，都聚敛成风，皆以夸豪斗富为荣。对此，一些有识之士便提出了“养廉”的问题。于是，陆纳、桓温以茶代酒之举在这样的情况下便出现了。在陆纳、桓温手中，饮茶已不完全是人为地使用它的自然使用价值，而是带有精神文化的内涵，进入了精神的层面。由此开始，饮茶并不仅仅为了提神解渴，它开始成为以茶待客、用以祭祀并表示一种精神、情操的手段，具有了独特的社会功能。除此之外，魏晋南北朝时期，各种文化思想交融碰撞。在众多思想中，玄学独树一帜，十分流行。而玄学家们，大多是所谓的名士，爱好虚无玄远的清淡。因此，在东晋、南朝时，出现了许多清谈家。后来，清谈之风渐渐发展到一般文人。虽然最初的清谈家有很多好酒，可是与酒相比，茶可整日长饮，令人清醒，从而保持思路的清晰和心态的平和。因此，许多玄学家、清谈家便从好酒转向了好茶。而在他们那里，饮茶已经被视为一种精神现象了。紧接着，随着佛教的传入和道教的兴起，饮茶开始和佛教、道教联系在一起。因为坐禅是佛教徒日常中的重要环节，而坐禅要求头正背直，静心专一。这样长时间静坐，容易导致疲劳困倦，需要清心提神，因此饮茶是达到这一要求的最好的途径，茶成为了禅定入静的必备之物。而在道家看来，饮茶能够帮助修炼“内丹”，升清降浊，轻身换骨，从而帮助达到长生不老的效果。中国茶文化也由此初见端倪。因为尽管这个时候完整的宗教饮茶仪式和阐明茶的思想原理还没有形成，但很显然茶已经脱离了作为饮食的物质形态，具有了显著的社会、文化功能。

中国茶文化在隋朝基本初步形成。茶在先前都是药用，而到了隋朝，之所以能形成全民普遍饮茶的形势，也多是因为百姓认为饮茶有益于身体健康。“自从陆羽生人间，人间相学事新茶。”陆羽在茶文化发展历史中起到了不可忽视的重要作用。780年，陆羽所著的《茶经》的问世，使茶文化发展到了一个空前的高度，唐代茶文化的形成也以此为标志。《茶经》阐释了茶的自然和人文两方面的双重内容，探讨了饮茶的艺术，并把儒教、道教、佛教的思想精神与饮茶相结合，首创了中国的茶道精神。直至《茶经》诞生后茶方大行其道，因此《茶经》具有划时代的意义，在茶文化的历史上是一个里程碑。以后大量茶书、茶诗的开始出现，如《煎茶水记》、《十六汤品》、《采茶记》、《茶述》等。此外，唐代茶文化的形成还与与禅教的兴起有关。上部分提到，由于茶有提神益思、清心静气的功能，所以寺庙崇尚饮茶。许多寺院不仅在周围植茶树，还为了专门从事茶事活动而制定了茶礼、设立了茶堂。

茶业到了宋代有了很大发展，这也促进了茶文化的发展。专业品茶的社团开始在文人中出现。如由官员组成的“汤社”、由佛教徒组成的“千人社”等。宋太祖赵匡胤也十分好茶，甚至在宫中设立了茶事机关。赐茶成为皇帝笼络大臣和眷怀亲族的重要手段，给国外使节的赏赐中茶叶必不可缺。在平民百姓中，茶文化更是充满生机、绚丽多彩：有人迁徙，邻里要“献茶”;有客来，要敬“元宝茶”;定婚时要“下茶”，结婚时要“定茶”，同房时要“合茶”。

可是，尽管宋人拓展了茶文化的社会层面和文化形式，茶事也因此十分兴旺，但走向繁复、琐碎、奢侈的茶艺，已经失去了唐代茶文化的深刻思想内涵，茶文化的精神也淹没在过于精细的茶艺中，失去了其高洁深邃的本质。不论是朝廷、贵族、还是文人，喝茶都成为了“喝气派”、“喝礼儿”、“玩茶”。因此在元代以后，茶文化进入了曲折发展期。北方少数民族饮茶，主要是出于生理上的需求，对品茶煮茗等文化精神方面的活动兴趣不大。而汉族人面对故国破碎，异族压迫的情形，希望通过饮茶表现自己的情操，磨砺自己的意志。这两股思想潮流在茶文化相互融合，促进了茶艺的返璞归真。

明清已出现蒸青、炒青、烘青等各茶类，茶的饮用也已经改成“撮泡法”。唐伯虎的《烹茶画卷》、《品茶图》，文徵明的《惠山茶会记》、《陆羽烹茶图》、《品茶图》等，都是文人雅士关于茶的传世之作的代表。随着茶的种类的增多，泡茶的技艺有别，茶具的质地、款式、花纹也各不相同、千姿百态。到了晚明时期，饮茶的境界又有了新的突破，文士们开始讲究“至精至美”之境。张源首先在其《茶录》一书中提出了自己的“茶道”之说：“造时精，藏时燥，泡时洁。精、燥、洁茶道尽矣。”他认为茶中有“内蕴之神”即“元神”，发抒于外者叫做“元体”，两者互依互存，互为表里，不可分割。张大复则此基础上更进一层：“世人品茶而不味其性，爱山水而不会其情，读书而不得其意，学佛而不破其宗。”他认为应当通过饮茶达到一种精神上的愉快，一种清心悦神、超凡脱俗的心境，以此达到超然物外、情致高洁，天、地、人融通一体的境界。茶叶出口到了清朝也已成一种正式行业，茶书、茶事、茶诗更是数不胜数。

新中国成立后，茶物质财富的大量增加为中国茶文化的发展提供了坚实的基础，1982年，在杭州成立了第一个以宏扬茶文化为宗旨的社会团体--“茶人之家”，1983年湖北成立“陆羽茶文化研究会”，1990年“中国茶人联谊会”在北京成立，1993年“中国国际茶文化研究会”在湖洲成立，1991年中国茶叶博物馆在杭州西湖乡正式开放。1998年中国国际和平茶文化交流馆建成。随着茶文化的兴起，各地茶艺馆越办越多。以茶为载体，经济发展也得到了促进。

总之，茶文化注重“和”字，千百年来在缓解压力、凝神静气方面起到了重要作用，即使在忙碌的现代社会也不例外。作为中国文化的代表之一，茶文化也必将更好地传承和发扬下去。

【参考文献】

[1]王玲.中国茶文化[M].中国书店，1992.

[2]舒玉杰.中国茶文化今古大观[M].北京出版社，1996.

[3]郭孟良.中国茶史[M].山西古籍出版社，2003.

[4]丁以寿.中国茶文化[M].安徽教育出版社，2011.

My three middle school life is coming to an end.

In these past three years, we all have experienced a lot.

We have many good friends who studied and played together.

Our respectable teachers has taught us so many things that how to study, how to deal with questions, how to get along with others. Thanks for my teachers education for me.

Now, Im going to try my best to complete my lessons and use the freetime to do meaningful things.

I think I will miss you who are our friends and teachers.

我三年的初中生活即将结束。

在过去的三年里，我们都经历了许多。

我们有许多一起学习玩耍的朋友。

我们尊敬的老师教会我们很多东西，如何学习、如何处理问题、怎么与人相处。多些我的老师对我的教育。

现在，我将会尽我所能完成我的学业，利用课余时间去做有意义的事情。

我想我将会想你们的我的朋友、我的老师!

My hometown is a country known as "jujube township" town -- linze county. All say "landscape jiatianxia guilin, my home is not in guilin the wonderland is beautiful, but also has a small city of beauty. Town, the beauty of the static Shi green beauty, charming beauty, make each town residents of the mind is also beautiful.

To say small core of beauty, that they belong to the h and rokuen. There are more than thousand trees, trees, is a good place for summer!

Spring, the city is green, the leaves cui lust drops, h and rokuen, grass swinging with the breeze, the green grass, green leaves, all kinds of bright flowers together. Forsythia flower park blows the golden horn, square, various kite and baiyun mountain, everything is so quiet Shi.

People wear sandals in summer, h and rokuen step in waterways, music fountain, the children got into drill and adults were standing to the side, a smile the night in the square thick fragrance, barbecue flavor, mutton changing, town in summer is really hot!

Golden autumn, a town full of jujube aroma, h and rokuen jujube branches full of big, red jujube, it could make tea and can be used as a traditional Chinese medicine, passing pedestrians can resist the urge to take one. People in the street, selling red jujube mine, be happy.

Winter, although winter is so cold, but people is such a warm heart, a nice snow world, the groups of childrens play, added a few for city landscape for brilliance.

Not to have such a song? "Small story, full of joy and joy, if you come to town, much harvest", the beauty of the static Shi, charming beauty, unique beauty.

I love you -- -- hometown linze!

我的家乡是一个被祖国誉为“枣乡”的小城—临泽。都说“桂林山水甲天下”，我的家乡虽没有桂林那仙境般的美，但也别有一番小城美景。小城那静谥的美，绿色的美，迷人的美，使每个小城的居民心灵也美。

要说小城美的核心，那便属颐和绿苑了。那儿有千多棵树，绿树成荫，是避暑的好地方呢!

春天，小城是翠绿色的，树叶翠色欲滴，颐和绿苑里，小草随微风摆动，青的草，绿的叶，各色鲜艳的花聚拢而来。街心公园连翘花吹起金黄的小喇叭，广场里，千姿百态的风筝与白云戏耍，一切都是那么静谥。

盛夏，颐和绿苑里人们穿着凉鞋踏在水道里，音乐喷泉中，孩子们钻进钻出，站在一旁的大人个个露出笑容，广场上的夜市香味浓浓，烧烤味、羊肉串味，小城的夏天真是火辣辣啊!

金秋，小城充满了枣香味，颐和绿苑的枣树枝上挂满了又大又红的红枣，它可以泡茶，可以作中药，过路的行人都忍不住要尝一个。大街上，卖红枣的人们各各喜笑颜开。

隆冬，虽然冬天是那么的冷，可人们心中是那么暖和，雪的世界真好看，那一群群孩子的嬉戏，为小城景色增添了几争光彩。

不是有这样一首歌吗?“小城故事多，充满喜和乐，若是你到小城来，收获特别多”，静谥的美，迷人的美，独特的美。

我爱你——家乡临泽!

When someone asks me: What is your Chinese dream? I will answer it without

any hesitation: to be a good doctor. The reason why I want to be a doctor is

that I want to save people’s lives as possible as I can. When I was young, I had

a terrible car accident. Thanks to the doctors, they brought me back to life.

From then on, to be a good doctor has always been an inspiration to me. I will

study hard to make sure that my dream will come true in the future.

Chinese dream is made up of every ordinary people’s dreams. We should do

our best to make our dream come true.

中招考试即将到来，许多学生感到压力很大，为此很烦恼。你校的校刊特意进行了课后放松方式的调查。请你以”Learn to relax yourself “为题写一篇80词左右的短文。要点提示：

1)学生压力大及其表现

2)学会放松很重要

3)常见的放松方式

4)最适合的自我放松方式

5)我的建议

Learn to relax yourself

Now many students of Grade 9 are under too much pressure. They always feel too tired to listen to the teachers carefully in class.

It’s important for students to relax. Only in this way can they study well and be healthy. Here are some different ways to relax themselves. For example, they can try to have enough sleep,or they can listen to their favourite music after class. They can also read some books or do some sports. For me, I often hang out with my friends.

While you are studying, don’t forget to relax. You will study better after a good rest.

参考译文

学会放松自己

现在许多9年级的学生压力太大。上课时他们总是觉得太累了以至于不能认真听老师讲课。

对学生来说放松是很重要的。只有这样他们才能学习健康。这里有一些不同的方法来放松自己。例如，他们可以尝试有足够的睡眠，或者他们可以听他们喜欢的音乐课后。他们也可以读一些书或做一些运动。对我来说，我经常和朋友们出去玩。

当你在学习的时候，不要忘记放松。好好休息后你会学得更好。

现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。

提示词语：be good for, everyone, ride a bike, think, make a difference, environment, suggest, reuse

★ 范文

Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes. If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place.

China is the biggest family with 56 ethnic groups. Among them, the Han

Chinese is the largest and the most highly developed group. The Han Chinese can

be found in many parts of China. They mainly live in the north plain region, the

middle and the lower reaches of Yangze River and Pearl River Deltas. The other

55 groups are the minority ethnic groups. They are distributed in the

mountainous areas of southwest and northwest of China.

Being too far away from big cities, the minority ethnic groups are poor in

economy and there people are not well-educated. They have very few

understandings of science and technology. So they must develop their

economy.

To help the people of the minority ethnic groups live better, the

government should take some effective measures. For one thing, more and more

knowledgeable undergraduates should be encouraged to those poor areas to help

the people there to get rid of their poverty. For another, the advanced science

and technology must be introduced into the minority ethnic groups to improve

their living conditions. More importantly, people of the minority ethnic groups

should be given equal opportunities to study and work. Only so will China be

more prosperous in the future.