大学英语写作常用句型精彩20篇
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7362024考研英语写作基础知识之标点与书写
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+ 加入清单考研英语大纲对于考研英语作文的评分标准有明确规定,其中一项标准表述如下“标点符号反映语言准确性的一个方面。评分时,要视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。如书写较差,以致影响读者理解,将分数降低一个档次”。还有一些考生英语基本功不太扎实,在进行英语写作时甚至出现一“逗”到底的情况,没有养成正确的书写习惯。以下是英语写作基础知识之标点与书写详细内容:
一、标点符号
标点符号有助于明确或强调句子的意思,而且,考研英语作文评分标准中要求考生在写作时使用的标点符号要正确,因而有必要学会正确使用各种英文标点符号。此处提出一些基本规则,在学习写作时应特别注意并牢记。
1. 结构完整的句子,不论长短,后面都用句号。
2. 不要用逗号连接两个并列句;应用逗号加连词,或用分号。
3. 把逗号和句号分清:逗号带个小尾巴(,)句号是个黑圆点(.),不是一个圆圈(。),中文的句号才为小圆圈。
4. 在疑问句后用问号,但在改为间接引语的问句后不用问号:
“Have you done your exercise?” the teacher asked.
The teacher asked whether we had done our exercises.
5. 感叹句只用在需要强调的感叹句或表示强烈感情的词语后面。不要用得太多。
6. 直接引语应放在两个引号之间。说话人和表示“说”的动词可放在引语前面、后面或中间:
She said, “We have decided to take the examination.”
“We have decided to take the examination,” she said.
“We have decided, “she said, “to take the examination.”
注意上面三个句子的标点符号用法。第一句中的She said后面用逗号;第二句的引语后用逗号,she是小写;第三句在decided和she said后面都用逗号,而且引语的第二部分也用小写字母开始。总之,一面与和she said被视作一个句子,只是引语的第一词要大写。
二、书写
应细心书写,便于别人阅读。大写字母应稍大于并稍高于小写字母,a和o, n和u要分清,i和j上面要加一点, t要加一横。在逗号后空处约一个字母的间隔,在句号后则空处约两个字母的间隔。
如要划去一个词,不能用括号把它括起来,因为括号中的词还是要的;而要用粗线把它勾销。如果要增加一个词,应加在已写的一行词上面,不要加在下面,还要用清楚的符号表明加在何处。
常见的手写字体有两种:一种是所谓草体,即字母相连;另一种是所谓印刷体,即字母不相连。两种字体都可以,但最好坚持用一种。
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篇1:文章写作常用的写作方法
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+ 加入清单写作方法属于艺术表现方法,即:艺术手法和表现手法,也含表达手法(技巧),常见的有:悬念,照应,联想,想象,抑扬结合、点面结合、动静结合、叙议结合、情景交融、首尾呼应(也叫前后呼应)、衬托对比、伏笔照应、托物言志、白描细描、铺垫悬念、正面侧面、比喻象征、借古讽今、卒章显志、承上启下、开门见山,烘托、渲染、动静相衬、虚实相生,实写与虚写,托物寓意、咏物抒情等
1、第一人称叙事法
由于文章的内容是通过“我”传达给读者,表示文章中所写的都是叙述人的亲眼所见,亲耳所闻,或者就是叙述者本人的亲身经历,使读者得到一种亲切真实的感觉。
采用第一人称,由于叙述人是当事人,所以叙述的人与事,只能是“我”活动范围内的人物和事件,活动范围以外的人物和事情就不能写进去。
2、第三人称叙事法
用第三人称叙事,叙述人既不受空间、时间的限制,也不受生理、心理的限制,可以直接把文章中的人和事展现在读者面前,能自由灵活地反映社会生活。
但在马海祥看来,第三人称叙事又往往不如第一人称叙事那么亲切自然。
3、顺叙法
顺叙是按时间的先后顺序来叙述事情,这就跟事情发生发展的实际情况相一致,所以易于把文章写得条理清楚,脉络分明。
运用顺叙,要注意剪裁得当,重点突出,否则,容易出现罗列现象,犯平铺直叙的毛病,像一本流水帐,使人读了索然无味。
4、倒叙法
倒叙并不是把整个事件都倒过来叙述,而是除了把某个部分提前外,其他仍是顺叙的方法。采用倒叙的情况一般有三种:
一是为了表现文章中心思想的需要,把最能表现中心思想的部分提到前面,加以突出;
二是为了使文章结构富于变化,避免平铺直叙;
三是为了表现效果的需要,使文章曲折有致,造成悬念,引人入胜。
倒叙时要交代清楚起点,倒叙与顺叙的转换处,要有明显的界限,还要有必要的文字过渡,做到自然衔接,特别要注意,不要无目的地颠来倒去,反反复复,使文章的眉目不清。
5、插叙法
插叙是为了表达文章中心的需要,有时是为了帮助读者了解故事情节的追叙;有时是对出场人物的情节作注释、说明。
使用插叙一定要服从表达中心思想的需要,做到不节外生枝,不喧宾夺主。
在插入叙述的时候,还要注意文章的过渡、照应和衔接,不能有断裂的痕迹。
6、补叙法
补叙主要用于对上文的叙述补充说明,一般是片断性的、简要的,不具备完整的事件,也可以把解释或说明的文字放有前面,以引起下文。
补叙的作用,一般不发展情节、事件,只对原来的叙述起丰富、补充作用。
7、分叙法
分叙的作用是把头绪纷繁、错综复杂的事情,写得眉目清楚,不条不紊,分叙可以先叙一件,再叙另一件,也可以几件事情进行交叉地叙述。
采用分叙时要根据文章内容和表达中心思想的需要确立叙述的线索,还要交代清楚每一事件发生和发展的时间。
8、细节详叙法
详叙一般用在对每件事发展变化过程的具体叙写,详叙时要抓住人物的特征或事情的细节进行详尽、细致的描叙,作文时,与中心思想密切相关的部分,要详叙。
没有细节就不可能有艺术作品,作品的题材无论多有意义,主题思想多正确,如果没有真实感人的细节,就无法给人以强烈的艺术感受。
运用细节表现法刻画人物,首先要找到真实的细节,细节不真实,人物就不真,作品就必然失败;其次还要注意细节的选择,要选择那些最具有特征的,最能表现作品主题的细节,否则,就应该毫不吝惜地舍弃。
与中心思想关系不大,而又与也须交代的,则几笔带过,这样文章的中心才能突出,否则文章会出现无中心或多中心,显得繁琐。
9、略叙法
略叙的作用是在于交代事件发生发展过程中不可缺少但又不必详叙的内容,它与详叙相结合,便整个叙述有详有略,疏密相间,形成叙述的起伏。
略叙一般用于文章的开头和结尾,与中心思想关系一般的部分,人所共知的部分。
10、直接抒情法
直接抒情可以使感情表达得朴实真切,震动人心,直接抒情一般适用于抒发强烈而紧张的感情。
直接抒情的特点是叙述时感情强烈,节奏时快、紧张,情感直露,容易把握。
11、间接抒情法
间接抒情的特点是抒情含蓄婉转,富有韵味,感染力强,间接抒情一般可以通过叙述抒情,作者在叙述时加上自己主观感情色彩,根据感情的流动来叙述,使读者在叙述的过程中感受作者的思想感情;也可以通过议论抒情,作者在议论中,表达强烈的爱憎、褒贬之情,这种记叙中的议论一般是利用判断来进行;还可以通过描写来抒情,作者在描写的过程中,渗透自己的情感。
在马海祥看来,采用间接抒情的方法,要做到语言美丽而又富有感情色彩。
12、先叙后议法
先叙后议是先叙事后议论,因此议论要起总结上文,点胆中心的作用,议论时,要对事件的主要内容,或事件的主要人物,或主要事物进行议论,这样才能做到叙事和议论的统一。
议论的方法,可以通过文章的人物的语言、心理活动进行议论,也可以以第三者的身份进行议论。
13、先议后叙法
采用先议后叙的方法,首先开门见山地提出记叙的要点和中心,并以此统全文,使全文所记事件的意义,通过议论之后,显得清楚明白。
在叙事的时候,要根据议论的中心,抓住重点进行写作。
14、夹叙夹议法
夹叙夹议的特点是叙事和议论穿插进行,写法上灵活多变,作者可以自由自在表情达意。
采用夹叙夹议的方法写作要注意叙事的连贯性,议论插入要自然。
15、以物为线索
在叙事的过程中,让某一物品在事件的各个阶段重复出现,并通过各种手段加强它的形象,这种物件往往起过渡作用或象征和点明中心思想。
16、以人为线索
以人为线索叙事,要注意不同时间、不同环境人物性格的统一,还要注意人物年龄、特征、外貌、动作、地方和民族特征、生活习惯等方面的统一,否则,容易造成混乱。
17、以思想变化为线索
这种写法,思想发展的主线要分明,思想变化的各个阶段贯要自然,对照要清楚。
18、以中心事件为线索
主要事件记叙突出,次要事件交代清楚,主次搭配合理,叙述井然有序,这种写法,事件再复杂,也可繁而不乱。
19、写生法
学习画画,要从写生、素描学起;学习书法要从描红临帖练起;学习状物也需从写生素描练起,我们作文时,如果能把看到的物品用文字描绘出来,读者看了文章,如见其物,我们的作文就有了坚实的基础。
用写生法描写物品要注意描写的顺序,或由上到下,或由下到上,或从左到右,或从右到左,或先中间后两边,或先两边后中间,或先整体后部分,或先部分后整体;其次要注意细部的描绘,使读者留下深刻的印象。
20、转动法
采用转动法描写物品要有一定的顺序,不能颠来倒去;其次要准确地运用方位词如正面、反面、下面、上面、左面、右面等等,在转换物品的方向时,要用方位词标明。
此外,马海祥提醒大家写作的时候还要有详有略,能反映物品特点的一面要详细描述,其他作简略交代,切忌面面俱到,平均使用力量。
21、剥笋法
有些物品结构比较复杂,光用转动法还描述不清,抓不住特点,我们就要从外到里或从里到外的顺序把物品的结构描述出来,这就要用过渡词语把进入哪一层交代清楚,此外,要有重点地介绍物品的结构。
22、拟人法
把动物比拟成人要注意找出动物的特征与人相似之处,并进行细致的描绘,把动物比拟成人,首先要从整体上把它比拟成人,然后找出局部相似之处,这样,我们读了以后才能有整体感。
如果只抓住局部进行比拟,容易显得不伦不类,不易读者想象,把动物比拟成人,也用于动物动作的描写,这主要是按照人物的心理活动想象动物动作的目的。
23、化动法
想象物品的动态要与静态描写相结合,这样才能相映成趣,文章从描写静态转入想象动态或从动态转入想象静态,描写要交代清楚,否则会分不清楚哪部分是看到的,哪部分是想到的,文章所想象的物品动态要符合物品的特点,使人读了可信。
24、说明法
采用说明法描写物品时,首先要真实地说明它的特点,其次要抓住重点来说明。
例如对物品的各部分进行说明时,有的部分,可以说明它的质地;有的部分,可以说明它的特点;有的部分,可以说明它的作用。
此外,马海祥建议你可以说明物品的历史、特点或用途时要围绕全文的中心,切忌扯得太远。
25、运用“五觉”法
眼睛可以看到物品的颜色、形状;耳朵可以听到各样的声音;鼻子可以嗅出香、臭、腥、臊;舌头可以知道物品的苦、辣、酸、甜、咸、淡、涩;皮肤可以感知物品的软硬、冷热。
我们描写物品时,可以通过各种感觉器官的感受来写物品的特点,采用“五觉”法来描写物品,要注意围绕物品最主要的特点写,切忌支离破碎,此外,马海祥提醒大家还要注意按一定的顺序描述。
26、借物抒情法
借物抒情要求我们在描写物品时,把感情寄托于对事物的爱憎之中,要借物品的形象含蓄地抒发自己的感情,运用借物抒情的方法,关键是找准物品的特点与自己的感情引起共鸣的地方,使物品与感情相统一,使感情有所依托。
27、托物言志法
采用托物言志法写的文章的特点是用某一物品来比拟或象征某种精神、品格、思想、感情等。要写好这样的文章,就要掌握好“物品”与“志向”,“物品”与“感情”的内在联系。
首先是物品的主要特点要与自已的志向和意愿有某种相同点和相似点;其次,描述时,自己的志向要以物品的特点为核心,物品要能表达自己的意愿,托物言志的写作方法,最常用的有比喻、拟人、象征等。
28、物品自述法
物品自述法是采用第一人称来描述物品,因此要我物品具有人的特点,在具体描写时,要注意准确地把握物品的特征,做到人格化后的物品既体现了人的特点,又不失去物的本色,具有人的特点,物品显得形象生动,吸引读者的兴趣,可鲜明地表现出作者的思想感情,保存物的本质特点,物品描写则显真实自然。
29、远眺近看法
建筑物可以远眺,也可以近看,远眺建筑物,可以得到建筑物整体印象,看法楚建筑物的整体轮廓。
但是,远眺不可能看清各个部分的具体情况,但是对建筑物在空间的位置,缺乏一种整体感,往往有一叶障目的感觉。
我们描写建筑物时,把远眺和近看的结果结合起来写,可以使读者对建筑物的整体和各部分情况有详细的了解,从而获得完整的印象。
30、内外结合法
从外面看建筑物,主要了解建筑物的轮廓,使读者对建筑物有一个完整的印象,从内部看建筑物,主要了解建筑物的构造,因此要作详细的介绍。
从外面观察建筑物要着重从整体上进行描写,切忌写得支离破碎;从内部观察建筑物要细致,因此要按方位顺序依次进行介绍,这样才能条理清楚,读者也看得明白,采用内外结合法描写建筑物,要注意采用比喻、拟人等修辞法。
31、移步换形法
采用移步换形的方法描写建筑物,可以不断地变换立足点和观察点,对建筑物进行多方面的观察描写,同一个建筑物,从不同的角度去看,得到的印象是不一样的。
因此采用移步换形法描写建筑物首先要把观察点和立足点交代清楚,使读者明白你所描述的建筑物形象是从哪一个角度看到的,否则,容易把读者搞糊涂了。
其次,采用移步换形法描写建筑物时,一定要抓住建筑物的最主要的特征来写,如果采用面面俱到的方法来描写,文章容易变成一本流水账。
32、说明介绍法
采用说明介绍法描写建筑物时,首先要注意紧扣文章确定的中心进行必要的说明介绍,切忌不着边际的东拉西扯,在说明介绍的过程中要简明扼要,切忌拖泥带水。
采用说明介绍法描写建筑物时,还要注意整体的连贯性,也就是说在说明介绍完毕以后,文章要返回到描写建筑物上来,并与前文衔接,文章从描写建筑物转到介绍说明,或从介绍说明回到描写建筑物要有过渡词或过渡句。
33、环境衬托法
周围都是绿色,中间的一点红色就特别鲜艳夺目,所以说“万绿丛中一点红”,对建筑物周围的景色进行适当描写,建筑物就显得突出。
描写建筑物周围景色的目的是为了突出建筑物,因此描写景色时要能衬托建筑物的特点,切忌离开建筑物而大写特写景色,造成喧宾夺主,马海祥提醒大家在描写建筑物周围的景色时,要把观察点和立足点交代清楚,便于读者了解建筑物的位置。
34、彩笔描绘法
植物总是由根、茎、叶、花、果组成的。运用彩笔描绘法时,要把根、茎、叶、花、果各个部位的最主要特点写出来,要写出它们的形状,写出它们的颜色,采用这种方法描写植物,要仔细观察,要分辨出植物各个部位的颜色。
同样是红色,要分出是火红的,还是粉红的;同样是黄色,要分出是桔黄的,还是金黄的;同样是绿色,要分出是碧绿的,还是嫩绿的……,要仔细区分各个部位的形状特点,同样是花,花骨朵与盛开的花就不一样。
观察得仔细,描写得具体,读者就好像看到一张植物的彩色照片,采用这种方法描写植物,还要运用恰当的比喻,要写出自己的情感。
35、远近结合法
同一棵植物,远看和近看是不一样的,这同照相一样,放在照相机的前面和远离照相机,摄下来的照片是大小不相同的,采用远近结合法描写植物,可以从不同的角度反映出植物的形状和颜色的特点,给读者以完美的印象。
马海祥提醒大家:采用这种方法描写植物要把观察点交代清楚,也就是要说清楚是远看的还是近看的,其次要注意叙述的顺序,或由远及近,或由近及远,这样文章才能条理分明。
36、时序变换法
植物各个部位的形态和颜色是随着季节的变化而变化,如果我们把植物在不同季节的特点写出来,同时把前后有关的情况交代清楚,就等于在不同的时间给植物拍了彩色照片,看了这一组彩色照片,读者对它就有了一个较为全面的了解。
采用时序变换法描写植物,首先要注意在平时积累资料,要有计划地在不同季节对同一植物进行仔细观察,并记下观察日记,这样,写作时才能对积累的材料进行取舍,写出一篇好文章;其次要注意观察的连续性。
37、生长变化法
植物总是要生长的,一般要经过发芽、生枝、长叶、开花、结果等阶段,如果把植物生长的不同阶段的形状、颜色的特点和生长的情况与下来,就好像给这棵植物拍了一部小电影。
读者可以在很短的时间内,通过阅读,了解植物生长的全过程,采用生长变化法描写植物,首先要注意把植物生长过程中最突出的变化写下来;其次要交代植物发生变化的原因、前后情况和过程;此外要注意按时间的先后顺序有条不紊地写下来。
38、展开联想法
我们看到一棵植物,往往联想到其它事物,这些事物往往与这棵植物有共同之处,例如我们看到棉桃,联想到洁白的雪花,这是因为雪花和棉花的颜色相同;我们看到大西瓜,联想到篮球,这是因为西瓜和篮球的形状相似;我们看到冰在雪地中郁郁葱葱的松树,想起那些在敌人面前不怕严刑拷打,决不屈膝的英雄,那是松树与英雄的品质上有相似之处。
采用联想的方法描写植物,要注意抓住植物的主要特点,展开丰富的想象。要提高自己的联想能力,首先要认真读书,了解生活,使自己的头脑储备丰富的知识;其次是勤思勤想,经常训练,使自己有丰富的想象能力。
39、突出重点法
植物总是由根、茎、枝、叶、花、果组成,我们在描写植物的时候,可以对植物的根、茎、枝、叶、花、果的各个部分进行描述,也可以只对植物的某一部分进行描述。
在马海祥看来,采用重点突出法描写植物时,首先要找出这棵植物与众不同的地方;其次要对最能体现这棵植物特点的部分从颜色、形状、气味等多方面进行具体描写,此外还可以恰当地运用拟人、比喻等方法。
40、对照比较法
俗话说:“不见高山,不知平地。”事物的特点往往在比较中得到显现,我们描写植物时,往往通过对照比较的方法来突出植物的特点,对照比较的方法有两种:一种是把这种植物与另一种植物进行比较;一种是把植物本身两种截然不同的特点放在一起比较。
采用对照比较法要注意抓住所要描写的植物最显著的特点与其他植物作比较,这样才能给读者以深刻的印象和启示,采用对照比较法还要注意表达作者自己的思想感情和倾向性,这样才能使文章感人,抓住同一植物不同部位进行比较时,要注意找出矛盾点,这样才能引起读者的注意。
41、赞美颂扬法
各种植物都有自己的特点,如青松不怕严寒,杨柳随处生长,莲花出污泥而不染,桂花香飘十里,留芳人间,野草有顽强的生命力,植物的这些特点往往使我们联想到做人的道理。
如看到莲花出污泥而不染,我们可以联想到要对不正之风作斗争;看到野草有顽强的生命力,我们可以联想到做人要不怕困难,不怕挫折……,赞美颂扬法就是对植物的这些特点进行赞颂。
采用赞美颂扬法首先要对植物的能联想到怎样做人的特点进行具体的描写,并以此贯穿全文,这样文章的中心才能突出;其次文章中要把赞美的感情抒发出来,要在描写植物中写出自己的情感,这样才能感人,此外还要注意首尾呼应,突出赞颂。
42、静态素描法
动物的外形包括身体、毛色、脑袋、四肢、眼睛、耳朵、尾巴等。不同的动物,身体的各个组成部分不同,例如鸟只有两只脚,但有一对翅膀;鱼没有脚,但不鳞和鳍,静态素描法就是把动物静态时各个部位的形状和颜色的特点写出来。
采用这种方法描写动物,首先要仔细观察,分辨动物各个部位的颜色有什么不一样;其次要找出各个部位形状的特点,此外,要运用恰当的比喻,这样,可以使读者好像看到一幅动物的写生画。
43、总分结合法
采用总分结合法描述动物,要注意总述与分述之间关系,分述部分要紧紧围绕总述所讲的特点描写,如果总述是讲动物的美丽,分述部分都要围绕着美丽来写;如果总述是讲动物的“灵活”,分述部分就要围绕它的灵活来写。
此外分述部分要有一定的顺序,或从上到下,或先形状后颜色,或先中间后两边,一定要有条理。
44、特征举例法
采用特征举例法描写动物时,一般先指出动物的某一方面特点,然后举具体的例子加以证实,采用这种方法描写动物要注意抓住最能反映动物的这一方面的特点,而且要尽量写具体,使读者觉得可信。
45、特征说明法
采用特征说明法描写动物,一般先介绍动物的某一特征,再说明它的作用,或说明为什么具有这一特征,接着采用同一方法逐一介绍动物的其他特征,采用这种方法描写动物,要注意科学性,要有依据,不能采取想当然的方法加以说明,为了提高写作能力,我们要注意多阅读科普读物,了解动物的习性。
46、重点突出法
采用重点突出法描写动物,首先要仔细观察某一动物,找出它与众不同的地方加以描述,在描写动物的最主要特点时,要注意采用比喻、拟人、比较等方法,使重点部分给读者留下深刻的印象。
采用重点突出法描写动物,有的对主要特点详细描述,次要特点一笔带过;有的则内写主要特点,不写次要特点。
47、成长变化法
用成长变化法描写动物,要注意把动物从小到大整个过程中的几个主要阶段写下来,不能采用写流水帐的方法,描写动物成长过程中的几个主要阶段时,要注意把前因后果交代清楚,避免中间衔接不上,使读者看了莫明其妙。
动物的成长过程是一个漫长的过程,因此采用这种方法描写动物,要注意系统地观察,要不意识地写系列观察日记,把观察结果写下来,最后,只要将观察日记加以剪裁,就可成一篇反映动物成长过程的文章。
48、实验证明法
采用实验证明法首先要找出动物的一些鲜为人知的特点及习性,然后通过实验来证明动物确实具有这方面的特点和习性。
在记叙实验的过程时,要把实验的方法、经过、结果有条理地写下来,这样才能使读者信服,这一类作文一般按提出问题---进行实验---明白道理的顺序写。
49、群体描写法
描写一群动物,最要紧的是有详有略,详略得当,要选择具有特色的动物,重点观察,重点描写,其它的或者概括地写,或者略写一笔,要做到选材典型,重点突出。
马海祥提醒大家:对重点描写的动物,要抓住它的形状、颜色、动作,进行具体的描绘,对略写的动物,可抓住某一方面略提一下,描写一群动物,切忌面面俱到。
50、现场目击法
采用现场目击法描写动物,要把观察的地点交代清楚,这样读起来具有真实感,由于现场目击是以作者的观察视点作为写作的出发点,因此,描写时不强求全面、完整,但是也要慎重选择描写的内容,做到突出重点。
采用现场目击法描写动物,要注意在叙述过程中交代清楚哪些是亲眼见到的,哪些是猜想的。这样文章具有科学性。
51、拟人法
把动物比拟成人要注意找出动物的特征与人相似之处,并进行细致的描绘,把动物比拟成人,首先要从整体上把它比拟成人,然后找出局部相似之处,这样,我们读了以后才能有整体感。
如果只抓住局部进行比拟,容易显得不伦不类,不易读者想象,把动物比拟成人,也用于动物动作的描写,这主要是按照人物的心理活动想象动物动作的目的。
52、动物自述法
动物自述法是采用第一人称来描写动物,因此文章中要把“我”当作动物来写,这里要注意在写作时把“我”和动物融为一体,不能露出痕迹来。
动物自述法是采用拟人的方法来描写动物,因此在描写时,既要反映动物外形、动作、习性的特点,又要体现人的一些特点,这样才能使文章既具有科学性,又显得生动活泼。
53、议论抒情法
采用议论抒情法记叙动物,要对能给予启示的动物特点进行仔细观察,然后进行详细的描述,这样议论或抒情时就会更具说服力和感染力,议论抒情法要把动物的某些特点与人们在日常生活、工作中所要具有的精神、品质、思想紧密地联系起来。
描写动物特点时,要为议论抒情作好准备;议论、抒情时,要围绕所描写的特点进行,采用议论抒情法描写动物,要注意围绕一个中心进行描写、抒情、议论。
54、景物衬托法
景物衬托法就是描写动物,首先要集中笔墨描写好动物,写出动物的特点,动物的描写要成为文章的中心;其次描写动物周围的景物时,要为描写动物服务,景物的描写在全文中只是起衬托的作用,不能喧宾夺主。
55、季节特征法
采用季节特征法描写自然景物,一定要对景物四季不同的特征进行仔细观察,描写时,既要逼真地再现具体的时令特征,又要表现景物本身的特征,使时令特征和景物特征融为一体,在描写景物的四季特征时,不能面面俱到,要做到各有侧重,此外,运用季节特征法描写景物时,不能变换景物的地点,要对同一地点的不同季节景色描写。
56、随时变化法
随时变化法一般运用于描写日出、月上、日落、月夕等天空的景色变化,以及描写刮风、下雨、下雪等气色变化,采用随时变化法描写景物,一定要注意仔细观察时间的推移过程中,景物所发生的细微变化,这样才能言之有物。
在描写景物时,要把时间的变化交代清楚,这样能反映景物变化的时间进程感;其次要把景物在各个时间里自身特征的变化描写具体,使读者好像看到一场景物变化的小电影。
57、日内变化法
同一景物在一天内不同的时刻,景色是不一样的,采用日内变化法描写景物,我们必须随着时间的变化而变化,去勾画景物的不同画面,并做到各有侧重,避免画面相似。
采用日内变化法描写景物,不能只改变景物的地点,但是侧重点可以变化,这样,才能做到同中有异。
58、定点换景法
运用定点换景法描写景物,首先在观察景物时要注意选择好观察点,因为表现同一事物时,立足点不同,观察的“方位”、“角度”不同,呈现的面貌也各不相同,表达效果大不一样;其次描写时要注意把观察点交代清楚,即使不用文字作专门说明,也应该让读者能从描写中领会到作者观察的立足点和角度方位。
此外,描写时要按照一定顺序,即由近及远或由远及近,由高到低或由低到高,从左到右或从右至左等等,这样可以把景物写得层次清楚,鲜明逼真,有立体感,给读者以如临其境,如在目前的感受。
59、定景换点法
同一景物,从不同的位置去看,所呈现的面貌是完全不同的,采用定景换点法描写景物就是把不同位置观察到的景物的差异写出来,采用定景换点法描写景物首先要把观察点的变化情况交代清楚,使读者知道是在什么地方观察到的。
其次交代观察点时要按一定的顺序,或由下至上,或由上至下,或由远及近,或由近及远,或由左到右,或由右到左,此外描写景物时,注意从不同的侧面去反映,使读者对景物有整体感。
60、移步换景法
移步换景法一般适合于游记或参观记,描写景物时,人走景移,随着观察点的变换,不断展现新画面,采用移步换景法描写景物时,首先要把观察点的变换交代清楚,这样,读者才能清楚地知道游览或参观的路线。
其次要把移步中或移步后所见到的景物具体地展现出来,使读者看到一幅幅绚丽多彩、内容丰富的生动画面。
采用移步换景法描写景物时,要注意围绕一个中心展示不同的画面,避免有支离破碎的感觉;其次要进行精心的剪裁,要把一路上最有特色的景物描绘出来,删去一般性的描写,避免记流水帐。
61、围绕中心法
我们描写景物时,不可能把看到的全部写下来,而且也不必要全写,围绕中心法就是根据文章中心的需要,选择有关的景物进行描写。
采用围绕中心描写景物,首先要确定文章的中心,有了中心,写景就有了主心骨,中心的确定来自对景物的细致观察,通过观察,抓住景物的主要特点,这就是文章中心。
中心确定以后,就要对观察到的景物进行筛选,能表现中心的就要进行细致的描绘,能衬托中心的也要进行必要的描写,与中心无关的,就略去不写(具体可查看马海祥博客《文章写作的构成方式和思路》的相关介绍)。
62、分类描写法
分类描写是按描写对象的不同类别,如天地、山川、草木、虫鱼等,或不同方面,如形状、颜色、声音等的顺序来写的,因此描写时,不一定要交代观察点,也不一定要按时间或空间的顺序进行描写。
采用分类描写法要把握景物的总特征和各类景物特征的关系,描写各类景物时,都要围绕景物的总特征,采用分类描写法,还要注意准确地“分门别类”,避免重复交叉。
63、听看想法
听看想法一般用于对刮风、下雨、打雷、下雪等气象变化的描写。采用听看想法描写景物,要围绕同一景物写听到什么,看到什么,想到什么,这样,文章的笔墨既集中,又有变化,能引起读者的兴趣。
采用听看想法描写景物,要把在什么时间、什么地点听到和看到的交代清楚,在写看到的景物时要按一定的顺序,如从上到下或从下到上,从远到近或从近到远,从左到右或从右到左等等。
64、描写议论法
采用描写议论法写景最主要的是把描写和议论紧密地结合起来,描写景物时要根据议论的中心,把有关景物写具体,议论时要针对描写得最具体的景物进行议论。
采用描写议论法写景同样要注意把观察的时间和地点交代清楚;同样要按一定的顺序,有条理地描写具体的景物。
65、动静结合法
采用动静结合法描写人物肖像既要写出人物静态时的身材、衣着、外貌,又要写出人物动态时的神情、姿态和气态,采用动静结合法描写人物时要注意围绕人物的特点来描写人物性格特点的动作和动态,做到静态特点和动态特点的统一。
描写人物动态时,要在平时观察的基础上,找出最能反映人物性格特点的动作来写,描写人物静态,可以从人物的身材、体型、衣着、容貌等方面选择最能反映人物个性特点的地方来写。
66、通篇拟人法
采用通篇拟人法写景,要把看到的一切都写得像人那样有思想、有情感、有动作,采用通篇拟人法写景是把看到的各种各样景或物都比拟为人,因此它们的语言、动作、思想,全文显得和谐。
67、比较异同法
俗话说:“不见高山,不知平地。”事物的特点往往在比较中得以显现,采用比较异同法描写景物,首先要有比较点。例如对两种植物相比,可以比颜色,比形状,比香味,有了比较点,就能比出差异来。
其次要比出景物与众不同的特点来,有些自然景色粗看过去,大同小异,但是,通过比较可以从小异中比出特征。
例如,同样是雨,就有暴雨、大雨、细雨等区别,比较有两种:一种是纵比,将现在和过去比较,通过事物的发展变化来说明问题;另一种是横比,即对两种事物进行比较,找出相异点来。采用比较异同法描写景物时,要灵活选用。
68、景物幻化法
我们在平常的生活中,往往出现这样的情况:我们凝望某一景物时间较长以后,好像这个景物动起来变成另一种事物,这就叫幻化。
幻化的景物实际上是随作者的联想或想象而构成的一幅新情景,采用景物幻化法写景就是把这种想象出来的情景写下来,采用景物幻化法写景首先要对原来的景物作必要的交代,这样读者才能知道新情景是由什么景物幻化出来的,当然这种必要交代可以在幻景之前,也可以在幻景之后。
其次,描写幻化景物时要注意完整性、连贯性,能帮助读者构成新的情景。
69、借景抒情法
采用措景抒情法描写景物时,要注意带着强烈的感情来写,做到寓情于景,使客观的景物带上作者的感情色彩,这样,读者看了以后,会自然而然地引起同感。
在抒情时,要直接抒发作者内心的思想感情,语言要优美而富有感情色彩,采用借景抒情法要做到景情相应,写景和心情要一致。
70、方位介绍法
采用方位介绍法描写环境,可以以“我”为中心,按照前后、左右、上下的方位介绍,也可以按照自然界的东、南、西、北的方位介绍,采用方位介绍法描写环境,首先要把观察点交代清楚,这样读者才能清楚地知道是站在哪一个位置看到的。
其次,要按照方位有顺序地描写,不要一忽儿东,一忽儿西,此外,描写环境的设施时,要注意把具有时代特点的、地域特点的地方写出来。
71、参观介绍法
采用参观介绍法描写环境一般按照参观的顺序写,因此记叙时要把观察点的变换交代清楚,同时要根据参观的路线有条不紊地把看到的事物写下来,采用参观介绍法描写社会环境,要把看到事物的外观特点和它的作用、意义结合起来写,这样可以反映事物的主要特征和本质属性。
在记叙的过程中,可以把自己看到的、听到的,和向导的介绍穿插起来写,这样可以给读者一个整体的印象。
72、画面组合法
采用画央组合法描写社会环境,首先要从社会环境中选择具有时代特征、地域特点的不同画面,然后对一幅幅不同的画面按照方位顺序进行具体的描绘,最后将不同的画面按一定的顺序组合成一篇文章,采取画面组合法描写社会环境,要注意选择的画面具有代表性,还要注意画面与画面之间的内在联系。
73、分类介绍法
描写社会环境,除了描写社会环境的景物外,还可以写人情风俗、地理风貌、气候物产和光荣历史等,采用分类介绍法描写社会环境就是有重点地选择几个方面进行介绍,采用分类介绍法描写社会环境,要注意选择最典型的材料进记叙,这样才能反映出社会环境的特点。
74、触景生情法
采用触景生情法描写社会环境,首先必须是情由景生,有感而发,也就是看到景物以后,产生了深刻的感受,好像非说出来不可,其次描述时要以情为主,以景为次,写景为了抒情,笔在写景,都应当句句是情,字字是情,这样写来的文章就特别感人。
这种写法可以先写景,再抒情;也可以先抒发对景物的感受,然后描写景物;还可以把两者交织起来,一边写景,一边抒情。
75、粗笔勾勒法
采用粗笔勾勒法描写人物肖像,可以对人物的身材、体型、衣着、容貌、神情、姿态、风度的某一方面或几个方面作简要的勾勒。
运用粗笔勾勒法描写人物肖像要抓住人物的最主要的特征,用朴实的文字简略地写出来,不宜用过多的形容词、过多的比喻;其次要简练传神,通过寥寥几笔勾勒出人物大致形象。
76、工笔细描法
工笔细描不进对人物的肖像进行细致入微、一丝不苟地刻画,不同只描绘大致的轮廓,采用工笔细描法描写人物肖像,也要抓住人物外貌的主要特征,突出重点,以形传神,不能面面俱到。
在描写人物外貌的主要特征时,要多角度、多侧面地进行描写,反映出人物的思想、品格、性格的特点,采用工笔细描法描写人物肖像,要对人物外貌进行细腻、具体的刻画,能使读者在头脑中浮现出一幅人物的彩色照片。
77、画龙点睛法
鲁迅说过:“要极省俭的画一个人的特点,最好是画他的眼睛。”眼睛是会说话,会传神的心灵窗户,在人物肖像描写中,描写好眼睛可以深刻地揭示出人物的性格特点和精神品质,描写人物的眼睛,可以用细描的方法,也可以采用联想的方法,通过对眼睛的观察,想象人物的心理活动。
采用画龙点睛法描写人物的外貌,并不是说描写人物只能描写眼睛,这里含有抓住重点的意思,也就是说要把最富有个性特点的东西写具体,把人物写活。
78、人物特写法
特写是电影艺术的一种表现方法,是用极近的距离拍摄人或物的某一部分,使其特别放大,人物特写法就是围绕人物的最显著的特点进行细致的描写。
采用人物特写法描写人物的肖像,要先抓住人物的最突出的特点,然后根据这个特点,把有关部分写具体,这样可以给读者留下极其深刻的印象。
79、动态速写法
速写是绘画的一种方法,即一边观察,一边用简单的线条把人物的主要特点迅速勾画出来,动态速写法就是把人物动作过程中神态和表情的最主要的特点写下来。
采用动态速写法描写人物肖像,要求抓住人物动作过程中最能反映人物特点的一个镜头进行描述,好像是作者用照相机拍下的一张彩色照片。
采用动态速写法描写人物肖像时,既要用简笔勾勒出人物神态和表情的特点,还要适当地对人物的外貌进行描写。
80、动静结合法
采用动静结合法描写人物肖像既要写出人物静态时的身材、衣着、外貌,又要写出人物动态时的神情、姿态和气态,采用动静结合法描写人物时要注意围绕人物的特点来描写人物性格特点的动作和动态,做到静态特点和动态特点的统一。
描写人物动态时,要在平时观察的基础上,找出最能反映人物性格特点的动作来写,描写人物静态,可以从人物的身材、体型、衣着、容貌等方面选择最能反映人物个性特点的地方来写。
81、展开想象法
采用展开想象法描写人物肖像,可以根据人物外貌的特点,想象他的过去,进一步说明人物具有这些外貌、衣着、打扮的原因;也可以根据人物外貌的特点,想象他未来,进一步塑造人物的形象。
马海祥提醒大家一点:采用展开想象法描写人物肖像,要注意合理地想象,即作者的想象要有依据,这样,读者看了以后就会信服。
82、比较描写法
有比较才能有鉴别。所以比较是反映人物特点的一种好方法。采用比较描写法,可以写出人物外貌与众不同的地方,这样读者看了以后就会留下深刻的印象;也可以写出人物的神情、态度与别人不同的地方,这样可以充分反映人物的性格特点,要注意客观地进行比较,不要故意贬其他人。
83、人物漫画法
漫画是用简单而夸张的手法来描绘生活时事的图画,一般运用变形、比拟、象征的方法来达到尖锐的讽刺效果,在描写人物肖像时,有时对人物的某一特点进行夸第描写,以充分反映人物的性格特点,往往能取到意想不到的效果。
采用人物漫画法时,要注意夸攻得适当、合理,这样读者看了有真实感,人物漫画一般用于对人物的贬斥或讽刺。
84、自我介绍法
要描写自己,首先要正确地认识自己,既要看到自己的优点,也要看到自己的不足,这样自我介绍时,就能做到实事求是描写自己,做到既不吹牛,也不自卑,要正确认识自己,还要知道别人怎样看自己,因此在平时要经常留心老师、父母、同学对自己的评价和议论。
其次,描写自己要抓住自己的最主要特点写,要对自己的过去进行回忆,找出自己的优点和缺点,然后抓住最主要的写。
85、结合时代法
时代不同,人物的外貌特点不同。例如清朝的男子,脑后都有一根长辫子;现代的男子一般是理西发或小平头,时代不同,人们的衣着打扮也不一样,旧社会的人穿着长袍、马褂;现代人穿中山装、甲克衫等等。
描写人物的肖像,要反映时代特色,人们生活的地域不同,生活习惯不一样,外貌、衣着、打扮也不一样,少数民族的打扮与汉族的打扮就大不一样,所以,描写人物的肖像还要注意地域性。
采用结合时代法描写人物肖像时,要把人物最具有时代特征和地域特点的外貌、衣着、打扮、形态描写出来。
86、步步深入法
步步深入法是肖像描写中的一种动态描写,也就是要写出人物外貌的发展、变化。因此采用步步深入法描写人物肖像要注意前后联系,做到前后描写,同中有异,这样,文章才能前后连贯。
步步深入法是在记叙人物活动时对人物的肖像进行描写,因此描写时要自然、恰当,不能使读者看了不协调的感觉。
据马海祥了解:步步深入法是分成几次描写人物肖像的,而且每一次的描写均有变化,因此在描写外貌前,要对变化的原因作必要地说明。
87、连续动作法
连续动作法一般用于描写一个人的动作过程,如跳高、跳远、游泳、切菜、烧饭、钓鱼、挑水等,描写连续动作时,要按动作的顺序依次进行描写,这样文章才能通顺、连贯;其次描写连续动作,要注意准确地使用动词。
88、交替叙述法
运用交替叙述法描写动作,主要有两种情况,一种是人与人之间的一对一比赛,如乒乓球比赛、下棋、摔跤、打羽毛球等;另一种是描写人和动物的争斗,如打虎、捉蟋蟀、钓鱼等。
采用交替叙述法描写双方的动作,首先要注意动作合拍,即防守一方的动作与进攻一方的动作对应;其次,要注意各自动作的连贯性,即每一方的动作都是连续的。
89、概括描写法
连续动作法和交替叙述法一般是把人物的每一个动作过程都描写出来,而概括描写法则并不把每一个动作过程都描写出来,而是抓住动作的特点进行概括描写。
采用概括描写法描写动作,要先对动作的全过程进行仔细观察,然后通过分析,总结出动作的特点,再进行描述,采用概括描写法描写比赛过程中的双方动作,要注意有总有分,有详有略。
90、天女散花法
天女散花法是场面描写的一种方法,采用天女散花法描写人物活动场面中的动作,首先要注意围绕一个中心来写,即每一个人的动作都要与确定的中心有关;其次所选择的动作要有代表性,这样,全篇文章才能有整体感。
马海祥提醒大家一点:采用天女散花法描写人物的动作,一般采用先总后分法,先介绍动作的起因,再分述不同人物的动作。
91、动作分解法
人物的一连串动作往往是一瞬间完成的,电影中,经常出现人物的慢动作,就是把人物的快动作慢慢地放映出来,使观众清晰地看到这种慢动作的方法。
采用慢动作法来描写人物的动作,首先要仔细观察人物动作的全过程,然后对动作的过程进行分解,看看人物的动作是怎样完成的,最后一步一步写下来,采用动作分解法描写人物动作时,要注意对人物的细小动作进行描写。
92、独白法
通常人们在激动、兴奋、得意、悲伤等心理状态下,虽然面前没有听话对象,有时也会说出话来。这些自言自语的话,有些是询问自己,有些是发议论等,总之,这些独白均表现出人物特定情势下的心态。
采用独白法描写人物心理,要做到自我解剖,直叙心曲,展示内心世界和感情的变化。运用独白描写,首先要符合人物的性格特征,什么人说什么话;其次,要选准人物独白的时机,符合人物当时所处的环境。
93、对话法
语言能反映人物的思想感情和性格特征,描写对话时首先要联系各人的思想感情、愿望,把说话人的心情、性格反映出来;其次要注意说话的内容要紧密联系,不能所答非所问。
此外,马海祥提醒大家要灵活运用提示语放在句首、句中、句尾以及省略提示语等四种描写语言的不同方式,使文章灵活多变。
94、直接描写法
直接描写法一般采用第一人称来描写人物的心理,采用直接描写法描写人物心理时,要把想什么、怎样想,为什么这样想写出来,这样才能直接刻画人物的心理活动过程。
其次,要把人物心理的发展变化过程写出来,这样读者看了以后,才有真实感。
95、回忆想象法
人们在痛苦的时候,往往会回忆美好的过去,盼望美好的日子重新回来,人们在困难的时候,也会回忆过去的苦难,激励自己奋勇前进。回忆想象法就是人物触景生情,激起对过去的回忆。
采用回忆想象法描写心理活动时,首先要把人物是在什么情况下想起过去交代清楚,这样文章的心理描写,就显得合情合理;其次,回忆过去时,要把生活中的具体情节描述出来,使文章前后呼应。
96、梦境幻觉法
俗话说:“日有所思,夜有所梦。”梦境和幻觉往往是现实的反映,我们在描写梦境和幻觉有现实的基础,文章中对梦境和幻觉的描写往往用来表现人物的理想或幻觉,因此描写梦境和幻觉时要写出人物的愿望和要求。
梦境和幻觉往往有一定声面,所以描写梦境和幻觉时,要把场面具体地写出来。
98、一事写人法
一事写人示是写人最基本的方法,采用一事写人法写人时首先要把事情的时间、地点、开始、经过、结果交代得清楚、明白;其次,要把事件的过程写得具体、完整。
此外,在叙事的过程中,要着重刻画人物的语言、行动和心理活动,这样,人物的思想品质就能得到充分表现,人物形象也就鲜明、突出,给读者留下的印象也就很深刻。
99、几事写人法
通过几件事写人,作者所选择的几个事例,可以是一件事表现人物某一方面的思想品质,全文连起来,表现一个人物几个方面的精神和品质;也可以几个事例紧紧围绕一个中心,表现人物某一方面的特点。
采用几事写人法写人时,首先要注意几件事的内容不能互相矛盾,人物的性格、特点在几件事中是和谐统一的。
其次要注意尽量用不同的事情反映人物的性格的不同侧面,类似的事情应避免重复出现。
此外,文章的开头和结尾要交代与这几件事的有关内容,或对人物作概括介绍。
第四写几件事时,可以按时间顺序;可以以某一事物为线索;也可以详写一件,略写几件;还可以按事情的分类排序。
100、对比写人法
任何事物,只有通过对比才能显出高低、大小、好坏、多少,写人也是如此,通过对比可以反映出先进和落后、高尚与卑贱,优秀和不良,对比写人法有两种:一种是同一个人前后相比,说明这个人的变化;另一种是一个人和另一个比,歌颂其中一个人或使另一个人受到教育。
采用对比法写人时,要注意突出主要人的和主要问题,做到主次分明,切不可喧宾夺主;其次,对比时要合情合理,不能采取故意拔高或贬低的方法,把好的捧上天,把差的贬入地,使人不可信,此外要注意前后照应。
篇2:大学生活计划英语作文
全文共 1520 字
+ 加入清单After passing the 20XX College Entrance Examination, I find my name in the enrolling list of Hechi college which many young people dream of. As a boy of 18, I am happy to go to such a famous university, so that I want to make my life colorful and fruitful in university. Heres my plan for university life:
Firstly, I am an adult of 18 years old, so I should learn to be independent, especially in my study. Teachers here will not keep an eye on me as they did in the middle school and parents will not take care of everything as they did in the past. Of course, study is my own business and priority. I will pay most of my attention to it. I think the autonomous learning is the most important for a college student. Besides, I will learn how to think of the questions critically and study my courses creatively.
Secondly, it is also important to set aside some time for relaxation because study shouldnt occupy all of my free time. I will develop my hobbies to enrich my experience and broaden my horizon. At the same time, I will participate in some associations to learn something outside of textbooks and get some understandings about society and the world.
Finally, I will make more friends on campus. It is an effective way to improve my communicative abilities and confidence. How to spend a fruitful and meaningful university life? Friends can help me because we can compete with each other, make progress together.
In short, I am looking forward to my life in university and I am sure it will be happy and fruitful.
篇3:大学英语作文环境污染
全文共 1198 字
+ 加入清单In this picture a man rudely opens a garbage can and violently throws all kinds of waste into it. however, the box is not an ordinary trash can, but is, as a matter of fact, the earth. it is where survive, breed, and prosper. but as the drawing indicates, earth does not receive an equal repayment. quite the contrary, one of the biggest "gifts" humans return to earth is an unbelievable amount of trash.the picture purposefully points out a kind of pollution that arouses little public attention, that is, garbage. the past century has witnessed an unprecedented increase in garbage output, most of it technological products that are difficult to be decomposed through natural processes, such as plastics and glass. furthermore, a recent report released that several major chinese cities are already surrounded by circles of trash in the suburban areas, polluting air, water, and earth.
Hence, the issue of waste pollution needs to be addressed as one of the priorities that demand social efforts. only through a holistic system of trash disposal can this problem be fully solved. moreover, we should advocate a more frugal lifestyle so as to reduce the growing scale of waste pollution.
篇4:2024英语作文写作指导之邮件
全文共 5691 字
+ 加入清单If you’re reading this, there’s a good chance that you have an email account. You may well have several – perhaps separate accounts for professional and personal contacts.
如果你正在阅读这篇文章,你肯定有一个或若干个甚至是不同帐号的私人或办公邮箱。
It’s easy to assume that we know how to use email effectively: it’s been around for long enough. But if you find yourself struggling to communicate effectively by email, these six tips should help:
邮件这样的沟通方式早已经渗入到了我们的生活工作中,因此可以说大多数人都能有效地使用邮件与他人交流。但如果你发现自己还没做得足够有效,我想以下这六点可以帮到你:
1. Start With an Appropriate Salutation
邮件开头称呼要恰当:
Some people jump straight into the text of an email without so much as a “hi”. It’s polite to add a salutation, just as you would with a letter. That might look like:
有些人写邮件不喜欢加称呼,甚至连简单的“你好”都忽略,直接开始正文内容。孰不知就像在传统的信件上一样,写上称呼是一种礼貌的象征。称呼可以这样写:
#Dear Sir/Madam 亲爱的先生/女士
#Dear Mr. Johnson 亲爱的约翰逊先生
#Hi Sue 苏,你好
#Hello Fred 你好,福瑞德
Your salutation needs to be appropriate. If you’re writing to a prospective employer, “Dear Mr. Johnson” is probably the best way to go. “Hi Bob” is going to look unprofessional.
称呼必须恰当。若邮件对象是你未来的上司,“亲爱的约翰先生”这样的称呼应该为最得体的。像“你好,鲍勃”更适用于随意的场合。
But don’t assume that formality is always the right answer. If you’re writing to a friend of a friend, using “Dear” plus their surname is going to seem oddly stilted.
那么,是不是正式的用语就万能呢?绝对不是。若你给你朋友的朋友写邮件,那用“亲爱的+姓”就显得异常别扭。
If in doubt, “Dear [first name]” will usually work just fine.
当你判断不出哪种场合该用什么称呼合适,你可以使用“亲爱的+名”来应付所有情况。
2. Get Straight to the Point
直奔主题
Your correspondent won’t want to wade through paragraphs of waffle – so get straight to the point. If you’re writing to someone out of the blue, don’t give them your life story before you make a request.
相信阅读你邮件的人不会愿意仔细浏览你那空洞无聊的长篇大论,所以你需要直奔主题。如果你想写封邮件安慰某个心灵受伤的朋友,开头先把你的建议亮出来,然后再用你的亲身经历来辅助说明。
Getting straight to the point might mean that the first line of your email (after the salutation) looks something like this:
直奔主题意味着邮件内容的第一行应该是这样:
#I’m working on an article about Acme Widgets for XYZ publication, and wondered if you had a few minutes to answer the following three questions.
我现在正在写一篇要交给某某出版社关于极致控件的文章,不知道您有没有时间回答3个问题呢?
#Could you supply me with a quote for the following project?
可否对下面的设计项目进行引证?
#I’d like to discuss the revisions with you. Would Tuesday at 2pm be a good time?
我想和你谈谈修订的事。这周二下午两点您有空吗?
#I’ve attached the documents you requested at our meeting yesterday.
昨天会议上您要求的文件已附上,请查收。
You may well need to include more details, but if you put the important point up front, your email is more likely to get a timely response. If your question comes too far down, the recipient may not even realise that you need a reply.
当然,你需要再增加更多的细节内容。若将邮件重点放到内容的开头,你将收到更加及时的回复信息。如果你的问题在邮件后头,收信人可能都不会意识到你在等他回复。
3. Keep it Short
内容言简意赅
try to keep your email as short as possible. Make the paragraphs short, too – long paragraphs can be difficult to read and take in.
尽可能将你的邮件内容写得简单明了。文章太长不易阅读和吸收。
Do make sure you give enough information for your correspondent to be able to make a decision, if that’s required. You might find that it’s best to offer this as an attachment – you’ll have more flexibility over formatting, and your correspondent can print out the attachment easily.
若对方需要通过你的邮件来做决策,那你一定要在邮件中将相关信息写完整。为了能更灵活地排版,你可以把这些信息作成附件形式,以方便对方将其打印出来。
4. Use Numbered Points
将内容编号
If you’ve got several questions or points to make, it’s very helpful to number them. This makes it easy for the other person to respond to each one, especially if some just require a yes/no response or a single word answer. For instance:
对于那些为了咨询或提供各种问题的邮件,最好将问题一点一点的列举出来,以便于他人对每个问题作答,尤其当某些人更倾向于对问题只回答“是”和“否”的时候。例如:
#Could you let me know:
能否告知:
#1. How much it would cost for the website design
1. 网站设计费用
#2. How much for the website design plus a tri-fold brochure
2. 网页设计加一份三页宣传册的费用
#3. Whether you could complete #2 by the end of April
3. 您能否在四月底完成第二点所述工作?
It’s also useful to list your questions or points as bullets in this way; if you write a single paragraph, some of your questions might get missed.
将你的问题或观点用图标的方式罗列出来是很实用的,倘若你用一段话将几个点全部涵盖,那对方有可能会漏看其中的几点。
5. Re-read and Use Spell-Check
重新阅读一遍,校对拼写错误
A typo or spelling mistake can turn one word into an entirely different one. If you’re using email in a professional capacity, that mistake could be embarrassing – or even offensive. It might alter the whole meaning of your email: a missing “not”, for instance, could potentially cause problems.
排版或拼写错误有时能导致对一个单词的误解。尤其当你用邮件来沟通专业性内容时,这样的错误就很尴尬,甚至有些失礼。它可能改变你整个邮件的意思。比如:少写了个“不”,就可能会引起某些问题。
Spell-check should help you avoid any silly mistakes – but use your eyes and brain too. There are plenty of words that spell-check won’t pick up. If you’re emailing from a device with predictive text and an auto-correct feature, make sure you always re-read what you’ve typed.
因此检查拼写将避免你犯这些低级错误,但这里强调——不仅仅用眼睛检查,还得用大脑思考。有些错误不一定能轻易检查出来。如果你的邮件系统有字句联想功能和自动纠错功能,一定要把写出来的内容再通读检查一遍。
6. Make Your Signature Useful
充分利用邮件签名
Do you have an email signature? (That’s the text that appears automatically at the bottom of your email.) Some people don’t use one at all; others have a funny quote or favorite saying.
你设置过邮件签名吗(它将会在你每次邮件内容的下方自动生成)?有些人从来都没有使用过它,但我们也看过一些非常有意思和哲理的签名。
Whether you’re using email for professional or personal reasons, make your signature useful for both you and your recipient. That might mean:
无论你是为了工作还是私人聊天,加注签名对你和邮件接收者都有好处,因为这意味着可以:
Giving the link to your website
加上你的网页链接
Including your work address and/or phone number
写上你的工作地址或电话号码
Adding links to your social media accounts
注上你的社会媒体工具帐号(例如博客,微博,论坛)
Putting in a line to promote your recent book / blog / product
宣传你最新的书籍,博文或产品
If your email provider allows it, you may even want to create several signatures to use for different purposes (e.g. one for emailing friends, one for new business contacts).
有些邮箱甚至还提供用户根据不同目的设计不同签名的服务(比如:一个对朋友使用,一个对新结识的企业伙伴使用)。
篇5:大学生活100字英语作文
全文共 428 字
+ 加入清单As we know, many people favor the idea that the college life is free and comfortable, but I’d like to say it’s not true。 As a matter of fact, my life in university is so busy that I wonder if my energy is enough。 As to my college life, I divide it into four parts, including study, student activities, library and the others。
我们知道,很多人认为大学生活是自由、舒适的,但我想说这不是真的。事实上,我的大学生活是如此的忙碌,以至于我都不知道我的能量是否足够。至于我的大学生活,我把它分为四个部分,包括学习,学生活动,图书馆和其他的。
篇6:大学生活的英语主题
全文共 1164 字
+ 加入清单For most university students, dormitory life is a new experience. Most students have never lived far away from their parents before coming to university. They have always had their parents to depend on for advice and guidance, and when they become university students, their lives begin to change.
There are striking difference between home life and dormitory life. Student must begin to be responsible for their own action. They must depend on themselves to get up in the morning on, time for class, to eat properly, to keep their clothes and themselves clean ,and to set aside an appropriate amount of time for study and relaxation. They must also learn to take care of their money, making sure to preserve enough for both necessities and for fun.
In general, there are both good and bad points about life in student dormitory. Often, dormitory?rooms are small and crowded. This lack of space can limit ones privacy and make it?difficult for students to concentrate on their studies. On the other hand, in a dormitory, student have a great deal more freedom than?they might have at home. They can act according to their own will and desire than to that of parents.
篇7:英语写作指导:英语作文常用句型
全文共 1162 字
+ 加入清单1. In general, I don’t agree with
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。
3. The chief reason why… is that…
4.There is no true that…
5. It is not true that…
6. It can be easily denied than…
7. We have no reason to believe that…
8. What is more serious is that…
9. But it is pity that…
10. Besides, we should not neglect that…
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…
13. Perhaps I was question why…
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but
16. What seems to be the trouble is…
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…
20. What these people fail to consider is that…
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration。
篇8:六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
全文共 526 字
+ 加入清单1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3.A and B differ in…
4.A differs from B in…
5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…
6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…
7.A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…
8.While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B…
9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…
11.The most striking difference is that A…, while B…
篇9:英语四级写作模板
全文共 386 字
+ 加入清单Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
篇10:中考英语阅卷老师看写作主要有三个标准
全文共 390 字
+ 加入清单1)结构2)内容要点 3)语言(词组搭配、句型、句式变化、过渡词)看结构和内容要点定分数档,看语言给成绩。这是中考英语阅卷的潜规则。 三段四步法——中考英语满分杀手锏 知己知彼,方能百战不殆,既然中考阅卷流程和内部标准已经明朗化,相对的策略也就顺利成章的形成了。现在和大家分享,笔者教学和阅卷过程中总结创立的写作满分秘诀。
1 “三段”(三个段落)——针对的阅卷老师先看文章结构和内容要点,让阅卷老师不得不给你定位一类文。 中高考情景是作文,无论是那种文体,都可以用三段法来表示。这个方法的起源是来自美国的“高考”SAT考试,(SAT是美国或它国学生想要申请美国大学必须参加的考试,故被叫过美国的高考)。 我们管这样的文章叫做HamburgerWriting(汉堡写作)
顾名思义,就是无论是记叙文、还是议论文、或者08年中考以及09一模西城的夹叙夹议文章,都可以通用。简单解释如下:
篇11:高考英语写作万能模版之对比观点题型
全文共 1747 字
+ 加入清单(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1. 有一些人认为......
2. 另一些人认为......
3. 我的看法
The topic of
①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of
②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more,
③-------------理由二). Moreover,
④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),
⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),
⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think
⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that
⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
(2) 给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that
①----------------(观点一). For example, they think
②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them
③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,
④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing,
⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that
⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).
阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲的要求进行论述.
1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.
2. 分析并举例使其更充实.
The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三).
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
篇12:大学英语读后感
全文共 1589 字
+ 加入清单the call of the wild in the beginnning, buck lived in a happly life . he was the lovely pet of the miller . he could get sufficient food everyday. however , happy time is always short . unluckily,he was stolen and sold to pay off a gambling debt. buck was taken to alaska and sold to a pair of french canadians who were impressed with his physique. they trained him as a sled dog, and he quickly learned how to survive the cold winter nights and the pack society by observing his teammates. buck was later sold again and passed hands several times, all the while improving his abilities as a sled dog and pack leader. there life was hard ,but he could feel the warmth given to him by thornton . so buck came to love him and grew devoted to him. i was deeply impressed by him .
however , at last, thornton was killed by indians . it was a pity . the world is dominated by those who are much stronger and more powerful than common people, and only the stronger ones could exist. this is the law of club and fang. buck gradually realizes the law and begins to obey the law after he is stolen and taken to the would. the savage environment which is full of tricks, dangers and deaths turns him to be more powerful and cunning. finally, he becomes the leader of his team. similar to the would, our society becomes crueler and crueler, and living in the society becomes
harder and harder. if you want to exist, to have a good life, you should be tough enough to stand the sufferings; you should keep alert, watch and learn; you should make yourself stronger than others. this is the law of living.
篇13:讨论大学生活英语作文
全文共 1495 字
+ 加入清单When I was young at high school,I couldnt stop dreaming about my college life again and again.Suffering too much pressure form college entrance test,I always admired college students for their relaxed life in college.
In my personal opinion,living in university is an enjoyment.Every day we can open our eyes naturally,and put on clothes in our own style without warring about teachers rigid control.Communicating with great master is no longer beyond our reach.Each course we take can be a feast for our mind and soul.After class,we will lead a rich and colorful life filled with various leisure activities such as .Library in university is another factor I pursue.I think its an access to enhancing our comprehensive abilities to read even just scan all sorts of
writings.Whats more,we will have so much disposable time that we can do whatever worthy.And our contact group will be extended signally via organizing and participating many activities.All in all,I once imagined that I can live a life that is substantial but meaningful.
However,I just have to admit that what I just describe is really dream.Now living in SD I cant figure out what I pursue and make a feasible career planning.So many young cynics in this schoolyard argue for something meaningless.Worse still,the academic atmosphere has already done with nothing left.I havent found a busy but rich thing to try my best.As a matter of fact,I even cant choose a lifestyle I prefer.What a tragedy it is between dream and reality.
篇14:初三年级英语作文:常用的十种句型
全文共 2340 字
+ 加入清单一、以形式主语it引导的句型。
句型1. It happened(chanced) that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. = sb. did sth. by chance. 如:
It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时,碰巧他不在。
句型2、It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done 如:(还有动词appear可这样使用)
It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.好象你以去过北京。
二、定语从句:
句型1、由as引导的非限定性的定语从句。如:
As we have known, he is a most good student.众所周知,他是个很好的学生。
句型2、由which引导的非限定性的定语从句。如:
He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming.
他是个教授,那是我一直盼望的职业。(因为先行词professor是表示职业的名词,因此引导词用which,而不用who。(注意:关于which和as之间的比较请看语法的定语从句部分。)
三、让步状语从句
句型1、No matter what / which / who / where / when /
whose+从句,+主句。注意从句中的时态一般情况用一般现在时态。如:
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
四、条件状语从句
句型1、When / So long as / As long as / Once +从句,+主句。(从句也可以放在主句之后。)如:
As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你给我一些钱,我就让你走。
句型2、主句+on condition that+从句。如:
I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱。
句型3、主句+unless+从句.(注意:由于unless本身是否定词,所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定。)如:
I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.我明天去那儿除非下雨。
五、原因状语从句
句型1、主句+in case+从句。(in case表示以免)如:
I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣带上以免下雨。
句型2、主句+due to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +从句。如:
He did not come to school because of the fact that he was
ill.由于他有病了,所以没有来上学。
六、时间状语从句
句型1、When / While / As +从句,+主句。(关于它们之间的区别请看语法。)如:
When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.当我在农村时,我常常给你打水。
句型2、主句+after / before +从句. 如:
They hadn’t been married four months before they were
devoiced.他们绘结婚不到四个月就离婚了。
We went home after we had finished the work.我们做完此工作就回家了。
七地点状语从句
句型1、Where +从句,+主句. 如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.哪里没有雨水,种庄稼是很难的或者是不可能的。
句型2、Anywhere / wherever+从句,+主句. 如:
Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.无论我去哪儿,我的妻子也去哪儿。
八、目的状语从句
句型1、主句+in order that / so that +从句.如:www.yingyuzuowen.cn
I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早,以便能赶上早班车。
九、结果状语从句
句型1、主句+so that+从句. 如:
It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气很冷,因此河水结冰了。
句型2、So+形容词/ 副词+特定动词+主语+…+that+从句.
So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.这本书那么有趣,我想再读一遍。
十、比较状语从句
句型1、The +形容词比较级……,(主句)the +形容词比较级+……如:
The sooner you do it, the better it will be.越早越好。
句型2、主语+谓语+as +形容词原级+as +被比较的对象. 如:
He is as busy as a bee.他非常忙。
希望以上的初中英语句型可以帮你在写作上解决一个大忙。
篇15:大学新生入学英语自我介绍
全文共 3075 字
+ 加入清单My name is liu * *, for the sake of the name, I used to call themselves the Internet the queen of the "star". Do not think I am too mad, because the stars themselves both ordinary and flash, so I like them. One of the numerous stars, of course, also want to be. If one day, you met online a girl named "star dance", it must be me - 11 years old, monkey, virgo to choose a suitable text book
Of course, I have like stars very ordinary appearance: small eyes - but very bright. Neither tall nor short nose; Not big not too small mouth. Fair skin, a long or a short horsetail plait, stuck high in my brain, flash flash, very naughty to choose a suitable text book, but I have my hair cut short now, mother to)
My hobby is widespread, such as: music, microcomputer, aoshu, choose a suitable text book of English ha ha, there is a you sure cant think of! To tell you the truth, that is, space exploration, such as: Stonehenge, crop circles, alien to choose a suitable text book in a word, I like all of the unknown things. I like music, especially since 6 years old I began to play the piano, less than nine years old, I was out of the piano level 6. Whenever I bounce
Mendelssohns "boat song of Venice, I as if place oneself in a ripple on the boat on the water, the surrounding silence, moonlight, like mercury, scattered on the surface of the flash, good beautiful, choose a suitable text book
I also love the guitar, just learned two lessons, I began to play the chords. Now I have learned many years ago, "walk" "red river valley" "childhood", etc.
A lot of beautiful sounds of music to choose a suitable text book
You have to ask why I love this music, in fact, I dont know. But, when I am in the rhythm of the music, I felt a great deal of enjoyment.
I also like the Olympic math, because it can develop my intelligence, makes me on the head turn, turn. Difficult as past castle, although it is difficult to overcome, but as long as I use your head, you can feel the joy of success. Of course, there must be less than America and China, my shortcomings is very sloppy, every day to find things at home, watch on today, tomorrow to find, everything all over the place. Alas! The family and I cant, dont look at me in the life is very careless, but I dont careless, to solve the problem. I can check each question carefully. , however, and the occasional careless like that I do, because not serious topic, papers clearly demand reduction ratio, I have made for ratio! Worse, dizzy, abbreviation! Just because of this, the teacher gave me a buckle 4 points. After this lesson several times, I must be in the future to correct this bad habit, sloppy bull is not blown oh! Believe me!
Paint bottom like me? In the future there will be three years of time to test and verify. I really really want to do the north star - the brightest the star sky, of course, this need me to pay a huge effort.
The above is my personal introduction, hope in the next three years, the teacher and the students get along well, and the teacher the students were rushed through the difficulties!
篇16:大学英语社团自我介绍
全文共 662 字
+ 加入清单Good morning ladies and gentlemen!I am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .First of all , my chinese name is XX and my english name is XX .I am XX years old. I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of English.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about XX . Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.It is my long cherished dream to be a member of English . I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.
That’s all. Thank you for giving me this chance.
篇17:我的大学生活英语
全文共 1421 字
+ 加入清单In my understanding, if we refer to an ideal college life as a formal western dinner, then a high GPA, that is, Grade Point Average, should be the main course, while an active part in activities, together with associations, means the appetizer. Some romances, of course, play the role as desserts. They are the 3 key elements for an ideal college life.
Those, however, are not what college life is all about. As we all know, college is wildly different from middle school. It connects not only adolescence to adulthood, but also the ivory tower to the real society. Therefore, the ideal college life is that I become matured both physically and mentally, and that I obtain qualified academic knowledge and get well prepared for society at the same time.
Under this circumstance, I never expect my college life to be too ideal, or you can call it too perfect. It is not realistic to make all things on my own way, with everyone liking me, winning the first prize all the time, and so on. Of course, I’d like to lead a carefree life. However, this does little good to my future. What really helps is hardships like failure, betrayal, and unjust treatment. Only after experiencing those can I know what society is like, and what life is like.
To conclude my speech, I wanna say, some positive experiences are surely part of the ideal college life. But, I should not forget about the negative sides. They are not less necessary.
篇18:高考英语写作句型素材汇总
全文共 4515 字
+ 加入清单一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻,...
3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......
4.As the proverb says, 正如谚语所说的,
5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到,...
6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问,无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单,所以……
5.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…
6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......
7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外,我们坚持认为,...
8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而,困难在于…
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样,我们要注意...
10.not(that)...but(that)...不是,而是
11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即 …
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此,我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此,在我看来,更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是,....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
四.举例句型
1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of….
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说,我不能同意他们的意见,理由如下。
2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来,……一直被视为……,但今天的情况有很大的不同。
3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的,因为…
4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….
5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。
6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展,越来越多…
7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论,是否…
8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言,我完全同意前者/后者。
10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前,我想有必要看看双方的论据。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……,但一般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...,但以下是最典型的。
3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的可能是最有效的。
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows.
八 因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。
篇19:八、因果推理法常用句型
全文共 576 字
+ 加入清单1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2.If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3.We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot.
4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot.由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。
5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。
篇20:中考英语写作素材积累:必备句子
全文共 20184 字
+ 加入清单下面是语文迷网为大家整理提供的中考英语写作经常用到的句子,希望对你有帮助。
1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和**.
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。
11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。
16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。
17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。
21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。
26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。
27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。
28. This is a matter of life and death——a matter no country can afford to ignore.
这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。
29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者,有如下理由:
30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。
31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.
这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。
32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.
尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。
33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。
34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.
考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。
35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。
36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.
尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。
37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.
在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。
38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。
39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。
40. This issue has caused wide public concern.
这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。
41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
必须指出学习只能靠自己。
42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.
许多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。
43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:
就我而言,我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点,有以下原因:
44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.
人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。 45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.
即使最优秀的毕业生,要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。
46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.
人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化,近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。
47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.
一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。
49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.
对大多数人来讲,退休以后,阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。
50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说,找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的,正如那句老话:活到老,学到老。
51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.
对于大学或高中生打工这一现象,校园里进行着广泛的争论。
52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作,学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力,而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
53. Although people‘s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.
近几十年,尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变,但必须承认,由于学费和书费日益飞涨,资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。
54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.
因此,业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。
55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
通过上面的讨论,我们不难得出结论:业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响,我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作,这将有利于学生和他们的家庭,甚至整个社会。
56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
现在,越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。
57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.
人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适,减少了大量劳动。
58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.
同时,随着这些机器带给我们的好处,员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。
59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.
第二方面,失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。
61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.
根据最近的一项调查,越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。
63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
通过以上讨论,我完全相信,随着现代社会的进步,幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。
64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
近些年,国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。
65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.
许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用,应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。
66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。
67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:
就我而言,我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制,理由如下:
68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
另外,为了吸引旅游者,大量人工设施被修建,这对环境是不利的。
69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.
由于缺乏独特的文化,一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此,国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。
70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.
近些年,父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。
71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.
这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。
72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.
许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点,通过学习,他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识,当他们长大后,这些对他们就业是大有好处的。
73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
首先,额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出,孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后,从事一些体育活动,而不是额外的学习,是非常重要的。
74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.
孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期,缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。
75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.
第二,从心理上讲,大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。
76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.
当别的孩子在玩耍的时候,很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。
77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
而且,由于要额外地学习,孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流,很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。
78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:尽管额外学习的确有很多优点,但它的缺点不可忽视,且远大于它的优点。因此,放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。
79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.
现在,父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。
81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.
父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。
82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.
然而,这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑,他们指出,孩子总是呆在家里,和父母在一起,是不健康的。
83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.
尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力,但是必须承认,与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比,他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。
84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出如下结论:尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的,但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。
85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园,这将对孩子,家庭,甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。
86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
只要一提起艺术和文化项目,一些政府领导就会兴奋不已,他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园,城市中心漂亮的雕塑,还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中,没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。
87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.
这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上,基础设施建设非常重要,应该放在首位。
88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.
那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客,这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。
89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.
然而,很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。
90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.
通过以上讨论,我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面,基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。
91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点,将会付出他们无法承受的代价。
92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势,这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。
93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.
一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入,而且能学到一些新技术。
94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.
必须指出,农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加,并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。
95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献,然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。
96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.
许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场,他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。
97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验,知识和信息,这些将有助于发展农村经济。
98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.
总之,我们应理智考虑这一问题,重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.
尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分,然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。
100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.
我认为,首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。