大学英语写作常用句型汇集20篇

改写，就是把原有的一篇文章改变形式、长短的一种写作类型。下面是英语写作基础改写病句的技巧，欢迎参考阅读！

改写，包括改写、缩写、扩写、写摘要等多种形式：或改头换面，或削足适履，或海阔天空，或归纳总括，让你有足够的内容、机会和样式适应要求，施展才华。

改写是用不同形式表达同一内容的方法，使之成为与原文意思相同而表现方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文语句的内容。比如，我们可以把对话改写成散文，可以把记叙文变成通讯报导、新闻特写，反之亦然。

缩写是根据词数、字数的要求对原文加以压缩、概括，从而达到缩短篇幅、简化内容、突出中心等目的的写作形式。简言之，缩写是原文的“高度浓缩”。缩写时要忠实于原文，保留原文体裁、题材、主要内容、主要思想、结构顺序、语言风格、人称视角和表现方法等；既要使篇幅缩短，结构紧凑，又要使内容简明扼要，重点突出；不能对原文加入个人的认识、体会或对原文进行评论，也不能加入原文中没有的内容。

扩写则与缩写相反，是把篇幅短小的内容扩展成为篇幅较长的文章。扩写时，可以施展个人的想像力，在不离原文核心内容的前提下海阔天空，任意发挥，从而使细节更加充实、生动，使情节更加具有感染力，使解释、说明、论证更加充分有力。

摘要是一篇文章或一本书的梗概，多指论文或报告内容的提要。一些期刊、杂志上论文的“提要”、“摘要”，某些报纸、杂志在一篇文章前面写的“编者按”，一本书的前言等均属此列。写摘要就是简明扼要地向读者介绍一篇文章，一本书，一篇论文或一个报告的主要内容，使读者用较少的时间阅读后，能了解文章或书的来龙去脉。摘要可以改变体裁。写摘要时，笔者可以用原文的人称、语气、也可以用第三人称，即笔者的语气，但是不能改变原文的事实和观点，也不能丢掉原文的要点，应写成连贯的文章而不能写成提纲。

总之，改写、缩写、扩写、摘要都是对原有的文章进行适合某种需要的裁剪或放大，选取原文的精要而和盘托出，对其要点和实质容不得偷换和贪污。这些写作形式对学习写作的学生来说，是一种练习综合分析、归纳概括能力的好方法；对成人来说，是工作中的很好的帮手。

一个作家可以把一本小说改写成剧本，把一则简短的消息扩展为一部短篇或长篇小说；一名记者可以把一段会谈改写成一篇通讯报导或特写；一个编辑可以把收到的稿件根据版面大小或缩或扩写成适当的文章；我们在听领导人、某方面的专家做报告时要作点笔记，然后写出摘要文章；我们写成一篇论文后，可以给它写一段简短的摘要，等等。这些都是人们在生活、工作中必不可少的书面表达形式。所以，学会这些写作技巧，能使我们适应各方面的需要。

1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)

46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice

56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …

66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth

67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to…

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

导语：单词是英语的基础，备考英语四级一定要先把必备的词汇学会。下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

enough/ i’nΛf/ a.足够的 ad.足够地

enquire/ in’kwai?/ vi.vt. 询问

enquiry/ / n. 询问

ensure/ in’?u?/ vt.保证;保护;赋予

entertain/ ent?’tein/ vt.使欢乐;招待

enthusiasm/ in’θju:zi?z?m/ n.热情，热心，热忱

entitle/ in’taitl/ vt.给…权利(或资格)

entry/ ‘entri/ n.入口处;登记;进入

environment/ in’vai?r?nm?nt/ n.环境，外界;围绕

envy/ ‘envi/ vt.&n.妒忌;羡慕

equal/ ‘i:kw?l/ a.相等的;平等的

equality/ i(:)’kw?liti/ n.等同，平等;相等

equation/ i’kwei??n/ n.方程(式);等式

equip/ i’kwip/ vt.装备，配备

equipment/ i’kwipm?nt/ n.装备，设备，配备

equivalent/ i’kwiv?l?nt/ a.相等的;等量的

era/ ‘i?r?/ n.时代，年代;纪元

erect/ i’rekt/ vt.建造;使竖立

error/ ‘er?/ n.错误，谬误;差错

escape/ is’keip/ vi.逃跑;逸出 n.逃跑

especially/ is’pe??li/ ad.特别，尤其，格外

bear vt.容忍;负担;生育

beard n.胡须，络腮胡子

beast n.兽，野兽;牲畜

beat vt.&vi.打，敲;打败

beautiful a.美的，美丽的

beef n.牛肉;菜牛

beg vt.&vi.乞求;请求

beggar n.乞丐，穷人

behalf n.利益，维护，支持

behave vi.表现，举止;运转

behavior n.行为，举止，态度

being n.存在;生物;生命

belief n.信任，相信;信念

believe vt.相信;认为

bell n.钟，铃，门铃;钟声

belong vi.属于，附属

beloved a.为…的爱的 n.爱人

belt n.带，腰带;皮带;区

bench n.长凳，条凳;工作台

bend vt.使弯曲 vi.弯曲

beneath prep.在…下方

beneficial a.有利的，有益的

benefit n.利益;恩惠;津贴

berry n.浆果(如草莓等)

beside prep.在…旁边

besides ad.而且prep.除…之外

bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌

betray vt.背叛;辜负;泄漏

beyond prep.在…的那边

Bible n.基督教《圣经》

bill n.账单;招贴;票据

billion num.万亿(英)

bind vt.捆绑;包扎;装钉

biology n.生物学;生态学

birthday n.生日，诞生的日期

biscuit n.(英)饼干;(美)软饼

bite vt.咬，叮，螫;剌穿

bitter a.痛苦的;严寒的

bitterly ad.苦苦地;悲痛地

blade n.刀刃，刀片;叶片

blame vt.责备，把…归咎于

blank a.空白的 n.空白

blanket n.毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯

blast n.爆炸，冲击波 vt.炸

blaze n.火;闪光 vi.燃烧

bleed vi.出血，流血;泌脂

blend vt.&vi.&n.混和

bless vt.为…祝福

blind a.瞎的;盲目的

block n.街区 vt.堵塞，拦阻

bloom n.花;开花，开花期

blossom n.花，开花 vi.开花

blow vi.吹，吹动;吹响

boast vi.自夸 vt.吹嘘

bold a.大胆的;冒失的

bolt n.螺栓;插销 vt.闩门

bomb n.BoB!!! vt.轰炸

bond n.联结，联系;公债

bone n.骨，骨骼

boot n.靴子，长统靴

booth n.货摊;公用电话亭

border n.边，边缘;边界

bore vt.使厌烦;钻，挖

born a.天生的;出生的

bosom n.胸，胸部;内心

boss n.老板，上司 vt.指挥

bother vt.烦扰，迷惑 n.麻烦

bough n.树枝

bounce vi.反跳，弹起;跳起

bound a.一定的;有义务的

boundary n.分界线，办界

bow n.弓;蝴蝶结;鞠躬

bowl n.碗，钵;碗状物

box n.箱，盒;包箱;拳击vi.打拳

brain n.脑，脑髓;脑力

brake n.闸，刹车 vi.制动

branch n.树枝;分部;分科

brand n.商品;烙印 vt.铭刻

brandy n.白兰地酒

brass n.黄铜;黄铜器

breadth n.宽度，幅度;幅面

breathe vi.呼吸 vt.呼吸

breed n.品种 vt.使繁殖

breeze n.微风，和风

brick n.砖，砖块;砖状物

brief a.简短的;短暂的

brighten vt.使发光;使快活

brilliant a.光辉的;卓越的

brim n.边，边缘;帽沿

brisk a.活泼的;清新的

bristle n.短而硬的毛;鬃毛

Britain n.不列颠，英国

British a.不列颠的，英联邦的

brittle a.脆的;易损坏的

broadcast n.广播，播音

broken a.被打碎的，骨折的

bronze n.青铜;青铜制品

brood n.同窝幼鸟 vt.孵(蛋)

brook n.小河，溪流

broom n.扫帚

brow n.额;眉，眉毛

brown n.褐色，棕色

bruise n.青肿，伤痕;擦伤

brush n.刷子，毛刷;画笔

导语：当夜幕降临，我站在台阶上倾听；星星蜂拥在花园里，而我站在黑暗中。听，星星颗颗落地作响！满地都是那美丽的碎片。以下是小编整理我梦想的大学英语作文的资料，欢迎阅读参考。

The building there is a beautiful one. Aerial garden ” Looking over the horizon, buildings rise up, white and white houses, hidden in the green trees. A neat and elegant villa, surrounded by mountains and rivers. The house was surrounded by flowers and trees. It is also an environmentally friendly home. The emissions of cars in this home are not carbon dioxide, but oxygen. People never use disposable lunch boxes, chopsticks, which protect nature and the environment. Abandoned things have been reused and turned into treasure. And every house we have here is built with what people dont need, beautiful and environmentally friendly. On the main street, all kinds of environment-friendly cars flow, the road is spotless. To see trash can, is no longer ago that stink, shabby iron bucket, it is a beautiful and lovely robot dog, it can classify the trash, then cant recycle waste into usable energy.

The garden is like a fairyland, you step near the garden little stone road, see a cloud float, you step on the white cloud as it floats in the garden. The sky was also blue, and the water was clear, and the grass was very green, and the people of the mountain were particularly close. There is a delicate pavilion in the garden; It has the symbol of rural scenery. Throughout the heights &; ; There are the lake in the west lake in the autumn moon, lei fengs New Year photo, there is a replica of the scenic spot of suzhou lion forest; There are imitations of ancient poets and painters, such as penglai yaotai and wuling spring colors. Every garden there is as beautiful as the old Summer Palace.

On the highway there, cars of no pollution sped by. Along the road, countless trees rushed into the sky. People have done it. Artificial fog bottle ” Hang it on the tree, turn on the switch, and the mist swirl and white. If someone is trying to cut a tree, it will blow out a fog that the human eye cant see, and stop people from cutting trees.

The scenery is beautiful. In the vast boundless desert, at the age of beautiful, auspicious light, gurgling streams, niaoyuhuaxiang, it away from the noise of the secular, close to the peace of the kingdom, get rid of the sand, earth toward wonderland is quiet and tastefully laid out, this is a arcadia, is the leading edge of Buddha soil, is bordering area of the heaven and earth.

Oasis existing residents more than 50 people, harmonious, felt, respectively from mainland China, Taiwan, Canada, the United States, Germany, New Zealand and Africa, Zimbabwe, their nature, honest, kind and gentle, versatile, intelligent and wise, womens gentle, YiYun elegant, beautiful man more handsome and resolute, the bone immortal wind, among them through the flowers all day, walking in the mountains, bathing Yu Zixia, game in laughter. Indifferent, selfish, jealous, resentful and insulate; Lively, mutual love, tolerance, diligence is their temperament. The world is better than one. There is no constitution, no law, no responsibility, no obligation, no President, no Pope, no wizard, all natural harmony.

It was so beautiful, so beautiful. That is the green home of my dream.

那里的楼房是一个美丽的“空中花园”，放眼望去，一栋栋高楼拔地而起，粉白相间的房，掩映在层层的绿树中。整齐优雅的别墅，依山傍水。房屋四周，花团锦簇，绿草如茵。这也是一个环保的家园。在这个家园里所行驶的汽车排放的气体不是二氧化碳，而是氧气。人们从不用一次性饭盒、筷子，即保护了大自然，也保护了环境。废弃的东西都被人们重新利用起来，变废为宝。还有我们这里的每一座房子，也是用人们不需要的东西搭建起来的，美观而又环保。而大街上，各种环保节能的轿车川流不息，路面竟也一尘不染。再看垃圾桶，不再是以前那种臭气冲天、破烂不堪的铁皮桶，而是一只漂亮可爱的大机器狗，它能把垃圾分门别类，然后把不能回收的垃圾转化成可利用的能量。

那里的花园如仙境一般，你一踏近花园小石子路，只见一朵祥云飘来，你踏上白云随这它在花园飘来飘去。天格也外的蓝，水格也外的清，草也格外的绿，长山的人格外的亲。花园中有晶巧玲珑的楼阁亭台；有象征农村景色的“山庄”；有杭州西湖的平湖秋月、雷峰夕照，有仿照苏州狮子林的风景名胜；有仿照古代诗人、画家的诗情画意建造的，如蓬莱瑶台、武陵春色。那里的每个花园都跟以前的圆明园一样美丽。

那里公路上，一辆辆无污染汽车飞驰而过。公路边，无数的树木冲入云霄。人们做出了“人造雾瓶”，把它挂在树上，打开开关，顿时雾气缭绕，一片白茫茫。如果有人要砍树人造雾瓶就会喷出一种人眼无法看清的雾，制止人乱砍树。

哪里的风景也很美。在茫茫无际的荒漠洲，终年风和日丽，祥光笼罩，溪流淙淙，鸟语花香，它远离世俗的喧嚣，接近天国的安详，摆脱了尘世的风沙，趋向仙境的幽雅，这里是一处世外桃源，是佛土的前沿地带，是天堂和人间的接壤区域。

绿洲现有居民50多人，和谐友爱，亲如一家，分别来自中国大陆、台湾、加拿大、美国、德国、新西兰和非洲津巴布韦，他们天性淳朴，善良敦厚，多才多艺，聪颖睿智，女子多温柔美丽、逸韵优雅，男子多英俊刚毅、道骨仙风，他们整天穿梭于鲜花丛中，徜徉在青山绿水，沐浴于紫霞映照，游戏在欢声笑语。冷漠、自私、嫉妒、愤恨与他们绝缘；活泼、互爱、宽容、勤奋是他们的禀性。尘世千年好，不如禅院一日仙。那里没宪法、没有法律、没有责任、没有义务、没有总统、没有教皇、没有法师，一切自然和谐，顺理成章。

那的一切那么美好，那么美丽。那里就是我心中梦想的环保家园。

英语字母教学作为英语学习的基础，是小学英语教学中重要一环，这一阶段的教学，教师应给予足够的重视，通过各种教学组织形式使这一阶段的学习得以很好的落实。学好26个字母对以后单词的学习起着至关重要的作用。因此，在学习字母阶段，我们要利用一切可利用的资源，创设情境，让学生和字母交朋友、做游戏。

一、字母读音教学

1. 注重示范发音的正确性

字母发音直接影响着学生单词的发音，而且学生错误的发音一旦形成就很难再纠正。因此教师在教学字母之前一定要多听录音，纠正好自己的发音。在课堂教学中教师要让学生听磁带跟读，观察他们的口形，并鼓励模仿得好的学生示范领读，帮助其他同学纠正发音。

2. 把握学生的发音难点

受各地方方言的影响，学生对字母的发音往往会出错。比如：南方人容易把A读成/e/。因此，教师要把握好学生方言发音难点，预先采取各种教学方法防止错误发音的出现。

3. 强化个别字母教学

尽管许多学生对字母有了一定程度的掌握，但大多数学生都没有进行过系统的字母学习，中间难免存在着许多似是而非的现象。例如学生对GgJj两个字母的读音容易混淆，对Uu和Ii这两个字母的发音不到位。教师在教学中应针对这种情况加强这几个字母的训练。

4. 注重读音归类教学

把字母按读音进行分类是字母读音教学的一个重要任务，也是学生觉得有一定难度的一项内容。为了使学生能更好得掌握，教师可采用分家游戏的方法，按家族将26个字母进行分类记忆。首先将字母划分为七个家族，再对号入座，最终编成一首音素家族chant 帮助学生记忆：

A、H、J、K 是A 家族，A，A是族长。

E的家族有八位，BCDE，GPTV，E，E是族长。

/e/ 的家族没有族长，它的成员有七位，FLMN，SX 和Z。

U 的家族有三位，UQW，U，U是族长。

I 的家族有两位，IY，I，I是族长。(手势指着自己)

R 和O单独住，它们自己是族长。

5. 注重语音暗线的铺垫

在三年级下册学生用书中，字母读音和字母例词的安排是一条语音暗线，教师教学时要努力让学生掌握字母的正确读音，并初步感知字母在例词中的读音，为以后学习语音奠定基础。比如讲到字母Ee时，例词是egg，elepghant，教师可突出字母E的发音。英语有48个国际音标，如果学生能在学习 26个字母的同时掌握与此相关的26个音素，将会为以后的语音学习打好基础。

二、字母书写教学

字母的书写过程要一步步进行：先观察性状，再观察笔顺、占格情况，然后书空，使用活动手册进行描红，最后达到仿写。

1. 字母认读的教学

字母的书写首先要求学生能正确区分一些形近的字母。有些字母可以通过猜谜的方法让学生记住它们的形状特点。例如：弯弯的月牙(C)、一条小蛇 (S)、三叉路口(T)、1加3(B)、一座宝塔(A)、胜利的象征(V)、大号鱼钩(J)、一张弓(D)、一扇小门(n)、一棵小苗(r)、一把椅子 (h)。这些谜语既能让学生记住字母的形，又能激发学生的学习兴趣。同时，还可以让学生自编谜语学习字母，充分发挥学生的想象能力。另外，还可以将字母的一部份遮住，让学生根据漏出来部分来猜字母。

2. 字母书写的教学

字母的书写是小学生的一个薄弱环节。小学的英语书写一定要求学生做到严格遵照书写规范，教师绝对不能马虎。因为英语字母有印刷体和书写体之分，所以容易使学生在书写时发生混淆，教师在教学时应多在这方面进行强调。

(1)笔顺教学

教师要充分利用多媒体设施让学生仔细观察字母的笔画和笔顺。正确的笔顺在活动手册的描红练习中有正确的示范。但有时学生会受到汉语拼音笔顺的影响，错误书写字母，因此教师要对容易出错的笔顺进行比较细致的指导。如i和j都是后加点，t先写钩，H先两竖等。建议教师不妨采用汉语拼音的教法，使用一些形象的比喻，帮助学生理解记忆书写规则，防止笔画出错。比如：H是一双筷子拴根线，j是海豹顶皮球，i是小海狮头上顶个球，t是伞把带开关等。

(2)格式教学

字母的占格同样是字母书写教学中的一个教学难点，尤其是当字母的大小写混在一起的时候，学生很容易混淆。这样，教师要先清楚示范，提醒学生注意并总结字母占格的规律。同时，教师还可以借助儿歌帮助学生掌握字母的占格规律。如：英语书写，四线三格，大写字母一二格，上不顶线是原则;小写字母认准格，上面有 ‘辫’一二格，下面有‘尾’二三格，无‘辫’无‘尾’中间格;i，t中上一格半。在学生掌握了字母的占格规律后，还要通过活动手册上的描红来加强练习。这里要注意的是，到一定阶段的时候，教师要让学生能在没有四线格的一条线上，甚至是没有任何线的白纸上也能正确地表示出字母的书写格式。

三、操练

字母操练我们还可以采用游戏的形式。

1. What’s missing?游戏

学了几个字母以后，把字母卡片放在一起让学生认读，然后抽去其中的一张，让学生寻找：What’s missing?此时，学生注意力高度集中，急于表现自己，识记的效果就会很好。

2. 左邻右舍游戏

学生准备好已经学过的字母卡片，教师出示一个字母，让学生找出它的左邻右舍，请找到的几个学生快速把字母拿到讲台上站在相应的位置上，其余的学生一起认读这几个字母。

3. Make letters游戏

让学生用肢体动作表示不同的字母，或让学生用火柴棒拼出不同字母的形状。

The Spring Festival, the most important festival to Chinese. Is China the biggest, the most lively, one of the most important ancient traditional festivals, is also unique to Chinese festival.

Festival, is the beginning of the lunar calendar, another name is called New Years day, Spring Festival is the biggest, the most lively, China one of the most important ancient traditional festivals, is also unique to Chinese festival. Is the most concentrated expression of Chinese civilization. Since the western han dynasty, the custom of Spring Festival continues today. The Spring Festival, generally refers to New Years eve and the first day. But in private, in the traditional sense of the Spring Festival is from the Greek festival of the day or month, 23 or 24 people, until the fifteenth, among them with New Years eve and the first day of the first lunar month. How to celebrate this holiday, in one thousand years of history development, formed some relatively fixed customs and habits, there are a lot of handed down also. During the traditional festival, the Spring Festival of the han nationality in our country and most of ethnic minorities have to hold various celebration activities, these activities are to worship deities, worshiping ancestors, blow away the cobwebs, meet jubilee blessing, pray for good harvest as the main content. Form rich and colorful, activities with strong ethnic characteristics. On May 20, 2006, "Spring Festival" folk have been approved by the state council listed in the first batch of state-level non-material cultural heritage list.

The origin of the Spring Festival has a legend, the Chinese ancient times have a kind of call "year" monster, head long feelers, fierce abnormalities. "Year" the elder deep in the bottom of the sea, every New Years eve just climbed out, swallowed cattle damage lives. Therefore, every New Years eve that day, the people of CunCunZhaiZhai could flee to the mountains, to escape the "year" animal damage. One NianChuXi, from the village outside a begging the old man. Folks a hurried panic scene, only the east village, an old woman gave the old man some food, and urged him quickly up the hill avoid "year" beast, the old man stroked his beard say with smile: "mother-in-law if let me stay overnight in the home, I must have" years "beast." Old woman continue to persuasion, begging the old man smiling without a word. At midnight, "nian" beast into the village. It found the village atmosphere unlike previous years, village east wifes husbands family, the door stick red paper, candle lit the room. "Year" beast was a shake, long a sound. Nearly the door, hospital suddenly spread "banging spluttered" Fried sound, "nian" shuddered, again dare not go up. Originally, "year" the most afraid of red, fire and exploding. At this time, her mother-in-laws door open and saw hospital a red-robed man laughed. "Year" frightened to disgrace, mess up. The next day is the first day, the people of refuge back very surprised to see the village safe. At this point, the old woman was suddenly enlighted, quickly spoke to the fellow villagers begging the old mans promise. This matter quickly spread around the village, people know driven "years" beast approach. (the legend of hakka) from then on, every year New Years eve, families paste red couplets, firecrackers; Household candle lit, keeping stay by age. Beginning in the early morning, still walk close bunch of congratulate friends say hello. This custom spread more widely, Chinese the most solemn of the folk traditional festival.

春节，中国人最重要的节日。是中国最盛大、最热闹、最重要的一个古老传统节日，也是中国人所独有的节日。

节，是农历的岁首，春节的另一名称叫过年，是中国最盛大、最热闹、最重要的一个古老传统节日，也是中国人所独有的节日。是中华文明最集中的表现。自西汉以来，春节的习俗一直延续到今天。春节一般指除夕和正月初一。但在民间，传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三或二十四的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。如何过庆贺这个节日，在千百年的历史发展中，形成了一些较为固定的风俗习惯，有许多还相传至今。在春节这一传统节日期间，我国的汉族和大多数少数民族都有要举行各种庆祝活动，这些活动大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。活动形式丰富多彩，带有浓郁的民族特色。2006年5月20日，“春节”民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

春节的来历有一种传说，中国古时候有一种叫“年”的怪兽，头长触角，凶猛异常。“年”长年深居海底，每到除夕才爬上岸，吞食牲畜伤害人命。因此，每到除夕这天，村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼逃往深山，以躲避“年”兽的伤害。有一年除夕，从村外来了个乞讨的老人。乡亲们一片匆忙恐慌景象，只有村东头一位老婆婆给了老人些食物，并劝他快上山躲避“年”兽，那老人捋髯笑道：“婆婆若让我在家呆一夜，我一定把‘年’兽撵走。”老婆婆仍然继续劝说，乞讨老人笑而不语。 半夜时分，“年”兽闯进村。它发现村里气氛与往年不同：村东头老婆婆家，门贴大红纸，屋内烛火通明。“年”兽浑身一抖，怪叫了一声。将近门口时，院内突然传来“砰砰啪啪”的炸响声，“年”浑身战栗，再不敢往前凑了。原来，“年”最怕红色、火光和炸响。这时，婆婆的家门大开，只见院内一位身披红袍的老人在哈哈大笑。“年”大惊失色，狼狈逃蹿了。第二天是正月初一，避难回来的人们见村里安然无恙十分惊奇。这时，老婆婆才恍然大悟，赶忙向乡亲们述说了乞讨老人的许诺。这件事很快在周围村里传开了，人们都知道了驱赶“年”兽的办法。(客家人的传说)从此每年除夕，家家贴红对联、燃放爆竹;户户烛火通明、守更待岁。初一一大早，还要走亲串友道喜问好。这风俗越传越广，成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日。

As a primary source of information as well as an efficient means of communication, the Internet offers people a colorful and convenientlife. Just by clicking the mouse, we can enjoy a brilliant and easy life that could not be achieved ever before: shopping, making friends, contacting

relatives, looking for jobs, downloading music and movies, conducting business deals, and freely airing our opinions.

For its convenience, the Internet has attracted people like magnets and some people even claim that it is indispensable. To them, life can’t go on without it. Every day millions of people spend hours on end surfing the Internet. They are obsessed with it so much so that they forget many other important matters.

As far as I am concerned, I don’t approve of uestrained Internet reliance. Although the Internet is a gift of the technological revolution and a blessing of this information age, we should never let it control our life. The Internet absolutely doesn’t mean the whole world to us. Instead, we should guard against its negative effects. To those Internet addicts, I would add: “Self-control can make or break your life. With proper use, the Internet serves you; otherwise, it kills you.”

一、学校生活及学习成绩

Be getting on well with one’s study某人的学习越来越好

take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程

have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at…

put one’s heart into…专心于;致力于

be interested in…

be fond of

like chemistry best

be good at…; be poor at…; do well in…; be weak in…

make progress in…; fail in…’ be tired of…’

pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;

major in history主修历史

He has the best record in school.他的成绩最棒。

get a doctor’s degree获得博士学位

be more interesting to sb.

learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);

take an active part in…; learn… by heart;

work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in…;

get 90 marks for (English); get an“A” in the exam;

have a good command of…

lay a good foundation in (language study)

二、师生关系

get on well with sb; like to be with students;

be gentle with us; be kind to sb;

be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;

be strict in work

We think of him (her) as…; help sb with sth;

praise sb for sth…; blame sb for sth..

give advice on…; question sb on…

be satisfied with…

correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;

try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;

teach sb to do sth.

devote all one’s time to work;

admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education

佩服他对于教育事业的献身精神。

三、课余活动及周末生活

spend one’s time in many different ways;

enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;

go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);

see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);

play chess (basketball); have a swim;

have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;

go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;

do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;

get everything ready for;

ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);

There are a lot of activities at (the beach).

We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.

She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.

It was a very relaxing Sunday.

There are good programmes on TV on weekends.

四、彼此沟通信息

take a message for sb; send a message to sb;

hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;

get information about…;

express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英语表达一个人的思想(感情);

Write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说...， apologize to sb for…

thank you for…; make a speech t at the meeting;

explain sth to s; look upon sb as…; think sb to be…;

take sb’s side

五、事件中人的态度

would like to do; allow sb to do;

keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);

call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of…);

fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;

speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;

force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;

regret doing;

prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;

would rather (not) do.

六、事情过程

have the habit of doing…; have no trouble doing;

make up one’s mind to do;

prepare sb for…; give up doing…; do sth as usual;

do what he wants us to do; set about doing;

try one’s best to do…=go all out to do;

get into trouble; help sb out; do one’s bit for New China;

wait for sb to do; find a way to do; make friends with sb;

show (tell) sb. how to do…; take (send) sb to…;

I’m trying to find…;

I’m afraid we are out of…;

pass the time doing; feel a little excited about doing…;

can’t help doing…; do some good deeds to people;

be prepared for more hard work;

Some are doing A, others are doing B, and still others are doing C.

七、感观活动与思维活动

look around for…; look up (down) at…; catch sight of…;

take a look at…; hear sb do (doing); take notice of…;

take view of…; have a good understanding of…;

consider sb (sth) to be…; come to know…;

realize that…; know that +从句

八、情感与欲望

be pleased with…; be delighted in doing…;

take a pleasure in doing; be worried about;

feel surprised at…

be sorry for…; be angry with sb for sth;

be angry about…(为某事生气);

look forward to doing…; wish to do; expect to do;

long for (long to do); be sick for one’s home;

have a strong desire to do…;

九、健康状况及治疗

be in good shape; be in good (poor )health;

feel weak (well, terrible, sick); have got a high (slight ) fever;

have a slight (bad) cold; take one’s temperature;

have got a pain in…; be good (bad) for one’s health(eyes);

It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until…; save one’s life

十、其它

It (take)sb. some time to do…; It is said that…;

be fit for; be short of; be well dressed;

miss the lecture (train); change…into…;

waste time doing; spend time doing; be busy doing;

have no choice but to do; I can’t help it. be in need of…;

be mistaken about…; fall behind…; catch up with;

on behalf of; instead of; be welcome to do…;

Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer.

Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.

十一、信件开头常用语

You letter came to me this morning.

I have received your letter of July the 20th.

I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.

I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.

How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.

Thank you for your letter.

In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…;

Let me tell you that…

十二、信件结尾常用语

Please remember me to your whole family.

Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.

Best wishes.

With love.

Wish you a pleasant journey.

Wish you success. Wish you the best of health. (luck)

Looking forward to your next visit to China.

Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.

Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.

十三、问路和应答

Go down this street

Turn night/left at the first crossing

It’s about…meters from here

You can’t miss it

In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)

Pass two blocks

“游客纷至沓来”这句话，很多学生不能用英语写出“纷至沓来”这个成语，但是可以用以下几种表达方式：

⑴A large number of visitors come here

⑵There are lots of visitors coming here every day

⑶Many people visit here every day

⑷A lot of people pay a visit here every day

十四、多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯

表列举：for example、for instance、that is to say

表补充：besides、in addition、moreover

表对比：on the one hand…on the other hand、in spite of

表原因：because of、thanks to、due to、owing to

表结果：therefore、thus、as a result、so

表结论：to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up

表转折：however、nevertheless、yet

十五、段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today， ____， which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First， ____ Second，____. What makes things worse is that______.

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)

……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People‘s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them，_____.

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?

十六、中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。

首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，______.Whats more， _____.Most important of all，______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First， we can______

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this， the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However， just like everything has both its good and bad sides， ______also has its own disadvantages， such as ______.

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless， I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

Good morning，ladies and gentlements， Its my honor to be here today. My name is Ramos， I am from Southeast University. My major is Mechanical design. In the past three years， Im always the top ten students in my class. I have passed the CET4 and CET6 with a high scores and also won the first prize scholorship in 214. In the university Im not only studying hard and but also actively join a lot of activities. I once participated in the Model united nation and organized some useful activities like English Corner for students English learning. My life in university is very colorful and fruithful， it helps me gain knowledge and makes me become more communicative and cooperative through leaning and activities.

Whats more， I worked for Quanfeng Group as a intern overseascustomers quality engineer this summer. I learned a lot about quality control， quality assurance， quality standard like ISO and EU. Last but not least， I also learned al ot more from custmers and designing engineers.

You know the overseas cusomers quality engineer requires the person who have excellent communication skills and proficient English skills to work with our overseas customers and engineers. Although sometimes its hard to solve the disputes， but it really helps me to build up my communication skills ， capabilities and oral English.

下面语文迷网为大家带来了5个高考英语写作中的高频句型，一起来看看吧。

1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world.

在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。

同样句型包括：

It is important/(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth.

例句：It is necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone.

与第一次见面的人握手是非常必要的。

2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.

你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。

1)The+比较级..., the+比较级...

2)比较级+and+比较级(The world is getting smaller and smaller.)

3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.

如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。

类似的句型还有：If necessary…, they can…

4. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.

这份工作太辛苦，差点使我半途而废。

1)直接使用：so… that…

例句：The job was so tired, boring and seemed endless that I almost quit half way.

这份工作太累、太无聊，而且没完没了，这使我差点半途而废。

2)能够增加句子层次的高级连词还有：

(Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…)

5. Good habits are the crosscut to success.

好习惯是成功的捷径。

1、重视增加阅读量是提高英语写作的途径之一

目前，考生在进行大量阅读的同时，应注重所读材料的文章结构以及连接词的运用(ontheotherhand，however，furthermore)、作者的表达方式(词汇、习惯用语和典型句子的使用)、作者是如何进行叙述和议论的。

2、在教师的指导下，平时应勤写多练

练习写作应从基本功抓起。在中译英翻译训练过程中，加强积累适量的词汇、词组和增加各种类型句子的运用。把握好各种句型和词汇的搭配，并从各类题材和体裁着手，多阅读好的范文。然后模仿写作，作文写好之后，一般都要修改。

第一遍收笔后，先看一看结构，然后从字词上推敲，使文章“充实”起来。更重要的是经老师修改过的作文一定要仔细地看一至两遍，然后再认真地抄写一遍，收获将会很大。

3、英文写作“四步走”

由于时间限制，考试时必须在所限定的时间内完成英语作文。英语作文步骤如下：

（1)作文动笔之前一般都要先打腹稿。在确立中心上、运用材料上、篇章结构上，充分酝酿。

（2)考虑好想写多少句子，该用哪些动词和词组等。

（3)边写边思考内容的连贯性，语言和句子的准确性。

（4)写完后一定要再细看一遍。

Monday, August 12, 2013

Last summer, intolerable heat, so mom and Dad brought our family went to see the ice sculpture museum.

As soon as we walked into the ice sculpture museum, we felt the chill of the inside, and I knew it was only minus six degrees Celsius. Were just like going into a big fridge. Ice sculptures in the ice sculpture hall are lifelike. It stood the ancient "Four Beauties": Sha Shi, Mochizuki Pipa Wang Zhaojun, Diao Chan, Yang dancing, all lovingly pathetic. The side see also the twists and turns of the bridge deck and handrails, sparkling, shining. There are all kinds of ice sculptures at the side of the bridge. It was found that the eaves of a unique Pavilion were flying, the pillars were beautiful, and the chairs were exquisite, so that people could not help sitting down and resting for a while. Cool air around the body around, make people feel comfortable.

What impressed me most was the two high ice slide. The ice is as smooth as a mirror, and we "Hula" it slips underneath. My sister and I climbed up and down excitedly, screaming with excitement, even the coat was flying, and the clothes were soaked in.

These vivid ice sculptures left a deep impression on me. The ice sculpture museum in the "barbecue day" is really cool and joyful!

The laba festival, commonly known as "laba", namely the lunar December 8, the ancients worship our ancestors and gods, pray for harvest auspicious tradition, some areas have the tradition of drinking laba rice porridge.Legend has it that day and the Buddha sakyamuni into way, known as the "magic festival", is one of the grand festival of Buddhism.

Somehow called "la" end of the month at the age of three: the meaning of the "la, also", combine the meaning of a new era (sui, etiquette volunteers record);The "la with hunting", and refers to the good hunting for the beast ancestor worship to god, "la" from the "meat", "the winter" is to use meat;Spring-heralding "three yue" la, pursuit of epidemic diseases, and the tradition of "Buddha into a festival, is also a" tao ", actually is the origin of December eighth day for LaRi, so to speak.

腊八节，俗称“腊八” ，即农历十二月初八，古人有祭祀祖先和神灵、祈求丰收吉祥的传统，一些地区有喝腊八粥的习俗。相传这一天还是佛祖释迦牟尼成道之日，称为“法宝节”，是佛教盛大的节日之一。

何故岁终之月称“腊”的含义有三：一曰“腊者，接也”，寓有新旧交替的意思(《隋书·礼仪志》记载);二曰“腊者同猎”，指田猎获取禽兽好祭祖祭神，“腊”从“肉”旁，就是用肉“冬祭”;三曰“腊者，逐疫迎春”，腊八节又谓之“佛成道节”，亦名“成道会”，实际上可以说是十二月初八为腊日之由来。

修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。

1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。

1)如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达：

Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。)

2)如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达：

The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。)

3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：

They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。)

4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：

It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(注：句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果)

5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达：

We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.(注：句中similar to与different from具有正反对比的关系和效果)

2.排比英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。例如，如“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达：

Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 3.重复英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。

1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：

Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.(注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to)

2)如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：

We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.)

3)如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”，可以这样表达：

I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succeed.(注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)

4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达：

We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注：and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era.)

4.倒装这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的，没有自由选择的余地，只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如，如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：

Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5.转义转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。

1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”，英文可为：

What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词)

2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”，英文可为：

Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词)

3)如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”，英文可为：

I am reading Shakespeare.(注：此句采用换喻，换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称，使用通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的)

4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，英文可为：

A hand is needed here.(注：此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人)

5)如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，英文可为：

A great misfortune crept over the whole city.(注：此句采用拟人。拟人的特点是将事物人格化)

6)如要表达“这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢”，英文可为：

This is really a great stupid idea.(注：此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有讽刺意味)

7)如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”，英文可为：

I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.(注：此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表现事物的特征故意夸大其词)

导语：Where there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

It’s never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢。

Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.

心之所愿，无所不成。

One today is worth two tomorrows.一个今天胜似两个明天。

Poverty is stranger to industry. 勤劳之人不受穷。

Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.

天才不过是勤奋而已。

A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.

一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.四个简短的词汇概括了成功秘诀：多一点点!

It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

From small beginning come great things.伟大始于渺小。

A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

New wine in old bottles.旧瓶装新酒。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

Good health is over wealth. 健康是最大的财富。

A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。

Better late than never.迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。

Complacency is the enemy of study.

学习的敌人是自己的满足。

Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。

Books and friends should be few but good.

读书如交友，应求少而精。

All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。

A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。

By reading we enrich the mind， by conversation we

polish it.

读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。

Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

A good book is the best of friends， the same today and forever.

一本好书，相伴一生。

A young idler，an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。

A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

Many hands make light work. 人多力量大。

All things are difficult before they are easy.

凡事总是由难而易。

As a man sows， so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

Misfortunes never come alone/single.祸不单行。

A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。

No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

No pains， no gains. 没有付出就没有收获。

All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。

A sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身体。

Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

Early to bed andearly to rise makes a man healthy，

wealthy and wise.

早睡早起身体好。

East or west，home is best.东好西好，还是家里最好。

Diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。

Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。

Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。

Eat to live，but not live to eat.

人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

Life is not all roses. 人生并不是康庄大道。

Every little helps a mickle. 聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。

Fortune favors those who use their judgement. 机遇偏爱善断之人。

Every man has his faults.金无足赤，人无完人。

A candle lights others and consumes itself.蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。

Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

Good advice is beyond all price.忠告是无价宝。

He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟，不进则退。Knowledge makes humble， ignorance makes proud.

博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。

Like father，like son.有其父必有其子。

Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。

Gold will not buy anything. 黄金并非万能。

Happiness takes no account of time. 欢乐不觉时光过。

Adversity leads to prosperity.穷则思变。

A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。

He is wise that is honest.诚实者最明智。

He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。

Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

Make hay while the sun shines.良机勿失。

Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。

No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰。

Man proposes，God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。

No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。

Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。

The greatest talkers are always least doers.

语言的巨人总是行动的矮子。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。

Wise men love truth，whereas fools shun it.智者热爱真理，愚者回避真理

Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情。

Money isn’t everything.钱不是万能的。

Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

Sharpening your axe will not delay your jobof cutting

wood.磨刀不误砍柴功。

Will is power. 意志就是力量。

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明的动力。

Truth never fears investigation.事实从来不怕调查。

Virtue is fairer far than beauty.美德远远胜过美貌。

Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。

Where there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

Never fish in trouble water.不要混水摸鱼。

Reading makes a full man.读书使人完善。

Speech is silver，silence is gold.能言是银，沉默是金。

You cannot burn the candle at both ends. 蜡烛不能两头点，精力不可过分耗。

You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。

Time cures all things.时间是医治一切创伤的良药。

Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。

Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。

对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，小编收集了初中期末英语作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、学生写作过程中出现的现状

1.词汇量太少

词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解;词语误用，表达不准确;某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味;文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。

语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。

2.词汇错误较多

学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确(审题不正确)。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is+adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。

3.写出的长句达不到表达效果

一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示上入手，有的提示意思较长，所以学生写的时候会直接翻译，但对太长的句子又没有驾驭的能力，导致整个句子错误。

4.听力较弱影响写作能力

我们所面临的是一群农村学生，他们没有特别好的条件练习听力，每次的练习时间仅仅是每节英语课上，听听力的时间是在太少。有位作家说过：“不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说

的语言，不说没有听过的语言”。很明显，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受在英语学习中基础的基础。听不来也就写不上。

5.单词书写不规范，卷面书写较乱

对于大多数学生来说，格式、大小写、标点，书写不规范：句首字母大写不注意，使用从句时不会使用标点、大小写等)。如：After he went back home. He cooked supper.，考试时把单词写整齐的很少，学生普遍认为只要把单词写正确就可以得分，虽然觉得自己写的作文还可以，但卷子发下之后却没有得到期望的分数，而有的同学写作能力较差但书写整齐，写作得分也不是很低。

二、提高写作的方法

1.词汇的积累

初中学生在阅读理方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。

同时拟定时以单选、完型、阅读等形式考察学生对这些单词的掌握情况，通过测试和竞赛的方式进一步激发大家学习词汇的热情。不过，由于课程的时间安排问题，测试的工作开展较少，这也是实验工作中的一个不足。

2.熟练记住单词

( 1.) 巩固单词拼写，培养组句能力。 词汇匮乏是妨碍英语写作的最大障碍之一，有话想说，无词可写是大部分学生的苦恼。因此，我要求学生坚持每天听写、默写、循环记忆单词，掌握巩固词汇。还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear, crowded/uncrowded, polite/impolite/rude. 词形相似的词except/expect, chance/change/challenge. 还以某一词为中心，写出该词的不同形式或词性，组成典型的句型，从而不断丰富词汇和句型。如拼写单词die 时，不但要写出其过去式过去分词died，而且要写出其他词性(death, dead, dying), 再分别组句，如：The old man died two years ago. He has been dead for two years. His death made his dog very sad. It is dying.又如写到易混淆的词pay, spend, cost, take 时，可以多种方式表达句意。He paid 20 yuan for the book. He spent 20 yuan on the book. He spent 20 yuan buying the book. The book cost him 20 yuan. It takes him 20 minutes to read the book every day.等等。这样,通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。以上这些机械操练虽然枯燥，但很有必要，它是能力培养的基础。在词句落实的基础上，可向学生提出稍高的要求，如写出高质量的句子： What a happy family I have ! (I have a happy family.) The story is so interesting that everyone likes it.( The story is very interesting. Everyone likes it. ) He didn’t come to school, because he was ill. (He was ill. He didn’t come to school.) I am good at not only English but also math.(I am good at English and I am good at math ，too. )( 2、) 阅读背诵精彩段落，围绕单元话题设计书面表达。 阅读是写作的 熟练记住每一话题的单词。熟记单词后让他们能够熟练的运用，能够把重点单词用来造句。然后熟记词组，特别是能够熟练的运用词组，能够用词组熟练造句。用词组和单词连成简单句，只要学生将句子表达清楚，语意连贯，就是一篇好的英语文章。

3.熟练使用简单句

简单句对学生来说相对好掌握些，可以要求学生们能够熟练划分主语、谓语、宾语。 正确掌握并列连词andbutor等词。在写作中要求学生不能随意发挥，也不能逐字逐句的翻译所给的文章，要求学生能抓住题中所给的条件，只要考生能将题中所给的要点全部表达清楚，而没有遗漏，在写作中并且注意到语言的连贯，那么就是一篇很好的英语文章。

4.加强听力训练，促进写作

目前英语听力教材使用的具体做法是：事先提出每课生词，教师领读几遍。排除生词障碍后，第一遍学生主让学生在课后反复听课文内容，并逐字逐句写下。每周星期五布置，星期一用课堂时间，教师将该文念一、二遍，让学生听写，教师收上来查阅，加以评讲。通过这种训练，提高学生的听力水平和表达能力。

5.书写规范，促进写作

关于书写的卷面整洁与否，字体如何，是老生常谈话题。可是由于印象分数的一分半分之差，很可能影响一生。在此处丢分纯属不值得，这也是笔者把它放在第一位的原因。在教学过程中，应坚持要求学生书写规范，写好匀笔斜体行书，注意连写，以及文面美观。可以采用出专刊的形式，让全班同学都参加英语书法评比，从而激发学生练习英语书写的兴趣，养成良好的书写习惯。

综上所述，在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一，是与英语的听说读是不可分割的，它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体，必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展。

比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前训练”：在上正课前五分钟里，要学生用英语讲述一个故事(积累素材);或者课前朗读一篇短小精悍的文章，让大家课后模仿;或者就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言;或者让学生自立主题，围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话。这种课前训练取得了很好的效果。

美国作家舒伯特指出:“Reading is writing”，即：阅读能够促进写作，因为对学生而言,他们对生活的体验、对人生的认识大多是从书本上获得，从大量的阅读中获取的，阅读不仅能帮助学生积累思想,也能帮助他们积累语言素材。“You ought to read very carefully. Not only very carefully，but also aloud，and that again and again till you know the passage by heart and write it as if it were your own.” 这就清楚地说明了熟读成诵对写作是多么重要。所以要想写出好文章,就必须大量读书，它是写作的基础。

阅读对写作固然重要，但其它形式写作训练同样不可忽视，英语写作实践是英语写作理论转化为写作能力的“中介”。英语写作要突出实践，正如学习游泳一样，写作的能力是练出来的。课外练笔是课堂写作训练最有益的补充，因为课堂时间有限，仅靠课堂写作训练培养学生的写作能力是不够的。作文不是“学”出来的，而是“写”出来的。学生必须进行大量的写作练习才能掌握并且灵活运用各种写作技能，而且写作技能只有在不断写作的过程中才能逐步得到提高和完善。

此外,学生的英语语言意识和英语思维能力的培养也需要大量的练习。可见,课外练笔非常必要，应该给予重视。课外练笔的形式多种多样，可采用让学生写英语日记、写英语周记，教师也可有意识地给学生提供一些尽量贴近生活的时尚话题，如奥运会、环境保护等，让学生在课外习作。

"I like honest men of all colors."我喜欢所有诚实的人。

"I start out by believing the worst."我凡事先做好最坏的打算。

"It requires more courage to suffer than to die."茍活比牺牲需要更多的勇气。 。

"I have made all the calculations; fate will do the rest."我已做了所有的打算，其余就交给上帝了。

"Our hour is marked, and no one can claim a moment of life beyond what fate has predestined."生死有命，没有人能要求多活一秒钟。

"If I had not been born Napoleon, I would have liked to have been born Alexander."如果今天我不是拿破仑的话，我想成为亚历山大。

"The great proof of madness is the disproportion of ones designs to ones means."一个人的计划与实践存在太大的落差即是疯狂的表现。

"The stupid speak of the past, the wise of the present, and fools of the future."聪明的人谈现在，愚蠢的人谈过去，傻子才谈未来。

"We must laugh at man to avoid crying for him. "与其后来替一个人婉惜，不如先嘲笑他算了。

"When you set out to take Vienna, take Vienna."一旦你着手要攻下维也纳，就把她拿下吧﹗

"What I did is immense. What I had decided to do, and what I had projected werestill more so"我所做的是大事业，而我当初的决定与计划亦是如此。

"The word impossible is not in my dictionary."在我的字典里找不到「不可能」这个字。

"I wished to found a European system, a European Code of Laws, a European judiciary; there would be but one people in Europe."我想建立一个整合的欧洲体系，包含了法律，法庭，与人种。

"The French complain of everything, and always."法国人终其一生都在抱怨所有的事。

"He who fears being conquered is sure of defeat."害怕被征服的人，注定要失败。

"Victory belongs to the most persevering."坚持必将成功。

"Adversity is the midwife of genius." 逆境造就天才。

"Circumstances? I make circumstances!" 英雄造时势。

"Men take only their needs into consideration, never their abilities."人们常只想到自己的需要，而没考虑自己的能力。

"Men are moved by only two levers: fear and self interest."恐惧和兴趣能激励人。

导语：无论是写作还是翻译时，只要一提到重要脑子里闪现的就是important?想表达许多第一反应就是many?同学，如果我说对了的话，那么你的词汇量还只是停留在初中水平!可是随着四六级写作和翻译这两个模块难度的不断提升，如果你不更新你的词汇量，那么你的作文肯定不会得到一个漂亮的分数。以下是小编整理英语常用褒义词替换的资料，欢迎阅读参考。

重要的 (important [pt()nt])

vital [vat()l]

【例句】She had found out some information of vital importance。

【翻译】她已经发现了一些至关重要的信息

crucial [kru()l]

【例句】It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately。

【翻译】立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。

prominent [prmnnt]

【例句】This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economic growth。

【翻译】投资的较大幅度增加，对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用。

cardinal [kɑd()n()l]

【例句】Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law。

【翻译】尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则。

优秀的 (good [gd])

excellent [eks()l()nt]

对于考研英语的应用文写作来说，考生平时复习时不仅要注意应用文写作特点、格式要求，还要有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。考研辅导专家建议广大考生不要简单认为应用文的复习就是复习相应的格式，格式只是应用文写作的最起码要求，除了应用文特定的格式外，还要背诵一些经典的套话，在平时的写作训练中培养迅速构思成篇的能力，注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。下面，我们就针对应用文写作中的私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告几种形式介绍一下写作技巧。

一、私人和公务信函

信函是很重要的一种应用文。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具，与同学们的生活、学习比较密切，也是以后工作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信，谈事情的同时又交流感情，是四级考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常见的一种信函，研究生英语考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常考的是公共信函。所谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信，主要是为了办事，比方说给老板或是客户写信都属于公共信函。

信函一般都是由写信时间、信内地址、称呼、信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分组成。收信人地址要写在左上角，寄信人地址要写在右上角，寄信人地址也可以不写，姓名写在地址上面，地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。在信的开头人名前一定要加Mr.,Mrs.,Dear等比较尊敬的称呼，信的结尾注意使用常用的客套话如：sincerelyyours,faithfullyyours或者yourssincerely,yoursfaithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则，即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。

正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体，不用含糊抽象的词如：本月、明天等。清晰要求的是主题要明确，层次要清楚，让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅，避免迂回冗长的长句，使书信尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人，因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多多使用would,could,may,please等词，要自然得体，彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则，不能以自己为中心，要尊重对方的习俗爱好，即便是拒绝，也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要注意格式，避免语法、拼写、标点错误，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。

二、备忘录

备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址，称呼，事因，正文，结束语，和署名，备忘录上一定要说明什么时间，谁写的？写给谁？什么事？并且正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。

三、摘要

接着谈谈摘要。摘要分成两种，一种是文章摘要，一种是论文摘要。

文章摘要就是给一篇文章让写一个摘要，文章摘要是对文章主要内容的简练概括，内容上要涵盖全文，语言上要尽量简练。写摘要前一定要仔细阅读全文，弄懂文章大意；摘要涵盖原文的主要观点并与原文的观点保持一致；摘要应该简明扼要，字数在规定的字数范围内；摘要最好不要照搬原文，应该用自己的话概括原文的主要观点；并且注意千万不要照抄，也千万不要评论，只需要写出中心思想或者段落大意即可。

第二种摘要是论文摘要。比方说是大家写一篇学术论文，硕士博士论文需要写一个英文的摘要。相对来讲我们认为考论文摘要的可能性稍微大一点。写这种摘要时要注意时态和语态。叙述研究过程，多采用一般过去时；说明某课题现已取得的成果，宜采用现在完成时。摘要中多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常用主动语态。英文摘要有一些常用句型，比如表示研究目的，可以用Inorderto……Thispaperdescribes……Thepurposeofthisstudyis……，表示表示结论、观点或建议可以用Theauthors[suggest/conclude/consider]that……。

四、报告

最后一种是报告。报告其实也分为两种，第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识，比如作者生平，时代简介等，接下来对书的内容做一个简单的概括，与摘要不同的是读书报告最后一段可以发表评论。与摘要相同，读书报告也要注意时态，比如像科普类的知识应该用现在式。另一种报告就是书面报告，书面报告考试(专业课历年考研试卷)的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写法很类似，所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级，它也需要交代清楚四件事：什么时间？谁写的？写给谁？什么事？

当然，应用文写作能力的提高必须经过长期的实践锻炼。在复习阶段，首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式，注意事项，写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文，要整段整段的背，不仅是背会而且要脱口而出，并且转换成自己的语言，写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次，是要多动手写作，要写出属于自己的文章，多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。写好的文章要注意检查，看有无语法错误，有无用词不当，能否用其他的句式表达相同的意思，可以让同学帮忙检查，让同学提一些宝贵的意见和建议。总的来说，虽然大家对应用文的写作还比较陌生，但是只要认真对待，只要花时间背范文了，花时间写文章了，就一定能取得理想成绩。

1、organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc。 下笔前整合思绪：脑力激荡，写出纲要等。

2、write clearly。 be concise。 avoid wordiness。写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。

3、use good grammar and write complete sentences。 使用好的文法，写出完整句子。

4、write simple sentences。 avoid a fancy style。 尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。

5、avoid slang、cliche and informal words。 避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。

6、avoid use of the first person (i。e。 i/me/my) unless necessary to specific piece。除非必要，避免使用第一人称：如“我/我的”。

7、writing naturally。 read it aloud。 does it sound natural? does it flow? 自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗?通顺吗?

8、move logically from one idea to the next。 dont skip steps。 上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。

[坚持八条英语作文的写作守则

1. There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards the worship of money . A recent survey showed that X percent of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority , compared to X percent only a few years ago . Why do people fail to realize that wealth does not necessarily bring happiness ?

近年来出现了对社会有害的拜金主义倾向。最近的一项调查表明，X%的调查对象把致富作为他们的首选，相比之下，就在几年前，只有X%的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到财富不一定带来幸福呢?

2. Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver . The incident was far from rare , and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving people dricing under the influence of alcohol .

几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的案件的典型，这些案件与在酒精作用下开车的人有关。

3. I recently read a newspaper article on the rampant spread of child abuse . The deplorable problem of the widespread abuse of innocent children has aroused public concern nationwide .

最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于虐待儿童现象变得猖獗的文章。普遍虐待无辜儿童的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。

4. Should parents spare the rod and spoil the child ? Opinions concerning strict parental discipline vary widely . Some view strict discipline as nothing more than a form of abuse , while others argue it is an essential factor for instilling appropriate social behavior .

家长应不应该闲了棍子、惯了孩子?针对严厉的家教的看法大相径庭。有的人就是把严厉的管教看成一种虐待，而另外的人认为这是逐渐灌输得体的社会行为的要素。

5. What do you think of the increasing openness accompanying the ongoing sexual revolution ? Do you ever fantasize ? Answers to these questions should be based on a determination between appropriate and inappropriate behavior .

你如何看待对现在的性革命越来越开放的态度?你曾经想像过吗?回答这些问题之前应先界定得体和不得体的行为。

6. Why do some governments persist in spending billions of dollars on space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to grip many countries throughout the world ? This particular question is being raised by an ever increasing number of people .

既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还坚持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索?现在越来越多的人提出这个问题。