高中英语课堂教学反思20篇简短(精彩20篇)
作文指导要着力于激发写作兴趣,打开思路,并给学生留下思考、想象的空间。作文都是老师、学生头疼的事,大家不妨来看看小编推送的高中英语课堂教学反思20篇简短,希望给大家带来帮助!
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920滑雪高中英语
全文共 2119 字
+ 加入清单Marcel Hirscher continued his dominant start to the alpine skiing World Cup season with yet more milestones on Sunday.
The Austrian, seeking an unprecedented fifth consecutive overall title, became the first man to win three successive giant slalom races at the Alta Badia venue, in Italys Dolomite mountains.
He claimed the World Cup lead from Aksel Lund Svindal, moving 20 points ahead of the Norwegian -- who was 28th, following his two speed-event wins in preceding days at nearby Val Gardena.
Hirscher claimed his fourth victory this season, and his third in giant slalom -- a technical discipline where he already leads by 134 points after only four rounds.
He was 0.19 seconds ahead of Norways Henrik Kristoffersen after the two runs, while Frances Victor Muffat-Jeandet was third.
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"I skied at my 100% limit in the second run," Hirscher said after the 35th win of his career put him one behind sixth-placed compatriot Benjamin Raich in the all-time standings.
"It was difficult snow, not as icy as were used to here in Alta Badia and I think that Henrik skied a smoother run, but I gave it all my power and in the end I am really happy to come away with the win."
In Sundays womens action, Eva-Maria Brem made it a double giant slalom success for Austria by winning in Courchevel, France.
Switzerlands Lara Gut, who won twice at Val dIsere in Fridays alpine combined and Saturdays downhill, tied for second with Norways Nina Loeseth.
Gut extended her overall World Cup lead to 58 points over American star Lindsey Vonn, who was 13th following her crash on Saturday.
"I didnt really feel very balanced today," Vonn said. "I think I just rung my bell a little bit yesterday."
Brem claimed her second career World Cup victory, having been runner-up in the previous giant slalom races at Aspen and ?re.
"Every season I just need that one moment when everything gets together -- that one run, like the second one in Aspen when I felt, This is how I need to keep this working," the 27-year-old said.
"I knew what I had to do, but waiting at the start was tough. That second victory was beautiful too and that made me cry."
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篇1:高中生英语日记100字带翻译
全文共 3775 字
+ 加入清单Holiday back, clean up a lot of stuff, and then, feeling, very comfortable very comfortable
First of all, moved toward the shoe ark of the head of a bed for a couple of years (my mother said to do bookcase, open on see, incredibly still really put a lot of my book is on the inside). Then, on the window is to the bed foot, however, is a cycas, very lush very lush, every time I open the window, sees the thorns are uncomfortable uncomfortable, so I put it away again.
Then, put on and inclined toward my room two sundry room (eighty percent eighty percent can be called junk) anything that moved away. Then, bathroom stone to the room, flower POTS, a bird than the bad bad, a lot of basin of aloe vera (original aloe is quite thorny) also moved away.
On the balcony, having a heap of mud and cling to my room to the head of a bed (think of that song, unrequited loves the mud, you might as well listen to again, that song was once the golden melody, xu also incredibly took the best male singer), the mud it was covered with a layer of steel net, piled on the following objects: a very bad bad mouse cage, 10 lousy flowerpot, within a few rotten stone, there are other I have forgotten. Clean up the mud, unexpectedly found it still has a lot of broken tiles, more surprisingly, inside still have a lot of iron, very young, but rough tough than wire, but the strange thing is, its doors on my bed, its so strange (cant help but think of oneself since moved to the Jin Juhua community so much has happened).
Later, I found, to my room still has a long very lush yellow skin fruit (colloquialism commonly known as chicken excrement), heard this name, I want to cut it, but mother has been planted for years, is too big, in fact I was also dont understand, why do miniascape of yellow skin. However, mother also planted sweet potatoes cane over the past two years, a lot of basin are put in window edge, and fe (vernacular called nine dishes), as for the carambola, I find it hard to entrance.
Moved a lot of a lot of things these days, though hard, your body is not good (since moved to this community, to the present as in the whole body is ill, strabismus, obesity, poor spirit, should be very poor, kidney failure, hernia, also recently appeared signs of high blood pressure, heart, breathing rapidly, and disfigured before the hearing loss, rhinitis, afraid of see the sunshine, communication difficulties, gangsters, hubei hubei, do things round, personal ability serious decline, was suddenly unprovoked pointing to DuMa (a junior high school of Yang classmate) can get no response, etc.), but after moving, comfortable a lot of really, really, really very comfortable, twisting his years of disfigured (mom difficult for his nose, but mom said, this is your own thing, want to rely on yourself to break through this obsession, who also cant help you) is loose.
First wrote here today to continue next time, bye.
放假回来,清理了不少杂物,然后,感觉,好舒服好舒服
首先,搬走了对着床头好几年的鞋柜(妈妈说要用来做我的书柜,打开一看,居然还真的装了很多我的书在里面)。接着,对着窗口不过是对着床脚的,是一棵铁树,很茂盛很茂盛,我每次打开窗口,见到它的刺就很不舒服很不舒服,于是,我又把它移开了。
然后,把对着和斜对着我房间的两个杂物房里面的东西(八成可以叫做垃圾)八成搬开了。接着,对着房间卫生间的石头,花盆,一张远比上述烂的烂台,很多盆芦荟(原来芦荟还挺多刺的)也搬开了。
在阳台上,有着一堆烂泥紧贴着我房间也正好对着床头(想起许志安的那首歌--烂泥,大家不妨再听一下,那首歌曾经是当年的金曲,许还居然拿了最佳男歌手),烂泥上面还居然铺着一层铁网,上面堆着如下物体:一个很烂很烂的老鼠笼,10个以内的烂花盆,几块烂石,还有其他我都忘记了。清理烂泥时,居然发现里面还有很多碎瓦,更奇怪的是,里面还有好多条铁条,很幼,但比铁丝要粗韧,而奇怪的是,它门都对着我的床头,真奇怪啊(不禁想到自己自从搬到这个金菊花小区之后发生了这么多事)。
之后,我发现,对着我房间的还有一棵长的很茂盛的黄皮(白话俗称鸡屎果),听到这个名字,我就想把它砍掉,但妈妈已经种了很多年了,太大了,其实我当时也不明白,为什么盆景要种黄皮。不过,妈妈这两年还种了番薯藤,好多盆都放在窗口边,还有菲菜(白话称为九菜),至于杨桃,我觉得很难入口。
这些天搬了很多很多东西,虽然辛苦,自己身体也不好(自从搬到这个小区后,到现在好像周身都是病,斜视,肥胖,精神不佳,应该是很不佳,肾亏,疝气,最近还出现了高血压迹象,心跳很快,呼吸急速,还有以前破相所带来的的听力下降,鼻炎,怕见阳光,交际困难,混混鄂鄂,做事轮尽,个人能力严重下降,被人突然无端指着来毒骂(一个初中的杨姓同学)都居然可以无反应等等了),但搬走后,真的舒服很多,真的,真的很舒服,缠绕自己多年的破相(被妈妈捏难了鼻子,但妈妈却说,这是你自己的事情,要靠你自己去冲破这个困扰,谁也帮不了你)困扰也松了。
今天先写到这里,下次继续,再见。
篇2:重阳节的习俗英语高中
全文共 1558 字
+ 加入清单In ancient times, people called the six Yin number, nine known as Yang number。 September 9 this day, two together called "Double Ninth Festival", the day also called "festival for the elderly", is our country a long history of the festival。
After this afternoon, I and my classmates are on duty, 43 bus ride home。 The car is very crowded, I can not easily find a seat, a bottom seat, you can have a good rest for a while。
However, the car just after a stop, there is a old man on the train, he probably slightly hunched, over sixty。 I immediately thought to give seats to the old, but thought, he managed to sit down, let the pity。
How do ah? In the end is to let do not let? I think, as a young pioneer, if lets me not, then how to the front of my red scarf?? cant think, I must let。 So I stood up and said: "Grandpa, you come to sit!" I saw my grandfather smiled, then slowly sat down, and said to me: "really good boy!"。
Although I lost a seat for me to rest, but I got the words of praise and happy mood, which is how happy ah!
Care for the young is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, we must continue to carry forward the spirit of this!
在古代,人们把六称为阴数,九称为阳数。九月九这一天,两阳相聚称之为“重阳”,这一天又叫做“老人节”,是我国一个历史悠久的节日。
今天下午,值勤过后,我就和同学一起坐43路车回家。车上很挤,我好不容易才找到一个座位,就一屁股坐下了,可以好好的休息一会了。
可是,车刚过了一站地,有一位老爷爷上车了,他微微驼背,大概六十多岁的 样子。我马上就想到了要给老人让座,但又转念一想,自己好不容易才坐下,让了怪可惜的。
怎么办啊?到底是 让还是不让?我想,身为一个少先队员,如果我不让的话,那又怎么对得起我胸前的红领巾呢?不能再想了,我一定要让。于是,我站起来,说:“爷爷,您来坐吧!”只见爷爷笑了笑,然后慢慢地坐下,并对我说:“真是好孩子!”我听了以后,心里也乐了,因为我做到了。
虽然我失去了一个供我休息的座位,但是,我却得到了表扬的话语和愉快的心情,这是多么快乐呀!
尊老爱幼是我们中华民族的传统美德,我们一定要让这种精神继续发扬光大!
篇3:汉语拼音教学反思
全文共 1337 字
+ 加入清单汉语拼音是识字的工具,是学习普通话的工具。课程标准中的表述是:“能读准声母、韵母、声调和整体认读音节。能准确地拼读音节,正确书写声母、韵母和音节。能借助汉语拼音认读汉字。”一年级的学生要在短时间里学会这些,难度极大。汉语拼音的教学我用了一个多月时间,在这一个多月时间里,我一边教组织课堂纪律,一边带着孩子们学习了声母、韵母和整体认读音节,在学会汉语拼音的同时还需学会其中的儿歌和生字。可见教的难度很大,学的难度也大。 现拼音的教学的工作已结束,我发现有以下几点需反思:
一、恰当运用教材,发挥教材优势。
教材根据儿童阅读特征,每个字母都配有图片,并从声母开始每节都带有富 有情趣的儿歌,并用红色音节标注本节所学的字母,这样让孩子不至于面对拼音这一些枯燥的抽象符号,从而激发了学生的学习兴趣。在教学中,在开始的几节课,我往往就局限于其中,无法跃出教材。只要学生读得出字的音、记得住形就行了,对学生的拼读能力、观察能力、说话能力的训练差强人意,无法达到预期的教学效果,学生的学习兴趣欠佳。在此后的教学中,我将每一课的插图都编成童话小故事,利用一些童话小故事吸引孩子们学习的好奇心。引导孩子们观察图画,让孩子们想象说话,进而进行拼音内容的教学。让学生在美的熏陶中,在自我探索、自我发现中愉快的认读、书写。如在jqx 的教学中,我编了小ǖ娃的故事:在前鼻韵母的教学中我编了五兄弟的故事等等,这样学生学习的兴趣提升了不少。
二、把学习的主动权还给学生
刚开学,孩子们的常规还控制不好,课堂上,好多时候要组织课堂纪律,会花很多时间,学生学习的时间就不多,这时就多让学生自己读,自己拼或是同位互拼。班上不少孩子已认识了很多声母,韵母。老师可以放手发动有利资源进行教学。老师只是在关键的地方重点指导一下就可以了。课堂上我通常采用学生互帮互学的学习方式,有同桌互读的,有四人小组互读的,在互读的过程中引导优生教差生,差生学优生,培养了学生的合作意识。课后还让优生带差生看拼音读物,既提高了优生的拼读能力,增设了他们学习课外知识的渠道,又带动了差生,提高了差生拼读积极性。
三、拼音教学游戏化。尊重孩子的天性,在玩中学。
孩子在一个月的学习之后,表现出了厌学倾向。这是为什么呢?原来,紧张的学习生活,大量枯燥的知识、技能训练,扼杀了孩子学习的积极性。所以我们要重视儿童的年龄特点与学习心理,教学中多采用儿童乐于接受、能激发学生学习兴趣的形式,根据字母的音、形体编出儿童喜爱的顺口溜、小儿歌、绕口令来教儿童记忆那一个个干巴巴的抽象的拼音字母,把抽象符号变成活的形象,使学生在浓厚的兴趣中掌握这些字母。这种形式在复韵母的教学中尤为重要,因复韵母学生极易弄混淆,如:ui和iu,这时可编儿歌“围巾围巾ui,游泳游泳iu” 等儿歌来记忆。ei和ie,“e在前ei ei ei,e在后ie ie ie”。通过这样的形式学生就能很容易掌握韵母的读音。
总之,在汉语拼音教学中,我相信只要创新地设计教学过程,采取多种教学方法,充分运用多种教学手段,寓教于乐,就能培养学生的学习兴趣,使学生积极、主动、生动地获取知识,不断提高自学能力。我在今后的工作中定会向此靠齐,使得自己的教学更有利于学生的获取知识,更有利于学生的成长。
篇4:作文教学反思
全文共 661 字
+ 加入清单连续两年在高三参与作文复习备考工作,在备课组老师师的帮助和指导下,进行了作文复习的尝试,有得有失,总结以下几点心得体会:
一、首先意识上要高度重视作文的复习。很多老师认为写作能力是长期以来形成的能力,高三作文复习收效甚微,所以不是很重视作文的复习,或者只是简单的讲评考试作文。诚然,作文能力是通过基础年级的积累和训练,一步步得以提升的。但考试作文的规范和出彩却需要高三的精心打磨。不同阶段的作文课有不同的教学重点和难点,两者相辅相成,缺一不可。
二、其次要制定科学合理的复习计划。高三练习多,考试多,所以高三的作文课大多是讲评课,考什么作文,讲什么作文,每次讲评缺乏重点,一般都是审题立意选材组材开头结尾统统讲。作文复习缺乏科学系统的复习计划,或者说有计划,由于各种原因不能很好地贯彻。这些问题严重阻碍了我校高考作文得分的提高。
三、再次要发掘多元的复习途径和方法。以往我们的复习是以讲练为主,学生很容易对这种单调的作文复习产生厌倦,进而达不到预期的效果。所以开发多元的复习途径和方法,不单是调动学生复习积极性,而且有助于我们全面引导学生进行作文复习。
四、最后要善于借鉴他校经验和总结本校的作文教学成果。教无定法,作文教学更是没有规律可循,作文教学方法的选择和教学计划的制定,一定要全面科学。所谓他山之石,可以攻玉,善于借鉴他校的成功经验,有助于我们提高高三作文教学水平。当然,摸索一条有本校特色的作文教学之路显得更加重要。我们许多老师在作文教学上都有自己的经验,教研组牵头进行及时的总结,可以更好的完善我们学校的高三作文复习。
篇5:高中保护环境的英语作文
全文共 1247 字
+ 加入清单Hello, everyone. I’m am a student in No.1 Middle School. I’m very proud that I have been chosen to speak to you all today.How to protect/save our environment/world?
The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today. Water is polluted ,we have no clean water to drink Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less.Some factories is poring dirty air in the sky , the population is increasing faster and faster ,resources is getting less and less…etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, it also has a great affection in the future.
The first fact I worry about is noise pollution. People can"t sleep well if there is too much noise. That"s why so many people prefer to live in the countryside rather than live in the noisy city. I suggest all the factories and cars shouldn"t make terrible noises. If they make terrible noise that isn"t allowed, they will be fined, and we can also produce the cars which can"t make terrible noise.
The other pollution is rubbish pollution. If everyone makes so much rubbish, one day we may live in a world filled with rubbish. Some people throw the waste paper about. I suggest rubbish should be put into different kinds of dustbins or paper bags.
篇6:作文教学案例反思
全文共 3472 字
+ 加入清单作文教学是学生学习的一个难点,也是我们教师教学的一个难点。在课堂上如何让孩子愿写、爱写,激发学生想拿起笔一睹为快的激情,确实是作文指导课上要解决的重点,也是我在平时的教学中感觉比较头疼和困惑的事情。这一次听了名师们上的几节作文课,让我茅塞顿开:
一、 兴趣是最好的老师
在低年级注重激发学生的写作情趣最为重要,这里的情趣指的是挖掘孩子的内心真情及激发写作兴趣。孔子说过:“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。” 的确,兴趣是最好的老师,作文教学也应“趣”字当前。心理学研究表明:儿童的学习兴趣在巩固和鼓舞儿童的学习动机、激发学生的学习积极性上起着重要作用。戴建荣老师执教的诗话作文《春天的歌》,让我感受到了习作对于学生来说是一件轻松快乐的事情,戴老师的课堂充满着“乐”趣。
本次观摩会给我最大的惊喜是欣赏到了戴建荣老师的“诗话作文”教学艺术。这节以唱唐诗《春晓》开场的二年级习作指导课《春天的歌》,就像一首清新明丽的诗,更像一首欢快动听的歌。最令人叹服的是戴建荣老师丰富多变的体态语——吟之唱之,手之舞之,足之蹈之,每一个表情,每一个动作,都让人感觉妙不可言。课前导入聊天时,戴老师和和小朋友们“两两相望”,你一句我一言的轻松聊天加上俏皮的瞪眼睛,一下子拉近了师生间的距离。
在指导习作时,戴老师注意激活学生思维,唤醒他们头脑中已有的沉淀,为学生顺畅、丰富的表达铺路搭桥。以吟诵古诗《春晓》为切入口,感受生活即是习作的源泉,花、鸟、自己熟悉的生活,就是自己口中笔下的主角。在教师的循循善诱下,学生的视角延伸到了更为广阔的大自然。在轻松的交谈中,学生们感受《春天的歌》的习作内容就是自己的生活,鲜活、美丽而动人。学生顿时解决了“无米之炊”的困扰,他们也爱说乐写了。良好的开端就是成功的一半,戴老师在课的开始就激发起学生说、写的欲望,学生在宽松民主的氛围中,积极交流、敢于表达。课堂上,戴老师善于组织语言,用不同的语气、语调吸引住学生的注意力,把学生带入积极思维的学习境地,从而促使他们积极自主的投入到学习中去。他扮演着小蝌蚪快乐地穿梭在课堂上,“春天随着我小蝌蚪游起来咯!”戴老师在诗话作文的课堂上说道。她的语言表达生动活泼,不拘泥一格,与孩子们平时说话的方式很贴近。然而除了贴近之外,他巧妙的运用字词让语言更具有语文味也是让我钦佩的。有了语言的表率,学生们也随之模仿,一个可爱的女生说:“春天随着我杨柳飘起来咯!”另一个说道:“春天随着我迎春花开起来咯!”原来学生们生动的语言也可以这样自然而然的“信手拈来”孩子们的兴趣得到了激发,使他们高高兴兴地说,快快乐乐地写。他的幽默也感染了全场,大家自始至终脸上都挂着快乐的微笑。
二、 给予学生一个开放的课堂
《语文课程标准》提出:为学生的自主写作提供有利条件和广阔空间,减少对学生写作的束缚,鼓励自由表达和有创意的表达。于永正老师上的《把作文写得有声有色》一课,就很好的体现了这一理念。
一)一看录象。
(播放的是一段没有声音的录象,让学生进行地观看、体验。并交流,重点让学生发现其中出现的事物,并感受这个无声的世界。)
二)再次观看录象。
(这一次的录象,教师加入了音乐,使之与前面的录象作比较,观察的重点放在了听力上,并引导学生在不自觉中进行前后片段感受的比较中。) (以此为例进行讨论,引导学生感受声色兼备的重要性。学生的交流中自然地将自己听到的小鸟啾啾、知了“知了”、泉水“丁冬”、小鸟“扑啦”、青蛙“呱呱”等景中声友情有趣地描摹出来。)
三)引导学生回忆生活中存在的有声有色的生活片段。
四)出示阅读卡片三:
1、轰隆隆 呼呼 哗啦哗啦
2、咯咯 嘿嘿 嘻嘻
3、啪 呜呜 啪 扑哧
五)、提出本次习作的要求:
(选取上面呈现的三种材料中的一种,进行象声词的片段练习。) 作文教学指导中最关键的便是内容上的指路。而在其中最重要的便是既要给学生指明方向,又不能将思维框死。在上面的教学过程中,我们能鲜明地看到了于教师针对不同学生的习作层次、习作性格,进行了有意义的内容开掘和分层教学:
第一层次:描绘教师呈现给大家的风景材料。这是一种观察写作的方法,学生只需将现场看到的、听到的描绘即可,由于有着新鲜的体验,写来不费力气,适合于习作能力一般的学生。
第二层次:引导学生回忆生活中声色兼备的场面进行再造想象。这是一种回忆,将学生对内容的开掘以“声色具备”为要求,在自己的记忆仓库中搜肠刮肚,既使学生内容的面上有拓宽,又启动了学生根据某一限制组织素材的能力训练,
这适合于有一定习作基础,并且愿给自己增加难度,喜欢写出自己个性的学生。 第三层次:出示了三组象声词,抽象中富有意趣,在看似无关的词语间存在着千丝万缕的联系。一下子就激发了学生好想象的年龄特点,使他们跃跃欲试地要进行创造性想象,结合他们的生活经验,去虚构一个有趣的生活片段。而真正有趣的是:因为是扣着这几个象声词进行故事或生活场景的创造,在文中象声词的用法肯定会更妙,会在文中起到关键作用,起到画龙点睛的作用,较之前两种方式的运用,一定会更到位。
于教师在一个片段训练里就给予学生这么大的内容空间,这在我们平时的作文教学中还是非常少见的。可见于老师在设计此三维时考虑的周详,对学生特点把握的准。
三、作文是一种高尚的智力游戏
贾志敏老师曾提出过这么一个观点:作文,是一种游戏。我们都知道,玩是孩子的天性,游戏是孩子的最爱,如果能把作文融入到游戏中,让孩子们边玩边写,在游戏中学写作文,让游戏的趣意在作文中再现,学生就有事可写,有情可抒,有感可发了。
通过游戏作文教学设计活动,我们有了更多的作文教学素材,但怎样让游戏和作文自然地溶合在一起,使学生真正乐于倾诉,张化万老师给我们带来了有效的教学理念。《第三只眼》是张老师为我们展现的一堂游戏作文指导课。
上课伊始,张老师始终把玩和写有机的融合在一起。记得课初张老师说“我们每个人有三只眼睛”的时候,有好几个学生都情不自禁地发出了“啊!”的惊叹,张老师马上问:“啊”是什么意思?刚才老师在说“我们每个人有第三只眼睛的时候你心里是怎么想的?写下来。学生对于人有第三只眼睛感到非常的疑惑,张老师就抓住这个契机,让学生把心中所想的及时地记录下来,抓住瞬间感受,及时书写,这真实地反映学生此刻的心理。写自己心里所想,学生能自然的流露,情感真实,既给了这篇作文一个很好的开头,同时也让学生明白“写”就是自己情感的真实流露。
课中,我们也不难发现,张老师把重点部分有意的让学生进行定格观察,强化印象。如,“尝白醋片断”,张老师不仅多次让学生尝白醋,而且多次刻意地让学生注意台上同学尝醋的表情、动作、语言。然后让学生来说一说“你看到了怎样的情形?”几个学生兴致勃勃地说了以后,张老师就指导写游戏的重点部分。由于好多学生刚才没有尽兴地讲,所以迫不及待地就想把自己所看到的写给其他同学看。曾记得我以前教高年级时,也上过类似的游戏作文指导课。但授课过程大都是先玩,再回忆玩的经过以及自己的心理体验,最后指导写作。每次学生的在玩的时候都是很尽兴的,可一听到要写作文却都是唉声叹气,可在张老师的课堂中我看到的是学生饶有兴趣地写,没有丝毫的无奈。我想,这可能都归功于张老师把游戏与写作很自然地融合到了一起,使学生感觉到写片断似乎也是一种游戏似的。而且刚才玩得痛快的游戏经过还是历历在目的,所以下笔也就顺畅了。
张老师的授课中令我印象深刻还有他对学生作文中肯的讲评。课堂中,张老师总是把写得较好的片断读上几遍,并让学生说说哪些句子写得好?为什么写得好?在重点部分的写作评改中,张老师则采用了同座互换作文进行评改。并要求同学冷静地看,冷静地改。我记得在这时的评改中,张老师说了一句这样话:“如果你在同桌的作文中,连一个好词也找不到,那说明你不仅没有第三只眼,连你脸上的两只眼都没有多少作用。” 这说明张老师让学生善于去发现别人闪亮点,这是学生对被改习作的学生的一种鼓励。在这样的鼓励下,学生的写作兴趣自然地被激发起来了。在《第三只眼》的授课过程中,学生始终处于积极、高兴的氛围中,不管是在玩游戏还是在写作中,他们的情绪始终是高涨的。张老师把游戏与作文教学有机地结合起来,寓思维于游戏之中,顺其自然地进行写作训练,顺应了学生的心理,潜移默化地提高了学生的写作水平。他的这种教学理念和风格也给我留下了深刻的印象。
两天的听课,对我的触动很大。通过听课,我学到了很多很多,在以后的教学中,我要不断地更新教学理念,改进教学方法,不断地摸索、实践,让每个学生都能把写作当作一件乐事。
篇7:写植物作文教学反思
全文共 1440 字
+ 加入清单四年级的学生还处于习作的起始阶段,我将习作教学的主要目标定位为:凭借孩子感兴趣的方式,给孩子以实实在在的指导,降低难度,培养孩子习作的兴趣和自信心,在习作中学会做人。删繁就简、化难为易是我不变的追求。
生活中,我们每天都在和大自然打交道:变化多端的天空、汹涌澎湃的大海、美不胜收的公园……可是,当我们在课堂上让孩子说说印象最深的自然景观时,占主流的往往是这样两种回答:或“记不清楚了”,或“不知怎么说了”。面对这样的情形,即使我们讲再多写景的方法恐怕都收效甚微。那么,我们该如何让孩子笔下的景活起来呢?我的做法如下:
一、观察——让学生眼中有景
写作源于观察,这是尽人皆知的道理。写景的作文尤其离不开观察。上习作课的前一周,我便把观察的任务布置下去:选择自己感兴趣的一处自然景观,进行全面、细致的观察,做好记录。针对现在的孩子在观察方面存在的问题:1、观察粗糙、笼统不仔细;2、观察混乱,缺乏顺序性;3、观察对象比较孤立,观察一点就会做出简单的判断,我在布置学生观察的时候,提出了明确的要求:准确、全面、精细。让学生拥有一双发现美的眼睛,捕捉到大自然的神奇,这是教学成功的第一步。
二、交流——让学生心中有景
习作指导课上,我注重了交流这一环节:讲讲自己印象深刻的自然景观,看能不能让听众也为之心动。我注意选准时机,将写景的方法融入到具体的作文情景中,比如:学生讲到仙湖植物园的全貌时说:“那里有的是树,有的是花,有的是草……”我马上追问:“像什么呢?”学生们便七嘴八舌:“像世外桃源”,“像人间仙境”,“像一个绿色王国”……当学生讲到碧云草的颜色、形状时,我首先肯定他抓住了特点,然后又问:“有风的时候,碧云草又会是怎样的呢?”学生说到了“翩翩起舞”、“说起了悄悄话”等。在交流这一环节中,我将具体的写景方法:抓住特点、考究顺序、动静结合、点面结合、虚实相映、情景交融等一一渗透进去,学生自然而然习得。而学生在表达中出现的语病等问题,更在具体的语境中得以点化。在思维碰撞中,学生心中的景越来越清晰了。
三、动笔——再现心中的美景
作文之所以难教,习作之所以难写,主要原因是被人神秘化了,高高在上,脱离生活实际。其实,“作文即生活,生活即作文”。学生动笔之前,我真诚地对他们说:“你们人人会说话,所以人人都能写好作文。现在就拿起手中的笔,把自己心里的神奇景象记下来,让别人也来分享你的快乐,这岂不是一件很有意思的事情吗?”解放孩子的心灵,他们一定会在阳光下舞蹈。
四、评价——体验习作的快乐
现在的大人孩子大都迷恋游戏,之所以这样,是因为游戏永远给人希望。如果我们的作文课堂始终能给人带来希望,那还有人厌倦它吗?学生辛辛苦苦写出来的东西,如果你说全是废话,相信没有人不沮丧的;点评习作如果能不断地给学生注入成功的喜悦,这样的课堂谁不喜欢呢?我非常欣慰地看到这样一种情形:总有几个孩子缠在我身边问:“老师,什么时间讲评作文啊?”那眼睛里燃烧的是写作的热情啊!身为教师,我要做的就是保护它,让这种景象更加壮观。为此,点评习作时,我让学生以欣赏的眼光看待别人的习作,分享别人的经验;而我更是放大优点,热情鼓励。孩子们俨然自己做了一件了不起的事呢。
五、修改——扬长避短画面活
在和谐的习作磁场中,我强调“好作文是改出来的”、“非宁静无以致远”,让学生对照成功的范例,检查自己的不足,完善自己的作文。一幅幅生动的画面呈现在纸上了,一个个瞬间定格成了永恒……
这堂课已经成了我生命中最难忘的一幅画,最神奇的一道景。
篇8:关于朋友英语作文高中
全文共 3213 字
+ 加入清单There is an old Chinese saying: Top students come from strict teachers.
Perhaps affected by this saying for a long time, we believe it right. However,
as time flies, lots of things have changed. Therefore, I am eager to discuss
what relation is the best between teachers and students.A teacher can treat a
student in two ways .One is strict, and the other is friendly. Most teachers
prefer the first way.To start with, we certainly have to admit that strictness
is very effective, especially to the naughty pupils.
As pupils we aren’t able to control ourselves well or fix our attention on
one thing for a long time. We do most things because they are interesting or we
feel like doing. We are always looking out of the window in class. Sometimes, we
get to play games and forget our homework. On this occasion, strictness is a
must. It not only forces us to do the right thing, but also helps us develop a
good learning habit, which is of great importance during our whole life .In
other words, it is the first step to success.Still, everything has two sides.
Its weak points are very obvious. You see, there’re top students in a class,
where average students make up the majority. Then teachers’ orders or
suggestions are for the majority, not for top students. However, top students
always have their own study plans and prefer special homework, so orders usually
won’t take great effect on them.
Maybe you have thought out that teachers can give orders only to the
majority and set some freedom to top students. However, it’s impossible .For a
whole class, teachers couldn’t give order to part of the class, for the majority
would question why they needn’t do such work, but we need? It would be probable
that they think teachers treat them not equally, and will not obey teachers’
orders any more. This is a difficulty for teachers.It also has another
disadvantage——the communication problem .Since teachers are strict, we never
tell teachers our personal affairs or secrets. Mostly we just tell them to our
friends, but as students too, they couldn’t help to solve our problem, such as
puppy love, communication problems or study problems .Not being solved
completely, they always disturb us, influencing our daily life and study. I’m
sure that you think that making friends with teachers can solve the problem, and
you are eager to do so as well. But if we do so, new problems will come out .You
see, an adult couldnt control himself well at times, let alone us students.
However if teachers are our friends, I doubt whether their orders will take
effect any more .You see, have we ever treated our friends’ orders as orders? We
think they’re only jokes. This is another difficulty for teachers.Additionally,
our parents have the same problem. Yes, we need to be friends, but not complete
friends. We need to keep a certain distance, making us communicate well and
willing to take your orders. I remember a story.One day, a lady had her rest
room decorated. And a skilled worker was bricking up the wall. Seeing large
cracks between the bricks, she questioned why. The worker told her after this
summer, the bricks would become bigger, and those cracks would disappear.That is
not only decoration, but also communication. The principle is the same.
篇9:生日聚会高中英语
全文共 495 字
+ 加入清单Last May 4th was my birthday.I had a party at my home.
My relatives and friends came to my home in the evening.And I got a lot of presents from them.My mother prepared a big birthday cake for me.
There are even candles on it.After singing the song “Happy birthday”,I shared the cake with my friend and relatives.Then we watched TV and listened to music.Same of the girls danced with the music.We had a good time that day.
Now I want to say “Thank you my friends.Thank you my parents!I ’m so happy!”
篇10:看图作文教学反思
全文共 717 字
+ 加入清单现在的语文教学注重学生能力的培养,作文教学可谓是语文教学的重点,识字量后,就要进行简单的写话训练。
看图写话,看图是基础,因此我在指导看图上下功夫。看到一幅图时,我学生分步进行观察(1)从整体入手,初步感知图画的主要内容,即这幅图的内容是什么,或谁在干什么。这样做的目的在于培养学生对事物的认识能力和概括能力。(2)细致观察,合理想象,叙述图意。当你叙述是要有一定的顺序,可以由上而下,由近及远,由内到外;如在写语文书上的一幅图时,我让学生看一看近处你都看到了什么,远处有什么,然后再写下来。有时根据图意,让学生思考为什么会有这样的情况的发生,它是怎么发生的。再抓住图中的细节进行观察,如手中拿着什么,他的的表情如何,为什么会有这样的表情等,从而展开想象,进行写话训练。
当引导学生看懂图以后,让学生同桌之间说一说,课上注意启发学生的求异思维。每次在指导学生看图说话、写话时,要注意发展学生的创造性思维。使他们兴趣盎然,劲头越来越高。在说话课上,我经常这样对他们说:“谁能和大家说不一样?”那个同学比刚才那个同学说得更具体、更生动些?”以此鼓励同学说话的兴趣,因为“兴趣是最好的老师”,学生一旦有了说话的顺序,他们就会积极地表达,久而不厌,心情愉快。如果是之前写过的就把写的好的作文读一读。如果实在没有什么满意的作品,在引导学生看懂图以后,我会进行口头作文的教学,教会学生如何才能把图意表达清楚,因为我觉得现在学生还小,词汇量不够丰富,不会表达,这时的示范起到了一个引领指导的作用,学生只要能模仿老师说的内容进行写话,也是一种有效的练习。
写话训练要常住不懈,要让学生多读书,多看书,鼓励学生多动笔,激发学生写话的兴趣,提高学生写话的质量。
篇11:自我介绍作文教学反思
全文共 1583 字
+ 加入清单刚刚完成第三单元的口语交际和作文教学,感觉效果不尽人意,没有达到预期的效果。本次说写内容是自我介绍。介绍自己的特点,说真实的自己。教材的安排遵循了从说到写的原则。在整个教学活动过程中,我安排了这样几个教学环节。
一、创设情景,引出话题:
师:同学们,如果现在我们班来了一个新同学,或者你家附近搬来了一个新邻居,或者家里来了一个新客人,彼此想交朋友,认识对方,那就要进行自我介绍。你最想了解对方的是什么?为什么?你最想把自己的什么介绍给他?为什么?
学生纷纷诉说想法。最后教师小结:
自我介绍时可以介绍自己的姓名,家庭地址,以及自己外貌的最明显特点,好让对方在最短的时间内认识你,记住你,找到你。
其次是个人爱好特长优点,这样的话,彼此了解,可以有共同的爱好话题,或者相互取长补短,共同提高。
再是介绍个人的性格脾气,这样可以减少误会,彼此理解对方。最后也可以说说缺点,希望得到对方的帮助等。
这时,老师转移话题:如果把自己介绍给对方一定要面面俱到吗?
同学们纷纷表示反对,但是分析原因大都是笼统地说这样太啰嗦了,这样别人会烦的诸如此类的话语,没有考虑到这样面面俱到的介绍别人反而记不住你。最后还是老师自己告诉大家:你想要交什么类的朋友你就把你这方面的内容做具体介绍。为了让这个特点明显可以举大量的事实说明。
二、尝试介绍,生成话题
教师让学生在座位上自己准备一个特点讲讲,并且把自己介绍给同桌或者前后桌同学,让别人给你提提意见,补充事实材料。接下去的场面可算是热闹,大伙儿交头接耳,议论纷纷。我走到一位同学面前开始了交流。他给我介绍的是他的爱好。我们倆交流地挺不错,从开始时他的迷惑和不好意思交流到最后的满足的微笑,我知道他明白了。起身抬头的一刹那,竟发现好多同学在嬉笑,玩闹。多年的教学经验告诉我,他们刚才一定是扯开了话题在闲聊嬉闹。没有懊恼,没有指责,接着就是正常的师生交流,生生互动的自我介绍
三、聚焦个体,共说话题
教师回到讲台问:谁愿意第一个上来向大家介绍自己。下面是冷场。后面有一个男生站起来做介绍。他说:我介绍的是我的一个缺点:我爱管闲事。我看这个话题不错,就趁机启发:你说爱管闲事是缺点,说不定是你的优点,正是你热心的反映呢!你能把你怎样爱管闲事用具体事例告诉大家好吗?本以为为他打开了思路,没想到他却因为我的参与反而不敢往下说。花了好大的功夫才结结巴巴地,语无伦次地,辞不达意地讲了两句。下面听的同学指指点点,甚至哄堂大笑。他当然是面红耳赤,不敢再吱声。我让其他学生纠正,由于没有认真思考,把自己置之话题之外,当然也说不出所以然。接下去让别的同学来自我介绍,大家都有点紧张与担忧。不知不觉中,时间已过去了大半。教师又怕时间不够又开始了唠唠叨叨个没完:什么在介绍中定要有具体事情啦,意思一定要介绍清楚啦等等等等。可以让课堂闪光的地方却匆匆过场,让宝贵的课堂时间白白流失。遗憾!
这个环节自己感觉是最失败的,是我把课堂占用,没有把其他学生放在首要位置,是我自作多情,自作聪明,包办太多,结果适得其反。口语交际的最大特点应该在交际,让学生在交际中学会表达,在交际中学会交往。在这个过程中生生互动,师生互动才是最主要的。可能是在设计上导语上欠吸引学生,没有调动说话交际的积极性,好多学生没有参与其间,变成了只有教师与站起来介绍的同学之间的事情。这样单一的交流当然到不了学生内心需求。另外,在构建和谐课堂,文明课堂中,老师总会忘却生生之间的尊重与生生之间的评价。现在想想,如果这个环节中,我把皮球替给学生也许会起到比较好的效果。比如:听了他的这一句话——我有一个缺点是爱管闲事,你有什么想说或者想问的吗?当他支支吾吾说不下去的时候,老师帮他一把,或者让同学帮他一把可能比让他当场纠正效果会更理想些。这样,也许他不会尴尬,大伙儿会在更和谐的气氛,以更积极的状态参与其中,效果一定会更好。
篇12:英语课堂
全文共 717 字
+ 加入清单英语是香气扑鼻的绿茶,让人神清气爽;英语是神态悠闲的白云,让人浮想联翩;英语是浪花飞溅的大河,让人心潮澎湃。英语课,我的最爱。
每当我们上英语课的时候,老师就会教授我们丰富的知识。我越来越喜欢英语了,因为在英语学习中我找到了许多乐趣。首先是记单词的乐趣。以前我最痛恨记单词,那么多单词像一锅粥似的搅在一块儿,根本分不清谁是谁。有时是和汉语拼音混淆在一起;有时是单词之间互相混淆,把这个单词记成另一个单词;更糟糕的是,我根本不知道自己在拼什么。可是,自从我学习了音标后,我就发现了许多记单词的窍门,比如,许多发音是由固定单词拼写而成的。比如ph发[f]的音,C常发[k]的音。有了学习方法,我觉得英语学习轻松又有趣。它不仅使我多学了一门语言,更为我开启了一扇通往异域文化的大门。现在,我的阅读面扩大许多,不仅看中文故事,还试着读一些英语小短文,我尤其爱看英语幽默,笑话,常常乐得开怀大笑。第一,当然是故事有趣,惹人发笑;第二是因为读懂了,高兴地忍不住想笑。渐渐地,我的阅读理解能力大大提高了。以前,看到文章中生词多,就觉得头晕眼花,有畏难情绪;可现在呢,我不再拒绝新单词了,因为我会根据上下文的意思,猜个八九不离十,即使猜错了,也不影响对整个故事的理解。哈哈,会双语的感觉真好!上课时我们用心地配合老师读单词、学习句子、掌握知识点……老师上课时,当我们回答对了一个又一个的问题,老师嘴里就会不停地说着“good”(棒)、“OK”(好)之类表扬的话,大家完全沉浸在英语的海洋中,欢声笑语久久回荡着。
英语课是我最喜欢的课程,它不仅给我带来了不一样的学习乐趣,而且丰富了我的生活。我真希望和同学们一起分享学习英语的方法和乐趣,一起取得更大进步!
篇13:优秀高中英语作文:英伦玫瑰
全文共 947 字
+ 加入清单When I was very small, I was so obsessed with the movie Harry Potter. I had watched all the series and I was so impressed by the role that acted by Emma Watson. Now so many years have passed, I keep paying attention to her. Emma is as smart as the role she plays. Though she keeps filming movies, she never gives up study. She got full A in her lesson and she could go to any top university, finally she went to Brown University. When she graduated, she was invited to give the speech He For Her. She called the men to be equal with the women. The speech was welcomed by the world and people gave great support. People call Emma the England rose, she is smart and elegant, which sets the good example for the England girls.
在我很小的时候,我是如此痴迷于电影《哈利波特》。我看了所有的系列,给我留下深刻印象是艾玛沃特森扮演的角色。如今许多年过去了,我一直关注她。爱玛如她扮演的角色那样聪明。虽然她不断拍摄电影,但是她从来没有放弃学习。她所有的课程都拿到了A,可以去任何一所顶尖大学,最后她去了布朗大学。当她毕业时,她被邀请去做演讲——《他为了她》。她呼吁男性与女性平等。演讲受到全世界的欢迎,人们给予了大力支持。人们叫艾玛为英格兰玫瑰,她是聪明和优雅,成为英国女孩的榜样。
篇14:高中生优秀英语作文
全文共 1070 字
+ 加入清单Nowadays, electronic music is very popular around the world. First electronic music got popular from Lady Gaga, her creative dressing styles caught people’s attention and then people started to notice her music. They fell in love with her electronic music. Unlike rock and roll music, electronic music is more favorable by me. It makes me excited and I am totally lost in the wonderful music. Once my friends and I went to a music festival. There were so many people standing there and listening to the music. Especially when the DJ came out and everybody got excited. When the DJ played electronic music, my friends and I shook our bodies and joined the crowd to dance. It was such a wonderful experience for me. I will never forget the power of electronic music. It brings people together and share the same emotion.
电子音乐现在在世界各地都很受欢迎。电子音乐是从Lady Gaga开始流行的,她奇特的穿衣风格引起了人们的注意,然后大家开始注意到了她的音乐,并且爱上了她的电子音乐。它跟摇滚音乐不一样,我更加喜欢电子音乐,这可以让我兴奋。我完全迷失在美妙的音乐中。有一次我和我的朋友们去了一个音乐节。很多人站在那里听音乐。特别是当DJ出来时,每个人都很兴奋。DJ播放电子音乐时,我和我的朋友都扭动着身体,加入了人群中跳起舞来。这对我来说是那么奇妙的经历。我永远不会忘记电子音乐的力量,它使人与人走到一起,分享着相同的情感。
篇15:高二年级英语作文:如何选择高中课程
全文共 1044 字
+ 加入清单In China, the period of high school is very important for students, they will go to college after finishing high school. Because there are so many students in our country, the students have to take the college entrance exam, the test will decide which school they should go to. Every student in high school will study many course, when the second year comes, students will choose some courses for the college entrance exam. The first thing they should pay attention to is to measure what subject they are good at. Some students are good at math and geography, these students are always weak in politics, then they should keep on learning science. Some students are good at Chinese and English, they should choose to study art. What if the students are good at both? I will advise them to learn the course they are interested.
在中国,高中时期对于学生来说是很重要的,完成高中的课程以后,他们就要上大学。因为我国有很多学生,因此学生不得不参加高考,高考将会决定他们去哪所学校。每个学生在高中都要学很多课程,当第二年到来的时候,学生将要选择一些针对高考的课程。他们要注意的第一件事就是衡量他们擅长的科目。一些学生擅长数学和物理,他们总是不擅长政治,他们应该继续学习理科。一些学生擅长语文和英语,他们应该选择文科。如果学生两者都擅长呢?我会建议他们选择他们感兴趣的科目。
篇16:写春节的英语作文高中
全文共 802 字
+ 加入清单导语:春节算是中国最热闹的节日,春节那段时间到处都洋溢着热闹幸福的气氛,下面是小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与鉴赏,谢谢。
Spring Festival is the most important festival in China .It‘s to celebrate the lunar calendar ’s new year .In the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .
The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”。 People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .
篇17:关于我的梦想高中英语作文
全文共 718 字
+ 加入清单when we talk about dreams, we are so excited, we have many dreams, such as being a famous person, traveling around the world and so on. dreams are what we pursue for a lifetime, with many dreams, we have motivation to fight for our life. the opposite side of dream is reality, we have to face reality everyday, reality is what we perceive in our life. reality always frustrates us to be successful. we need to balance them. first, we need to face reality, though it is not ideal, we live in a world, we have to know exactly who we are. second, to make our dreams come true, we need to adjust our dreams according to the reality.
in this way, our dreams can achieve. lets work hard together to make our dreams come true.
篇18:高中英语作文:走出迷雾
全文共 1102 字
+ 加入清单John has lived in London for afew years, but he isnt so familiar with that city, because he seldom goes out.One foggy morning, he had to go somewhere to attend an important meeting.
Because of the heavy fog, he was unable to get the right way.
Although he askedmany people for the direction, no one paid attention to him, for they were allin a hurry.
He looked so anxious. At this very moment, a woman came out of thefog and said, “Let me help you, Sir.
Please go with me." John followed thewoman, and then she led him to the right place.
It took them about half anhour. John owed his great thanks to her. However, to his great surprise, hefound that the woman was blind.
“How can you take me here?" John asked. “Ihave been living in London since I was born, so Im very familiar with everystreet in this city." the woman answered.
约翰在伦敦住了几年,但他对那个城市并不是很熟悉,因为他很少出门。
在一个有雾的早晨,他要去参加一个重要会议。由于雾太大,他无法找到正确的方向。虽然他向很多人问方向,没有人注意到他,因为他们都在赶时间。
他看上去很着急。在这个非常时刻,一个女人从大雾中走出来对他说,“先生,我来帮助你吧。请跟我走吧。”
约翰跟着她,之后她带他带到正确的地方。他们大约花了半个小时。约翰非常感谢她。
然而,令他吃惊的是,他发现那个女人是盲人。“你是怎么能带我到这里来?”约翰问。“我从出生开始就一直生活在伦敦,所以我非常熟悉这个城市的每一条街道。”女人回答说。
篇19:保护环境的高中英语作文范本
全文共 1077 字
+ 加入清单As we all know, pollution is harmful to living beings. There are many different types of pollutions in this world. For instance, water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and so on. Water pollution cause many kinds of disease that have negative effects on human beings, sometimes the diseases will take people’s life away. Dirty air will increase the rate of getting lung cancer. While the noise pollution will cause insomnia. People’s health condition will be damaged.
In my humble opinion, people should take measures to control the pollution. Recently, not only the government, but also individual has taken part in the action of protecting the environment. This is a good sign. Rivers are being cleaned, air is purified, and the people come to realize that the importance of protecting the environment.
However, this is not enough, the problems are still exist. Not all of them have been solved. Some factories are still pouring dirty water into the rivers or give off the toxic gas into the sky. We should know that protecting the environment needs everybody’s effort.
篇20:高中英语老师给学生的毕业留言寄语
全文共 1377 字
+ 加入清单Life is like a piano,what you get out of it,depends on how you play it.
No sweat, no sweet.
没有辛勤的劳动,哪有甜美的收获?
There is no end to knowledge.There is no end to perfect character.
读不尽者书,造诣不尽者人品。
Great works are performed not by strength, but by perseverance.
做大事,靠的是毅力而不是力量。
Cease to struggle and you cease to live.
停止奋斗,就等于放弃生活。
Great works are performed not by strength but by perseverance
伟大的工作是源于坚持不懈,而不是一时的热情。
Congratulations on your graduation! Whishing you a future filled with success and joy of seeing your dreams come true.
祝贺您的毕业!希望您有一个成功的未来,感受到梦想成真的快乐。
Boys, be ambitious.
男孩,是雄心勃勃的
Man can survive, only when he has the substance, man can live only when he has ideal.
人依靠物质就能生存,但只有拥有理想时,才叫生活。
Goals determine what you are going to be.
目标取决于您的愿望。
Great hope makes great men.
伟大的愿望成就伟大的人。
An aim in life is the only fortune worth finding. Pursue your object, be it what it will, steadily and indefatigably.
Man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed.
目标专一的人肯定会成功。
Follow your own course, and let people talk.
走自己的路,让别人去说。
Life is a leaf of paper white, thereon each of us may write his word.
There is a limit to ones youth, but no limit to his wisdom. Draw on the limitless wisdom during the short span of youth.
Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, these three alone lead life to sovereign power.
自我尊敬,自知之明,自我控制,这是生活的最高境界。
Character decided the fate ,and knowledge changes ours fate.