给美国的朋友写信 英语作文七年级下册（经典20篇）

my good friend is my a primary school classmates，she name is Chenglin she got to shanghai with her parents a few years ago I’m her best friend。

she is a very kindhearted and beautiful，she also very well for me ，I very love she and miss she have black hair and write derma 。

she have the same hobby as me，she like playing ping-pong so do I，I ofter go to library with him and look the same book together。

Last Igive my best wishes for him I hope she are still happy......

[英语作文我的好朋友

What is a friend? Some people say, "friends are of course to make use of each other!" Someone said: "when he is rich friends, no money call." But I think the true meaning of the word "friend" is not this.

In my personal life, friends list is the first person to Yizhen. "Sharing with people when you are happy is doubled, and sharing with people when you are worried is half." Yes, friends are so annoyed, happy to share.

I remember the most clear one: there was a lot of snow on the lawn of mothers Hospital in a big winter. And I Yizhen to wear thick clothes to walk on, click wipe, click......" A few footprints were printed on the ground. We both laughed and laughed, and we were not happy.

Walk, there are several junior high school students, in a threatening manner the coming towards us, and I Zhen Zhen looked at each other, the sky turned a supercilious and eye contact: "lets go!" (Zhen Zhen) "!" (I) I just turned and was named: "Hello! Say two of you! Come on! " "What do you do?" I whispered, I didnt want my hand to be scratched. "Oh? Big brother, she was scratched, I took her to see! " "All right." His unpleasant answer.

We went to the outpatient department, the nurse aunt gave me a simple treatment and said, "it doesnt matter, fortunately come early, otherwise it will be infected." Its all right. I Zhen Zhen smiled and said: "thank you!" I dont know how my face is red. Is it frozen? Or...? She said, "friends, mutual help is supposed to be, no thank you, but lets be a good friend."

I have happened and my mother said, my mother thought, said: "well, Zhen Zhen is your real friends, friends should help each other."

In class, my best friend is Huang Wu nameplates, she, she is neither tall nor short, not fat or thin figure, round face has a pair of big eyes, small mouth like a cherry, her smile, will show two small dimples.

Her English is very good, read an English book are all she knows, English teacher still let her take to read English!

Performance in the class, she may not be the best of a man! Because sometimes I can also more than her (my math, Chinese and English are not very well) she is my best best best friends, although I have trouble with her several times, but, when she will come with me and finally, when I cry, she is always so sweet, ran over to comfort me; "Whats the matter with you? Dont cry." Huang Wu nameplates, dasey composition of is me, a few times I see her the best, the composition of both the scenery, write, write, write free writing, she is to write very well.

She is my best friend, I am very glad to be with her become good friends!

在班上，我最好的朋友要数黄吴茗茜了，她不高不矮，身材不胖不瘦，圆圆的脸上有一双大大的眼睛，樱桃似的小嘴巴，她一笑，就露出两个小酒窝。

她的英语学的非常好，一本英语本全被她读的滚瓜烂熟了，英语老师还让她带读英语呢!

班上，她可能不是成绩最好的一个人吧!因为有时候我也能超过她(我的数学、语文还有英语都不怎么好)她是我最好最好最好的好朋友，虽然几次我都和她闹矛盾，可是，当最后她会来和我和好，每当我哭的时候，她总是那么贴心，跑过来安慰我;“你怎么啦?别哭了。”黄吴茗茜的作文写的非常我，有几次我看她的作文都打了优加，不管是写景，写人，写物，写自由作文，她都是写的非常好。

她就是我最好的朋友，我很高兴能和她成为好朋友!

A friend is someone who can let you feel warm when you are depressed. I have many friends. However I only have one best friend and its XXX. He is the same age as me. He is taller than me. Basketball is his favourite sport. We are in the same class. He likes studying and is good at it, so he gets high marks. We learn from each other and help each other. He will help me if I ever get into troubles. So will I. I hope our friendship will last forever and ever.

He, my best friend, we are very concerned about each other is also very happy!

Short black hair, with its unique flavor. Often will twinkle in the eyes for eyes. It wears a T-shirt, pants, thick cotton-padded jacket... A child is full of vitality, also make the joke a distress situation.

He is on his way to LiuHu garden, and I in front of a crossroads. "The red light, wait!" I always obey traffic specification, as always stopped.

At this time, the traffic wardens slowly coming to us, parked in front of us, looked him up and down. "He wanted to why ah? Always staring at us, what to do?" A word is a kind of say a feeling.

He, my best friend, we are very concerned about each other is also very happy!

Short black hair, with its unique flavor. Often will twinkle in the eyes for eyes. It wears a T-shirt, pants, thick cotton-padded jacket... A child is full of vitality, also make the joke a distress situation.

He is on his way to LiuHu garden, and I in front of a crossroads. "The red light, wait!" I always obey traffic specification, as always stopped.

At this time, the traffic wardens slowly coming to us, parked in front of us, looked him up and down. "He wanted to why ah? Always staring at us, what to do?" A word is a kind of say a feeling.

When we grow, meet thousands of people, in the crowd come and go, but only a few friends, best friends and even fewer

他，我最好的朋友，我们彼此很关心也很快乐!

短短的黑发，散发着它那独有的气息。眼神中每每都会闪烁着渴求的目光。那穿着T恤、长裤、厚重的棉袄……一个充满着活力的小孩，还闹了一个哭笑不得的笑话。

我和他正在前往柳湖花园的路上，前边有一个路口。“红灯，等下吧!”一向遵守交通规范的我，一如既往地停下了脚步。

这时，交通管理员徐徐向我们走来，停在我俩面前，上下打量着他。“他想干嘛呀?总盯着我们看，要干什么呀?”总之是一种说不出的感觉。

他，我最好的朋友，我们彼此很关心也很快乐!

短短的黑发，散发着它那独有的气息。眼神中每每都会闪烁着渴求的目光。那穿着T恤、长裤、厚重的棉袄……一个充满着活力的小孩，还闹了一个哭笑不得的笑话。

我和他正在前往柳湖花园的路上，前边有一个路口。“红灯，等下吧!”一向遵守交通规范的我，一如既往地停下了脚步。

这时，交通管理员徐徐向我们走来，停在我俩面前，上下打量着他。“他想干嘛呀?总盯着我们看，要干什么呀?”总之是一种说不出的感觉。

在我们的成长中，遇到无数的人，在人群中来来往往，可是朋友却只有那么几个，最好的朋友就更少了

It’s New Year again. In this holiday, sharing is the hottest activity.

People share their lives and discuss hot topic in social lives. Besides, there

are many traditions during theSpringHoliday. For example, in the north, people

will eat dumplings in the New Year’s Day while in the south people will make

Zongzi. Firecrackers and fireworks are essential during the New Year. Now,

people live a much better life than before, so people want to have a lively and

grandFestival. Some are likely to travel while some stay at home and take part

in various activities to enrich their holiday.

美利坚合众国的国旗旗面由13道红白相间的宽条构成，左上角还有一个包含了50颗白色小五角星的蓝色长方形。50颗小星代表了美国的50个州，而13条间纹则象征着美国最早建国时的13块殖民地。下面是由小编为你整理的美国国旗来源英语作文，欢迎大家阅读。

American flag for a rectangular shape, length and width ratio of 19:10 for the Stars and Stripes (the Star-Spangled Banner), the upper-left corner flag for the blue stars surface area of the stars a few provisions in the respective departments, the United States is the state flag on the number of a few of the stars. Star 13 is outside the red and white stripes, 13 stripes on behalf of the original 13 colonies in North America. According to Washington, said: symbol of the United Kingdom with red stripes, white stripes and a symbol of freedom from it. More general argument that the red symbol of strength and courage, a symbol of purity and innocence of white, blue is a symbol of vigilance, perseverance and justice. In 1818 the U.S. Congress pass the bill, red and white flag on the fixed width for the 13, the number of five-pointed star should be in line with several states of America. Each additional state, the national flag on a star to increase, the general in the new states to join the second year after the implementation of July 4. So far has been the national flag to 50 stars, representing the 50 U.S. states. June 14 each year as "the development of the anniversary of the American flag." On this day, commemorative activities held throughout the United States to show respect for the flag and love of America.

美国国旗为长方形，长宽之比为19：10，为星条旗(the Star-Spangled Banner)，旗面左上角为蓝色星区，区内的星数于有关部门规定，美国的州数就是国旗上的星数。星区以外是13道红白相间的条纹，13道条纹代表最初北美13块殖民地。据华盛顿说：红色条纹象征英国，白色条纹象征脱离它而获得自由。更普遍的说法认为，红色象征强大和勇气，白色象征纯洁和清白，蓝色则象征警惕，坚韧不拔和正义。1818年美国国会通过法案，国旗上的红白宽条固定为13道，五角星数目应与合众国州数一致。每增加一个州，国旗上就增加一颗星，一般在新州加入后的第二年7月4日执行。至今国旗上已增至50颗星，代表美国的50个州。每年6月14日为“美国国旗制定纪念日”。在这一天，美国各地举行纪念活动，以示对国旗的敬重和对合众国的热爱。

[美国国旗来源英语作文

I like to make friends so much, because I want to know more about the new things, making friends can broaden my knowledge. But the true friend is really hard to make.

A true friend can say whatever he wants to say, he dares to point out my weakness and helps me to make progress. Though the words are not nice but are good for me, I want to make the true friend.

In the morning, we will gather at the plaza and sing the national anthum.

After taking the pledge, we will go back to class where lessons will soon

began.

After a few periods of classes, it’s recess! Recess is the time when we eat

and play and go toilet. It’s the only time inSchoolwhere all students were

enjoying school life. Too bad it’s only half an hour. After recess, we will go

back to class where chucks of lessons start again.

Sally is my good friend.She is slim with long black hair.She is a pretty

girl with big eyes and small mouth.She is good at English,so she can speak

English very well.She also likes singing and dancing.Well,she likes doing

sports,and she is good at playing badminton.Her favorite hobby is collecting

stamps,so she has many beautiful stamps from all over the world.She is kind and

funny too,all of us like her.

导语：理想的朋友存在于人们的心中。他们应该勤奋，成功和忠诚。当你需要帮助的时候，他们会站在你身边，很高兴伸出援助之手。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Friends can be classified into two kinds, good friends and evil friends. Evil friends lead us astray and may destroy our life, while good ones drive us towards the right and make our life successful.

Two of them exist in our daily life. However, ideal friends exist in people s mind. They should be diligent, successful and loyal. When you need help, they will stand beside you and be delighted to give you a hand. Also you can share your happiness and sorrow together.

In my opinion, friends can share something but they also should keep their own secrets. So I wish my friends wouldn t interfere in my privacy too much. On the other hand, my friends should have Something in common with me, at the same time something special. In this way we can attract each other and learn from each other.

参考翻译

朋友可以分为两种，好朋友和坏朋友。邪恶的朋友会引导我们误入歧途，并可能摧毁我们的生活，而善良的人驱使我们走向正确，使我们的生活成功。

其中两个存在于我们的日常生活中。然而，理想的朋友存在于人们的心中。他们应该勤奋，成功和忠诚。当你需要帮助的时候，他们会站在你身边，很高兴伸出援助之手。你也可以一起分享你的快乐和悲伤。

在我看来，朋友可以分享一些东西，但他们也应该保持自己的秘密。所以我希望我的朋友不会干涉我的隐私太多。另一方面，我的朋友应该和我有一些共同点，同时也有一些特别的东西。这样我们才能互相吸引，互相学习。

He is my best friend, also is the popularity of the best in the class, the students were happy to together with him, because he is always worthy of our learning place.

Remember once the exam, because I am reading a book to see very late at night, and rose up in the morning, due to the tense and forgot to bring my ruler, until it was time for the upcoming exam only to find that, when he is in class exam next door, saw me at the door, worried, and came out, he asked me: "whats wrong with you, how fast the exam, you still hovering outside, isnt it too nervous?" I said: "of course not, Im reading a book to see the very late last night," "then why are you still outside the door back and forth?" Because reading late last night, and woke up this morning was a little nervous, he forgot to bring my ruler, you know, take an examination of mathematics must be ruler drawing, oh, oh, so you wait, also said he ran back, and then come back soon, put him in front of my new ruler is broken, so good, you first take out it, the exam must refueling oh! Then he went back, I stood in the doorway leng for a few seconds, then went back to the seat, of course, the exam was a success.

Another time is crowded bus, he and I are in the class when the bus there were so many people, and dont have a space, such as car after a few stand, less people down, Ill pull him see there are two locations often sitting position, when the car came to a very old old man, looked at him slowly pace, heart began to not worry, when the car is all as if nothing has occurredly sitting, I was just standing, thought that the look of surprise, but he did not for the likelihood of standing next to me, make me have a little embarrassed.

他是我最好的朋友，也是班上人缘最好的，同学们都很乐意与他在一起，因为他身上总有值得我们学习的地方。

记得有一次考试，因为我晚上看书看到很晚，早晨起来的时候，由于紧张而忘记带尺子，直到快要考试的时候才发现的，当时他就在隔壁班考试，看见我在门外转来转去，心急如焚的样子，便走了出来问我说：“你怎么了，怎么快考试了，你还在外转来转去的，是不是太紧张了?”我说：“当然不是了，昨晚我可是看书看到了很晚的，”“那你怎么还在门外来来回回?”就是因为昨晚看书到很晚，而且今天早上起来的时候有点紧张，便忘了带尺子，你知道的，考数学一定要尺子作图的，哦，这样啊，你等着，还不等说完他便跑了回去，接着又马上回来，当着我的面把他新买的尺子折断了， 这样好了，你先拿出用吧，这次考试要加油哦!接着他便回去了，我站在门口愣了几秒，便回到了座位上去了，当然，考试考的很顺利。

还有一次是我和他在下课挤公交的时候，当时公交车上人很多，没有一个空位，等车过了几站，人便少了下来，我看见还有两个位置便马上拉他往往位置上坐，这时车子来了一位年纪很大的老爷爷，看着他慢慢的步伐，心便不由的担心起来，这时车上的人却都若无其事的坐着，我刚好的站着，没想到诧异的目光，他却不为以然的站着我旁边，弄的我都有点不好意思了。

Molly is my new friend.She is 12 years old.She has big eyes and long brown hair.She is tall and thin.She learn at Green school in London and she is good at all subjects.Im proud of her.She favourite hobbies are playing classical music and playing the piano.She is shy,when she with strangers,she feels nervers.She is afraid of dogs.This is my new friend ――Molly.

[英语作文我的新朋友

我的朋友和家人My family and my friend》

My name is Liu Yang . I’m twelve years old . I have a big family .My father is a teacher and my mother is a teacher ,too . My grandpa is a worker and my grandma is a worker ,too . Sometimes my mother and I go shopping . I like reading books .I have sixty books in my home . My grandpa is not very old . He likes watching TV .We are very happy.

Shen Ziwei is my friend .She is twelve years old, too . We are in the same class.She is beautiful .Her hobby is playing the piano and reading books .

At school , she plays games with me . We are good friends .We have a good time every day.

我的名字是刘洋。我十二岁。我有一个大家庭，我的父亲是一位老师，我的母亲也是一位老师。我的爷爷是工人，我奶奶也是工人，太。有时我和妈妈一起去购物。我喜欢读书，我有六十本书在我的家里。我的爷爷不是很老。他喜欢看电视，我们很高兴。

沈紫薇是我的朋友。她十二岁了，太。我们在同一个班，她很漂亮，她的爱好是弹钢琴和看书。

在学校，她和我玩游戏。我们是好朋友，我们每天都很愉快。

[我的朋友和家人英语作文

Dear Santa Claus:

Howdy!Arrive the Christmas festival soon again,did you want to" go to work"

again?Would you still ride the floret deer trailer to come this time?

Can you arrive at my bed front?Do you put previous lists to line up the dry

skates in the socks,like?I liked it too,putting on it many cool!

Can you arrive at the kid sister younger sisters bed front?Sing a lullaby

for her at the time of she cry,coax her to enter the beautiful dream country

quickly and quickly.

You can stop in the sky,to a peaceful seed?The people of now needed it

too,for the sake of these the innocent peoples,letting them feel the sweet.

Santa Claus,you which the gift that come?You are how can anyone know the

children demand what?

Wish you:

Happy every day!Healthy longevity!

My best friend and I get along with each other quite well.But we are so different.He is funnier,more outgoing than I am and im more serious.He is more athletic and likes to play all kinds of sports but I am smarter on study.My friend is wilder than me and I am calmer.He is tall,thin,strong,with short hair,And sometimes he is very careless and lazy.On the other hands,I am short,fat,weak,with shorthair.He is very helpful because I am very lazy and dont want to do any sports.And I will help him with his study.

I think our friendship will last forever.

朋友

我和我最好的朋友相处的非常好,但是我们却各有不同.他比我更有趣,更外向,而我很严肃.他是运动型的,各种体育运动都很喜欢,而我更擅长于学习.

我的朋友相对狂野而我相对沉静.他又高又瘦,但是很结实,留着短发.一些时候他马虎又懒散.与他相比,我显得矮胖,而虚弱.我也是短头发.他很乐于助人,因为我很懒不想做仍和运动.我会在学习上帮助他.

我希望我们的友谊能够持续到永远.

friendship with oneself is all important, because without it one cannot be friends with anyone else in the world.- eleanor roosevelt

we often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. that is the crucial first step if we are to have good relationships with others. how can we have good relationships with others if we dont even have good relationship with ourselves?

the problem might be worse than we expect. maybe we dont like ourselves without realizing it. here is a simple checklist; is there anything you dont like about yourself from these list?

your past

maybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. you might be disappointed with yourself on why you could make such mistakes. even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious mind still has a reason not to like yourself.

your background

you might wish that you were born in different family, or that you have different background. maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others, who seem to get whatever they want effortlessly because of their background.

your personality traits

you might have some personality traits that you dont like. for example, you may be an introvert and you dont like it; you wish you are an extrovert.

1.A father is a treasure, a brother is a comfort, but a friend is both.

父亲是财富，兄弟是安慰，朋友兼而有之。

2.Admonish your friends in private, praise them in public.

在私底下要忠告你的朋友，在公开场合又表扬你的朋友。

3.A common danger causes common action.

同仇敌忾。

4.A friend is a second self.

朋友是另一个我。

5.A friend is best found in adversity.

难见真友。

6.A friend is never known till a man have need.

不到患难时，永远不能认识真正的朋友。

7.A friend is not so soon gotten as lost.

交友慢，失友快。

8.A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.

广交友，无深交。

9.A friend without faults will never be found.

没有缺点的朋友是永远找不到的。

10.A good friend is my nearest relation.

良友如近亲。

11.A joke never gains an enemy but often loses a friend.

开玩笑总不能化敌为友，反而有时会失去朋友。

12.Ale will make a cat speak.

酒后吐真言。

13.A life without a friend is a life without a sun.

人生在世无朋友，犹如生活无太阳。

14.All are not merry that dance lightly.

表面高兴的，未必都快乐。

15.A man is known by the company he keeps.

察其友知其人。

16.A mans actions show his character.

行为可显出一个人的品性。

17.A man who has friend must show himself friendly.

与朋友交，必须友好相处。

18.An honest mans word is as good as his bond.

诚实人的话像他的契约一样靠得住。

19.As the touchstone tries gold, so gold tries man.

试金石可以试金，正如黄金可以试人。

20.A true friend is one soul in two bodies.

真正的朋友好似两个身子长著一颗心。

21.Better an open enemy than a false friend.

明枪易躲，暗箭难防。

22.Better be alone than in bad company.

交损友不如无友。

23.Between friends all is common.

朋友之间不分彼此。

24.Doing is better than saying.

行胜于言。

25.Do not speak of your happiness to one less fortunate than yourself.

不要向不如你幸运的人述说你的幸福。

26.Fair and softly go far in a day.

谦和稳重，前程远大。

27.Fall sick and you will see who is your friend and who is not.

困难见友情。

28.Familiar paths and old friends are the best.

熟路好遵循，老友最可珍。

29.Far from eye, far from heart.

离远而情疏。

30.First impressions are most lasting.

最初的印象最为持久。

31.Flattery brings friends, but the truth begets enmity.

奉承惹人喜，直言招人仇。

32.Forgive others but not yourself.

待人宽，对己严。

33.Fortune smiles upon the brave and frowns upon the coward.

幸运喜欢勇敢的人，而不喜欢怯懦的人。

34.Friendless is the dead.

没有朋友者，等于是死人。

35.Four eyes see more than two.

人多识广。

36.Friends are like fiddle-strings, they must not be screwed too tight.

朋友像琴弦，不能太拧紧。

37.Friends are lost by calling often and calling seldom.

交往过密过疏，都会失去朋友。

38.Friends are thieves of time.

交朋友，费时间。

39.Friendship cannot stand always on one side.

来而不往非礼也。

40.Friendship is love with understanding.

友谊是爱加上谅解。

41.Friendship multiplies joys and divides griefs.

友谊可以增添欢乐，可以分担忧愁。

42.Friendship——one soul in two bodies.

友谊是两人一条心。

43.Friendship should not be all on one side.

友谊不该只是单方面的事。

44.Friendship the older it grows the stronger it is.

友谊地久天长。

45.Friends may meet, but mountains never greet.

朋友可相逢，高山永分离。

46.Friends must part.

天下无不散之筵席。

47.Have but few friends though many acquaintances.

朋友要少，熟人要多。

48.He is rich enough who has true friends.

有真朋友的人是富翁。

49.I count myself in nothing else so happy as in a soul remem-bering my good friends.

我认为，只有在脑海中想起好朋友时我才会那样快乐。

50.Make your enemy your friend.

要化敌为友。

I have a friend,she is lovely.

She has a pair of watery eyes,blink,like two little stars.My hair is short,it is lovely,her eyebrows light,a straight nose and a small mouth.

Speaking of the friend,I think of an honest with her.Once,she come to my house,then I just another friend to play,see she is coming,we can play jump step,on the way,we old people,often jumps several steps ……But she never lie,also said:“ you are not honest,the old people,its not good,not fair.” My friend and I really appreciate her this kind of spirit,will no longer act shamelessly.Playing for a while,we three people played the vegetables carrot soup,I always lose,I begged her to give me a light,less to play a few times,she said:“ to be fair,the rules of the game like,I how to perform,allowed to depend on.” Afterwards,I angrily told her:“ I ignore you,youre no good for me ”。But then I thought:“ I have done anything wrong,she is fair to do this,I can tell her.” Therefore,we made up again.

You want to know who she is?She is my sister,her name is Zhou Yu hu.

我有一个朋友，她活泼可爱。

她有一双水汪汪的大眼睛，一眨一眨的，犹如两颗小星星。头发短短的，很是可爱，她的眉毛淡淡的，有一个上挺的鼻子和一张樱桃小嘴。

说起这个朋友，我就想起一件她诚实的事情。有一次，她到我家来，这时我正好和另一个朋友玩，见她来了，我们就一起玩跳阶梯，在途中，我们老耍赖，还经常多跳几层台阶……可她从不耍赖，还说：“你们在不诚实，老耍赖，这样不好的，不公平。”我和我朋友很欣赏她的这种精神，也就不再耍赖了。玩了一会儿，我们三人又玩起青菜萝卜汤了，结果我一直输，我央求她给我打轻点，少打几下，可她却说：“为了公平，游戏规则怎么样的，我就怎么样执行，不许耍赖。”事后，我愤怒地对她说：“我不理你了，你对我不好”。但是我又想：“是我做得不对，她是为了公平才这样做的，我不能对她有成见。”所以，我们又和好如初了。

你想知道她是谁吗？她就是我的妹妹，她叫周瑜胡。

There are manyFestivals in China. Among them, I like theSpringFestival

most. Not only because it’s the biggest festival in the year, but also because

it’s a new beginning that brings hope to people and it’s time for family

gathering. Before the festival, people come home no matter where they are.

Usually, we have a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. And then families sit

together and share their lives or planes. Some will play games or hang out to

have some fun. On the New Year’s Day, people get up early and say good words to

anyone they meet. Children can get lucky money from relatives. In the following

days, we will visit relative’s home and bring New Year’s wishes to them. In

short, it’s a time for family gathering and all of us enjoy it.

How to learn English well?

How to learn English?Do you know?Here is some advice on me: You should listen to the radio and listhe to the music.You can learn many new words from it.But you cant understand every word.You only need to listen to the key words and main ideas.Why not speak English as much as possible in class?lets try to find some English friends and talk to them.How about reading?You should read English newspaper and English magazines.I think writing is important too.Why dont we write down our mistakes in the notebook?And dont forget to write down the correct answers next to the mistakes.

I hope my advice can help you improve your listening, speaking, reading and writing.