小学英语写作的技巧和方法(经典20篇)

Many people will have an idol in their inner heart. There is one in my

mind. Maybe I cannot say that she is my idol, but she is truly the person has

influenced me the most. She is my mother. When I was very small, she always

telling me that I need to study hard to get more chances to be educated, though

I was a girl. It was her that I earned the chance to go to school. She liked

reading, and sometimes she would give some books for me to read. Now, reading is

one of my hobbies. She always respected my grandma, and took care of her

carefully once she was sick. From her, I know the virtue of respecting the old.

My mother influences my whole life. I love her.

I like eating fruit. Watermelons are my favourite fruit.

Watermelons are big and round. In Cixi, watermelons are very sweet, because they grow on the salty ground.

During summer holiday, I can eat watermelons every day. After eating, I often make a watermelon lantern with my friends. In the evening, we often take the lanterns and play in the park.

My grandmother uses the watermelon peel to make pickled food.(酱瓜) It’s salty, but very tasty.

Watermelons are so useful! Do you like them?

One of my classmates was knocked down by car last term. He was badly hurt. He had to stay in the hospital for several months. We were very sad.

One night, he felt very hungry. He wanted to buy some easy noodles to eat. He ran very fast. He didn’t stop when the traffic lights were red. He couldn’t escape. His legs were injured. He said that was a terrible(可怕的) memory. He said he would obey the traffic rules forever.

Please always remember the traffic rules. It is very important for us. Life is wonderful. Let’s obey the rules at any time.

求职自荐信是毕业生向用人单位自我推荐的直接文件，是决定面试能否成功的关键，因此必须提前写好个人求职自荐信，那么怎样刚毕业求职自荐信该怎么写呢？详细资料可参考以下信息。

求职自荐信是毕业生向用人单位自我推荐的书面材料，是毕业生所有求职材料中至为关键的支柱性文件，其写作质量直接关系到毕业生择业的成功与否。因此，自荐信被称为毕业生求职的"敲门砖"。

自荐信的重点在于"荐"，在构思上一定要围绕"为何荐"，"凭何荐"、"怎么荐"的思路安排，其格式一般分为标题、称呼、正文、附件和落款五部分。

1、标题 标题是自荐信的标志和称谓，要求醒目、简洁、庄雅。要用较大字体在用纸上方标注"自荐信"三个字，显得大方、美观。

2、称呼 这是对主送单位或收件人的呼语。如用人单位明确，可直接写上单位名称，前？"尊敬的"加以修饰，后以领导职务或统称"领导"落笔，如单位不明确，则用统称"尊敬的贵单位（公司或学校）领导"领起，最好不要直接冠以最高领导职务，这样容易引起第一读者的反感，反而难达目的。

3、正文 正文是自荐信的核心，开语应表示向对方的问候致意。主体部分一般包括简介、自荐目的、条件展示、愿望决心和结语五项内容。

简介是自我概要的说明，包括自荐人姓名、性别、民族、年龄、籍贯、政治面貌、文化程度、校系专业、家庭住址、任职情况等要素，要针对自自荐目的作简单说明，无须冗长繁琐。

自荐目的要写清信息来源，求职意向、承担工作目标等项目，要写得明确具体、但要把握分寸、简明扼要，既不能要求过高又不能模棱两可，给人以自负或自卑的不良印象。

条件展示是自荐信的关键内容，主要应写清自己的才能和特长。要针对所求工作的应知应会去写，充分展示求职的条件，从基本条件和特殊条件两个方面解决凭什么求的问题。基本条件应写清政治表现和学习活动两方面内容。

愿望决心部分要表示加盟对方组织的热切愿望，展望单位的美好前景，期望得到认可和接纳，自然恳切，不卑不亢。

结语一般在正文之后按书信格式写上祝语或"此致，敬礼""恭候佳音"之类语名。

4、附件 自荐信附件主要包括个人简历，证书及文章复制件、需要附录说明的材料，也可作为附件一一列出。

5、落款 落款处要写上"自荐人×××的字样，并标注规范体公元纪年和月日。随文处要说明回函的联系方式、邮政编码、地址、信箱号、电话号码及呼机号等。署名处如打印复制件则要留下空白，由求职人亲自签名，以示郑重和敬意。

自荐信写作虽有一定的自由度，但务必要注意文明礼貌，诚朴雅致，特别要注意突出才艺与专长的个体特征，注意展现经验、业绩和成果，精心设计装帧，讲求格式美观雅致、追求庄重秀美，使其象一只报春的轻燕，飞进千家万户，为你带来佳音。

我繁忙的一天 My Busy Day

Sunday ,grandma and grandpa are my house. Everybody is working.

Mum ,grandma and I are downstairs in the kitchen. Mum is washing up.

Grandma is cooking,and I is ironing ,brother is upstairs. He is tidying his

room.

In the garden uncle is sweeping the path, aunt is helping him sweep.

Grandpa and dad are mending the fence. Dad is digging, sister is washing her

dog.

My Sunday is very busy.

我的狗狗(My Dog)

I have a dog. Its name is Doggy. I like it.

Doggy has two big eyes, two small ears, a big nose and a small mouth. Its black and white. It has a short tail. Its cute and lovely.

Doggy is strong. It likes bones, rice and meat very much. My dog is lazy. It can catch a ball. I love my dog very much.

【参考翻译】

我有一只狗。它的名字叫狗狗。我喜欢它。

狗狗有两只大大的眼睛，两只小小的耳朵，一个大鼻子和小嘴巴。它是黑色和白色。它有一个短尾巴。它很可爱和可爱。

狗是强大的。它喜欢骨头，米饭和肉。我的狗很懒。它可以接球。我非常爱我的狗。

去图书馆看书

The weather of today is very comfortable, though the weather forecast said

it is cloudy, but just a little bit rain, very cool.

今天非常炎热，一大早起床就感觉闷热的难受。吃完早饭妈妈让我陪同她去买菜我也没去。因为实在是太热了，感觉动一下手指头身上都在向外冒汗。

The weather forecast said it is cloudy, and friends about to play

basketball, but unfortunately, in the rain can play. Afternoon after the rain

stopped to help my mother to buy food supermarket. Generally bad mood today.

下午到市图书馆看了一下午的书。因为图书馆有空调可以吹，而且书也比家里的多太多了。顺便查了一下日全食的资料。

托福词汇的运用在托福各题型中都起到很重要的作用，在托福写作中，我们也可以通过托福词汇的替换来达到考托福的写作高分。下面，我们就来看一下在托福写作中进行词汇替换的四种方式。

一、使用同义词进行替换

英语和我们中文一样，事实上，会有许多同义词，近义词，反义词等的同类比，所以词汇量积累越大的同学，其在这方面的知识就越多。因此，对于写作来说，寻找同义词替换是一个非常之棒的方法。使用同义词的好处就是首先可以向审核者展示你是一个词汇达人，你的词汇量足够丰富，其次可以让文章富有变化。因此，同义词在文章写作里的运用好坏一定会成为判断你写作好坏的一个标准。审核者认同你的同时，会给你一个好的分数。

二、使用各种形式的同根词进行替换

英语学的好的同学，自然是会明白英语词汇里有同根词。这种同根词要明白，他们其实是通过对单词的变换来吸引审核者的眼睛的。这种吸引他们并获得高分的方式，你不妨试一下。一些单词我们都十分明白，可以在他们懊悔面或者是在后面加上一些前缀或者是后缀并产生很多新的词汇。而且这些词汇会让我们避免在文章中过多地重复利用某一个熟悉的词，这样会让文章看上去变化多，而且层次也丰富。

三、使用短语进行替换

托福写作中，允许你使用各种各样的短语，只要你是一个短语达人，那么你就开始运用这些短语吧。这些短语用的好，不仅让你的文章看上去节奏感强，而且更能准确而精确地表达你想要表达的意思。在一些特殊的情况下，因为有好些不同的短语要吧表达同样的意思，那么就用这种方式来替换你本身想要进行的表达。

四、综合运用自我方法进行替换

经过了许多方法的练习后，你一定会形成一套属于自己的方法，自己最熟悉，最喜欢运用的方法。那么，好的，这就是我们练习所要达到的一个目的。现在，你懂了，下面就是开始运用综合性的方法来进行替换了。那么，你准备好了吗?我们在使用同义词替换的时候，也可以把原句进行结构上的变换。那么这样做就是让审核者最终发现你所写的句子和原来的截然不同，但是意思却是一样的，会让他们觉得你是一个改句子的达人哦。

总结

不管如何讲，在托福写作中，想要让自己的文章更吸引人，光变换单词是不够的，我们还要把单词和句子的结构进行有机的调整和变换，并把两者结合使用，从而让自己的文章更丰富多彩，在后面的文章中，小鱼儿就会托福的写作进行更加多的方法分享。请大家关注并积极参与。

Earth is our home, plant and animals are our friends. We cannot live without plants and animals. we should .live with them harmoniously。

But how can we do that? Here are some things that we can do for them. Try to protect them. we should stop cutting down the trees. And stop killing the animals. we should protect their homes, and make a better Environment for them.

I like Leigang park.

In the Leigang Park, we can see many trees and flowers there. Some flowers are red, and some are purple. The trees are big and tall. We can see a hill in the park. At the foot of the hill, we can see many houses and many roads.

There are many people in the park. Some are walking and singing. Some are dancing or playing games.

All the families are having a good time in the park.

1994.6

Directions:

For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: The Career I Pursue.

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1994.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic We Need to Broaden Our Knowledge.

You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 科学技术是社会发展所不可缺少的

2. 社会科学和自然科学相互渗透

3. 现代大学生需要广博的知识

1993.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View On Opportunity. You must base your composition on the following instructions (give in Chinese):

有的人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都会有某种机会。你的看法如何？

写出你的理由并且适当举例。在你的文章结尾处不要忘记写出你的结论。

Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write it neatly.

1993.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Motorcycles And City Traffic. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.近年来中国城市的摩托车

2.摩托车的优点和缺点

3.你对我国城市中摩托车发展的前景的看法

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1992.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Looking Forward to the Twenty-First Century. Your composition should be based on your answer to the following question written in Chinese:

1.新世纪科技发展的前景如何？

2.新的科学技术会给社会带来什么好处？

3.新的科学技术会带来什么问题？

4.你怎样对待新世纪的挑战战？

Your composition should be no less 120 words.

1992.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph which shows the change in the number of film - goers and TV - watchers in a certain city. The title of the composition is: Film Is Giving Way to TV. You should write no less than 120 words for your composition and it must include the following ideas (given in Chinese):

1.电影观众越来越少

2.电视观众越来越多，因为……

3.然而，还是有人喜欢看电影,因为…….

Quote as few figures as possible. Remember to write your composition in readable handwriting.

1991.6

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the graph below.

The suggested Title is: Car Accidents Declining in Walton City. Remember that your composition

must be written according to the following outline:

1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;

2.Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;

3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.

Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as

possible.

1991.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Man Is to Survive. You should base your composition on the following outline:

1.人类面临的问题（如能源，疾病，污染，人口等）

2.悲观的看法（如人类将无法生存）

3.人类的智慧出路

Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Be sure to write your composition in readable handwriting.

1990.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities. Four suggested solutions to this problem are listed below. You are supposed to write in favour of one suggestion (ONE only) and against another (ONE only). You should give your reasons in both cases. You should write no less than 120 words. Remember to give a short introduction and a brief conclusion. Write your composition clearly.

四种可能解决住房问题的方案：

1.多造高层建筑

2.向地下发展

3.建造卫星城市

4.疏散城市人口

1990.1

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic according to the following OUTLINE. Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember that the contents of the OUTLINE should ALL be included in your composition. But you are not supposed to translate the OUTLINE word for word.

OUTLINE

问题：城市交通拥挤

解决方案（solution）

1.建造(lay down)更多道路

优点：(1) 降低街道拥挤程度

(2) 加速车流（flow of traffic）

缺点：占地过多

2.开辟（open up）更多公共汽车线路

优点：减少自行车与小汽车

缺点：对部分人可能造成不方便

结论：两者结合

2016六级写作突破笔记(七)

题型分类 (Classification of every essay):

一、第一种题型（对比观点选择题；Essay I）:

(一)题型特点：

1、 大多为三点提纲，提纲模式一般为：有一些人……；还有人……；我的看法或观点；

2、少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况，此时可以补充成三点提纲来写作。

(二) 历年真题：

2000.6； 1999.6； 1998.6； 1997.6； 1996.1；1995.6；1993.6； 1993.1

二、 第二种题型（社会热点话题；Essay II）:

(一)题型特点：

1、 应该为三点提纲，但是通常以两点提纲出现的题目居多，所涉及主题为当时社会热点；

2、如果是两点提纲，则补充成三点提纲写作。

3、通常模式为：现象概述--细节（原因、危害、方式等）--自我评论

(二)历年真题：

2002.12； 2000.12； 2000.1； 1999.1； 1997.12； 1995.1；

三、第三种题型（图标题；Report; Essay III）:

（一）题型特点：

1、 以图表作为信息来源的写作模式

2、通常模式为：描述图表--解释原因--自我评论

（二）历年真题：

2003.6; 2000.6； 1996.6； 1992.1； 1991.6

四、第四种题型（书信题； Essay IV）:

(一) 题型特点：

1、写书信

（二）历年真题：

2001.6； 2002.1；

五、第五种题型（谚语格言题； Essay V）:

(一) 题型特点：

1、文章题目为一句格言或谚语

2、通常模式为：解释谚语--举例论证--画龙点睛

(二) 历年真题：

1997.1；

1999.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic. Dont Hesitate to Say "No"

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们说"不"。

2.为什么有些人在该说"不"的时候不说"不"。

3.该说"不"时不说"不"的坏处。

1998.6

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck?

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。

2. 我认为数字和运气无关，……

1998.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities.

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given on Chinese) below:

1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害。

2. 怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品。

1997.6

Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Job-Hopping

You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为…

2. 有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为…

3. 我的看法。

1997.1

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 为什么说"欲速则不达"。

2. 试举例说明。

1996.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the grouphs below.

Heaalth Gains in Developing Countries

Life Expectancy Infant Mortality

1996.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Why I Take the College English Test Band 6, You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.有人认为没有必要参加大学英语六级考试

2.我参加CET－6考试的理由

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1995.6

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？

2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？

3.我的看法

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

1995.1

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese).

1.现在有些不良的商业广告

2.这些广告的副作用和危害性

3.我对这些广告的态度

You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on the Composition Sheet and remember to write in readable handwriting.

2016六级写作突破笔记(三)

典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：四段比较好

（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；可以用问句开头How should people ……

（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。

（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；

（2）本段的支持性分论点；

（3）本段总结（可以省略）。

（转）Paragraph III：（1）承上启下的过渡句；

（2）提出另一种观点或缺点；

（3）本段的支持性分论点

（4）本段总（可以省略）。

（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；

（2）给出自己的观点。

④14分

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.（启）

注：1.第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解

Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）

注：1.本段总分总结构

2.they argue that = they think that

3.with the development of...

4.whats more 递进关系，moreover

But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（转）

注：1.But 转折词

2.they emphasize that = they think that

3.todays society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比

4.许多知识 a wide range of/a large scope of/much；获取知识 acquire/get knowledge

5.knows nothing→little；he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉

Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（合）

There is a lot to be said for both sides on the argument. But I hold the opinion that……

①11分

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.

Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.

注：1."people, who"应去掉逗号，改为非限制定语从句。

2.they suggest that = they think that

3.touch 碰，闪光点词汇，如教材P7：shoulder the responsibility of doing sth. 肩负起责任

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that "to know more, to read more". So they believe that reading extensively is better.

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

实例二 99年6月真题

Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

Outline: 1.有人认为读书要有选择

2.有人认为应当博览群书

3.我的想法

①11分

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.

Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that "to know more, to read more". So they believe that reading extensively is better.

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.

②5分

I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.

失分原因：分段太少，语法错误太多

③2分

Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction.

Selective books or reading extensively?

Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,

on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us.

On another hand. Someones interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldnt reading at only one level.

I confirmed all of these ideas were good but werent wise.

As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Dont treat these books with reckless abandon.

The best technology of reading is connect.

失分原因：分段太多，语法错误太多

④14分

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.

Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.

But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.

Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.

⑤8分

Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people.

Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.

It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.

失分原因：结构失调，表述方式单一

写作原则

内容简单化

结构模式化（主题句-分论点-总结）

语言要包装

错误要回避

万能理由 (Omnipotence)：

1、方便：convenient/convenience

2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency

3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thrift

waste time/money/space; costly, lavish

4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,

considerate, confident, creative, sociable,

perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative

5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic

6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax

tired, boring, lonely

7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty

8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk

9、经验：experience, social experience, enter the society

10、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely

基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：

越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of

人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that

许多问题：a host of/a number of problems

引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.

意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger

适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change

接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems

接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society

获得成功：achieve/accomplish success

提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions

作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)

影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work

产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on

较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life

剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity

取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way

采取措施：take effective steps/measures to

控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment

躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge

满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of

补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage

解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon

对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into

把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to

品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth

培养对……的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in

经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience

表现出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image

生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice

追求学习/职业：pursue ones academic interest/professional career

学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill

被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example

交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge

发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part

逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture

知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience

确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard

到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective

克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty

面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty

阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth

阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of

持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom

发表看法：voice/express ones opinion

持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view

揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of

求得帮助：enlist ones support/help

缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)

把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to

对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to

施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on

重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to

强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on

把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon

提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.

抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity

得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information

有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that

展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of

开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)

对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me

带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint

献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career

大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference

真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is …

改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life

建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice

进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment

辞去工作/学习：leave/quit ones job/work/school

参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race

参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion

影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude

进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals

实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hops/wish/desire)

减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension

提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership

提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability

加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of

随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society

开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) ones mental horizons

有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of

有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem

迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune

把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.

利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent

把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/good use

取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in

充分发挥潜力/能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability

充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for

Dear Mr. Williams,

Thank you for your letter of congratulation on my exam results. I was very pleased to hear from you. The results were a great relief. I did much better than I thought I would.

We are having a celebration party on Saturday 22 May and we shall be pleased if you can come. It is a party for me, but my parents and some of their old friends are joining in, so you will find "real people" as well as teenagers to talk to.

The party starts at half past six- drinks, and a buffet supper later. You said in your letter that youve given up driving, so my father will meet you with the car at San Mateo station. Please let me know what time your train arrives.

There is a good train back to San Palo at 10:30 and well arrange transport for you to catch that. I hope that wont be too late for you. It would be a pity if you had to leave while the party was still in full swing.

I do hope that you will be able to come.

Yours sincerely,

Lily Chen

My father

My father is very busy. Every day he goes to work by subway. He teaches math at school, His math is very good! In the afternoon, he eats lunch at school. After lunch, he reads newspapers. Then he goes home at 5:30. He eats dinner. Then, he takes a bath in the evening. He watches TV at living room. After watching TV, he goes to bed at 10:00.

My father works hard. I like my father very much!

【参考翻译】

我父亲很忙。他每天都坐地铁去上班。他在学校教数学,数学很好!下午,他在学校吃午饭。午饭后,他读报纸。然后他5:30回家。他吃晚饭。然后,他在晚上洗澡。他在客厅看电视。看电视后,他十点上床睡觉。

我父亲努力工作。我非常喜欢我的父亲!

写作能力，本质上是一种书面语言的组织能力，跟口头语言的原理是差不多的。

我们知道，孩子说话会有沉默期，写作能力也有沉默期。

沉默期的孩子其实也在不停息的进行学习，但是这种学习可能是一种无意识的学习，

最近心理学界有个热门词汇“内隐学习”、“内隐记忆”，就是说的这种现象。

内隐学习对应的是外显学习，外显学习我们容易理解，就是师傅教徒弟，你一句我一句这样。

或者给一道题目，想办法做出来。

内隐学习是无意识的学习，婴幼儿学语言是最典型的内隐学习。其实这种现象古人也意识到了。古人说“厚积薄发”，还说“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”，都可以看做内隐学习的一种表达。

就写作能力而言，这种能力的形成也是很大程度来自内隐学习的。

着名语言学家克拉申曾经就写作能力做过很严谨的调查，他发现，建立在大量的，有兴趣基础上的阅读（也包括听读），对于提升作文能力最有帮助。

首先要保证量，也就是厚积，没有一定量的积累，是没法薄发的。这个积累过程可能就是沉默期的由来。同时要有兴趣。兴趣不仅仅是好玩，有趣，更重要的是能保证这种阅读是可理解性输入。因为没有人能对自己不懂的东西感兴趣，特别感兴趣的东西肯定是自己的能力能够很好驾驭的。用兴趣这个指标，可以保证孩子自主选择那些保证他能可理解性输入的内容。

这比老师或者家长随便扔给他一本书要强得多。

为了保证可理解性输入的效果，克拉申又提出了窄读（narrowreading）的概念。就是阅读的题材要相对集中，比如围绕一个作家来读，围绕某个系列读，这样就不会遇到很多生词或者减少因不熟悉背景而造成的理解困难。

很多家长由于缺乏这些教育常识，往往发现孩子作文能力不佳就到社会上寻找作文辅导班来帮助。大多辅导班只追求短期效应，教给孩子一些糊弄老师的方法。

糊弄老师，实际上就是糊弄自己。

正确的做法是，孩子的作文写不好，不要着急。相信孩子仍处于沉默期。与此同时，让孩子加大阅读量，听读量（听读就是听广播，评书，故事，小说，广义上也包括看语言类的电视），激发孩子的求知欲和兴趣。

卡通片虽然也让孩子感兴趣。不过要看是不是有丰富语言与故事的。如果多是动作与打斗，对语言能力的提升意义不大。

玩电子游戏，则更多是刺激孩子的原始能力脑区：如攻击与防御，对于孩子的语言能力，认知能力提升不大。甚至有种说法，过于沉迷游戏会造成认知能力的下降（也就是智商降低）。

现在孩子写作文越来越早。应该说，多练笔不是什么坏事。起码可以巩固现有的成果，也可以帮助家长评价目前孩子所处的水平。

但是，不要以多写作来代替阅读。更不要因为孩子写作文不好而加大写作量，这样做是不会提升作文水平的，只能原地踏步。

写作练习要适度，输入量要加大。

而且，孩子写作的每篇作文都要存档。让孩子形成作品意识，系统意识，创作意识。这种归档的方法，甚至打印成册的做法，能够帮孩子树立一种成就感。因为家长重视他的劳动成果。不仅仅孩子，成人也是如此，比如大家给我投票后，我的写作积极性明显提高。因为感到自己的努力受到了重视。

在国外，写作文还承载着一些“学术”功能。比如实验报告，讨论提纲，调查报告，小论文等等。这个过程，其实是在锻炼孩子的思维能力和素材搜集能力。有时候，这个搜集材料的过程比作文的结果更加锻炼人。

我的沉默期比较久，一直到小学四年级开始才写了一些小日记。一共坚持了一周，水平还不如现在许多一年级的孩子。但是到了五年级，仅仅一年时间，水平就开始爆发。到了六年级得了市级作文竞赛的一等奖。

这个沉默期里，我一直没有停止过有兴趣的阅读。因为是自主阅读，我都是真读，真读就是读或者收听那些自己真正能懂的东西，而假读，有时候是糊弄老师和家长，装模作样的读。我看到一些家长时不时扔给孩子世界文学名着来读就觉得担心。比如《好老师不如好妈妈》这本书中提到，不许孩子读缩微的世界名着，只能读那些原版名着。

这种做法很可能是违背可理解性输入这个原则的。这种阅读往往是一种假读。世界文学名着，因为翻译的时候是用比较欧化的语言，阅读起来，语感上就很吃力。而且文学名着可不是故事书，人物众多，含义深刻，看《战争与和平》这样的书，光人物关系就能把人搞晕。

所以，阅读要真读，要理解阅读的真谛，要理解阅读与写作能力的真正联系。要真正做到可理解性输入。我大量的听各种广播节目。那个时候家里也没电视，广播是很好的伙伴。然后，阅读量很大。少年百科丛书出一本我就买一本，中国历史故事，中国革命历史故事，自然地理入门，成语故事，来自西方的故事，少年文艺，儿童文学，以及一些优秀作文选，对这类书爱不释手。后来对于历史故事饥渴到要拿来初中教材阅读。

每个人最终都能学会说话，大多数人都能学会游泳，骑自行车，作文能力实际上不是一种多么高深的能力。原则上，只要坚持可理解性输入，大部分人都能写好作文，有一个比较好的文笔。

至于中学时写的说服性文字，如议论文，则需要专门的思维训练，那就是另外一套学习方法了。但是无疑，小学时打下的文字基础，会对议论文的写作有很大帮助。

儿童时期的真读（有效阅读，可理解性阅读）之所以重要，是因为这一时期可以为一生奠定基础。我在高中时候学习历史，地理非常省力，因为小学时候的基础这个时候竟然还起作用。我小学时候奠定的写作基础，让我在高一，高二分别获得全市作文竞赛一、三等奖。这种成功让我萌发了成为一名作家的理想，并在此激励下，考入北大中文系。就我而言，一生的发展路线图，在小学时便已经奠定了。

其实想一想也不奇怪，小学六年，中学六年，一样长的时间，可中学有那么多学科，那么多习题，往往疲于奔命，哪里还有什么时间让我们去凭着兴趣真读？所以，小学时候这宝贵的阅读时光错过了，到了中学就比较难以弥补了。

Dear Sir,

I would like to apply for the post of Works Manager, which was advertised in The Guardian of I2 October 2004. I feel that my qualifications and experience are ideally suited for the position.

I was born in 1968, and I went to school from 1973 to 1988. In 1987 I took the General Certificate of Education, and I got good grades in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. After leaving school, I attended the Orient Technical College, where I first studied Fiber Technology and Color Chemistry; later I studied other subjects related to textile manufacture, and in 1991 I obtained the Diploma in Textiles.

After completing my studies, I joined the Top Clothing Company where I worked until 1996. In that year I moved to Prior Productions, who was pleased with my work, and as a result, in 1998, I was promoted to Assistant Works Manager there.

I enjoy my work, and I am prepared to work hard. Moreover, I am sure that Prior Productions would give me an excellent reference. I therefore feel that my application deserves your serious consideration.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Mary Ma

almost everyone has seen bamboo. bamboo grows up straight and thin, with branches at the top. it has long leaves.it looks like a tree, but it is really a kind of grass.

there are more than five hundred kinds of bamboo. some grow over ten meters tall, and some are only a few inehes tall. bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and it rains often.

the long stem of bamboo is hollow, which makes them light and strong.people use it to build houses and bridges over rivers. it can be used to make tables,chairs, baskets and many other things. bamboo is also made into paper. the tender young shoots of bamboo are tasty. people like to eat them.

do you like bamboo?

一：用介词短语替代从句，例：

原句：While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

原句：When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

二：删除诸如"who is”或"that is"之类的关系代词，变从句为短语，例：

句：The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

修改后：The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

注：把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。

三：剔除你不需要的单词，例：

Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call.

写完这样的句子后，你自己再读一遍，挑出单词"joint"和"telephone"，注意删去不必要的词。

英语写作注意两点

一、先审题，弄清写作要求审题是写好作文的前提，也是书面表达的基础。如果写偏了题，语言表达再好也很难得高分。审题时要注意两个方面：

1.认真地看两遍题目，包括提示，全面了解写作要求。

2.理清思路，确定体裁、框架结构和内容。

二、用英语进行思维英语写作时必须排除汉语思维的干扰。

从现在起应逐渐加大阅读量和听的输入量，将阅读、听力训练与书面表达有机地结合起来。经常体会和领悟作者传递信息和表达思想的方式。在话题讨论和写作中经常运用所学到的表达方式就会有所创造。还要尽量做到“五多”：多看、多听、多思考、多用心体验和感悟身边的人和事、多用英语说和写自己的体验和感受。

My chinese name is 范依昀。My English name is Kate. Brown. My family name is Brown. My first name is Kate. I’m 12 years old. I am chinese. I’m from Huzhou. I have many hobbies. I like playing football, and playing computer. I like blue best. I have a friend. Her name is 蒋姣姣。 She looks happy, she is lovely. I like her very much. She likes watching TV and singing.there is three people in my family, my father, mother and me. My father is a doctor, my mother is a doctor too. I like them very much. I am happy every day. My telephone number is ********. Welcome to my home.

班主任评语：very good! Your hand-writhing is very nice.

Today is the New Year’s Day. I have a three-day holiday, so I can go out have fun or stay at home to have a good rest. Today, my parents take me out. We go to the mall. Many things are cheap so my mother buys many. I have a new cloth and a pair of shoes. I am so happy. They are the gifts for the New Year. At night, we have a big dinner outside. The foods are so delicious. Today is a happy day.

员工提出辞职，一般情况下，是需要向单位递交正式的辞职信的。辞职信本身，作为员工的一种结束与单位之间劳动关系的意思表示，是具有法律效力，并且会对劳动关系结束的性质、双方责任的划分产生最有决定性的影响。因此，员工在写辞职信时，是需要慎重思考，绝对有必要三思而后行的。

为了使员工能够更好地保护自己的权利，我们从实践中碰到的员工因为提出辞职而利益受损的几个案例，总结出以下需要注意的方面，供想辞职的员工参考：

1、了解辞职权利的性质；

作为一名员工，在写辞职信之前，不要仓促行为，也不要意气用事。想辞职时，就先要想清楚，你想行使的是哪一种辞职的权利，这种性质的判断，是需要一定的法律基础的。

员工辞职的权利，共计有三种，其一是与单位协商，这是不需要员工单独拟写辞职信的；其二是员工提前三十日提出辞职，这种辞职的权利是一种预告解除劳动合同的权利，在现实中还是受到一些限制的，而且有可能会承担向单位支付违约金的责任，因此，在行使这种权利时，作为员工，应当深思一下；其三是即时辞职权利，这种辞职权利，员工是不需要向单位承担任何赔偿或者违约责任的，但是这种辞职需要法定的理由。

2、寻找合适的辞职理由；

在想清楚辞职权利的前提下，员工需要确定自己选择哪一种性质的辞职，并且在确定之后，寻找合适的辞职理由。协商解除，只需要双方同意即可，不需要特别的理由；预告解除，只需要提前三十日通知即可，也不需要特别的理由；即时辞职，需要特别的理由，其理由形式主要为单位不依法缴纳社保或者拖欠工资或者不付加班费等诸种情形。

3、措词温和，不可激化矛盾；

找到合适的理由之后，在具体行文时，不可语气过于生硬，不可因辞职信本身而与单位激化矛盾。但是更不可过于委曲求全，不敢宣告理由而使自己被动。

4、顺利取得相应的证据；

员工对于自己辞职的行为本身、辞职的理由负有举证责任。因此员工在辞职前、辞职时就应当有意识地保留相应的证据。比如领导签过字的辞职申请，自己写的辞职信，单位发的工资条等各种证据，需要切记的是，证据需要是原件。

5、作好仲裁或者诉讼的心理准备。

如果你与单位之间的劳动合同中约定了违约金的话，就要做好单位可能会向你索要的心理准备；如果你的档案存在单位的话，就要做好单位可能会扣留档案的心理准备；如果你的社保关系在单位的话，也要做好单位不给你办转的心理准备吧。

总之，辞职跳槽本身对于员工来说，是一个有风险的行为。在做出这个行为之前，需要深思并做好承担风险的心理准备，并且需要储备相应的法律常识来保存对自己有利的证据，必要时，也需要求助于专业律师为妥。

Happy Weekend

Hello, Im Ni Minya. Im going to have a happy weekend!

On Saturday, Im going to visit my uncle. He lives in a small country. When Im going to visit him, I will be very happy.On Sunday, Im going to go shopping. I will buy many things that I like.

So this will be a happy weekend. And you?

【参考翻译】

快乐的周末

你好，我是倪明亚。我将有一个愉快的周末!

上周六，我要去看望我的叔叔。他住在一个小国。当我去看望他，我会很happy.On星期天，我要去逛街。我会买我喜欢的东西。

因此，这将是一个快乐的周末。你呢?

What a happy day

Today Im very happy,after I have breakfast,I go to park.

Its a sunny day ,the bird is singing,Im singing too.When I get to park,I see some girls are playing games ,so I join them.We play very happy.Then I have lunch with my friends.We both have a good time.what a happy day!

【参考翻译】

多么快乐的一天

今天我很高兴，毕竟我吃早餐，我去公园。

这是一个阳光灿烂的日子，小鸟在歌唱，我也唱歌.当我去公园的时候，我看到一些女孩在玩游戏，所以我加入他们.我们玩的很开心.接着我一起吃午饭我和我的朋友.我们两个有一个很好的时间.多么快乐的一天!