英语作文写作指导之邮件【最新20篇】

1、精读文章，找到“感点”

精读文章，就要做到一遍又一遍地读，细细地品味。只有在精读中，我们才能深刻地体会人物的内心世界和思想感情。苏轼说过：“旧书不厌百回读，熟读深思子自知”就是这个道理。

文章中令人感动、引人思考的“点”，可能是文章的主要内容，也可能是文中的一个画面、一个感人的情节，总之，哪一点最令你感动，哪一个地方拨动了你的心弦，哪一点就应该是你读后感文章中的“感点”。

例如：我们五年级上期学习了《半截蜡烛》这篇课文。“杰奎琳镇定地把烛台端起来，向几位军人道过晚安，上楼去了。正当她踏上最后一阶楼梯时，蜡烛灭了。”这段描写我们谁都不会忘记，此时我们的心情和小女孩一样紧张，当“蜡烛熄灭”的时候，我们和这家人一起松了一口气，同时我们也从心底深深地佩服这勇敢的母子三人，更佩服这位勇敢而聪明的小姑娘。看到这里，同学们一定有许多话要说，自然，也就找到了“感点”。

同学们在写读后感的时候，最主要的是谈自己的感想，可以结合全文来谈，也可以结合文章中的某一点来谈，谈自己的体会，自己的看法，自己这样做以后的后果……这样，同学们认识问题的能力，表述自己的观点的能力就会1步步提高。

2、结合“感点”，展开联想

好的作品给人的感受是多方面的，如果我们面面俱到，哪1点都不会谈清楚。只有围绕自己受到启发教育最深的一点并结合生活实际，抒发自己的感想和心得，才会写出优秀的读后感来。

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + haveever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：

Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)

例句：

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)

例句：

There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)

例句：

It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)

例句：

There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)

例句：

An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)

例句：

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)

例句：

So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)

例句：

Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more+ Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...，..能够..)

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)

It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)

It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)

例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.(过去...年来，...一直...)

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

例句：It pays to help others.

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、be based on (以...为基础)

例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)

例句：We should bring home to people the valueof working hard.

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~(因为...)

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十三、do good to (对...有益)，do harm to (对...有害)

例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去...)

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

从前路途迢迢，车马很慢;从前日子清苦，感情很深。一生只一人，为爱而坚守。

我们都希冀着自己能有一份爱情，或平淡如水，或热烈如火，或沉默无言，或嬉笑怒骂……不管是什么样子，只要是和爱的人，便足矣。我们都向往牵了手便能执此一生的爱情，却活在了一个快节奏的时代。没有过多的感情基础，小吵小闹就一拍两散。这样的爱情让我感到害怕，爱情不应该是磨合与坚守吗?

直到我看到余华笔下的两位老人，终于明白了，为爱坚守是什么。《活着》中的“福贵”与“家珍”两位老人带给了人们太多的思忆。大多数人为富贵而感伤着，但我却因“家珍”而动容。

家珍的一生都奉献给了福贵与儿女，但有一件事，她是为自己而活着的，那便是她的爱情，她执著坚守着的爱情。福贵钱财散尽后，家珍的爹用红轿子把她接回了家，不想她跟着福贵过那穷困潦倒的生活。家珍离开了，

福贵的娘知道让家珍留下只能过苦日子，所以离开也是人之常情。家珍离开时不曾说什么，心里从未与福贵分开。果然在生下有庆之后家珍回来了，回到了福贵身边，

回来陪福贵过苦日子了，世上怎会有那么傻的人。她要回到福贵身边，想必家人定是万般阻挠，她不惜让父亲伤心失望，只为回到福贵的身边。只要身边是你，日子清苦还是富裕，我都甘之如饴。

他是她的劫，她的一生都在陪伴着他，他是富贵公子哥，她就在家中为他生儿育女，照顾家人;他是落魄农民弟，她便洗手做羹汤，下地干活，与他撑起一个家。不管你是贫穷还是富裕，我都相携相守，这便是爱的坚守。

要有多幸运，你爱的人，终有一日也会怜你，惜你，爱你。还好家珍等到了，她的爱得到了回应。家珍得了软骨病，一开始能做一些轻的活，后来竟连床都下不了了。连饭都吃不饱的年代，家里有一个生病的人，对一个家庭来说，那担子得有多重啊。

家珍心里难受，自责，福贵宽慰她，不曾责怪。自己被肩上的担子压得喘不过气，却还是不忍所爱之人皱眉。这让我想起了我的父母。母亲经常头痛，到医院检查后，需要一笔钱医治。

母亲整日发愁，怪自己不争气。我们心里都不好受，但也无计可施，在火炉旁，一家人静默无言，炉子里发出噼啪声，那不知趣的火花在跳动着。“有我在，别怕”耳边话语声传来，只见一双黝黑的大手覆在了另一双泛黄粗糙的手上。

你安好，我们一起为未来努力;你有恙，我便为你闯出一片天，带你一起走向我们的未来。只愿心上人安然无恙，哪怕肩负重担，也无怨无悔。不管生老病死，我都相依相守，这便是爱的坚守。

斗转星移，万物凋零，唯有那坚守着的爱，亘古不变。

它往往以社会生活中的种种现象作为评论的对象，上至国家大事，小到凡人琐事， 有感而发，作出深刻评论。它可以是对先进的新生事物赞颂、褒扬;也可以是对落后丑恶现象批评、鞭挞;还可以就某一社会问题进行分析，阐发某种具有现实意义的道理。此类文评的对象是事实，所以叙是基础,议是叙的目的，是主。时评是论说文，但它在对事件作出理性判断和分析时并不排斥情感的作用，即要亦理亦情。

作文示例：

1、最近，人教社出版的中学教材决定减少鲁迅作品，引来非议。中学教材里鲁迅作品是否保留，保留多少，历来有不同的意见，各有理由，相持不下。

对此，你有什么意见?写一篇不少于800字的短评。

2、北大教授季羡林以98岁高龄辞世，上至中央领导，下至普通百姓，都纷纷悼念这位德高望重、著作等身的大学者;各种媒体也大量报道。就一个学者而言，这样的规格和影响在新中国历史上是空前的。这背后的原因是什么?仅仅是痛失一位学贯中西博通古今的学者吗?

对此你有怎样的思考?写一篇不少于800字的短评。

3、2009年9月9日，恰逢“三九合一”，“天长地久”的幸福寓意让很多青年男女选择在这个良辰吉日喜结良缘，登记结婚，讨一个好兆头，希望能为婚姻生活开个好头。中国人这种讨个好兆头的心理比较普遍，如手机号、车牌号等喜欢选“8”字，楼层、房号忌用“4”字;婚礼、葬礼，搬家、建房，都要选个好日子;生活中也有不少禁忌。

针对诸如此类的文化现象，你有怎样的看法?请写一篇评论性的文章，说说你的观点并阐述理由。

时评的基本特征：

1、讲究“时效性、针对性、准确性、说理性、思想性”。尤其要注重准确性和说理性。

2、在写法上，分为就事论事和就事论理两类。 就事论事，就是按照事物本身的性质来评定是非得失，不要求作过多的材料外的拓展和延伸，主要就材料本身进行评议，发表自己的看法，能言之成理，持之有据。 就事论理，是对所评之事进行具体深入分析，充分说理，阐明一个道理，而不是停留在就事论事上，以达到“扶正祛邪，激浊扬清”的写作目的。

3、在命题上，具有开放性，可以仁者见仁智者见智。

4、在审题立意上，可以抓住中心事件，考察中心事件的构成因素，然后选取一个侧面、一个角度来立意。

写作模式：

(一)引用材料(选准切入点，简明扼要，1自然段，约100字)

(二)分析材料(注意层次，逻辑关系要清晰，2-3自然段，约400字)

(三)联系实际说道理(搜集典型论据，适当发挥，约200字)

(四)结论(约100字)

“时评”也属于议论文，那么时评写作的基本思路就和一般的议论文的写作思路基本一致。它的基本思路是：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题

1、开篇引用材料的新闻报道内容。(引)【略】

2、对报道内容进行一些解析作为过渡。(点)【略】

3、从多个角度分析新闻，或阐释其意义，或剖析其谬误。(议)【详】

4、联系社会现实的类似现象，挖掘现象背后的根源。(联)【详】

5、最后从多个层面提出若干个解决问题的“合理化建议”。(结)【详】

即：引——点——议——联——结

时评写作四要求：

1.选取恰当的当下新闻

2.确定鲜明独到的观点

3.搜集典型有力的论据

4.运用严密有趣的语言

阅读下面文字，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

陈小姐带着在BB车中熟睡的1岁大的孩子乘公交车，司机让陈小姐将BB车折叠放好，否则就多交1元的行李费。陈小姐表示，如果把车折叠起来会把孩子弄醒，而车上没有空座位，把小孩抱在手中乘车又很危险。她认为司机的要求非常不合理，坚决不交这1元钱，而司机则拒不开车。为了这1元钱，陈小姐与司机“对峙”数小时，其间陈小姐多次报警，警察两度出警，车上数十人被迫转车。最后，在警察苦口婆心的劝导下，陈小姐搭乘警车回家。

此事引起了社会各方的反响，议论不一。

要求：选择一个角度构思作文，自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题;不脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

【例文】

学会包容与体谅

因为一辆BB车，司机与女乘客“对峙”数小时;因为一辆BB车，警察两度出警;因为一辆BB车，数十乘客被迫转车。这也许只是大千社会中的一件小事，但却充满讽刺，令人唏嘘。(引用材料)

这件事本来不难解决，只要司机肯体谅一下那位年轻的母亲，让她把BB车停在车内一角，只要车上的哪位乘客能体谅一下司机的顾虑，把位子让给那位要抱婴儿的母亲，帮她折叠一下那BB车。但是在那天的车厢里，就是没有这种忍让，这种体谅，所以可笑可悲的一幕就此发生。(针对材料具体分析，点出论点)

每一个人都是社会中的一员，每个人的生活，都离不开与人相处，与人打交道，而在人与人的交往中，每个人都免不了会与别人发生磨擦，发生争执，但是如果大家都能体谅一下他人的难处，多为他人着想，也许，这社会中的许多干戈就能化为玉帛，也许和谐社会就不在离我们那么遥远。(过渡到生活实际)

但是，在这个唯自己利益至上，在这个人与人之间的情感日益淡漠的社会中，有多少人可以先放下自己的利益去体谅他人，又有谁，肯牺牲自己的利益去忍让别人?城管为了严格执法，强行扣留小贩的货物，小贩为了与城管对抗，不惜把货物摔烂，不惜以死相挟;房地产商为了尽快收地，野蛮拆掉居民民房;住户为了争取更多的补偿，甘愿死守阵地，做“钉子户”;农户为了摆脱薰天的臭气，不惜火烧邻居的猪棚，学生为了一时之愤，用笔刺伤同学，邻居间为了越墙的树恶言相向……我们都忘了“退一步海阔天空”的道理了吗?我们都忘了“以和为贵”的意义了吗?(联系生活现象反面论证)

但我们必定还记得蔺相如谅解廉颇对自己的不满，对对方处处迁就，最后他以国事为重，忍让同僚的品质使廉颇羞悔自疚，负荆请罪，我们必定还记得一位学者在建屋子的时候叮嘱家人为邻居留下几米小巷，结果邻居也为他们留下小巷子的故事。这其实就是我们大家想要的结局，少一些争吵，多一点忍让，少一点冲突，多一点和谐。这个结局，是需要大家一起努力的。(联系生活现象正面论证)

放下自己烦躁，功利、自私的心吧，多去体谅一下他人，多为旁人着想，也许人家也在体谅着你的难处，也在包容着你的错误。用包容的心，照亮社会的每一个角落，用体谅去化解每一场干戈。(总结、点题、扣题)

阅读下面的文字，根据要求写出结构模式。

2008年12月，天地壹号公司正式与35名研究生签订工作协议。大学生养猪、卖肉、擦皮鞋、沐足、当保姆究竟是浪费人才还是转变择业观念的体现?对此，各方众说纷纭。

有很多人认为，大学生卖猪肉合情但不合理。金融海啸的恶劣形势下出现这种情形情有可原。但如果都去从事这些与专业不相干的简单劳动，却是“不合理”的。资料显示，培养一个大学生，国家每年花在大学生身上的钱大约1.3～1.5万元人民币，每个家庭所花费的更多。如果只能去卖猪肉，那么投入的教育资源就是一种巨大的浪费。

但不少签约研究生表示，“无论是什么行业，都必需从基层做起。”而且，在结束3天的卖肉实习后他们表示：“卖猪肉其实很有技术含量，猪肉的切割就可以影响20%的利润。”

针对2009年高校毕业生的就业困境，北京大学校长周其凤说：“事实上我年轻时什么都做过，砌过墙，做过下水工。”他还一再强调，能够充分发挥一个人长处的职业就是好的职业，只有转变择业观念才会化解困境。

概述材料中心事件：

引：思考挖掘 找准切入点

1、关注时事主体

2、抓住事件本身的焦点

(与自己价值观、人生观有冲突或相一致，与社会文化传统、文明礼仪有冲突或相一致，与传统的道德底线有冲突或相一致等等 。)

金融危机影响下，大学生就业困难。

分析挖掘材料内容，明确立意角度 ：

①大学毕业生要转变就业思维。要从基层做起，从小事做起，积累经验，锻炼自己。“劳动不分贵贱”。“是金子总会发光的”。大学生毕业选择养猪、卖肉、擦皮鞋、沐足作为自己的职业，实际上反映了我国高等教育从精英教育到大众教育的转变。

②大学毕业找不到工作，只有选择养猪、卖肉、擦皮鞋、沐足这些没有多少技术含量的工作，浪费国家教育资源和人民税收，增加了普通民众的经济负担，也是对学生时间、精力的巨大浪费。如果所有毕业生都去卖猪肉，如果所有有专业知识的人才都要从事没有多少技术含量的工作，那我们的高等教育难道不是失败的吗?高等教育亟需改革。

从对(赞成)、错(反对)的角度立意

阅读下面的文字，根据要求写出结构模式。

家住长沙的韩女士在化疗后被医生建议服用一种癌症辅助治疗药芦笋片。这种芦笋片在湘雅二医院开价213元。韩女士经打听发现,其实这种芦笋片每瓶只需30元。

医院药品采购负责人告诉记者,该院所有药品价格,均经过湖南省物价部门的审批,且按规定招标采购。记者查询了湖南省2010年度集中采购药品投标报价指导价格,发现芦笋片的指导价是136元。湘雅二医院实际上的加价率达56%,远超国家规定的15%。

记者从医药公司获取的销售清单显示,芦笋片从医药公司卖到医院,价钱从三四十元涨到了136元。而芦笋片入库价格仅需15.5元。也就是说,医院售价是批发价的7倍,是出厂价的14倍。

立意训练：

链接材料：

1、央视《新闻调查》： 哈尔滨市离休教师 翁文辉 患上了恶性淋巴瘤。因为化疗引起多脏器功能衰竭，被送进了哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院的心外科重症监护室。 住院67天，花费近140万元，平均每天 近21000元。 更让人惊奇的是，医药单上居然有患者 严重敏感的药物，而在患者去世后的两天，医院竟然还陆续开出了两张化验单。

2、台湾医院误将艾滋感染者器官移植给五名病人 。

立意方向

1、恪守医德、天职

2、监管漏洞、为己牟利

3、 垄断物价，见利忘义

4、道德缺失

5、百姓生命 百姓权利

6、社会秩序 信任缺失

7、法律缺失

阅读材料，进行横向思考，发表见解。

2011年10月13日下午5点30分，广东佛山南海黄岐的广佛五金城里，2岁女童小悦悦在过马路上不慎被一辆面包车撞倒并两度碾压，随后肇事车辆逃逸，随后开来的另一辆车直接从已经被碾压过的女童身上再次开了过去，七分钟内在女童身边经过的十几个路人，都对此冷眼漠视，只有最后一名拾荒阿姨陈贤妹上前施以援手，由此引发网友广泛热议。2011年10月21日，小悦悦经医院全力抢救无效，于0时32分离世。小悦悦事件余波未平，又一还有几天才满3岁“悦悦”在增城新塘牛仔城附近自家档口门前被车撞倒， 被压在轮下，头部变形。 终因伤势过重抢救无效身亡。

1、南京市一名75岁的老汉 ，一头从公交车后门跌倒在地，爬不起来，跟在身后的乘客都不敢上前救他，老汉大喊：“是我自己跌的，你们不用担心。”听了这话，众乘客才上前救他。

2、2006年11月20日早晨，一位老太在交站台等 车。人来人往老太被撞倒摔成了骨折，彭宇赶忙去扶她了， 另一男子 也主动过来扶 。老太不停地说谢谢，后 一起将她送到医院。”鉴定后构成8级伤残，医药费花了不少。老太指认撞人者是刚下车的小伙彭宇。老太及其家属一口就咬定彭宇是“肇事者”，告到法院索赔13万多元。

3、天津市车主许云鹤因搀扶违章爬马路护栏摔倒的王老太，被天津市红桥区人民法院判赔108606元。法院的判决理由之一，是“车主许云鹤发现王老太时只有4、5米，在此短距离内作为行人的王老太突然发现车辆向其驶来，必然会发生惊慌错乱，其倒地定然会受到驶来车辆的影响。” 许云鹤搀扶老人赔偿10万成第二个彭宇。 不少网友直呼这是翻版的“彭宇案”。

材料链接：

5、2011年 7月12日23时许，宁夏 连锁超市两名女员工下夜班回家，途经 裕民东街时遇两劫匪抢包。90后小伙儿李潇、纳正东刚巧路过，见状奋力追赶上抢包劫匪，两人被刺十多刀后仍坚持追赶，最终在出租车司机的协助下，警察迅速赶到将歹徒制服。二人随后被紧急送医院，目前尚在昏迷中，生命迹象暂时平稳。

4、2009年10月24日，为了抢救两名落水的少年，长江大学十多名大学生手拉手结成人梯扑进江中营救，两名男孩获救，陈及时、何东旭、方招3名大学生不幸被江水吞没，英勇献身。

【训练题目】

用横向和纵向思考对问题进行分析：

一、一说ABC，儿子就大哭大闹。家住渝北区新南路龙湖花园的王超，最近为这事儿伤透脑筋。他不知道，是该继续逼着娃儿学英语，还是该放弃?昨日，他把5岁的儿子送到位于龙湖花园的培正逗点早教中心，希望专业人士能给一些“灵丹妙药”，让孩子开口说ABC。“英语好重要哟。”说起逼迫儿子王思洋学英语，王超显得很激动。由于家庭条件比较好，他想把儿子送出国读高中，英语就成了重要的一环。王超的好友周祥记得，从小王的妻子怀孕起，小两口就买来《疯狂英语》等各类碟子，天天放起听搞胎教。在11月9号儿子5岁生日那天，王超买来英语教材，正式开始手把手教孩子学英语。怎料，第一天学英语，儿子拿起字母表，到处乱扔，随便怎样教，就是不肯开口说。“还专门制定了计划表。”王超的妻子李程说，每天早上七点教英语字母，下午五点半，教写英语单词。可是，娃娃一点也不感冒，随便自己怎么教，孩子嘴里只嚷着要吃饭。下午写单词，娃儿只是在纸上乱涂乱画。

所谓纵向分析，是由某种现象生发开去，对现象进行深入地剖析，分析这种现象产生的原因，分析各种现象之间的联系，从纷繁复杂的表面现象中挖掘出事物的本质，从而寻找解决问题的根本方法。

1、联系社会类似的“英语热”、“钢琴班”、“奥数班”等儿童超前教育、早慧教育、特色教育的社会现象，提出评论的问题：我们的孩子该学点什么?我们的超前教育应该教些什么?

2、分析问题：成人与成才的关系、品德与学识的关系、小时的习惯养成对人生成长的影响等，要举例论证。

3、针对问题提出我们看法：成才先成人

由横向思考引出：

这种教育方法的危害( a、孩子失去了应有的欢乐童年;b、强迫会让小孩产生厌恶，久而久之，不仅仅是对英语，对学习，甚至对父母所要求做到的一切;c、强迫会让小孩产生依赖，失去自立; d、这种片面教育会影响孩子的知识结构和对世界的认知;

e、甚至会扭曲孩子的人格。)

解决问题的方法(a、教育要循序渐进、因时施教;b、儿童学习要注重营造良好的学习氛围; c、要注重激发和培养孩子的兴趣;d、儿童学习要寓教于乐[游戏、故事、卡通、影视等 ;e、英语学习要结合孩子的日常生活和行为等。)

由纵向思考引出：

例：值得思考的是，大学生卖猪肉实属正当职业，何以遭致诟病。中国的孩子从小被教育“劳动最光荣”，但在实际中却被教育“劳动也有三六九等”，这不是对教育的莫大讽刺吗?更何况人的一生不会只从事一种职业，朱元璋还是出身于乞丐呢!富兰克林从12岁起 在印刷所里当学徒，从事印刷工作很长时间。也许这正是他能成为大家的基础吧。因此，大学生们，走自己的路，让别人去说吧。

①形象收尾(比喻、意蕴句、排比段等)。

②情感收尾(感叹句、祈使句、展望)。

二、5月7日晚上8点多，20岁的胡斌和另两人分驾三辆高级跑车，从东而西沿文二西路一路疾速行驶。车辆行至紫桂花园和德嘉公寓两个小区门之间的斑马线时，撞上正通过斑马线横穿马路的25岁浙江大学毕业生、计算机工程师谭卓。谭卓的身体被车头撞上后，先是在空中翻转，在撞到挡风玻璃后再度飞了出去。“有两层楼那么高，至少20多米远”。根据当事人胡某及相关证人陈述，案发时肇事车辆速度为70公里/小时左右。70码车速能否将人撞飞5米高20米远?“70码”随后成了最热的网络新名词。网友们还在互动百科上创造了一个新物种——“欺实马”. “70码的车速怎么能导致飞高5米飞远20米?”由于警方的调查结果与众多现场目击者的描述相差甚远，浙大学生和杭州市民立即表达了极大不满。

针对杭州警方的网络恶搞随后展开。“70码”随后成了最热的网络新名词。网友们还在互动百科上创造了一个新物种——欺实马”，以此讽喻交警在通报会上的表现。

时事材料分析：

灾难片大师罗兰•艾默里奇的最新力作，电影《2012 ：世界末日》横空出世。 长期以来，人类掠夺性地攫取资源，导致地球内部能量平衡系统崩溃，伴随着火山爆发，将导致地震、海啸，世界末日即将来临，人类将遭遇灭顶之灾。各国政府秘密制造方舟，希望能躲过这一浩劫。

在生死攸关的时刻，人类表现各异。勇敢者主动承担重任，自私者无所遁形。杰克逊带领自己的家人，驾驶一架临时租来的飞机，冲出被死亡阴霾瞬间笼罩的城市上空。为寻找查理所说的方舟，千千万万个生灵通过各种方法来到方舟制造基地，方舟有限的容纳数量引发前所未有的恐慌。最终，人们因互爱和对生命的尊重而得以生存。

材料链接：

思路 一： 以“责任”为话题

地球即将毁灭，地球人将遭受灭顶之灾，是谁造成这一恶果?面对灾难，人们将采取何种态度?是以拯救人类苦难为己任，还是逃之夭夭，为顾一己之私利?是君子风范，把妇女婴儿生命放在第一位，还是只图个人生存。灾难，是考验人品质的试金石，人们啊，不管什么时候，不能忘记自己应承担的责任，应尽的义务。

思路二：以“品质”为话题

灾难，激扬人性的光辉;灾难。彰显人类的风采。胸怀博大者，忧天下之所忧，急天下之所急，将拯救同胞的苦难作为责任，一往无前，义无反顾;卑劣低贱者，耍弄伎俩，以害人为快，残忍地置他人与死地，机关算尽太聪明，却害了卿卿性命，到头来只能把自己钉在历史的耻辱柱上;冰心高杰者，面对死亡，从容镇定，蹈死而不顾，奉献无私之爱;私欲膨胀者，苦心钻营，为保一己之私利，挖空心思，不择手段，成为财富的奴隶。

思路三：以“呵护自然”为话题

地球灭亡，人类具有深重的罪孽。给人类带来灭顶之灾的正是人类自己，破坏性的攫取资源，肆意毁坏自然，豪无顾忌地把科学作为掠夺的手段，结果就是环境污染严重、水土流失、二氧化碳增多，也因此给人类自己带来灭顶之灾。然而，现实中没有诺亚方舟，解决人类灾难的不二人选只能是人类自己，呵护自然，就是保护我们自己的生命。

思路四：以“多难兴邦”为话题

世纪末日兴许只是惊世之言，然而，惊心动魄的灾难场景，直令人铭刻于心。

影片中地球人的行为印证了这一哲理：灾难面前，不能一味悲观失望，怨天尤人。而应空前团结，化悲痛为力量，坚强守望家园，用拼搏点亮生命的光辉。

事实是：苦难是孕育智慧的摇篮，可磨练人的意志，可净化人的灵魂，可更新我们生活的世界，多难，亦可振兴我们的邦国!

思路五：以“忧患”为话题

古语道：人无远虑，必有近忧。现在，我们人类无法徜徉于陶潜笔下的世外桃源、梭罗心中的瓦尔登湖畔，执迷不悟，终将自食地球灾难的恶果。

“生于忧患，死于安乐”，我们要树立忧患意识，见微知著、洞察未来，保护我们共同生活的地球。增强“忧患”意识，未雨绸缪，地球才会生生不息，真正成为一艘“诺亚方舟”。

思路六：以“爱”为话题

爱是地球毁灭时人们的相互尊重和对生的退让，由此，我们不难想到：爱是向对方奉献;爱，可构建和谐社会;爱，是生死存亡的考验。

作为每一个普通公民，也应“从我做起。“悠悠万事，民生为大。”灾情如火，在灾情的“烤问”下，作为每一个被纳税人供养的人民公仆，应多多忧民之忧、解民之虑。

思路七：以“发展”为话题

克服顾此失彼,重视均衡发展. 地方追求GDP增长而毁林建设，种植单一经济类树 种 ，破坏了生物多样性，水土保固功能降低，也是不可忽视的因素。

反思经济发展模式。不能再执迷于高碳经济、GDP数字，要综合考量环境承载能力，转向低碳经济模式，减少对自然环境的破坏，走科学循环发展的道路。

高考作文，有其不容动摇的社会属性：无论命题怎样改变，万变不离其宗的是对社会、民生乃至青年成长的深刻关注。做了书虫，受其牵绊，作文是做不好的。考生要真正懂得，用心、用思想去面对乃至评判现时色彩斑斓、内容驳杂的生活以及生活中的人和事，最起码，要让自己具有社会的责任意识、历史的人文精神和人生的悲悯情怀，而这，有时甚至比语言本身更重要。

写作训练：

近年来，一些公民在旅游活动中表现出来的不文明行为，损害了中国“礼仪之邦”的形象，引起了海内外舆论的关注和批评。“大声喧哗、随地吐痰、乱扔杂物、排队加塞、乱刻乱画、衣冠不整”等这些随处可见的现象，被海外一些媒体归纳为中国游客的“通病”。有的境外旅行社和宾馆甚至因此拒绝接待中国旅游团队。这实在是令人难堪的现象。为此，中央文明委日前发出通知，部署在全国实施“提升中国公民旅游文明素质行动”。

这是提高公民文明素质和现代文明程度，形成良好社会风尚的有效途径，也是维护国家形象，增强国家“软实力”的迫切需要。同时在人们的日常生活中形成“文明可贵，不文明可鄙”、“文明走遍天下，不文明寸步难行”的共识也是时代发展的需要。让我们从自己做起，从点滴做起，逐步养成文明的习惯，形成文明的社会大环境，孕育出“文明光荣，不文明可耻”的氛围。

要求：请根据材料提炼观点，自选角度，自拟标题，自定文体，所写文章不要脱离材料内容或其含义范围。

比喻就是打比方，是用具体的、浅显的、熟知的事物去说明或描写抽象的、深奥的、生疏的事物的一种修辞手法。写文章如果能适当地加点比喻，将使语言更加鲜明、生动、形象，使深刻的、抽象的道理浅显地具体地体现出来。

一、分析成分

提到比喻句的组成，很多孩子都会不假思索地回签“本体”、“喻体”、“比喻词”。

如：满世界都是雨，头顶的岩石像为我撑起的巨伞。这句话中本体是“岩石”，喻体是“巨伞”，比喻词是“像”。

又如“红红的枫叶像一枚枚邮票。”本体是“枫叶”，喻体是“邮票”，比喻词是“像”。对比喻句成分的分析，看似非常简单，但书面练习或检测中却不会这么直白地问你“本体”、“喻体”、“比喻词”是什么。通常会出现这样提问：本句把比作。那么，孩子们就要懂得这种问法的解答方法。即把“本体”放前“喻体”放后来回答。结合刚才的例句就是：第一句把岩石比作巨伞，第二句把枫叶比作邮票。另外，还有一种问法，即“用 比喻”，它的答法则刚好相反，即把喻体放前本体放后来回答。即第一句用巨伞比喻岩石，第二句用邮票比喻枫叶。这两种问法都是分析比喻句成分的常用形式。因此，孩子们要扎实掌握，灵活运用。这种问法也是在为高年级时分析比喻手法做准备。

二、体会作用

比喻能给人以生动亲切之感，这种感觉我们如何用语言表达出来呢?如孩子们经常遇到这种题型：

问题：啊，老桥，你如一位德高望重的老人，在这涧水上站了几百年了啊?这句话用了修辞手法，这种表达的效果好在哪?

分析：

1.这个句子把老桥比作老人，用了比喻的修辞手法。

2.回答比喻的好处，一般从两个方面来作答。一是写清作者写了什么;二要写出自己读的受。结合本句，从“老”字体现了桥的年代久，从“桥”的使用价值来看，它是用来载人为人众服务的。“德高望重”一词的意思是品德高尚，名望很大。综合对词语的理解，我们可以这样回答本句比喻手法的好处：作者生动形象地写出了桥的古老和它默默无闻为大众服务的品质，表达了作者对桥的赞美和敬佩。这里要重点强调这样的语式：作者生动形象地写出了;表达(表现了)。这样的语句很自然地把两方面内容串联在了一起。

再举个例子，让大家感受一下。

忽然，像被一阵风吹来似的，远处的小丘上出现了一群马，马上的男女老少穿着各色的衣裳，群马疾驰，襟飘带舞，像一条彩虹向我们飞过来。

分析：这句话把“各色的衣裳，飞驰的骏马，飘舞的衣襟、衣带”统一作为一个本体出现，那么整理后我们可以说，本句的“本体”是蒙古族友人远道迎客的景象，那么本句就是把这些景物比作彩虹，这样写的好处是作者生动、形象地写出了蒙古族友人远道迎客的场景，表达了他们对汉族朋友的热情好客。

三、学会仿写

低年级学生的比喻句通常来源于课文中的优美语句，因此语言简单，结构短小，如：太阳像火球、月亮像小船。

可是随着年级的升高，本应越写越精彩的比喻句却出现了非常尴尬的局面。很多高年级的学生，在答题时依然在写低年级时非常简单的句子。为了考察高年级学生语词积累和运用能力，同时也为了避免“低智”的句子出现，现在的比喻句多以“仿写”的形式出现，即“照样子写句子。”对于仿写，我们要牢牢把握两点。

1.结构要正确

如：雨像一曲无字的歌谣，神奇地四面八方飘然而起。

这个句子分前后两部分，前半部把雨比作歌谣，后半部写了歌谣飘然而起的景象。那么我们的仿写也要分前后两部分。

又如：索溪像一个从深山中蹦跳而出的野孩子，一会儿绕着山奔跑，一会儿撅着屁股，堵着气又自个闹去了。

这句话分两个部分，前半部用野孩子比喻索溪，后半部分采用并列关系，用两个“一会儿”写出了索溪淘气的行为，那我们仿写同样要采用这样的结构。

2.搭配要合理

前两个例句让我们清晰地看到，一个比喻句要做到生动形象，除了要有精彩的喻体外，作者还要对喻体进行了进一步详细地补充：山雨的静谧，索溪的淘气劲儿都是作者通过补充描写展现出来的。由此可见，后面补充的句子，特别是动词一定要与喻体相搭配。下面结合孩子的仿写，做进一步说明。

原句：啊，老桥，你如一位德高望重的老人，在这涧水上站了几百年了吧!

仿写：啊，老师，你如一位辛勤的园丁，哺育着我们这些刚刚发芽的幼苗。

分析：仿写句子的结构是正确的，但“哺育”不是园丁的行为，因此搭配“园丁”是不会理的。

改写：啊，老师，你如一位辛勤的园丁，精心浇灌着我们这些刚刚发芽的幼苗。

分析：“浇灌”是“园丁”发出的动作，这样的搭配就比较合适了。

再举个例子：

原句：雨像一曲无字的歌谣，神奇地从四面八方飘然而起。

仿写：风像妈妈温柔的手，轻轻地抚摸着孩子们。

分析：句子结构正确，“抚摸”搭配“手”合理，正确。

今天，我从三个方面分析了比喻句，一般来说这也是有关比喻句的出题类型，希望能给你带来帮助。

Dear Mr. Smith,

As a graduate student of Zhejiang university, I already studied four years in this university, including four years studying Chemistry Department. I also worked six months in Lafarge Roofing Systems China as a project assistant. The CEO appreciated my analytic and synthesis skills. He gave me his confidence to represent Lafarge and prospect the Zhejiang Development Zones to find the best location to build a new factory.

I have an intermediate level in English (speaking and writing).I am gaining proficiency as a good negotiator in my daily and working life.Now that all my classes are finished, I am back in China in order to stay here at least a few years.

I am available as soon as required, and I will be glad to give you more details about my experiences, my motivation, and my skills. I thank you in advance for your interest.

Yours faithfully,

Lihua

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

课文中的经典句子，又是精华中的精华，背熟之后对你的写作语法有很大的帮助。下面来看看小编为大家带来的英语课文经典句子吧，希望对你有帮助。

1、 Flora,whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.

2、 Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.

3、 The garden that was once so beautiful was completely destroyed, swept away by the wild water.

4、 I found some photos of interesting places which were not too far away from Chengdu.

5、 He told me that I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, which wasn’t too expensive.

6、 First,we went to Leshan, where we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha.

7、 Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small.

8、 Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha.

9、 Steven Spielberg, whose mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946 in a small town in America.

10、 In 1959 Spielberg won a prize for a film which he made when he was thirteen years old.

11、 The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.

12、 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.

13、 This was the moment when Spieberg’s career really took off.

14、 I hate hiking and Im not into classical music.

15、 I surf the Internet all the time and I like playing computer games.

16、 Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.

17、 When are you off to Guangzhou?

18、 My plane leaves at seven, so I think we’ll take a taxi.

19、 See you when I get back.

20、 The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.

21、 Now ,the water, which was cold as ice and flowed faster than a river, was above her knees.

22、 Jeff and Flora looked into each other’s face with a look of fright.

23、 Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.

24、 One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.

25、 He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.

26、 Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about.

27、 When he makes friends with Wilson, he understand that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.

28、 The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.

29、 I found the bathroom, but I didn’t find what I was looking for.

30、 Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back.

31、 There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.

32、 In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.

33、 In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.

34、 In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.

35、 With so many people communicating in English every day ,it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

36、 For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.

37、 In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess “(meaning “I think”),just as the British did 300 years ago.

38、 At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages ,ending up with different words.

39、 Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.

40、 However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

41、 Many people travel because they want to see other countries and visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful.

42、 Many of today’s travelers are looking for an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming more and more popular.

43、 Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.

44、 Hiking is fun and exciting, but you shouldn’t forget safety.

45、 A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams.

46、 If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks.

47、 The name “whitewater “comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.

Today is the Dragon Boat Festival. Its Qu Yuans day of commemoration. In

the morning, I wore a beautiful skirt, I had eaten glutinous rice dumplings, and

I followed my father. Mother went to her grandmothers house together. I see my

brother. My sister is waiting for me at the door.

As soon as I got off the train, they were dragged into the room and played

games. I will be a patient first, my sister will be a doctor and my brother will

be a nurse. At noon, grandma made a full table lunch, we ate lunch, heart. The

aunt said, "if I can eat such a rich dish every day, I will be satisfied."

In the afternoon, when our family went back to grandmas house, my aunt.

Great aunt came. They also sent a lot of things to our kids. We had a good time

today.

这是一个富含喻意和诗意的文题，准确理解材料内涵是写作成功的关键。首先要对材料中的关键句进行审读，“不是所有的花只在春天开放”，意即花开在春天可以，但也可以开在其他季节。再从“自然如此，社会、人生又何尝不是如此?”一句可以明确写作重点应该放在“社会、人生”方面，这就需要展开类比联想，要从自然界联想到在社会、人生方面也有许许多多的“花”不只在春天开放。这里的“花”可以指事业之花、学业之花、科学之花、艺术之花等，也可以指精神之花、美德之花、幸福之花等，“春天”则可以指通常意义上有利于人生之花盛开的生命阶段、成功条件、工作环境、人生处境等。

有位哲人曾经说过：“一年既然分为四季，是鲜花，不一定非在春天盛开。”的确，春有百花夏有荷，秋有丛菊冬有梅，花开不只在春天，这是物性使然。自然如此，人生又何尝不是如此?有人早慧，而有人则大器晚成;有人平步青云，而有人则曲径通幽;有人登顶是“华山一条路”，而有人则中途易辙领略到另一番风景……人生的得意和辉煌并非出现在最顺乎人意的情况下，这是主观、客观的条件使然，是内因、外因的影响使然。这就需要我们有坚韧之志、耐得寂寞之定力，也需要我们有变通之智、化苦水为美酒之诗意情怀。面对突如其来的厄运,懦弱者选择的是痛苦、绝望、逃避;而坚强者则能在生命的盐碱地里开出美丽的花。几米的《希望井》中有这样一段话：“掉落深井,我大声呼喊,等待救援……天黑了,黯然低头，才发现水面满是闪烁的星光。我在最深的绝望里，遇见最美丽的惊喜。”领悟了这些深意，你的写作思路自然也就清晰而开阔了。

范文、理想之花也在人生的低谷开放

韩金鹏

理想之花如果能在舒适安逸的环境下开放，这当然是一种幸福美满，然而“路漫漫其修远兮”，实现理想的路上必有荆棘与坎坷。理想之花能盛开在人生的低谷吗?能!如果我们与勤奋、坚强一同上路，那么在人生的低谷，它依然可以怒放。

理想之花可以错过季节开放。左思少年不得志，但他顶住陆机的嘲讽，用十年心血写就“洛阳纸贵”的《三都赋》。苏老泉二十七始发奋，虽错过了春天，却抓住了人生的夏天，终究“一门三父子”，光耀文坛!肯德基创始人六十六岁才开始第二次创业，最终在九十岁大获成功……大器晚成的例子太多了，别被年龄吓倒。年龄带给我们的除了丰富的阅历，还有平和的心态。

理想之花可以开在四面楚歌、艰苦困苦的境况之中。司马迁为李陵求情，惨遭汉武帝的宫刑，在这种奇耻大辱面前，他没有放弃编写史书的理想，化痛苦为力量，执著坚毅，终于写出“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”的《史记》。所以说，苦难只能打倒懦弱的人!对于强者，它是催化剂、助推器，会激发我们的斗志，加快我们前进的步伐!

理想之花也可以别样地开在人生失意、壮志难酬之中。俗语云：“有心栽花花不发，无心插柳柳成荫”。理想的实现也许就是因为挫折和失意的激发!陶渊明、李白等人官场失意，诗坛却很得意啊!

开在春天的花是幸运的，没能开在春天的花也不会有遗憾，因为，它们会接受一种春天的花所未有过的人生洗礼，会开得更加卓尔不群!

所以，纵然我们遭受了极大的挫折，纵然我们的芳华已不在，纵然我们处于人生的低谷，但我们依然可以通过自己的勤奋和坚强，让理想之花也盛开在人生的低谷。

【点评】1.结构条理清晰。一是题显论点，文章的题目就是文章的论点;二是段首概要，主体部分每节开头的一句话即为该节的中心句，三个层次，反复强调，一唱三叹。

2.紧扣论点旁征博引。写作议论文，论据的选择是至关重要的，论据选择得好，事实与道理相契合，事到理至。本文的成功，在很大程度上还得益于“摆事实”。

以下是《九年级英语作文:我和哥哥的历险记》翻译。

It was sunny that day. Our parents were out, so there were only my brother and me at home. We were bored. So we decided to go boating. We played happily. But when we went to the middle of the river, the weather changed. It rained suddenly. We didn t bring umbrella and our boat was bamboo raft. As the rain was more and heavier, we were afraid to sink in the river. We tried our best to make our boat in shore. But our bamboo raft had more water on it. I was afraid to die. My brother was also very anxious. At that time, my mother came and she pulled us back to the ground. It was thrilling.

那是一个晴天。我们的父母都出去了，所以只有我和哥哥在家。我们很无聊。所以我们决定去划船。我们玩的很开心。但当我们走到河中央时，天气变了。突然下起雨来。我们没带伞，而且我们的船还竹排。由于雨越来越大，我们担心会沉到河里去。我们尽力使我们的船靠岸。但是竹筏上的水越来越多。我害怕死了。我哥哥也很着急。那时，我妈妈来了来了，她把我们拉回到地面。真的惊心动魄啊。

一、写什么

1、熟悉的人很多，比如：爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹、爷爷奶奶、叔叔阿姨等家里的亲人；街坊邻居；小店的营业员；班级同学；校长老师；学校的门卫??选择其中最熟悉的一个人。

2、要写这个熟悉的人的一件事情，而不是几件事。首先这件事情是真实的，最好是你亲眼目睹的，然后这件事能够反映他（她）的特点（急性子、细心、唠叨、爱美、活泼、马虎、文静等等。

3、抓住特点的方法：用五官观察你熟悉的人！然后记住他（她）长相、动作、语言、表情，特别是最喜欢的打扮、最常做的动作、最爱说的话、最多的表情。有时不用刻意突出特点，只要你把在某件事中这个人的衣着打扮、言行举止具体地写出来，就能够自然地刻画出他（她）的性格。

例如：

1、可以写写你身边亲人的一件事，比如：你爱美的妹妹、严厉的爸爸、爱唠叨的妈妈、赶时髦的奶奶等等。

2、可以是你身边的同学或者朋友的一件事，比如：你身边的“马虎大王”、爱捣蛋的同桌，书迷、你们班的“电脑高手”、某项体育活动很棒的同学等等、班里一个既安静又听话的同学等等

3、可以是其它熟悉的人一件事，比如：热心的邻居、热情的营业员、严肃的门卫等等

二、怎么写

写熟悉的人的一件事情，主要是通过这些事情来突出他的特点。在这些事情中，主要选择一件你记得最牢的事情详细的写。先可以简单写一写这个熟悉的人的长相（高矮胖瘦、发型、脸部的样子等）、衣着打扮（颜色、长短、款式等）。然后把记忆中的一件事写出来：在什么地方？什么时候？发生了一件什么事？在这件事中出现什么奇怪、或好玩、或有趣、或让人讨厌的、或不开心的事情，仔细写出来。最后写一写结果或对熟悉的人的印象，对事情的感受。

1、比如：记爱美的妹妹买裙子的故事。妹妹长什么摸样？高矮胖瘦？喜欢穿什么样的衣服（颜色、款式）？喜欢如何打扮（发型、发饰等）？漂亮吗？有一次，妹妹想买什么裙子？（什么花式的？什么样子的？）到什么地方买？（商场、专卖店、街市？）她是如何挑选的？（左看右看，上摸下摸？）试穿了几件？挑选的时候有没有什么意外（比如妹妹看中一条不同的裙子，而妈妈不喜欢。为了得到这条裙子，妹妹想了哪些办法？她们说了些什么？做了些什么？当妈妈不同意的时候她的表情如何？又想了些什么办法？）最后终于得到了这条裙子，妹妹开心吗？她又有些什么表现？

2、比如：严厉的爸爸，爸爸平时对我都有哪些要求？这些要求严格吗？你有没有哪一次做错了或者没有达到要求？爸爸当时是什么样的表情？他说了什么？（说话时声音大吗？语气坚决吗？还是狠狠地训斥？）又做了些什么？你认为有道理吗？后来你是怎么做的？请将其中一件印象深刻的事情详细的记录下来。

3、比如：你班上有个马虎大王，对他做一次采访：早上有没有睡过头的时候？会不会

慌忙中穿错了袜子，出了家门，又想起红领巾没有带；到了学校又发现作业本没有带?晚上回家，又发现自己的作业本没有带，反而将其他同学的作业带回了家里？当他发现的时候他想了些什么？说了些什么？他的爸爸妈妈怎么教育他的？

三、写作提示

取题目：根据你要写的事情取题，题目要小，要具体。比如《妹妹买裙》、《“健忘”的??同学》、《让我透不过气的爸爸》，取什么题目？

一、积累固定搭配，避免中式英文

在高考中，很多考生写作文时都是要先想好中文内容再来翻译成英文。这看起来并没有什么不对的地方，因为一般考生的水平都达不到直接用英文来思考的程度。但差别在于英文很好的人在整体构思自己的作文时可能会用汉语，但是写作时完全的英语写作并不会存在什么障碍;只有英语水平一般的人才会将每句的意思大致用汉语想好，但写作时还是要用英文的习惯句型和固定搭配来表达，有时甚至没办法流畅的翻译出自己想的内容，再者也存在一个单词一个单词累积拼凑句子的情况 ，这就是我们常说的中式英语;之所以会这样，主要原因还是在于考生自身积累的英语习惯句型和固定搭配太少了，所以考生平时要注意积累考试常用的句型和语法基础知识，这些内容并不是太多，只要用心总结，需要很少一部分时间就能掌握的很好。

二、模糊叙述，避免不确定词汇

英语考试写作中经常遇到的一个问题就是不确定的词汇，想要描述一个事物，但是那个单词始终想不起来，这是每个考生都会遇到的问题，不论你的词汇量有多丰富，总会有你不认识的词汇出现。那么这时在考场上，我们该如何应对呢?首先我们应该想到的是找一个类似的词来代替它，也就是模糊化即用同义词表达。其次，我们可以用一句完整的话来描述出来它，对其加以解释说明。再次，如果我们实在描述不了也替代不了，那么我们还可以把一些解释不清的东西略去不写。只写那些自己会写的，避开那些自己不会写的。扬长避短，在写作中才能避开容易犯的错误而得到高分。

三、基础不过硬，少用复杂句

不少考生在考试中喜欢用很长很复杂的句式来填充自己的作文，对于英语语法熟练的考生来说这很随意，但是英语水平不过硬的考生最好不要过多地运用复杂句、长难句，因为考试作文是检验一个考生写作水平的工具，命题人虽然会以复杂句来判断考生的英语水平，但是复杂句也表示它容易出错的几率要高很多。因此，在考试中虽然我们要写复杂句但是注意不能写太多这样的句子，考试作文的句子要长短结合。基础不好的考生避免运用长难句，这样自己出错扣分的概率也小很多。

四、认真审题，思考作文分支观点

很多考生在拿到考试作文题时第一感觉是这个作文自己有话说，并且知道应该说什么，但是认真开始提笔时却往往不知道从何写起，之所以会这样是因为考生对作文的审题和观点把握并不清晰，此时考生应该先审题;其次思考简单的分支观点并且考虑可以采用的哪些简单而又成熟的句型。近几年的四级或六级题目大多都会给出提纲，一般提纲中都会包含考生需要的中心句，围绕这个中心句，考生可以考虑自己的文章结构。对于分支观点这方面，考生要尽量量力而行，不要思考太深的观点，要结合自己语言表达的能力而定。

五、重点研究近几年真题作文，掌握固定结构

准备作文的时候背诵真题作文是不可避免的，但是四六级作文真题范文数量太多，有些历时已经有些久远，参考的价值并不是很大，而要把这些都背下来似乎也不太可能，所以考生要把注意力放在近几年的作文范文上，在复习时间不太充裕的时候，并不需要整篇全部背诵，主要是学习范文的行文结构，熟悉适合自己的固定句型，这样大家背诵范文的目的就已经达到了。

一、四级作文概述

四级作文是提纲作文，一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖，切题合理便可落笔；在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺，文字流畅；在文字表现上要求无语法错误，个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配，单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外，值得一提的是，在篇章结构上建议写三段，所以即便题目只给出两个提纲，最好在完成两个提纲后，再多补充一段，所补内容不限，但须跟话题相关。

二、四级作文例题分析

(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water

1. 目前淡水资源非常紧缺

2. 为什么会出现这种情况

3. 该如何解决

96年6月份曾考过此题，今天来看，似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题，那么挖掘其背后根源，并找出解决方案，就成为探讨的主要方面，而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类，界限清晰，直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象，确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话，作为一段话则显内容单薄，字数匮乏，所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充，举例时即可基于国内现状，也可纵观全球，显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水，水价上升，以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析，建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念，心理意识，行为动机以及行为举措，比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发，如社会发展，人口激增，甚至污染的加剧等方面出发，这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然，考场上由于时间紧迫，无法细想，可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因，其实也无妨，只要二者不同即可，谨防虽言明两原因，但实则彼此混淆，出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析，措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起，也可加入作为现代年轻人，我该如何约束自己，从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之，在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力，纵马驰骋，原则依旧：切题者皆可。

(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students

1.目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职

2.对于大学生是否该做兼职工作，人们看法不一

3.我的看法

这是一道校园话题，在内容上即涉及现象，又涉及观点，能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出，看到提纲1，大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景，如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告，校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等，这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时，脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景，把这些画面定格，进行详细描绘即可，即自然又切题。当然，段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之，提纲是总领，而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法，一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时，提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端)，也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点，对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是，继提出己方观点后，还应补充其他内容，如论据；也可写我的下一步做法，甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。

(3)Private Cars of Today

1.目前私家车越来多了

2.私家车为人们带来的益处和问题

这道题只有两个提纲，所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容，可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类：如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等)，也可在1，2之间插入一段(如原因分析，即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1，依然是事实陈述，看到提纲1，会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆，以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车，那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2，是私家车给人们生活带来的影响，该事实是一中性事实，则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性，一方面它带来好处，如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便，另一方面它带来坏处，如排放废气，污染环境，或造成交通堵塞等等。

一、引出开头

1. It is well-known to us that…(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned...就我所知……)

2.Recently the problem of… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over …(最近……问题引起了关注)

3.Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题)

4.Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)

5.With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…(随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……)

6.It is a common belief that…==It is commonly believed that…(人们一般认为……)

7.A lot of people seem to think that…(很多人似乎认为……)

8.It is universally acknowledged that +句子(全世界都知道……)

二、表达不同观点

1.Peoples views on…vary from person to person. Some hold that…However, others believe that…(人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……)

2.People may have different opinions on…(人们对……可能会持有不同见解)

3.Attitudes towards (drugs)vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards(failure)(人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异)

4：There are different opinions among people as to…(对于……人们的观点大不相同)

三、表示结尾

1.In short, it can be said that…(总之，他的意思是……)

2.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that…(从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……)

3.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that…(把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……)

4.Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that…(因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……)

5：There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.(毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点)

6.All in all, we cannot live without…, but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.(总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题)

四、提出建议

1.It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).(该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了)

2.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of…(毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视)

3.Obviously, if we want to do something … it is essential that…(显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……)

4.Only in this way can we …(只有这样，我们才能……)

5.Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

五、预示后果

1.Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that…will lead us in danger.(很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险)

2.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that …(毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……)

3.It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation(很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展)

六、表示论证

1.From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)

2.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that…(我无法完全同意这一观点)

3.As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, ...(就我来说……)

4.I sincerely believe that…==I am greatly convinced (that)子句。(我真诚地相信……)

5.Finally， to speak frankly， there is also a more practical reason why …(最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……)

七、给出原因

1.The reason why + 句子 ...is that + 句子(……的原因是……)

2：This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First, ... , Second, ... ,Third, ... . 这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三…

3.For one thing, ... For another thing, ... ==On the one hand, ... On the other hand…一方面……另一方面……

4.I quite agree with the statement that…The reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分赞同这一论述，即……其主要原因如下。

八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法

1.The best way to solve the troubles is… 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

2.As far as something is concerned,…就某事而言，……

3.It is obvious that…很显然……

4.It may be true that…but it doesnt mean that…可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……

5.It is natural to believe that…but we shouldnt ignore that…认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……

6.There is no evidence to suggest that…没有证据表明……

九、表示好处和坏处

1.It has the following advantages.它有如下优势

2.It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处

3It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处

十、表示重要、方便、可能

1.It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……

2.It plays an important role in our life.

十一、采取措施

1.We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施

2.We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难

3.We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……

4.We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难。

十二、显示变化

1.Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化2.Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化3.It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从……增加/减少到……

4.The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%

十三、表明事实现状

1.We cannot ignore the fact that…我们不能忽略这个事实……

2.No one can deny the fact that…没人能否认这个事实……

3.This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 4：be closely related to ~~ (与……息息相关)

十四、进行比较

1.Compared with A, B……与A比较，B…

2.I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

十五、常用英语谚语

1.Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩

2.All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子

3.All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马

4.A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半

5.Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊

6.A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里

7.Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母

8.Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母

9.It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老

10.Knowledge is power.知识就是力量

11.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人

每年的英语中考都有写作这一考查的内容，所以同学们要重视写作的方法，消除畏惧心理，排除心理障碍。纵观近几年中考英语写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说，不同的写作题材，它的人物，时间，写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面简单介绍一下中考英语写作六个要素：审题清，要点明，列提纲，全文顺，无病句，打草稿。

一、审题要清

看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。

二、要点明确

要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐一罗列出。

三、列出提纲

为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。

四、写顺全文

写短文时要做到五个方面：

1.避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。

2.多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或独立主格结构等较复杂的句型。

3.注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误;主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致;注意冠词用法，例如：It takes Tom half an hour to go to school by bus.中的an不能写成a;注意拼写，例如：fourteen，forty，ninth等不要写成forteen，fourty，nineth等;注意标点符号和大小写。

4.描写人物时，要生动具体，可以选择使用下列词汇，例如：外形：tall，short，fat，thin，strong，weak，pretty等;颜色：red,yel-low，blue，white，green，brown，black等;心情：glad，happy，sad，excited，anxious，interest-ed等;情感：love，like，hate，feel，laugh，cry，smile，shout等。

5.上下文要连贯。同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间)，使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：并列关系：and,as well as,or…;转折关系：but,yet,how-ever…;时间关系：when,while,after,before,then,after that…;因果关系：so，there-fore，asaresult…;目的：in order to，in order that，so as to,so that…;列举：for example ,such as…;总结性：in general,in all,in a word,generally speaking…

五、没有病句

中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：(1)看字数是否达到要求，看有无遗漏要点。

(2)看文体格式是否正确规范。

(3)看有无语法或用词上的错误。

(4)看单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错，标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等。

(5)注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致。

六、先打草稿

考试中，书面表达应做到先打草稿，写完后多读几遍，检查是否有误，然后再抄到试卷上，注意字迹要工整，不涂、不画、不勾不抹，避免不必要的扣分。

阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

如果给你一个选择题，让你选择：南极考察人员在南极生存的最大威胁是什么?冰川、寒冷?还是食物、极昼?相信很少有人选择正确——极昼。极昼就是太阳终日都出现在地平线上的一种自然现象。在南极，出现极昼就没有了黑暗，人们的生物钟紊乱，任凭多么疲倦困顿，也睡不着，进而焦虑烦躁。黑暗成了生命的急需。人生又何尝不是?昼与夜共同构成了生命，缺一不可。

要求：①立意自定;②角度自选;③除诗歌外，文体自选。

【写作指导】

这个材料所述主题是唱“人生态度”主旋律这个调，贴近考生实际，道理在于引导考生正确处理价值观、人生观。考生可以顺着材料末尾的那个设问句思考，只要能正确理解“昼与夜共同构成了生命，缺一不可”，以“泰然面对人生风雨”“笑对苦难”“乐观”为主题来写，就能写出一篇好作文。当然，想要写出新意和深度还是很考验学生文学底蕴的。最好能体悟到：人生的极昼，就是有时苦难像皑皑白雪一样直炽你的眼，有时幸福又像灿烂阳光一样紧抓你的心，所以对待人生的坎坷、磨难，抑或好运、甜蜜都应该坦然处之。

范文：

在漫漫人生路上，有太多挫折要我们去战胜，人生如一台戏，我们每个人都只是剧情中的一个角色，有时是主角，有时是配角，但每个角色都有深刻的意义。芸芸众生，有的人成功了，有的人失败了，有的声望很大，有的却是默默无闻，面对人生道路上的种种障碍，只要一心一意，甩掉多余的顾虑，无论是困难还是挫折都将会战胜，心明则路明，心有多宽，路就有多广，人生道路上的荆棘不是我们没有能力穿越，而是我们有太多顾虑，只要我们甩掉了多余的顾虑，我们将永往直前，风雨无阻。

路在何方，路就在脚下，地上本无路，走的人多了便成了路，只要放下内心的顾虑，人生的道路将畅通无阻。世界赋予我们每个人平等的生命，无多也无少，只要我们用心去感悟，生命将演绎人生的精彩，人生将为无畏者架起七彩彩虹，也为永往直前，风雨无阻的人们绽放花的美丽，而绽放正是花心的裂变。冲破多余的顾虑，一切将会变得简单而从容。面对人生，我们要有文天祥的“留取丹心照汗青”的忠诚，要有李白“直挂云帆济沧海”的自得，要有陶渊明“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的潇洒。放弃该放弃的，我们最终将会有所得。

相反，如果顾虑太多，将会导致止步不前，在这里，我们就要学一学我们的前辈陶渊明先生，他没有任何顾虑，不迷恋官场，毅然回乡，享受他的“榆柳荫后檐，桃李罗堂前”的恬适清淡的田园生活。“不为五斗米而折腰”，就是他没有顾虑，敢于舍弃的表现。正缘于此，他的美名为历史所铭记。身在现代社会的我们，面对生存和竞争，也会碰到很多问题。如果顾虑太多，也会裹足不前。例如，当我们参加高考时，如果顾虑重重就会适得其反，从而导致一连串错误。日常生活也是这样，如果我们想得太多，将会把我们自己锁在一个牢笼中，得不到自由，也得不到快乐，如果我们能够保持一颗平常心，才会生活得更快乐、更轻松。就如这则材料一样，这个孩子担心自己的衣服会弄脏而止步不前，当妈妈告诉他，放开心灵，注意力集中，他才毅然担起了担子。并不是他没有能力挑起这个担子，而是他没有轻装上阵，放下心中的包袱和顾虑。因此，只要我们集中精力，放下顾虑，勇往直前，就能迈向成功的彼岸。

面对生活中的点点滴滴，只要我们用心去体会，我们的生活将会变得更加美好，生活需要勇气，“无臂钢琴师”刘伟值得敬佩，他不会为自己的生活而忧虑，尽管在孩提时代那场严重的事故中他失去了双臂。“没人规定钢琴一定要用手弹!”刘伟如是说。他从未对自己的未来感到忧虑，他知道生命不过只是简单的选择：要么死去，要么精彩地活着。放下顾虑的刘伟最终登上维也那金色大厅，当他用双脚演奏时，世界为他动容。

只有我们甩掉多余的顾虑，我们的生活将充满阳光，我们将有能力战胜人生道路上的种种挫折，就没有过不去的沟沟坎坎，生命也将永远精彩绽放!

下面是语文迷小编整理提供的100个英语写作句式，欢迎大家阅读参考。

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

中学生作文从写作的内容看，大致有写人记事类作文，写景状物类作文，说理抒情类作文等等。下面我们先讲写人记事一类作文的写作。写人必须从具体的事情之中写人，写事也必须通过人的活动来写事。人因事而鲜活，事因人而彰显。人事相因，互为依托。因此，要想写出人物的鲜明个性，就必须记述人物的二三事；而要写出事情的曲折波澜，也必须把握好人物的思想性格。世界上没有两片相同的树叶，作为有着自然的、社会的、精神的各种属性的人那就更是千差万别、各不相同了。

一，什么是人物的个性特征?

个性特征，是指一个人在思想、品质、行为、习惯等方面异于他人的特征。由于人们的生活经历和所处的社会环境不同，因而个性的差异是普遍存在的，即使是同一种思想品质，在表现形式上也总有这样那样的区别，不会完全相同。因此，我们在作文中描写人物的时候，应该着重表现人物的这种个性特征，这样才会把人物写得栩栩如生、惟妙惟肖，才会感染读者。我国古代小说《儒林外史》刻画吝啬鬼严监生临死前的一个细节非常典型：

严监生自此，严监生的病，一日重似一日，再不回头。诸亲六眷都来问候。五个侄子穿梭的过来陪郎中弄药。到中秋已后，医家都不下药了，把管庄的家人都从乡里叫了上来。病重得一连三天不能说话。晚间挤了一屋的人，桌上点着一盏灯。严监生喉咙里痰响得一进一出，一声不倒一声的，总不得断气，还把手从被单里拿出来，伸着两个指头。大侄子走上前来问道：“二叔，你莫不是还有两个亲人不曾见面?”他就把头摇了两三摇。二侄子走上前来问道：“二叔，莫不是还有两笔银子在那里，不曾吩咐明白?”他把两眼睁的溜圆，把头又狠狠摇了几摇，越发指得紧了。奶妈抱着哥子插口道：“老爷想是因两位舅爷不在眼前，故此记念。”他听了这话，把眼闭着摇头，那手只是指着不动。赵氏慌忙揩揩眼泪，走近上前道：“爷，别人说的都不相干，只有我晓得你的意思!你是为那灯盏里点的是两茎灯草，不放心，恐费了油。我如今挑掉一茎就是了。”说罢，忙走去挑掉一茎。众人看严监生时，点一点头，把手垂下，登时就没了气。

这里，作者通过写严监生临死前因为灯盏里燃着两根灯草，怕多费了一点灯油，只把两个指头伸着，硬是不肯断气，一屋子的人都在那里猜测捉摸，幸好他的老伴赵氏弄明白他的心思，上前去挑掉一根灯草，他才断气。很显然，作者正是要通过这一典型细节，来着意刻画严监生吝啬小气的个性特征。在文学作品中，这种通过人物的心理或肖像或动作或语言等描写来刻画人物性格特征的例子可以说不胜枚举。

一.开头段常用提出现象句型

1. Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.

如今，在日常生活中，越来越多…被广泛…

2. In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…

近年来，…受到越来越多…的欢迎

3. Recent years have been a boom in…

近年来，出现了迅速增长。

4. Nowadays, there are many…

如今，出现了许多…

5. Nowadays,…has become a very common matter in…

如今，…已经成为在…的常见现象。

6. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…

如今，在…方面出现了上升趋势。

7. Recently…has aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.

最近，…引起了广泛关注/受到了人们的关注。

8. Most of us may have such experience that…

我们当中许多人可能都有…这种经历。

二. 开头段常用引出他人观点的句型

9. In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…

针对…现象，有人说…

10.When asked about…most people say…

当被问到…，大多数人认为…

11. When it comes to…, some people think…

关于…,有人认为…

12. Now, it is widely believed that…

现在，许多人认为…

三.开头/中间段常用引出两种不同观点的句型

13. There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…

如今社会上出现了关于…的争论。有些人认为…另一些人则声称…

14. When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.

当谈及…时，有相当一部分人认为…然而，另一些人则有不同的想法。

15. People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…

当谈及…时，人们观点不一。有人坚持认为…另有人认为…

四.开头段常用引出故事/事件句型

16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…

…点在…,当我正…的时候，我看见…

17. It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…

五.中间段常用引出优缺点/不足/影响句型

18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.

…有许多有点/好处。

19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.

正如许多事物一样，…也是既有优点又有不足的。

20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…

…会为…造成不好的影响。

21. …may give rise to/result in a number of problems.

…会导致一系列的问题。

六.中间段/结尾段常用引出原因句型

22. Why…? Three factors can explain this. First… Second…Third…

为什么…?有三个因素可以解释。首先，…其次…，第三…

23. As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…

就导致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…

七.中间/结尾段常用引出解决方法句型

24. How to…? The key words are as follows. To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …

如何…?关键措施如下。首先…其次…最后…

25. Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虚拟语气)

如果我们掌握了以下处理…的方法，如此的…可能不会…第一个方法是…第二个方法是…第三个方法是…

八.结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点的句型

26. As far as I am concerned, I agree with…

就我个人而言，我支持…

27. As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.

对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。

28. For my part, I am on the side of…

对我来所，我站在…那边。

29. As I see it, …

就我看来，…

30. From my perspective, I…

就我而言，我…

九.图表作文开头段常用引出总体趋势的句型

31. As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…

从图表可见，自…以来，…出现了极大的增长。

32. It can be seen/concludedfrom the chart that…dropped/declined/fell/reduced slightly to…

依图可见/判断，…小幅下降到了…

导语：英语作文也是需要日积月累的练习的，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. We re often told that ......But is this really the case ?

我们经常被告知......但事实真是这样吗?

2. People used to ......however , things are quite different today .

过去，人们习惯......但,今天的情况有很大的不同。

3.some people think that ......Others believe that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that ......

一些人认为......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理。但是我们必须认识到......

4.Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution .

认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。

5. It is another new and bitter truth we must learn to face .

这是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。

6. In short , we must work hard to make the world a better place .

简而言之，为了把世界变成更美好的地方，我们必须勤奋工作。

7.Lost time is never found again.

岁月既往，一去不回。

8.Everybody should have a dream.

每个人都该有个梦想.

9.Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。

10.Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母。

11.Lets look on the bright side.

让我们往好处想吧。