0英语作文写作指导之邮件（优秀20篇）
随着经济全球化发展,英语在全球范围内被广泛使用,成为国际通用语,具有国际化。大学生在该怎么用英语介绍自己?下面是小编为大家整理的大学英语自我介绍范文，仅供参考。
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1000写作指导
全文共 466 字
+ 加入清单这是一个多角度的作文材料，可以从不同的角度得出不同的作文中心。
1、从流浪汉的角度：流浪汉虽然令人同情，但材料中的流浪汉似乎并不如此。注意“津津有味”一词和“完全沉浸在自己的小世界里”一句。看得出，流浪汉很满足于自己的生活，并不感到沮丧。这个角度令我们联想到了许多版本的“寻找快乐”的故事(快乐在我心中)。
2、从行人的角度：行人出于同情，施舍了十元钱。行人的同情心值得肯定，但行人肯定不知道这个流浪汉的内心快乐。他肯定不知道自己的施舍行为给这个流浪汉带来了什么。这个角度阐述的道理是：施舍与尊重他人的关系。
3、从材料结尾的角度：材料结尾行人的施舍引起了流浪汉的反应(或称之为思考)。这个结尾为“续写一个故事”作了必要的准备。从这个角度，我们该思考：流浪汉会有什么反应?愤怒行人的行为?反省自己的不思进取，满足于自己暂时的有酒喝有饭吃?思考自己以后的人生之路怎么走? 按此思路进行续写，只要故事的发展合乎逻辑，也是符合作文要求的。
4、最好的立意，就是全面把握材料的角度，把握流浪汉“惊醒”与“怔怔的”立意：人间还有爱/世界有爱/寻找自我
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篇1：写作指导
全文共 319 字
+ 加入清单这是一个由一对反义词组成的题目，两个概念对比鲜明，含义浅近。构思切入时可以联想到爱情，短暂的相逢是美丽的，永恒的分别也是感人的。不过思路可以放宽一些，搜古寻今，借鉴历史，联系现实。短暂是为了衬托永恒，很容易想到生命、价值、追求等精神层面的一些问题。借助典型材料，阐释永恒的意义，不失为明智之举。
(一)“短暂”与“永恒”是一组对立统—的关系，两词意义相对，表现为对立性。而短暂中有永恒，永恒又是由无数短暂组合而成的，这表现为统—性。“短暂”可实指，指时间、过程;永恒可虚指，指事物的抽象意义。
(二)立意与选材
第一种立意：生命短暂，但生命的价值则可永恒。社会现象，自然现象
第二种立意：永恒的美在一刹那
第三种立意：与其追求永恒，不如绽放片刻美丽
篇2：2024年考研英语写作素材汇编
全文共 1435 字
+ 加入清单1)Some(people)argue/claim/believe/hold that……But others set(put)forth a different argument about/oppositive views on the matter in question.
(e.g. Some claim that setting off firecrackers is a good practice of celebrating the Spring Festival.……But others put forth opposite views on the problem.)
2)Some(people)advocate/endorse/favor/are for(或oppose/object to/are against)……Yet others stick to/hold on to/cling to the opposite views/argument/points.
(e.g. Some advocate changes intended to modernize the building code.……Yet others hold on to the opposite views.)
3)To some peoples mind/From some peoples point of view/In the eye(s)o f some people，the matter in question is/seems/should be/means……But to othersmind/from others point of view/in otherseyes，it is just/quite the other way around/contrary/opposite(或the opposite/reverse is the case/true.)
(e.g. To some peoples mind，reading should be done in a selective way.……But to others‘，it is just the other way around.)
4)Some(people)respond/react to……by……But others behave/act in the other direction/in the opposite way.
(e.g. Some people respond to failure by remaining inactive or avoiding it……But others behave in the opposite way.)
5)Some take the view that……And/But on the other hand，others argue for the opposite view that……
(e.g. Some are of the view that institutions mould characters.……And on the other hand，others argue for the opposite view that characters transform institutions.)
篇3：英语说明文写作要点
全文共 401 字
+ 加入清单说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等；也可以是抽象的，如概念定律等。
说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有一定的套路可循，因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着对象的不同，具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。
说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点：
1.语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，避免夸张华丽的辞藻，要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。
2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多，但不能喧宾夺主。
3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。因此，练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作，找出最合理的一种。
4.由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此，可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来增加文章的色彩。
篇4：高三英语作文梦想100词
全文共 1219 字
+ 加入清单I have a dream, deeply rooted in my mind, that is when I grow up, I want to
be a scientist, although I have no wisdom, no rigorous thinking, also does not
have the accurate judgment, but I still wont give up work. Although this dream
I very far away, but I still wont stop pursuing. Although in the process of
realize the dream, there will be many setbacks and countless hardships, but Im
still not discouraged. Because I believe that only through hell of polish, and
to build to create the power of heaven, only through the blood fingers, to pop
up to the swan song of time; Only through hardships and setbacks, to achieve
your dreams!
Previously, whenever see scientists remarkable achievement, always feel
envy and admiration. Is, they promoted the development of the society; Is, they
make peoples living standards improve, But they, for the development of the
motherland ushered in a brand new tomorrow!
So, I want to be a scientist, become a contribution to the country, to
become the pillars of the country.
Had this dream, I will continue to be so hard, never give up, have the
dream, is to grasp their own life course, will not be lost. Had this dream, like
a lamp, light up my way forward, has been to the pinnacle of victory!
篇5：英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分
全文共 45713 字
+ 加入清单下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。
对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。
因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！
1.?????? Proverbs
1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.
2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.
3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.
4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.
5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.
6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.
7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.
8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.
9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.
10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.
11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.
12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.
2. Damaging Research
A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.
3. Education and Citizenship
An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.
Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.
Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.
Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.
4. The Teacher’s Role
Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.
Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.
5. Education Philosophy
For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.
Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.
In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.
This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.
6. Student Life
To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.
Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.
Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)
What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.
Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.
7. Adult Education
After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”
So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.
8. Moral Relativism in American
Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.
Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.
In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”
Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.
In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”
The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.
The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.
At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.
The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.
But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.
There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.
9. Schools Should Teach Values
People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”
There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.
As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”
This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.
We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.
What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.
These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.
After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.
10. College Pressures
Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.
What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.
My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.
I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.
“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”
Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.
It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.
The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.
Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.
Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.
Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.
I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.
“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.
“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”
“Then why are you going?”
“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”
Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”
But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.
I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.
Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.
“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”
The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”
Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.
Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.
“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”
Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.
To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.
If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.
Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.
“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”
“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”
I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.
Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.
This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.
They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.
If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.
I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.
I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.
11. To Err Is Wrong
In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?
Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.
Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:
Right over 90% of the time = “A”
Right over 80% of the time = “B~”
Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.
From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.
Playing It Safe
With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.
I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.
Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.
Different Logic
From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.
Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.
Errors as Stepping Stones
Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.
The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.
Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.
Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.
[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分
篇6：2024年高考英语写作素材：劳动节祝福
全文共 2858 字
+ 加入清单五一劳动节，旅游不停歇，领略风光好，提升新境界，亲朋遥相聚，说笑不分离，身体虽疲惫，心里自然美，人间情珍贵。节日虽忙碌，没忘送祝福：劳动节快乐!
Labor Day, travel non-stop, enjoy the scenery, to enhance the new realm, relatives and friends. Together, talking and laughing are not isolated, is physically tired heart, the beauty of nature, the world precious love. The holiday is busy, dont forget to send blessings: a happy labor day!
五一到，扛一筐快乐，背一袋开心，真心送你送顺心;顶一卷如意，举一群幸福，真诚送你送温馨;揽一堆安康，扒一块吉祥，真情送你送舒心，愿你笑容绽放每一秒，五一劳动节快乐!
Five one to carry a basket, happy, happy heart to send back a bag, send you my best; each volume, for a group of happy, sincerely give you send a bunch of warm embrace; Ankang, with a piece of luck, love to send you to comfort, wish you smile every second, Labor Day happy!
编一个短信送给你，写份祝福送给你。五一来临之际，为您送上一份衷心的祈祷与祝福，诚祝您与您的家人度过一个愉快的劳动节!
Write a message to you, write a blessing to you. Five one approaching, to pray and bless you a heartfelt, sincere wish you have a nice day with your family!
携着一缕缕阳光心情妙，伴着一春浓浓芬芳笑容爽，发一段长长祝福万事吉，添一段甜甜回忆情意浓，道一声幸福悠长体安康，愿你五一劳动节生活美满，幸福常。
With the sun continuously wonderful mood, with a thick fragrant spring smile bright, send a blessing all long Ji, add a sweet memories of affective thick, say happiness long body of Ankang, I wish you a happy life Labor Day, happiness always.
劳动虽光荣，心情要放松，平常工作忙，身体好辛苦，五一假期到，外面风光好，快乐和健康，朋友要享到，愿君少烦恼，幸福粘你跑。
Labor is glorious, the mood to relax the body, usually busy with work, good work, five one holidays to the outside scenery, good, healthy and happy, to enjoy friends, wish you happy worry, stick you run.
平时工作太劳累，假期可以按时睡;清除烦恼忘琐碎，开心乐观不后退;真挚友谊诚可贵，短信祝福真实惠;劳动节里心情美，快乐和你永相随。
I work too hard, the holidays can sleep; clear trouble forget the trivial, happy dont retreat; sincere friendship is precious, SMS blessing real benefits; labor day in the mood beauty, happiness and you forever.
又是今年五一到，平安吉祥没烦恼：骑上顺利的单车，背起开心的背包，走上自在的小路，闻着甜蜜的花香，给自己身心一个放松的旅行，自然会得到生命更美好的记忆!五一提醒：必须开心，必须放松!
This year is the five one, peace auspicious not worry: ride smooth bicycle, carrying happy backpack, to ease road, smelling the sweet fragrance of flowers, give yourself a relaxing trip, will naturally be more beautiful memories of life! Five one reminder: must be happy, must be relaxed!
五月微风好春光，槐花栀子竟飘香，五一劳动节又来临，短信祝福送给你，外出旅游要小心，爱护文物和古迹，悠闲自得莫疲惫，健康排在第一位，饮酒千万别开车，平平安安才是真，祝朋友劳动节快乐!
In May a good spring, flower fragrance of Gardenia unexpectedly, Labor Day comes again, SMS blessing you, travel, be careful, protect cultural relics and historical sites, leisurely not tired, health in the first row, dont drink and drive, peace is the true friend, I wish a happy labor day!
平常忙，难游玩，工作多，好疲惫，五一到，假期来，爬爬山，观观海，赏赏花，陪陪家，远烦恼，多欢乐，心情愉，身体健，好朋友，常挂心，送祝福，万事顺。
Usually busy, difficult to play, work, good tired, five one, holidays, mountain climbing, sea view, appreciation of flowers, spend time with family, far more joy, worry, feel good, good health, good friends, often worry, send blessings, maestro.
篇7：2024年高考英语写作常用句型素材
全文共 1297 字
+ 加入清单1.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
5.写信的开头：Very glad to receive your letter of July 13.
6.One day after school,XiaoMing passed a Café on his way home.
7.The boss had no choice but to let him in.
8.How he enjoyed himself on the computer!
9.Walking home full of fear,he was sure that he would be scolded.
10.However,other students are against the idea.
11.Sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us.
12.today’s activity has taught us the new meaning of the spirit of LeiFeng:sharing with others what you have—you time,energy,or knowledge—makes you fell warm in you heart.It has truly a difference in how I feel about myself.
13.The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.
14.No matter what he says，I won’t believe.
15. Thanks to the good weather，our journey was comfortable.
16. At the news of his death，she went pale with sorrow.
篇8：2024英语写作指导：英语作文万能开头
全文共 1981 字
+ 加入清单下面是由语文迷网整理的三类英语作文开头句型，希望对你有帮助。
一、常规开头句型
1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻，…
3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说……
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到，…
6.Its generally recognized that… 它普遍认为…
7.Its likely that … 这可能是因为…
8.Its hardly that… 这是很难的……
9.Its hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
11.Theres no denying the fact that…毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that… 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.whats far more important is that… 更重要的是…
二、四级引出开头
1：It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…)
2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注)
3：Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题)
4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)
5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……)
6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……(人们一般认为……)
7：A lot of people seem to think that……(很多人似乎认为……)
8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道...)
三、高考英语引出开头
Recently, the problem of … has aroused peoples concern. 最近,……问题已引起人们的关注.
The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题.
Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.
如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.
It is commonly believed that … / It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为……
Many people insist that … 很多人坚持认为……
With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…
随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
A lot of people seem to think that … 很多人似乎认为……
篇9：写作指导
全文共 3390 字
+ 加入清单写人必须从具体的事情之中写人，写事也必须通过人的活动来写事。
人因事而鲜活，事因人而彰显。人事相因，互为依托。因此，要想写出人物的鲜明个性，就必须记述人物的二三事；而要写出事情的曲折波澜，也必须把握好人物的思想性格。
世界上没有两片相同的树叶，作为有着自然的、社会的、精神的各种属性的人那就更是千差万别、各不相同了。
一、什么是人物的个性特征?
个性特征，是指一个人在思想、品质、行为、习惯等方面异于他人的特征。由于人们的生活经历和所处的社会环境不同，因而个性的差异是普遍存在的，即使是同一种思想品质，在表现形式上也总有这样那样的区别，不会完全相同。因此，我们在作文中描写人物的时候，应该着重表现人物的这种个性特征，这样才会把人物写得栩栩如生、惟妙惟肖，才会感染读者。通过人物的心理或肖像或动作或语言等描写来刻画人物性格特征的例子可以说不胜枚举。
二、怎样才能写出人物的个性?
１．运用语言、外貌、动作等勾勒人物形象。 描写人物的语言和行动，应注意以下问题：
第一，要注意语言和行动描写必须切合人物身份，符合人物的年龄与地位，做到“言如其人”，“行如其人”。
第二，要注意语言、行动描写必须符合人物的性格。人物具有怎样的性格特征，就会有怎样的言行。要写出个性，必须抓住有代表性的言行进行描写。
第三，要注意言行往往是相关联的，有怎样的言，就有怎样的行。描写人物的语言和行动，要协调一致，共同体现人物的性格特征。
写好肖像，以形传神。写肖像，一定要学会刻画眼睛。眼睛是心灵的窗户，透过这个窗户，可以窥视人物内心的种种变化，把握人物的性格特征。鲁迅先生就说：“要极俭省的画出一个人的特点，最好是画他的眼睛。”画眼睛，就是要把人物的眼睛中最传神的特点表现出来，使人物形神兼备。怎样才能画好人物的眼睛呢？
一是要让人物的眼睛反映人物的经历、遭遇、处境和人物的内心变化。鲁迅的《祝福》多次写祥林嫂的眼睛、眼光、眼神，借以表现祥林嫂的不幸遭遇和性格的变化。
二是要让人物的眼睛反映出人物的年龄、个性和不同的情绪。人物的年龄、性格、情绪不同，他们的眼神和目光也会不同。
比如孩子的眼睛可以是“明澄得像水晶一样“，而老人的眼睛则应当留下生活刻下的印记，或是饱经沧桑，或是沉静平和慈详，或睿智深邃。刚强自信的人会拥有熠熠生辉的双眸，而脆弱自卑的人眼光是躲躲闪闪游离不定。
眼睛可写满渴望写满期待，希望工程的代表宣传画——魏明娟的大眼睛；眼睛可写满兴奋写满激动，成功者噙着泪花的眼睛；眼睛也可写满绝望，吸毒者无神的眼睛；写满忧郁感伤，刚强自信的人会拥有熠熠生辉的双眸，而脆弱自卑的人眼光是躲躲闪闪游离不定。
总之，只有写出人物的鲜明的个性特征，才能给读者留下深刻印象。似想，有这样一个人，个子不高不矮，身体不胖不瘦，脸色不黑不白，眼睛不大不小，鼻子不高不低，嘴巴不宽不窄，耳朵不圆不长-------你猜他（她）是谁？再比如有这样一个人，黑脸短毛，长嘴大耳，圆身肥肚，穿一领青不青、蓝不蓝的梭布直裰，提一柄九齿钉耙 ------你道他（她）又是谁？
对于前者，恐怕你苦思冥想也得不出个圆满的答案来，都是，又都不是；而对于后者，相信你一定会脱口而出：猪八戒！这两个人，为什么前一个猜不出，后一个一猜就中呢？关键就在于前者只简单介绍了人物的外貌，没有写出特征，更没有写出人物的个性，后者则不然。
许多同学认为要写出人物特征，最简单的方法便是从人物的肖像描写入手，千人千面，人的外表是很少有雷同的。八戒丑陋的外形下带着他的憨态，憨态的骨子里刻着“馋”、“懒”，也刻着“情”、“义”，恐怕这就是他立体生动的原因。这样看来，要真正把握人物的整体风貌，光写外貌是不行的，还需要从多方面、多角度去表现人物。
我们还是以猪八戒为例。虽然孙大圣的勇猛和机智夺走了读者许多的视线，但这不妨碍我们喜爱猪八戒。当然，他并不美，与孙悟空的小巧机灵一比，他愈发显得笨拙；他的武艺不错，但在金箍棒的威力下，他绝不敢逞强（高老庄的一场厮杀除外）；他的心眼似乎也不能说很好，在沙和尚的老实忠厚面前，他的懒惰与自私是藏也藏不住的。但就是这么一个缺点多多的人，他给我们带来了许多人间的烟火味，一种属于凡人的个性特征。他的这些特点不是三言两语所能说清的，作者就用多个事例来具体地描绘给我们看。因此，我们才看到了这样一个猪八戒：在高老庄，变身为壮汉的他食量大如牛，一人可抵好几个庄稼汉，你能说他不是一个勤劳的好农民吗？奉师命去寻找食物，他美滋滋地吃了一顿大西瓜，然后懒洋洋地睡了一个好觉，这样一个八戒，怎能逃脱“馋”和“懒”的评语！孙猴子被赶回了老家，八戒不也是依依不舍？大师兄不在的日子里，师傅有难，他不也是奋不顾身与妖魔斗得天昏地暗？这样一个八戒，不也是有情有义？当然，我们也忘不了他在三位菩萨变化而成的美女面前，丑态百出，这不又是一个活脱脱的好色之徒？--------就是通过众多的事例，从多个方面，写出了一个世俗的、有着人间男子的大多数优缺点的八戒。
２．通过细节表现人物个性 作文必须重视细节，如果不善于捕捉生活中的细节并合理利用的话，那么我们的文章可能无力承载浓厚的情感，无法很好地表达自己，更谈不上去感动别人。拿一把放大镜，定格住人物在特定情境下的瞬间表现，人物便会因此而生动立体。如我前面所举的严监生因两根灯芯不肯闭眼的例子。下面还是谈一下我们熟悉的猪八戒。当调皮的孙悟空抖出他私设“小金库”的隐私时，他嘴里嘀嘀咕咕地发着无意义的牢骚，一边很不情愿地从大耳朵中掏出几钱银子来，这样一个细节让我们无法忽视，无法不发出会心的微笑。
什么是细节描写?
细节描写是指对人物、环境的某一局部、某一特征的具体描绘，或是对事物发展中某一细微事实（事态）的形象描写。细节描写可以分为动作性细节描写、语言性细节描写、肖像性细节描写等。
如何通过生动的细节描写来表现人物的个性?
首先得选择好细节。细节叙写要力求生动、细致、传神。细节描写可以通过人物的言行、习惯、心理、服饰、行身立事的方法等方面来表现。
同学们特别要注意这些看起来好像不影响叙事的细节，正是这些细节使得文章生动自然并且有深度，内容也会很充实。而同学们写叙事记人的文章最大缺点就是容易把文章写得流水账一样:
“今天我晚了一点起床，把单车骑得飞快去上学，突然‘砰’的一声——胎爆了，只好去补胎，迟到了，被老师罚跑了两圈，今天真倒霉！”，根本没有什么细节，甚至连最基本的详略都没有。写人物忌空洞地叙说，否则，写出来的人必然是苍白的，干瘪的。描写人物须“当如镜中取影，妍媸好丑令观者自知”，要让人物自己说话，自己行动，“个个活跳”，而不是作者下评语，加论断。
通过细节描写表现人物个性的主要问题是细节选择不当，不能表现人物个性的本质方面；细节描写不生动传神，甚至给人虚假的感觉。
3.写好环境，以景写人
因为人物的言谈举止、神情心态只有在特定的环境中，才具有表现个性的意义。我们写人物的时候，也要注意运用环境，可以用环境与人物的行动肖像互相烘托，比如写一个热闹的聚会和朋友兴高才烈的言行及笑脸；同样，也可以用环境与人物的行动肖像进行对比烘托，同样是写一个热闹的聚会，你也可写发现为聚会不停忙碌的母亲白发又多几根。
4.正面描写与侧面描写相结合
写人物可以直接写他的言行举止，有时直接写人物言行举止表达不出他的精神，也可以采用侧面描写的方法。成语“沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花”用的也是侧面描写这个方法。
三、如何选材
刻画人物往往需要选取两三件事来表现人物性格特征，选材时，就要选用几件事或者表现一个人某一方面的个性特点和本质，或者从不同侧面来表现人物的几个方面的个性品质和特点。
通过二三事表现人物要注意的主要问题是必须通过精彩的片断来表现，而不要将二三事叙述得完整具体，使行文冗长平淡。要从不同的角度来选择二三事。如果表现的角度一致，事实上成了材料的堆砌。选材时要把握好二三事之间的外在和内在逻辑联系，使文章眉目清晰，形成一个有机的整体。
四、小结
一、什么是人物的个性特征?
二、怎样才能写出人物的个性?
１．运用语言、外貌、动作等勾勒人物形象。写好肖像，以形传神
２．通过细节表现人物个性。什么是细节描写。如何通过生动的细节描写来表现人物的个性。
3 . 写好环境，以景写人。
4 . 正面描写与侧面描写相结合。
三、如何选材。选取两三件事来表现人物性格特征。
篇10：《雷雨》同步作文写作指导
全文共 1360 字
+ 加入清单好的内容需要好的形式，好的语言形式更有助于内容的表达。江苏高考阅卷组组长何永康教授曾幽默地说：一篇作文，出现月亮，最好不过；如果没有月亮，群星璀璨也很好；没有群星璀璨，出现数颗星星也就不错，千千万万不能给阅卷老师看的是茫茫黑夜漆黑一片。月亮是针对一篇文章而言，有鲜明的个性，或者叫做体现了一定的语言风格；群星璀璨是句群段落有韵味有层次，或者叫做灵动的语言变化；数颗星星便是词语的选择和锤炼极富魅力，耐人寻味。
语言，只有展示其个性化的一面，才能够让人回首频频，才能有过尽千帆皆不是，斜晖脉脉水悠悠，肠断断白苹洲的牵挂。
那么，怎样做到语言的个性化呢？
一、展示丰富的情韵--低头弄莲子，莲子清如水。
古人云文贵远，远必含蓄。或句上有句，或句下有句，或句外有句，说出者少，不说出者多，乃可谓之远。作文是需要用声音、节奏和不同的表达手法传达出创作者独特的情调、情感、情绪，并因此而产生互芳齿颊的韵味。
这些年喝这种苦药，我大概是喝够了。(曹禺《雷雨》)
这里的苦是语意双关，话中有话，不仅指药苦，更重要的是表达周繁漪内心和精神上饱含的辛酸，甚于药苦，这句话就可谓含蓄有味。
文句有情韵，或蕴蓄着深刻的哲理，或包含着历史的沉思，或夹杂着几许幽默感。这种语言风格说到底是一种思想成熟的产物，绝不是单纯的语言训练所能实现的。惟有思想的深刻和凝重，才能达到文句有意蕴的境界。
二、体现独到的形式--嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。
整齐之美多体现在利用整句上。整句是指结构相同或相近，形式整齐的句子。常见的整句的类型包括对偶和排比。
错落之美指句式运用灵活。《晋祠》中交错并用短句和长句，散句和整句，看上去参差有别，读起来富有节奏的变化，这就产生了语言的错落美。晋祠的美，在山，在树，在水。这里的水，多、清、静、柔。作者在这里巧以逗号、顿号断句，有意化长句为短句，表达上充分显示出短语连用的简洁、明快、响亮、急促的修辞特征。三句六字揭开了晋祠美之所在，一句四顿道出流水诱人之处。
典雅之美指巧妙地化用古典诗词，抒发自我胸臆，能增添语言的弹性和文化底蕴，使表达凝练而隽永，富有文采。
于是老杜春夜咏哦，小杜清明问路；陆放翁卧听夜阑，僧志南杖过桥东；易安居士（李清照）叹绿肥红瘦，诚斋主人（杨万里）赏荷心呈珠；张志和泛舟垂钓不须归，苏东坡淡妆浓抹拟西湖。
字里行间弥散出雨天读古诗古典气息，语言明丽雅隽，令人赏心悦目。
和谐之美是指在遣词造句中，除考虑词语的意义、内容之外，还有意识地考虑到它的声音、形式，讲究语音修辞，使语言的声音给人以美感。
《晋祠》全文十九处运用叠音形式的词。如细流脉脉碧波闪闪清清的微波长长的草蔓一缕缕一簇簇等分别从声色形势量的角度描绘了晋祠的特征。运用叠音词，在重复同一音响信息的同时，不仅给人以一种音韵铿锵、旋律动听的音乐美感，并且还给人以一种行文气势雍容舒徐、回环悠扬、声情并茂的艺术享受。
三、形成自己的风格--等闲识得东风面，万紫千红总是春。
孟子云吾善养浩然之气，刘勰在《文心雕龙·养气》篇中说：纷哉万象，劳矣千想。玄神宜宝，素气资养。水停以鉴，火静而朗。无扰文虑，郁此精爽。文气是一种学识，一种时代的气度，一种境界，更是一种人格魅力的体现
风格可以含蓄，可以幽默，可以洒脱，可以大气……
总之，要有自己的风格。
篇11：基础训练五作文写作指导教案
全文共 359 字
+ 加入清单题目：我家的一个星期天
一、教学目的、要求：
1．作文前列出提纲。
2．按一定顺序叙述。
3．把主要事情写具体些。
二、教学时间：2课时
三、教学准备：教学小黑板
四、教学过程：
㈠启发谈话，导入新课。
星期天你们家是怎样度过的？哪一个星期天你过得最愉快、最有意义？说给大家听听。
㈡指导作文提纲。
1．这次作文的题目可以怎么定？（学生发言）
可以用“我家的一个星期天”，也可以自己另外定题目，强调题目一定要紧扣文章内容来定。
2．选好写哪一个星期天以后，再想一想用什么题目，表达什么中心思想，材料怎样安排，然后列一个作文提纲。
㈢学生各自列作文提纲，教师指导。
㈣请几个学生读自己列的提纲，教师酌情评议指导。
㈤提出具体作文要求。
1．写作时要按提纲来写，做到有顺序。
2．把主要的事重点写。
3．做到有中心，有条理，语句通顺。
㈥学生写作，教师巡视指导。
篇12：英文写作常用句型指导
全文共 1174 字
+ 加入清单一、用于驳性和比较性论文
1. In general, I don’t agree with
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。
3. The chief reason why… is that…
4.There is no true that…
5. It is not true that…
6. It can be easily denied than…
7. We have no reason to believe that…
8. What is more serious is that…
9. But it is pity that…
10. Besides, we should not neglect that…
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…
13. Perhaps I was question why…
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but
16. What seems to be the trouble is…
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…
20. What these people fail to consider is that…
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration。
篇13：爬山高三英语词
全文共 720 字
+ 加入清单Its spring now. The weather is warm and comfortable. Its a good time for
hiking. Therefore, my teacher organized a climbing for us. There is a beautiful
mountain in my city and its target this time. We took bus there and arrived
there at 9 p.m.. After we took off the bus, we started to climb. The mountain is
high but the scenery is beautiful. We are so excited that we climbed fast at
first. But after a while, some of us were tired,especially girls. They did not
want to go on anymore. But some others encouraged and helped them. All of us
slowed down our speed, so that no one was left behind. About 11:00 p.m., we got
to the top of the mountain. We were so happy that we did it. We feel that all
the tiredness were worth it.
篇14：对联的写作指导
全文共 1665 字
+ 加入清单对联简称对，俗叫对子或联语，一般上联叫出句、对公或对首，下联叫对句、对母或对尾。下面是小编为大家收集整理的对联写作指导的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
一、对联的特点：
对联具备四个特点，即：字数相等、平仄相合、词性相对、内容相关。
1、字数相等，断句一致：除有意空出某字的位置以达到某种效果外，上下联字数必须相同，不多不少。2、平仄相合，音调和谐：传统习惯是「仄起平落」，即上联末句尾字用仄声，下联末句尾字用平声。3、词性相对，位置相同：一般称为「虚对虚，实对实」，就是名词对名词，动词对动词，形容词对形容词，数量词对数量词，副词对副词，而且相对的词必须在相同的位置上。4、内容相关，上下衔接：上下联的含义必须相互衔接，但又不能重覆。二、对联的分类：
从内容广泛来分类
1、写景状物类：描写壮丽风景或雅兴志趣之事。例：
月来满地水;云起一天山
竹笋如枪，乌鸦焉能尖上立===兰枝似箭，黄蜂偏向利中行
2、叙事咏物类：记叙咏怀、评述古人、体察社会、启迪后人。例：
义存扶汉三分鼎;志在平金一片心
3、抒情言志类：抒发思想感情，志趣理想。例：
西塞论心亲旧雨;东山转眼起新云
4、格言哲理类：用满含哲理，意味深长的格言勉励治学立业，修身处世。例：
读书好，耕田好，学好便好;创业难，守成难，知难非难
5、讽刺讨檄类：主要出自尖税矛盾得不别解决时，辄以对联形式讽刺檄讨。例：
刑户吏礼工兵，大堂六部;马牛羊鸡犬豕，小畜一家
三、对联的形式：
1、正对：是对联中最大量的，它的内容构成主要是并列关系，上下联内容相似、相近或相关，各类字词工整相对。但是内容不可相同，同义的实词不可相对。例：
龙藏巨海秋云淡;鸟宿荒冈夜月寒
2、反对：在内容构成上有转折(变换)关系，目的关系，但上下联意思是相反的，体现一个事物的正反两面性。例：
旧社会天灾人祸;新时代国泰民安
3、串对(流水对)：就是一个意思分两句来说，上下联独立起来都无意义。至少意义不全。所以上下联一般都有因果、连贯、递进、条件、假设等关系。例：
三杯竹叶穿心过;两朵桃花上脸来
4、工对 又叫严式，它要求同小类的名词相对，越小类则越工。以同类词或近类词相对或词性相同的联绵词相对等，都叫工对。例：
楼观沧海日;门对浙江潮
5、宽对 是和工对相对而言的。它的特点在字词对中不苛求小类相对，只大类相对，平仄上个别不相对，句形结构大致相应即可。例：
咬定几句有用书，可充饮食;养成数竿新生竹，直似儿孙
6、回文对 回文又称回环，是讲究词序回环往复之趣的一种修辞法，表现两种事物的相互关系。回文对是一种别有情致的文学形式，根据内容需要进行创作，是会收到更好的艺术效果的。它有三种不同的写法：
1、上联倒转作下联法：“人过大佛寺;寺佛大过人。”
2、上下联顺逆同一法：“北陵奇景奇陵北;南塔新奇新塔南。”
3、上下联颠倒互换法：“禽鸣听耳悦;鲤跃视神怡。”可读为“怡神视跃鲤;悦耳听鸣禽。”
四、对联的写作技巧
(一)、遣词技巧
1、比喻法：运用此一事物或情景，来比喻另外一事物或情景，使人有个鲜明的印象，从而产生联想。例：
勤是摇钱树;俭为聚宝盆
2、比拟法：对联中，把事物当作人，或以人拟物，以一物拟另一物，就叫比拟。
3、夸张法：通过事物进行扩大或缩小形象的描述，借以突出描写对象的主要方面和本质特点。例：
一粒米中藏世界;半边锅里煮乾坤
4、衬托法：是为了使事物的特色突出，用另一些事物放在一起来陪衬或对照。例：
四面荷花三面柳;一城春色半城湖
5、对比法：把性质相反的两种事物，或是某一事物相反的两个方面放在一起来写。例：
心清水浊;山矮人高。
6、反对法：反对，是指上下两联，一正一反，意思互相映衬，形成对照，使楹联具有强烈的艺术效果，从而给人以深刻的印象。例：
藕入池中，玉管通地理;荷出水面，朱笔点天文
7、自对法：自对,又称“句中自对”或“当句对”,指对联中的字词句,不仅上下联相对仗,而且上联自身之中和下联自身之中(即所谓句中)也存在对仗。这就使对联更加工稳,更增添了对衬美。例：
闲云野鹤翩翩去;万水千山得得来
其中，“闲云”与“野鹤”“万水”与“千山”，自对颇工。
篇15：写作指导
全文共 329 字
+ 加入清单解题的关键就在于“来源于你自己”这几个字眼。一定要写出自己的追求、努力、拼搏等。
构思范例一：
生命的价值来源于你对自己肯定。
生命的价值来源于你自己的坚持不懈。
生命的价值来源于你自己的无私奉献。
生命的价值来源于你自己的自信达观。
生命的价值来源于你自己的坚强不屈。
生命的价值来源于你自己的平凡真诚。
生命的价值来源于你自己的执著坚守。
生命的价值来源于你自己的个性飞扬。
构思范例二：
生命的价值来源于你自己，所以他们身残志坚。
生命的价值来源于你自己，所以他们在自己的岗位上无私奉献。
生命的价值来源于你自己，他们在面对困难时坚强不屈。
构思范例三：
生命的价值来源于你自己，在平凡中彰显伟大。
生命的价值来源于你自己，在逆境中成就辉煌。
生命的价值来源于你自己，在俗世中坚守自己。
篇16：2024年高考英语写作素材：劳动节的资料
全文共 2550 字
+ 加入清单五一劳动节，始于美国工人在19世纪90年代为争取8小时工作日而进行的斗争。自那以后，世界人民便开始庆祝这一天 - 国际劳动节。这个日子在全球所扮演的角色体现了它的力量：正是在这一天，全世界所有的工人们宣布为了共同的目标而一起奋斗。
Labor Day, began in USA workers for the 8 hour day struggle in nineteenth Century 90s.. Since then, the people of the world began to celebrate this day, international labor day. It plays role in the world embodies its strength: it is in this day, the whole world all workers announced strive together for a common goal.
在许多个五一劳动节里，工人们都受到镇压，他们的活动被禁止，流血事件还时常发生。五一节逐渐失去它原来的意义，成为了独裁者和集权统治的政权对抗工人运动的一种标志性装饰;又或者就是一个平平安安的法定假日。尽管事实如此，工人们仍然满怀信心地庆祝劳动节，因为大家都知道这个社会是靠着我们的力量、眼睛、双手和智慧而不断地发展和强壮，还需要我们不断地支持。
In many Labor Day, workers are suppressed, their activities were banned, the bloodshed has often happened. Five one Jie gradually lost its original meaning, become a kind of decoration workers movement against dictator and symbol of power centralization rule; or is a peaceful holiday. Despite the fact that, workers are still full of confidence to celebrate the labor day, because we all know that this society is relying on our strength, eyes, hands and wisdom and constantly development and strong, we also need to continue to support.
正是在这一天，我们坚持体面的工作、工人健康、饮食和住房、教育和文化表达，都是我们应得的权利，而不是特权。我们志在获得这些权利。然而在这一天，我们从未胆怯卑微地去找法官和狱卒，从未守在财长们进行会议的地方，从未说服他们工会是有益于做生意，也从未要求进行更多的对话。正是在这一天，我们大声地说出：你们的银行，你们的买断、买回，给我们带来了痛苦和大量的失业工人;你们的贸易协定和专利制让工人们无法谋生，更破坏了所有人类获得食物、水和药物的权利。正是在这一天，我们大声地说出：我们不仅要建设一个更加美好的世界，而且，我们也坚决不会让世界越变越差。
It is in this day, we adhere to the expression of decent work, health, diet and housing, education and culture, we are right, not a privilege. Were aiming to acquire these rights. However, on this day, we never fear to the judge and the humble, never keep in the finance ministers meeting place, never persuade their union is beneficial to do business, never asked for more dialogue. It is in this day, we say: your bank, you buy, buy back, causing pain and a large number of unemployed workers to our trade agreements and patent system; you let the workers were unable to make a living, even destroy all humans for food, water and medicine to the right. It is in this day, we say out loud: we not only need to build a better world, moreover, we also determined not to let the world become worse.
五一劳动节是大家庆祝过去、庆祝现在和庆祝未来的日子。我们庆祝的方式就是争取应有权利和向全世界表达我们争取权利的决心。让我们一起大声又自豪地庆祝五一国际劳动节吧。
Labor Day we celebrate the past, now and future day celebration to celebrate. We celebrate the way is to fight for their rights and express our determination to fight for the rights of the whole world. Let us loud and proud to celebrate International WorkersDay.
篇17：英语写作素材积累:常用成语
全文共 2014 字
+ 加入清单导语：在英语作文中，运用一些成语或者俗语能够给作文加分哦，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
1. 瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage
2. 围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei
3. 借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife
4. 以逸待劳waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy
5. 趁火打劫plundering a burning house
6. 声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west
7. 无中生有creating something out of nothing
8. 暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path
9. 隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river
10.笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile
11.李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing
12.顺手牵羊picking up something in passing
13.打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake
14.借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse
15.调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den
16.欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him
17.抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things
18.擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers
19.釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron
20.混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters
21.金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin
22.关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route
23.远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy
24.假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor
25.偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers
26.指桑骂槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry
27.假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane
28.上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof
29.树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees
30.反客为主turning from the guest into the host
31.美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemy
32.空城计presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness
33.反间计sowing discord among the enemy
34.苦肉计deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man
35.连环计coordinating one stratagem with another
36.走为上decamping being the best; running away as the best choice
篇18：课业负担评论英文作文写作指导
全文共 533 字
+ 加入清单I.习作要求：
目前，全国各地都在大力实施素质教育，但是，学生课业负担过重的问题依然存在。请根据提示，用英语写一篇短文，对过重的课业负担予以评论。
内容要点如下：1.许多老师给学生留过多的课外作业，使学生大伤脑筋。2.学了一天，学生感到疲乏。3.应该休息，放松放松，诸如锻炼锻炼、唱唱歌等等。4.做太多的作业损害学生身心健康，益处不大。很多学生变成了近视眼。5.许多学生学了过时的知识，他们需要的是信息社会所要求的技能和创造力。6.应该采取切实措施，促进学生全面发展。
注意：1.词数：120个左右。
2. 提示词：放松relaxation;创造力creative power;全面发展develop in all-around way。
II. 学生习作：
III. 教师点评：
本文习作者抓住了提示作文的写作特点，所有的提示都能用上，不落俗套，没有逐句去翻译。成功地运用了一些语法难句，诸如被动语态、现在完成时、动词不定式及从句(What they need most)。在词语的用法上，虽有一些错误，但并不影响文章的整篇意义。纵观全文，作者对过重的课业负担予以评论，论点明确，论证有力，成功地运用了such as。这是一篇很好的作文。希望作者继续努力，力争写出更好的作文来。
篇19：寒假英语作文高一100词
全文共 802 字
+ 加入清单Barack Obama is the first president of black people, whose story inspires
so many young people to chase their dreams. As the saying that every successful
man has a woman to support him, and this woman for Obama is his wife Michelle.
As the first lady, Michelle helped Obama so much. During the campaign, she gave
inspiring speeches and people knew what they should voted for. Michelle was born
in a poor family, but her mother paid special attention to education. Michelle
was the top students all the time and she entered the top university, then she
got the degree of doctor. Then she worked in a good law office. She was an
excellent lawyer and the job experience made her a good orator. Michelle set
good examples for the women. She showed that woman’s power was great, and they
could be whoever they wanted.
篇20：高考英语记叙文写作方法
全文共 1008 字
+ 加入清单记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。
以写人为主的记叙文，应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写，考生应根据写作的要求，灵活掌握，突出重点。
以写事为主的记叙文，应该注意交待六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果)，应该注意描写先后顺序以及记事的相对完整，注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局。
以与景为主的记叙文，应该注意景物的主要特征，景物描写的层次，以及人与物的情感交融。
记叙文写作要点如下：
1. 明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想，段落叙述始终围绕着主题而展开，避免空间的叙述和与主题无关的内容。
2. 一篇好叙述文需要直接或间接表达以下六个问题，即：when?该事发生的时间， where?该事发生的地点，who?人物角色是谁，what?发生的是什么事，why?该事发生的原因，以及how?事件的结果是如何造成的等等。
3. 一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实，因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。
4. 写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法，但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练，以情节发生时间的先后为序。
记叙文高考指引
记叙文是高考书面表达中比较常用的一种形式。
1)记叙文要写作者比较了解的人或事物。
2)仔细审题，看准题目要求，确定文章的主题。文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题进行。
3)具体详细地描述。要使文章有说服力，叙述就必须繁简疏密相间。详细具体的描写有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件等有个深刻的印象。
4)写作时要避免句子单调、毫无花样。这就要求写作时长短句结合，注意衔接词的运用。
5)叙述要生动。要使文章叙述生动，具有吸引力，必须请注意词汇的选择，时态的运用以及上下文的一致问题。词语的运用应注意是否恰当、通顺、简洁和准确。时态的运用应注意上下文的相关性、连续性，要与表达的内容一致。
6)叙述的顺序。大多数情况下叙述都是按照事情的发展及时间的先后进行的，但有时也可以采用其它顺序，如倒叙、插叙等。
7)人称。一般说来，记叙文用第一人称或第三人称来叙述。用第一人称叙述的优点是：文章比较生动、形象，使读者有身临其境的感觉，因而加强了故事的真实感和感染力。其缺点是，描写的范围受到限制。一篇文章中，由于角色的变化，人称也要随之而变，但应注意前后一致性。