英语作文写作指导之邮件（实用20篇）

英语写作当中经常会用到“……很重要”这一句式，一般考生会用something be important/essential的词汇表达。不过学了比较状语从句以后，大家可以试着用一种更高级的表达方式，一定会让阅卷老师眼前一亮，作文高分就不在话下啦。

箴言仿写：Cultivation is to the mind what food is to the body.

——M·T·Cicero

上述句子可以概括为A is to B what C is to D.替换ABCD四个名词就可以用来表达“重要性”这一概念。

【例句】

★ 人生态度——乐观与悲观

A positive attitude is to life what the sun is to the earth.积极的态度对于生活，好比太阳对于地球一样。

★ 谈读书

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.阅读对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样。

★ 赡养父母——家庭

Family is to the people what life is to the individual.家庭对于人类，好比生活对于个人一样。

★ 投诉信

Cleanness is to the canteen what reputation is to the people.清洁对于食堂来说，好比名誉对于人一样。

★ 谈诚信

Honesty is to the people what life is to the creature.诚信对于人来说，好比生命对于人一样。

比较状语(倍数表达法)：

A+ be+倍数+as many/much as+ B

A+ be+倍数+the amount+ B

A+ be+倍数+what it was+ B

【例句】

★ 从1999年到2009年，奢侈品的销售增长了3倍。

①The sale of luxuries doubled from the end of 1999 to 2009.

②The sale of luxuries increased three times/three-fold from the end of 1999 to 2009.

③A three-fold increase was seen in the sale of luxuries from the end of 1999 to 2009.

④There was a three-fold increase in the sale of luxuries from the end of 1999 to 2009.

【写作练习】

定语从句与状语从句的写作方法指南：合并简单句!

1.通过指代关系合并简单句为定语从句

【例句】

★ 故事发生于19世纪末期。那个时候，中国正遭受西方列强的蹂躏。

A: The story happened in the late 19th century.

B: At that time, China was suffering from the invasion of western powers.

→合并为定语从句：The story happened in the late 19th century when China was suffering from the invasion of western powers.

2.通过逻辑关系合并简单句为状语从句

【例句】

★ 这个问题很复杂。我们花了近两周的时间才把它搞定。

A: The problem was very complicated.

B: It took us nearly two weeks to solve it.

→合并为结果状语从句The problem was so complicated that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it.

长难句虽然是考研[微博]复习中让很多考生都头疼的一部分，但可以说是无处不在的，不仅仅是阅读理解和翻译题中，需要我们去读懂并理解，更重要的是在作文题中，准确精彩地写出几个长难句，往往会让你的作文增色不少，也是你作文制胜的重要砝码，所以考研英语要想拿高分，千万不能忽视长难句哦。

时光飞逝，短暂而又愉快的假期生活已经结束了。接下来我所面临的是紧张而又愉快的新学期的教育教学生活。为把新学期的教育教学工作做好，特此作如下教学计划：

一、指导思想。

坚持马列主义，毛泽东思想。高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，认真学习教育理论，贯彻“三个代表”重要指导思想，积极响应和贯彻素质教育钻研素质教育的实质。“减负”的内在，并以此指导自己的教育教学工作，遵循教育教学规律，紧扣大纲，把我教学层次，不断提高自己的业务水平。

二、基本情况。

这一学期，我继续担任初一(1，2)班的英语教学工作。这两个班级，每班各有学生三十五人左右，但是，基础却不尽人意。初一.1班的学生基础还可以，但是2班的基础却相差很远，学生基础参差不齐，两极分化严重，没有学习的兴趣。因此，教学工作开展的相当困难。

三、教材特点。

初中英语第一册(下)主要介绍了日常生活的交际用语以及一些西方国家的文化背景和风俗习惯，教材通俗易懂，旨在使初一级学生基本能用英语进行简单的交流。

四、教学目标。

力争在期末考试中优秀率打到30%左右，及格率达到60%左右。缩小学生间的差距。为下一学期的英语教育教学工作打下以良好的基础。

五、具体措施。

1、每天背诵课文中的对话。目的：要求学生背诵并默写，培养语感。

2、每天记5个生词，2个常用句子或习语。实施：利用“互测及教师抽查”及时检查，保证效果并坚持下去。

3、认真贯彻晨读制度：规定晨读内容，加强监督，保证晨读效果。

4、坚持日测、周测、月测的形成性评价制度：对英语学习实行量化制度，每日、每周、每月都要给学生检验自己努力成果的机会，让进步的同学体会到成就感，让落后的同学找出差距，感受压力。由此在班里形成浓厚的学习氛围，培养学生健康向上的人格和竞争意识。

5、对后进生进行专门辅导，布置单独的作业，让他们在小进步、小转变中体味学习的快乐，树立学习的自信，尽快成长起来。

6、关注学生的情感，营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围。

7、实施"任务型"的教学途径，培养学生综合语言运用能力。

8、在教学中根据目标并结合教学内容，创造性地设计贴近学生实际的教学活动，吸引和组织他们积极参与。学生通过思考、调查、讨论、交流和合作等方式，学习和使用英语，完成学习任务。

9、加强对学生学习策略的指导，为他们终身学习奠定基础。

10、认真钻研教材，备好，上好每一节课，向45分钟要质量。

总之，新的学期已经开始了，我要以上一学期的基础为起点，树立信心，全身心的投入到新学期的教育教学工作中去。争取在新的一年里，把教育教学工作推向一新的层次。

我最心爱的礼物是乒乓球拍，它是爸爸送我的礼物。

在球拍的最末端，是一个蝴蝶翅膀的名牌标志。它的正面胶皮是黑色的，我叫它黑脸，胶皮的名字是红双喜狂飚三，它摩擦起来可有劲儿了，一拉就是一个旋转球，质量非常好。这的反面胶皮是红色的，我叫它红脸，胶皮名字是ZKT，这种胶皮反手拉球和防守效果很好。对方要是发球，我就要反手拉球打过去才能赢。只要把正手反手配合好，就能赢得最终的胜利。

有一次，在参加市南区乒乓球比赛中，我碰到一个和我水平差不多同学。比赛开始，他先发球，发的非常快，我也毫不示弱的用反手拉了过去。他还没反应过来，球已经掉到了地上。我们俩你追我赶，连续打了好几个回合，小小的乒乓球在空中飞来飞去，忽上忽下，忽右忽左，场上的气氛变得非常紧张。在最后一局关键的时刻，我发了一个侧转球，他侧身一个猛打，只见那小球以迅雷不及掩耳之势向我劈来，就在这时，我瞅准时机一个扣杀，打到了对方的死角，球落地了，我取得了胜利。

乒乓球拍给我带来了胜利的喜悦，我爱我的乒乓球拍。

开头部分:

How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分：

With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

这是关系式作文命题，一般由并列的几个短语组成，包含着几个方面的内容。这就要求我们在写作时，首先在内容上要兼顾几个方面，不可只顾一点，不及其余。像本题中“睁眼”和“闭眼”两个方面的内容都要写出来。其次，此类命题短语间的关系是多样的，如“相信自己与听取别人意见”是对立关系，“人文素养与发展”是条件关系，“心态与结果”是因果关系……短语间的关系不同，写作的重点自然也不同。像“睁与闭眼”是明显的对立并列关系，写作时应将二者并重，从二者的紧密联系或者褒贬角度去构思。第三，要联系社会生活，使内容具体化。具体的立意角度如下：

1.从“睁眼与闭眼”本义的角度：睁眼即张开眼睛，闭眼即闭上眼睛。睁眼做事，闭眼休息，可以谈个人不注意用眼卫生的危害，呼吁闭眼为睁眼的，并由此生发开去，倡导闭目养神，劳逸结合，谈工作和休息辩证的关系;

2.从小沈阳的名言“一闭眼再一睁眼这一天就过去了，一闭眼再不睁眼这一辈子就过去了。”生发开去，可以立意为人生就在“睁眼与闭眼”，我们为了死能瞑目，宜抓紧光阴，造福人类(联系司马迁关于生死的名言考虑);

3.从“睁眼与闭眼”的引申义的角度：睁眼即严格要求，严格管理;闭眼即降低要求, 姑息纵容, 可以谈班级管理、团队管理及日常生活等方面需要懂得“睁眼”与“闭眼”艺术，处理好严与宽的关系，才能成就功业，和睦邻里，共建文明;

4.你思维敏捷，你可以把“睁眼与闭眼” 解读为“现实与梦想”，谈实干与空想;

5.你可以把“睁眼与闭眼”解读为“睁一只眼与一只闭眼”,联系地沟油事件, 破监管不力，立严格执法;

6.你感悟深刻，积累深厚，可以联系现实生活中照集体相时的经历来立意,构想先闭眼，后睁眼的故事，方能使照片上的全体人员都能都睁着眼睛,表达换位思考、事前谋略带来成功的主旨;

7.可以从待人与律己角度立意：比如别人的缺点，他人的隐私，我们不妨，闭一只眼给别人一个理解, 做个傻瓜，装一下呆子，买一个难得糊涂，但对于自己的不足, 我们睁着眼睛来检点自己，强力改进。

有了这些思考，再确定文体，写文章也就很容易了。

可以记叙学校开展的眼保健操发生的行事,表达闭眼是为了更好的睁眼的主旨;或叙写某局长因为奔几天不闭眼最终永远闭眼的悲剧故事，表达睁眼与闭眼对维持人体运转的重大意义;可以模拟家长的口吻，构想三四则日记，表现在孩子教育问题上宜睁眼与闭眼相结合，做到有严有宽，有主有次。

可以正面论证现代人“睁一只眼与一只闭眼”即宽容、难得糊涂带来好人缘的观点，或者带来教育孩子的成功;还可以运用比喻，“睁眼”好比精通外语, “闭眼”则是不懂外语。在当今世界上，掌握一门外语，就等于比别人多一双眼睛;反之，就犹如瞎子闭眼，盲人摸象。

还可以说明“睁眼与闭眼”的养生的方法，倡导学习一小时后要休息一下，只有常闭眼才能让“心灵的窗户”永远明亮。

总之或褒或贬，或褒贬结合，可以记叙议论说明，文章写作空间大。

Time flies. 光阴似箭.

Time is life. 时间就是生命.

Times change. 时代在改变.

Time is money. 时间就是金钱.

Life is sweet. 人生是美好的.

Love is blind. 爱情是盲目的.

Extremes meet. 两极相通，有无相生。

Like knows like 人识其类。

Let well alone. 不要画蛇添足. /事已成功,不必多弄.

Marry thy like. 结婚须找同类人.

One man,no man. 个人是渺小的.

Hsitory is bunk. 历史是一堆废话。

Time marches on. 岁月如流

Murder will out. 恶行终会败露。

Never say "die. 永远不要说" 完了".

Care is no cure. 忧虑治不了病。

Beware beginning. 慎始为上。

Deeds, not words. 行动胜于空谈.

No mill, no meal. 不磨面,没饭吃.

Like begets like. 龙生龙，凤生凤。

Love begets love. 爱爱相生.

In doing we learn. 我们在干中学习.

No cross,no crown. 未经苦难,得不到荣冠.

Care killed a cat. 忧虑能杀人。

Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.

No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.

The truth will out. 真相总会大白.

Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.

To think is to see. 思考就是明白.

Truth will prevail. 真理必胜

A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。

Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.

In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.

Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.

Every little helps. 点滴都有用.

Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度，勿念旧恶。

Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.

Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.

Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.

Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.

Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.

Fair plays a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.

Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.

Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.

Whats lost is lost. 失者不可复得。

Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.

Tomorrow never comes. 切莫依赖明天. / 我生待明日,万事成蹉跎.

No man is infallible. 没有人不犯错误。

Alms never make poor. 施舍穷不了人.

Love will find a way. 爱心所至,金石为开.

Manners make the man. 举止见人品。

Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德.

Pity is akin to love. 怜悯生爱.

Call a spade a spade. 是啥说啥，难听不怕。

Delays are dangerous. 因循出危险.

Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手.

Counsel is no command. 劝告不是命令.

Poverty tries friends. 贫穷考验朋友.

Once bitten,twice shy. 吃一次亏,学一次乖.

Pain past is pleasure. 痛苦过去即欢乐.

Leal heart lied never. 心诚无谎言。

Hot love is soon cold. 过热的爱情冷得快.

As good lost as found. 有得必有失. /得失同喜.

Every dog has his day. 瓦块也有翻身日，人人都有运来时。

Wise fear begets care. 懂得担心,就会小心.

"Never”is a long word. 不要轻易说“决不”。

After wind comes rain. 风是雨的头。

Nurture passes nature. 教养胜过天性.

Time tries all things. 时间检验一切.

Time cures all things. 时间是最好的医生. /时间能医愈一切创痛.

Truth needs no colour. 真理不需要打扮.

Silence gives consent. 沉默就是赞成。

Still waters run deep. 静水流深。

Study,study,and study. 学习,学习,再学习.

Virtue never grows old. 美德不会衰老.

No sweet without sweat. 幸福来自汗水.

No herb will cure love. 相思病无药医.

A true jest is no jest. 真正的笑语决非笑话。

A man can die but once. 人无二死.

A bargain is a bargain. 成约不能翻悔。

All men cant be first. 不可能人人得冠军。

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马.

Every flow has its ebb. 潮有涨落日,人有盛衰时.

History repeats itself. 历史往往重演。

I think,therefore I am. 我思考，所以我存在。

Let bygones be bygones. 既往宜不咎。

Like author, like book. 书如其人。

Pardon all but thyself. 宽恕一切人，只是别宽恕自己。

Pride goes before fall. 骄者必败。

Knowledge is no burden. 知识再多不压身.

Civility costs nothing. 礼貌不费分文.

Charity begins at home. 仁爱先施于亲友.

Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好.

Better leave than lack. 有余胜过不足.

Cheapest is the dearest. 最便宜的也就是最贵的.

Custom is second nature. 习惯是第二天性。/ 习惯成自然。

In valour there is hope. 希望在于勇敢.

Reason rules all things. 理智统治一切.

Learn young, learn fair. 学习趁年少,而且要学好.

Idleness rusts the mind. 懒散使头脑衰退.

Health and money go far. 有了健康和钱财，就能走遍天下。

Hope well and have well. 善寄希望于未来,又善保有现在.

Hope is a lovers staff. 希望是爱者的手扶之杖.

Every Jack has his Jill. 人均有其偶.

If the cap fits,wear it. 帽子合适，你就戴上;如说的符合你的情况，你就接受。

Failure teaches success. 失败乃成功之母.

First think, then speak. 熟思而后言.

Forewarned is forearmed. 凡事预则立。

Barking dogs dont bite. 吠犬不咬人。

Beauty is but skin-deep. 美只是外表, /不能以貌取人.

Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。

Good wine needs no bush. 酒好无需挂幌子。

Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

All his geese are swans. 自己的鹅都是天鹅。

A poet is born,not made. 诗人靠天成。

A snow year,a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。

No man is indispensable. 没有一个人是不可缺少的。/少了谁地球也转。

Never hope for too much. 不要期望太多.

Tomorrow is another day. 明天又是一个新的开始.

Time is life for doctors. 对医生来说,时间就是生命.

Time is the great healer. 时间是最好的医治者.

Time works great changes. 时间会产生巨大的变化.

Two can play at the game. 你会耍的花招，别人也会。

Success has many friends. 成功者朋友多.

No pleasure without pain. 乐中必有苦.

Take things as they come. 随遇而安。

Talent is as talent does. 是不是有实才,就看干得来干不来.

All for one, one for all. 人人为我,我为人人.

A little pot is soon hot. 壶小易沸,量小易怒.

A cat may look at a king. 猫也可以看皇帝。/ 地位虽不同，人人应平等。

A good marksman may miss. 好射手也有失手的时候.

Anger is a brief madness. 愤怒是短暂的疯狂。

Wonders will never cease. 奇迹无穷尽。

You never know your luck. 命运好坏不由已.

Youth is half the battle. 年轻是胜利的一半.

As the call, so the echo. 发什么声音，有什么回声。

As the tree,so the fruit. 什么树结什么果。

He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断,反受其乱.

Fortune favours the bold. 天助勇者。

Forbidden fruit is sweet. 禁果分外甜。

From saving comes having. 富有来自节俭.

Fools haste is no speed. 急急忙忙, 欲速反慢.

Fair and softly goes far. 谦和者致远。

Every man has his faults. 人都有缺点.

Hunger is the best sauce. 饥者口中尽佳肴.

Learn even from an enemy. 即使是敌人也可以向他学习.

Little goods little care. 钱财少,不烦恼.

Practise what you preach. 躬行己说,身体力行. /自己怎么说,就得怎么干.

Second thoughts are best. 再思为上.

It is hard to please all. 要使人人满意是件难事。

Business before pleasure. 先工作,后娱乐./干完正事再玩儿.

It is dogged that does it. 有志者事竞成.

Its a day after the fair. 错过良机，为时已晚。

Reading enriches the mind. 开卷有益.

Opportunities do not wait. 机不可失,时不再来.

Other times,other manners. 隔代不同礼。

Love laughs at locksmiths. 爱情嘲笑锁匠. /爱情能克服困难.

Let the sleeping dogs lie. 莫惹是非。

Every medal has two sides. 每个勋章都有两面。/ 每个问题都有正反两面。

Every bean hath its black. 每粒蚕豆都长黑嘴。 / 人都有缺点。

Even Homer sometimes nods. 即使荷马也会打盹. /智者千虑,必有一失.

Facts are stubborn things. 事实都是顽强的. /事实是掩盖不住的.

Every why has a wherefore. 凡事必有因.

Fortune favours the brave. 天佑勇士。

Art is long,life is short. 人生短暂，艺术长存。

Bad times make a good man. 艰难困苦出能人.

Better be sure than sorry. 稳当总比后悔好。

Good counsel does no harm. 忠言有利无害。

Anything for a quiet life. 悠然自在最难求.

Appearances are deceptive. 外表是靠不住的。

Who knows most says least. 知道得最多的人说得最少。

A good deed is never lost. 好心一定有好报。

A lazy youth, a lousy age. 少时懒惰老来苦.

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开.

Take time by the forelock. 要把握时机.

Nothing seek,nothing find. 无所求则无所获.

Never do things by halves. 做事不可半途而废.

The wages of sin is death. 为恶者应灭亡。

Sow nothing, reap nothing. 春不播,秋不收. /无功不能受禄.

True love never grows old. 真正的爱永不衰老.

Sharp tools make good work. 工欲善其事,必先利其器.

Sweep before your own door. 正人先正己。

Time is wealth for workers. 对工人来说,时间就是财富.

Time is grain for peasants. 对农民来说,时间就是粮食.

Today is Yesterdays pupil. 今天是昨天的学生.

After a storm comes a calm. 雨过天晴,苦尽甘来.

A mans home is his castle. 一个人的家就是他的城堡.

A bully is always a coward. 恃强欺弱者均是懦夫。

A creaking door hangs long. 旧门久用，病夫命长。

A bow long bent grows weak. 常拉满弓无力。

An artist lives everywhere. 一技在身，走遍天下。

Youth will have its course. 人生谁无少年时,甜苦酸辛各自知.

There are spots in the sun. 太阳也有黑点。

Beggars cannot be choosers. 乞丐不能挑肥拣瘦.

Be still,and have the will. 不动声色,事方有成.

Art lies in concealing art. 艺术在于使人看不见艺术。

Freedom lies in being bold. 自由在于勇敢.

Give losers leave to speak. 要允许失败者讲话。

First thrive and then wive. 先立业,后成家.

East or West, home is best. 无论在何处,家园最美好.

Every oak must be an acorn. 每棵橡树都曾是一粒橡子.

Every man is his own enemy. 人都有与自己为敌的时候. /败事全由已.

Labour created man himself. 劳动创造人.

Leave off with an appetite. 吃得七分饱，就该离餐桌。

Love is the mother of love. 情生情,爱生爱.

Love is the reward of love. 爱是对爱的报答.

Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，戒事在天。

Man is not made for defeat. 创造人不是为了让他遭受失败. /人不是为失败而生的.

Life is too short to waste. 生命短促,不容浪费.

Honesty is the best policy. 诚实为上策.

Honour lies in honest toil. 光荣在于诚恳地劳动.

Hitch your wagon to a star. 把你的马车拴到星星上. /要胸怀大志.

Hold fast when you have it. 在手之物应紧握.

Many hands make light work. 众擎易举. /人多好办事./ 众人拾柴火焰高.

Marriage is a covered dish. 婚姻是一道盖着的菜.

Brevity is the soul of wit. 言以简为贵.

Bread is the staff of life. 民以食为天。

Blushing is virtues color. 脸红是美德的颜色。

Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。

Drawn wells are seldom dry. 水井常用不枯竭.

Drift is as bad as unthrift. 花钱凭冲动,等于无底洞.

Dont meet trouble half-way. 不要自寻烦恼。

Diligence redeems stupidity. 勤能补拙.

Blood is thicker than water. 血比水浓.

Counsel breaks not the head. 忠告不会打破头.

Clothes do not make the man. 人不在衣装.

Idleness makes the wit rust. 懒惰使脑筋生锈.

Love is stronger than death. 爱的力量大于死亡./ 爱情能战胜死神.

Love me little,love me long. 爱情应细水长流.

Ones sin will find one out. 坏事终归要败露。

One love drives out another. 新的爱情来,旧的爱情去.

Prettiness makes no pottage. 漂亮不能当饭吃.

Pen and ink is wits plough. 笔墨是才智之犁.

Its never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。

Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的./ 伟业非一日之功.

In the end things will mend. 船到桥头自然直.

Envy never enriched any man. 嫉妒从未使人得益。

Familiarity breeds contempt. 亲密生侮心。

Friends are thieves of time. 朋友是时间的浪费者. / 浪费朋友的时间,就是谋财害命.

Four eyes see more than two. 两人总比一人看得周到.

Good clothes open all doors. 门不挡衣着华丽的人。

Good advice is beyond price. 忠告是无价之宝.

Youth is the season of hope. 青春是希望的季节.

All rivers run into the sea. 条条江河归大海.

"They say so" is half a lie. 传闻多失实.

A curst cow has short horns. 性子烈的牛角短，脾气暴的人为害有限。

A miss is as good as a mile. 差之毫厘,失之千里.

All is fair in love and war. 情场战场，不择手段。

A stitch in time saves nine. 不洞不补,大洞尺五. /及时处理,事半功倍.

Time is the father of truth. 时间是真理之父.

There is no end to learning. 学无止境.

There is no satiety in study. 学而不厌.

Time is the greatest teacher. 时间就是良师.

Time is speed for scientists. 对科学家来说,时间就是速度.

Variety is the spice of life. 变化是生活的调味品.

We are all slaves of opinoin. 我们都是意见的奴隶。

More than enough is too much. 超过所需就是太多.

The shortest answer is doing. 最简短的回答是干.

Nothing venture,nothing have. 不担风险就无收获.

No living man all things can. 世上没有万能的人.

The insolent have no friends. 目空一切的人无朋友.

A wonder lasts but nine days. 奇闻只存在九天。

A word is enough to the wise. 智者不用多告诫.

A little labour, much health. 适量的劳动有益于健康。

A lean dog shames his master. 狗瘦主人羞。

A hungry man is an angry man. 饿汉易怒。

A green wound is soon healed. 新伤口愈合快。

Whats done cannot be undone. 木已成舟，覆水难收。

What man has done,man can do. 前人能办的事,后人也能做.

Wishes never can fill a sack. 愿望装不满口袋。

He goes far that never turns. 不回头的人走得远.

He that talks much errs much. 语多必失。

He that talks much lies much. 言多必妄。

Before friends all is common. 朋友之间应不分彼此.

Far fowls have fair feathers. 远方的鸟羽毛美。/弄不到手的东西是最好的。

Eyes are as eloquent as lips. 眼睛会和嘴一样说话.

Easy and success are fellows. 从容与成功是伙伴。

Many a little makes a mickle. 积少成多;集腋成裘.

Love and cough cannot be hid. 爱情象咳嗽,压也压不住.

Life is compared to a voyage. 人生好比是一次航程.

Life is real,life is earnest. 人生真实,人生诚挚.

Marriage makes or mars a man. 婚姻可使人成功,也可使人失败.

Money is round.It rolls away. 圆圆钱币,滚走容易.

Hope is life and life is hope 希望就是生活,生活也就是希望.

Comfort is better than pride. 华美不如舒适.

Custom makes all things easy. 凡事成习惯就容易做。/ 熟能生巧。

Diet cures more than doctors. 自己饮食有节，胜过上门求医。

Deliberating is not delaying. 深思熟虑不误事.

Dexterity comes by experience. 换取经验要付出代价.

Doubt is the key of knowledge. 怀疑是知识的钥匙.

Dare and diligence bring luck. 大胆又勤奋,定能交好运.

Blow first and sip afterwards. 喝茶防烫，吃饭防噎。

Human pride is human weakness. 人类的骄傲即是人类的弱点。

Lazy folk take the most pains. 懒人躲懒最费力.

Light not a candle to the sun. 不要对着太阳点蜡烛。/日既出矣，爝火可熄。

Love is the lodestone of life. 爱情是生活的磁石.

It is never too late to learn. 学习从不嫌晚.

Justifying a fault doubles it. 护短是加倍的错误。

Kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鸟. /一箭双雕. / 一举两得.

Pride hurts, modesty benefits. 满招损，谦受益。

One is never too old to learn. 人有老的时候,没有老得不能学的时候.

One cannot put back the clock. 时光不能倒流.

Early start makes easy stages. 早动身,易从容,早开始,早成功.

Every bird likes its own nest. 鸟均爱其巢;人皆爱其家.

Fair words fill not the belly. 甜言蜜语填不饱肚子。

Fine feathers make fine birds. 好的衣装只能打扮出个好外表。

Fine words butter no parsnips. 花言巧语没有用.

First deserve and then desire. 先做到受之无愧，而后再邀功请赏。

For a lost thing care nothing. 物已丢失，勿再烦恼。

Force can never destroy right. 武力决不能摧毁正义。

Glory is the shadow of virtue. 荣誉是美德的影子.

At court,everyone for himself. 在法庭上人人都要为自己。

As man sows, so he shall reap. 善有善报，恶有恶报。

Good ware makes quick markets. 货好销得快。

He is rich that has few wants. 寡欲者富。

He lives long that lives well. 活得好等于活得久.

He that fears death lives not. 害怕死亡的人，活着也没有快乐。

Wisdom is only found in truth. 唯有在真理中才能找到智慧.

Who loseth liberth loseth all. 失掉自由使失掉一切.

All that glitters is not gold. 闪烁者不尽是金。

A great ship asks deep waters. 大船要在深 水行./ 深水浮大船.

A good tree is a good shelter. 枝叶茂盛的大树是躲避风雨的好去处. / 大树底下好乘凉.

A burnt child dreads the fire. 烧伤的孩子最怕火。

A clean hand wants no washing. 手要是干净无须洗。

A bad penny always comes back. 伪币迟早归原主。

A rolling eye, a roving heart. 眼活情不专.

A proud man hath many crosses. 骄傲者挫折多。

A shy cat makes a proud mouse. 猫儿胆小耗子闹。

All is not at hand that helps. 世间没有唾手可得之事.

The exception proves the rule. 例外证明法则的存在。

No man is a hero to his valet. 在最贴身的人眼中，谁也充不了伟人。

The used key is always bright. 常用的钥匙不长锈.

The sun shines upon all alike. 太阳照人，不分贵贱。

We are not born for ourselves. 人之有生,不为一已.

Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人.

True praise roots and spreads. 诚实的赞美深入人心.

Truth is the daughter of time. 真理是时间的女儿.

True friendship lasts forever. 真正的友谊恒久不变.

Shallow streams make most din. 溪浅声喧。

Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打;无往不胜.

Time and tide wait for no man. 时光如逝水,岁月不待人.

There is no joy without alloy. 世上没有十全十美的快乐。/ 金无足赤，乐无十全。

Theres no wisdom like silence. 保持沉默最聪明。

Think today and speak tomorrow. 熟思而后言.

Time is money for enterprisers. 对企业家来说,时间就是金钱.

Too many cooks spoil the broth. 厨师太多烧坏汤。

We soon believe what we desire. 心里想什么就会相信什么。

Speech is the image of actions. 语言是行动的图象。

Two wrongs do not make a right. 两个错误,加不出一个正确. /用错误改正不了错误.

假设你是李华，现就读于某寄宿制中学。你的室友王明经常违反寝室(dormitory)规定，如不整理床铺，休息时间大声拨打电话，未经许可(permission)动用他人物品，离开寝室不关灯等。为了提醒他改正不良习惯，做个文明室友，你决定写一封电子邮件给他。

要求：(1)包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯;

(2)字数：60-80词(信得开头和结尾已给出，不介入总词数);

(3)信中不得出现你的真实姓名，学校名和地名。

From：lihua2758 sina com

To: wangming63 sohu com

Subject: To be a great roommate

Dear Wang Ming,

Im writing to kindly remind you of the dormitory rules.

………

Best wishes,

LiHua

写一封电子邮件英语作文范文：

Dear Wang Ming,

Im writing to kindly remind you of the dormitory rules. As we live in the same room, we are like families thus we should love each other and respect each other. Whats more, we should make our room clean and tidy. Therefore, I hope you can read the following rules and obey them. Rule No.1 When you get up in the morning, remember to make the bed. Rule No.2 Dont make phone calls when we are sleeping. Rule No.3 Dont use others things without permission. Rule No.4 Turn off the lights before you leave the room. I hope all of us can obey these rules and make our room more and more comfortable.

Best wishes,

LiHua

1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.

2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.

3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.

4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow make an early start.

5.不眠之夜 whe night

6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses

7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best

8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.

9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul

10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new

11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all

12.大开眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener

13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace

14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little

15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.

16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more

17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.

18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.

19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.

20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones

21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect.

22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.

23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth

24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence

25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green

26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché

27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.

28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.

29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success

30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth

31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened

32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of ones dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.

34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.

35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

Blair is my classmate as well as my best friend. We have already known each

other for ten years. We live in the same block so that we always go to school

together. She has long hair, big eyes and sweet smile, which makes her popular

in my class. Blair works hard and she is a good student in the eyes of teachers.

Besides, she is clever and kindhearted. When others turn to her for help, she

always tries her best to help. I feel proud to have such a good friend.

话题作文是让我们围绕一个中心,从不同角度,不同立场去进行作文写作。下面是小编分享的话题作文写作指导，一起来看一下吧。

所谓“话题作文”，是指用一段提示语启发思考，激发想象，然后限定范围的一种命题形式。它不同于以前的半命题、命题及材料作文，是一种崭新的、具有很强生命力的作文样式。

话题作文一般有三部分组成：提示性文字材料、话题范围、注意事项或要求。

话题作文有自己独特的个性，其基本特征可以概括为“四不限(即不限文体、不限主旨、不限具体内容及不限题目)一强调(强调考查考生的创新能力和综合素质)”。

要写好话题作文，应做好以下几点：

1、善于化大为小

话题作文由于范围宽泛，给学生的把握带来了一定的困难，因此写作前首先应学会化大为小。如一个西瓜，洗净后只有切成小块才好下口。话题作文的写作也应如此。我们可以将话题化为几个契合话题的子话题，然后从这些子话题中选择一个易写好的来写。简单地说就是采用大题小作的写法，从具体一点切入，然后调动自己的积累，在这个问题上聚焦、展开和提炼，把这一点说足说深说透。这样才能在800字左右的篇幅内写出立意鲜明集中、内容具体充实的好文章。

如果不善于化大为小，就难免泛泛而谈。那种东说一句西扯一句，鸡零狗碎的“拼盘”，是难以得到阅卷老师“欢心”的。

2、善于以小见大

如果仅局限于“小”，文章就显得平淡无奇，没有深意。只有小中见大，才能发人深思，引人如胜。

所谓以小见大，即大处着眼，小处落笔。写小的事情，表现大的主题。这种手法，往往通过对具体、平凡的小事小物和有关细节材料的叙述描写，并加以适当抒情议论，以阐明大道理，揭示深刻的社会意义，以一滴水折射出太阳的光辉，于细微处体现伟大的精神。如《琐忆》等，都采用了这种写法。

1. I would appreciate the privilege of an interview. I may be reached at the address given above，or by telephone at 32333416.

2. I would be glad to have a personal interview，and can provide references if needed。

3. Thank you for your consideration。

4. I welcome the opportunity to meet with you to further discuss my qualifications and your needs. Thank you for your time and consideration。

5. I have enclosed a resume as well as a brief sample of my writing for your review. I look forward to meeting with you to discuss further how I could contribute to your organization。

6. Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to speaking with you。

7. The enclosed resume describes my qualifications for the position advertised. I would welcome the opportunity to personally discuss my qualifications with you at your convenience。

8. I would welcome the opportunity for a personal interview with you at your convenience。

9. I feel confident that given the opportunity，I can make an immediate contribution to Any Corporation. I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss your requirements. I will call your office on Friday，to schedule an appointment. Thank you for your consideration。

10. I look forward to speaking with you。

1。我会赞赏采访的特权。我在上面给出的地址可能达到,或者通过电话32333416。

2。我很高兴能有一个面试,如果需要,可以提供参考。

3。谢谢你的考虑。

4。我欢迎机会与您进一步讨论我的资格和您的需要。谢谢您的时间和考虑。

5。我随信附上了我的简历以及一个简短的示例编写为您的回顾。我期待着与你进一步讨论如何为您的组织。

6。感谢你关注这件事。我期待着与你说话。

7。附上的简历描述我的资格为广告位置。我会欢迎机会与您亲自谈论我的资格在您的便利。

8。我欢迎机会个人采访你在你方便的时候。

9。我有信心,有机会,我可以立即对任何公司的贡献。我很高兴能有机会与您会面,讨论您的需求。周五我将打电话给你的办公室,安排一个约会。谢谢你的考虑。

10。我期待着与你说话。

材料中的故事出自希腊的《伊索寓言》，故事告诉人们：聪明的人应当事先考虑清楚事情的结果，然后才去做。不过，作为题意材料作文的素材，这道作文题又是很具开放性的，考生对材料理解的每一个侧面、每一个角度都可以看作一个话题，都可以构思作文，因而能让每位考生都有话可说，有事可写，有情可抒，有理可议。如果从公山羊的角度写，可以总结教训，谈“三思而后行”，谈“主见与轻信”，甚至可以谈“凡事预则立，不预则废”;如果从狐狸的角度写，可以获得启示，谈“困境中求生存”，谈“急中生智”，谈“借的智慧”;如果结合狐狸与公山羊来写，可以运用对比手法，谈谈“聪明与糊涂”或“合作”问题，等等。

由于材料中提到“公山羊指责狐狸不信守诺言”的事，考生很可能大谈“诚信”问题，然后搬出2001年高考的优秀作文来，走进宿构的误区，陷入抄袭的泥淖，以致“下笔千言，离题万里”。

观点要辩证，坚守自我精神和信仰 改变自我知识和能力，二者都必须谈。否则谈其中一个方面就片面。

【作文素材】

（一）

抬头是星空，仰望是群星璀璨。各行星默默的坚守着自己的轨道，有条不紊的轮回。

抬头是碧落，仰望是云卷云舒。各浮云随风的追寻着自己的梦想， 轻逸自由的飘去。

高山巍峨，坚守一方沃土；清泉淙淙，舞动着一个灵动的魂魄。山川相缪，方显自然之美。

“走自己的路，让别人说去吧！”

“一个径直走路的人迟早会走到尽头！”

任尔云卷云舒，花开花落，高山只坚守“壁立于仞，无欲则刚”的箴言，守住自我；

无论秋风萧瑟，人生几何，流水总相信“穷则变，变则通”的警句，改变自我。

水活则灵，山活则碧，棋活则胜，人活则生。

生活并不是一个人工开凿的运河，不能把河水限制在一些规定好了的河道内。 泰戈尔

（二）

坚守自我是“凌寒独自开”的傲骨，是“任而东南西北风”的坚韧，是“清净傲妙，抱玄守一”的清净，是“一片冰心在玉壶”的高洁。坚守自我，就坚守了人性的崇高和爱的美好。

大江东去，淘不尽的是一个又一个执著坚守精神核心的灵魂。屈原“举世皆浊而我独清，世人皆醉而我独醒”，鲁迅在”奴隶”的时代傲然屹立；居里夫人的美丽被放射性物质吞噬，被誉为“唯一没被荣誉迷住双眼的人”；伽利略不畏强权，冒死解释“日心说”真理。

守住就是守住自己的精神核心，任花开花落，云卷云舒，我心依旧。

改变就是打开心灵的堤坝，适当地融入江海，为了更好地生存，也为了提升生命的高度。

坚守的志者，改变的智者

【佳作展台】

人生中的守与变

古人云：修身养性，然后治国平天下。修身、养性其实就是守住自我的同时改变自我的过程。那么守什么，又变什么呢？

守住自己的诚实，守住自己的梦想，守住自己的灵魂。改变自己的懒惰，改变自己的平庸，改变自己的人生。守，给自己一片心灵的净土，变，给自己一个提升的空间。

屈原汨罗江的一跃，守住了自己的公正廉明，不随波逐流，不同流合污的高贵品质；李白大唐宫殿门前的毅然转身，守住了“安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜“的豪气；朱自清对美国空投粮食的拒绝，守住了文人的一身正气。他们是中华的骄傲，是历史上的星光。他们的守，守住了灵魂，为中华民族千百年来民族精神的传承贡献了自己的力量。

一个“守”字，简单几笔，却留了人类最高贵、最独特的灵魂；一个“守”字，多少行动，才能真实的阐释他。守住自我，即使举世混浊，也能拥有一棵看守心灵月亮的树。

变，是好的，是需要勇气的。可怎样变，就决定怎样的人生。李斯变了，从一个本可留芳百世的兴国者变成一个与小人为伍的奸臣，这变，是可耻的。唐玄宗变了，从“开元之治”到“安史之乱”，从一个明君到一个只知享乐的昏君，这变，是可悲的。可是还有一些人，他们变了，让我眼前一亮。邰丽华改变自我对黑暗的盲从，从一个聋哑人到美丽舞者的蜕变，谱下了世间最美丽的心灵之舞；奥普拉温弗瑞改变了对黑人命运的盲从，凭借一个人可以清贫困顿，但决不可没有梦想的简单信念，写下了从丑小鸭到黑天鹅的美丽蜕变，成就了一代传媒女皇。改变自己，从平庸到出众，从平凡到不平凡，从胆怯到勇敢，从成功到失败，我们做得还很少，路还很长。

守，变，应是我们共同的追求。不死守，不乱变，改变我们性格上的缺憾，守住我们灵魂上纯洁，才能造就独一无二，光彩照人的自我，才能写下精彩绝伦，波澜壮阔的一生

为你而守，为你而变，我珍贵的人生。

江南赋

一提天堂，莫遗苏杭。一指江南，无比周庄乌镇。

中华的文化不能不说京城的恢宏磅礴，也绝不能不提江南的小桥流水。

林俊杰一曲《江南》将世人的心随他擅长的水笛之声来到那烟雨蒙蒙的地方。 这里是水最本性的归属。源源潺潺是筝演绎的水之灵；涌涌汨汨，世琴诠释的水之魂。

古往今来，多少英豪、杰雄出自江南这一脉水。

一支毫笔，一代繁华，一世浮沉，篇篇华章说人间，看世道，史书上处处是这脉水的痕迹。一柄长剑，几道寒光，几腔热血，个个故事伸正义，护安宁，若没有这脉水最后的冷却，又何来龙泉威慑天下。一方田，富庶的江南也是由水而成就的鱼米之乡。

直至今天，江南的水已久养育着旷世德才俊，依旧坚守着江南的牌坊。水墨乌周，白绢上依旧是烟雨蒙蒙。

正是因为这份坚守，江南便仍是那种说不尽，赏不够的地方，她亦如千年而微笑着，几倾人心。

但是，江南也不象她的女儿们总是小家碧玉，死守水之一头，大门不出，二门不迈。

古典却不能古板，江南一直做得很好，我们今天所见到的周庄、乌镇，是杭州大力保留原始的基础上带入了市场，谁都不可回避市场经济，江南亦不例外。 而江南的水却并不是因此要让那脉水变成一汪散发铜臭的死水，他所做的其实是留住人性的清宁审美，现代的都市人在繁重的残酷竞争中疲惫了身心，或是年轻的文人寻求创作的灵泉，又是老者追根思前的源头，人们纷至沓来，这就是他所谓的市场价值。

江南敞开了宅门，欢迎世人，融入市场，她保持着古典的繁华，然而无论他如何改变方式留存下来，那分魅力，原始的水的味道没有变化，知江南者心中有数，见江南者心中有动。

江南守住了自我又改变了自我，就像水墨变成水彩，但画的韵味一就是水的兴味。苏杭的市中心是灿烂的灯影，可烟雨依旧蒙蒙盖着，江南还是江南。 走在水迹驳驳的江南路上，人更能懂得这种守住上的改变，改变中的坚守。

一、写自己事情的作文类型

1.写自己遇到的一件事，表现社会的新风尚；

2.写自己个人的一件事，写出自己从中所受到的教育；

3.写自己的一件事，表达自己的一种感情，表明自己的一种愿望；

4.写自己遇到的一次挫折，说明自己从中所得到的一种启示；

5.写自己的一件事，说明自己已经长大懂事了；6.写自己的爱好和追求；

7.写自己的业余生活；

8.回忆自己童年生活的一件事，写出童年的可爱与美好。

二、写自己事情的参考题目

1.《这件事给了我教育》

2.《我学会了____》

3.《我做了一件傻事》

4.《我从中得到了快乐》

5.《我为此而自豪》

6.《我养成了一个好习惯》

7.《我尝到了动脑筋的甜头》

8.《老师夸奖了我》

9.《当我被误解的时候》

10.《我的爱好》

11.《我第一次______》

12.《学习中的一次教训》

13.《我心中的一个小秘密》

14.《我在假日里》

15.《我的星期天》

16.《玩得最开心的一次》

17.《我的心事》

18.《我的烦恼》

19.《想起这件事就____》

20.《我爱_______》

21.《童年趣事》

22.《我长大了》

23.《关怀》

24.《留在照片上的记忆》

25.《雨中情》

26.《______见闻》

五、写自己事情的参考段落

1.预备，跳！一声令下，我立即摆开双臂快速摇动绳子，双脚轮换踩着。才跳了一会儿，真怪，平时跳惯的绳子，今天显得特别重，跳步也慢了。我瞄了一下对面王港队的选手，她跳得多快，多轻松呀！猛然间，耳畔响起教练常说的跳绳要领：别慌，脚步要踩稳，速度要平均，作好呼吸。我照着要领跳着，跳着。时间一分一分地过去了，我大口大口地喘着气，额角的汗珠向下滑，手也慢慢不听使唤，渐渐地向下垂。我暗暗地责怪自己：真没用，才这么一会儿就挺不住了，这样怎能为校争光？时间不多了，一定要作最后的冲刺！我咬紧牙关，又一次地加快了速度，心中只有一个念头：跳得快些，跳得再快些到！突然一声令下，我停了下来，深深地吸了一口气，绳子也从手中滑了下去。这时我顾不得擦汗，忙转到裁判员身后，一瞧，啊，一分半钟我竟跳了340下！这是我有史以来最好的成绩呀！

（跳绳本来是应该全神贯注的事情，但小作者却写了好几处的心理活动。这些描写应该还是可信的。它放在文章中，能够使得内容丰富，把人物写活。划一划，哪些是描写人物心理活动的？）

2.轮到我跳了，我想，我也露一手给你们看看，让你们也知道我的厉害。也许太大意了，也许是太小心了，不知怎么的，我连第一局也没有跳下来就被罚了下来。过了一会儿，又轮到我了，这次我稳定了情绪，跳的时候稍微放松了一点儿。果然跳得顺利了，皮筋一个劲儿地上升，眼看就要超过孙丽了。我得意地看了孙丽一眼，谁想到就在这时，脚下误踩了皮筋，真倒霉！

（以第一人称为写作方式的作文，看起来描写心里的想法是很重要的。你看，这一段又有不少心理描写。）

3.第二天，我仍在校门口值日，左等右等不见陈老师来。我心里暗暗庆幸，也许陈老师早就进去了，用不着我再为难了。正当我关上校门时，一辆自行车飞驰而来。我定睛一看，正是陈老师。我有些慌乱，放还是拦？两个念头同时撞击着我的脑袋，我又犹豫了。我看见站在对面的严鹤正注视着我，好像在说：班主任老师来了，你敢拦车吗？但想到陈老师那爱蹙起的川字眉头，我又畏缩了。我头一低，看见了胸前的红领巾，想起了值日员的职责，便鼓起勇气，上前一步，叫了一声：陈老师早！接着便结结巴巴地说：陈老师，请您下车，推车进校门。我说得很轻，说完，又偷偷地看了他一眼。陈老师脸一红，点了下头，一句话也没说，下了车，推着车走进了校门。

（写作文一定要选择那些新鲜有趣的材料，很少有人写过的。这一段可以说是一个很好的例子。）

4.这天下午，一个难忘的时刻来到了！从主席台上传来了会议主持人的声音：请三年级一班周瑜上台发表竞选演说！我从座位上站了起来，心扑通扑通地跳着，走到台前，举起右手，行了个队礼。接着，大声地向大会发表竞选演说：我叫周瑜，原来是三年级一班的大队委员，我平时学习成绩优良，一、二年级时分别获得语文和数学的年级第一名发言快要结束的时候，我不禁停了停，心里想，那句话是说还是不说呢？我脑子里闪过一个念头：想什么就说什么吧！最后，我给大家念了一首我发表在《中国儿童报》的小诗《望天空》。下台时还说了一句：请大家投我一票！谢谢大家！

（选材的确很重要，有了较好的材料，才能写出较高质量的文章。你看，这一段写我的一件难忘的事，是不是与众不同呢？）

5.中午，大家正在玩，胡光突然叫了起来：俺岳元帅来了！大家都笑了起来。他悄悄告诉我：喂，我们想选你当演员。演谁？我问。我不告诉你，你看我做个动作，再猜一猜。说完，他两手放在腰间，一扭一扭地学着老太太过马路的样子。我一下明白了，他要我演岳老夫人呀！徐一鸣见了，忙对我说：啊，这下我们的胡光要叫你母亲大人了。演岳云的李宾要叫你奶奶了！说完，他调皮地在我面前跪了下来，说：拜见岳老夫人！引起大家哈哈大笑。我却难为情地低下了头。

（文章中的谁写得最成功？是胡光还是徐一鸣？读读他们的对话和行动就知道了。）

6.在沉思的时候，我们不知不觉地进入了大森林。老师的坟墓到了。上面是新土，还挺湿的。我们围着坟墓席地而坐，摆上老师爱吃的水果，唱起老师生前喜爱的歌：鸽子啊，在蓝天中飞翔一曲唱完，大家抱头痛哭。哭声是那么悲伤，连天上的小鸟，周围哗哗作响的树林，山中的小草，都静了下来。

（把老师喜爱的一首歌的歌词摘录在里面，是非常感人的。所以，在自己文章中，如果需要，适当地引用一些歌词呀，诗歌呀等等，能够增加你的文章的文采。）

7.我推开病房的弹簧门，他被惊动了。抬起头，他一眼便看见了我。只见他惊讶得嘴巴张得老大老大的，眼睛也瞪得滚圆滚圆的。我笑着走上前，说：怎么，不欢迎我吗？他半晌才醒悟过来，低着脑袋，用蚊子一样的低声说：啊，欢迎，欢迎，请坐！我在他床前坐下，笑着问了他的病情，告诉他学校里的一些新闻，让他告诉我病房里的一些新闻。我俩谈得还挺投机的。最后，我对他说：你开始很惊奇，我怎么会来看你，对吗？我来的目的，就是要破破你们不理女同学的规矩。为什么我们男女同学之间的界线要划得那么清？你们那个封建的思想呀，得好好改改了！他摸着脑袋瓜，不好意思地笑了。

（写男同学的羞涩非常传神，你看其中的描写：低着脑袋，用蚊子一样的声音等，让人读了以后就好像见到那位男同学一样。）

8.我看到这情景，马上对老奶奶说：老奶奶，您受骗了，其实他称的时候做了手脚，您这里不足两斤。老奶奶还没醒悟过来，那小贩可就急了，他看我是小孩子，以为可欺，就气势汹汹地对我说：你小孩子家懂什么？不要管闲事！我赶紧把我亲眼目睹的情形对老奶奶说了一遍，老奶奶半信半疑地走到那儿，让他再称称。小贩不肯称。我问他：你刚才称时，为什么用小指头先压秤盘呢？小贩一时不知怎么回答才好，他找了个可笑的理由，说他这把秤是从外地买来的，称东西时，一定要先压一下秤盘。我知道他在强词夺理，就叫他和老奶奶一起到公平秤上去称。到了公平秤那里，我亲自掌秤，那2斤草莓，在公平秤上只称出了1斤7两。老奶奶这时才知道自己上了当。这时市场管理处的同志也来了，叫小贩给老奶奶补上了三两草莓，还对小贩做了罚款处理。

（写事情的经过，写老奶奶的变化过程，都很清楚，一点也不乱。）

9.妈妈面带微笑，坐在我的对面讲我小时候的事，她说：小时候的你特别可爱，稀稀的微微带黄的头发，有趣得很。每当妈妈下班，总会先看到你的头露出大门，一双大眼睛盯着远处，寻找妈妈的身影，当我走近，你便会跑过来，我就一把搂住你，亲你光滑的小脸。有一次，你错把一位妇女当成是妈妈，又跑过去。可当你看清不是妈妈时，你的小脸泛红了，一溜烟跑回家去了。听了妈妈的讲述，我不好意思地把脸靠在了妈妈身上。

（妈妈讲述我小时候的事情，让我对妈妈生出无限的爱意。最后一句话写得很深情，也很含蓄。）

10.想到这里，我便踮着脚，小心翼翼地把奶粉罐头捧了下来，舀了几勺，放在了已经准备好的鞋子里，一本正经地拿了一把刷子，坐在一张小凳子上，放了一点水，便开始刷了起来，刷子和奶粉粘住了，刷起来很困难。我以为是水放得少了一点，于是我又放了满满一鞋子的水。正在准备刷的时候，妈妈回来了。看了我这个样子，她不解地问：你在干什么呀？我把前后的经过说了一下，妈妈笑得前俯后仰，把我弄得怪不好意思的。妈妈笑完后，对我说：你呀，你呀！真是个小傻瓜！奶粉怎么能当肥皂粉洗鞋子呢！听了妈妈的话，我难为情地低下了头。

（好笑好笑真好笑，奶粉洗鞋水中泡。童年的故事真是幼稚而又可笑。）

11.我一本正经地走到讲台前，拿出小卡片，带着他们朗读拼音，不一会儿，教室里响起了琅琅的读书声。听着悦耳的读书声，我真高兴啊！正当我暗暗得意的时候，情况却大有变化。自习课上我叫他们读书，他们硬是不听，来到教室以后，有的追追打打，有的大吵大闹。唉，怎么办呢？一抬头，我看到了教室里比一比，赛一赛的评比表，心里顿时豁然开朗。于是我拿起粉笔在黑板上写了一、二、三、四、五、六、七，代表七个小组，看看哪个小组纪律好，就在上面加一个五角星。我刚写完，咦？身后怎么一点声音也没有了？哦，原来是这些小家伙都想为小组争光呢！只见他们一个个拿出书本，坐得端端正正的，好像突然都变了一个人似的。看着这情景，我长长地吐了一口气。

（一个小小的招法，使班级的纪律安静了下来；一个小小的曲折，也使得这个小故事富有变化，增加了读者阅读的趣味。）

12.各就各位，预备，跑！我一听到口令，撒腿就跑。跑了不久，我就被抛在了最后。这时，我并不气馁。过了好一会儿，别的运动员可能是感到力气不够了，他们开始减速了，而我倒觉得浑身仿佛有无穷的力气。不知不觉，已经跑了七圈了，终点就在前面。我开始加速。我屏住了气，咬紧牙，直冲终点。在离终点还有几步路的时候，我和第二位同学肩擦着肩，几乎同时往终点冲。就在最后半步的时候，我猛地把身子往上一纵，腾空跃过了终点！哈，我得了第一名！

（最后一句话的几个词语用得很准确，比如，往上一纵、腾空跃入。）

13.我抓住菱桶的边缘，小心地侧着身子，看准一个大菱叶，伸手去抓，可是菱桶倾斜起来，吓得我倒在姐姐身上。姐姐看见我这狼狈样，不由得笑了起来。顿时，我脸涨得通红。姐姐鼓励我说：不要紧，再试试看。我暗暗为自己鼓劲，别怕，别怕！我小心翼翼地伸出了手，学着姐姐的样，抓起了菱叶，用力一折，几只红艳艳的水菱，落到了我的手里，我高兴极了，举起了菱，兴奋地说：瞧，姐姐，我也采到菱了！随手拿起一个，剥去壳，咬了一口，好清甜好爽口。

（由害怕到不害怕，由不会采摘到学会采摘，这个过程写得很具体完整。最后写菱的味道，实际上是在衬托我的喜悦之情。不过，采菱这种事还是由大人来干比较好，小孩子太危险了。）

14.看着眼前的这只生西瓜，我一下子泄了气。妈妈笑了笑说：没关系，再开一只。说着，她拿起第二只西瓜，丝的一声，瓜成了两半。哈，太好了！我高兴地喊道。看！那鲜红的爪瓤，黑黝黝的瓜子，还是薄皮的呢！妈妈绽开了笑脸，说：怎么样？这下满意了吧！接着，她把西瓜一块一块地切成了小船儿。我迫不及待地拿起一块最大的，尝了一口，哈，真是比蜜糖还甜！那鲜红的瓜瓤里不住地渗出汁水来，我一抹嘴角，说声味道好极了，又大口地吃了起来。

我正想拿起第二块的时候，忽然看到妈妈正在吃那只生的白瓤西瓜，我的脸唰地一下红了

（小作者运用比喻的能力很强，通过一块一块切成了‘小船儿’这句话可以看出来；而且，他也很懂事，这在哪里可以看出来？）

15.我情不自禁地蹲下了身子，轻轻地抚摸着小麻雀零乱的羽毛，我正想把它抱起来，这时候我听见了汪汪汪的狗叫声。我倒退几步，抬头一看，一条强壮的大黑狗正对着我狂叫，吐出血红的舌头，好像要马上扑上来咬我一口似的。我吓坏了，扔下小麻雀，赶紧跑开了。当我跑得远远的，再转过身来看时，那可恶的大黑狗已经把小麻雀咬在了嘴里！我真想冲上去，可我又不敢。我好像看到了小麻雀的那双眼睛，似乎正向我发出求救！我哇地大哭起来，心里难受极了！我眼睁睁地看着大黑狗吃掉了小麻雀。

（在生活里，像文章中这样让人悔恨的事情是很多的。只要我们培养自己丰富的感情，经常地了解和接触生活，我们写起文章来，就不会有没啥好写的感觉。特别是自己的事情，那是最最熟悉的。只要在写作前加以回忆，就一定会把许多真实的事情和许多真切的想法都写出来。）

三、写自己事情的参考开头

1.《老师夸奖我》的两种开头

第一种开头：张兵同学在这次全年级的体育比赛中，获得了跳高第一名的好成绩，在这里，我向他表示祝贺！在班级晨会上，周老师用喜悦的语调对我进行了表扬。我当时心里真是高兴得像喝了蜜糖一样。第二种开头：周老师从来也没有夸奖过我，只因为我平时的表现太差劲了。可这次，她却在全班大声地表扬了我，这真是让我高兴坏了！

2.《我第一次_____》的两种开头

第一种开头：还记得我第一次学溜冰的情景，一下子我竟摔了八个跟头！

第二种开头：双休日，表弟来约我溜冰。溜冰？我又好奇又害怕，但最后还是禁不住表弟的广告宣传，来到了设在第一百货公司五楼的奇妙溜冰场。

3.《我心中的一个小秘密》的两种开头

第一种开头：在我心中，有一个谁也不知道的小秘密，这就是我想在妈妈生日的那一天，为妈妈买一双皮手套。

第二种开头：妈妈是我们家最辛苦的人，只要看看她手上的老茧就知道了。每次看到妈妈的手，我就悄悄地想：妈妈，等我有了钱，我一定要为你买上一副皮手套。

4.《当我被误解的时候》的两种开头

第一种开头：我怎么也没有想到王红会这样看我，把我的一片好心全理解错了！事情是这样的：

第二种开头：早晨，我一到学校，王红就走上来，指着我的鼻子说：刘莹，我认识你了，以后再也不会睬你了！我当时莫名其妙，等到我明白过来，气得怎么也说不出话来了。

5.《童年趣事》的两种开头

第一种开头：我记得在我三年级那阵子，我特别馋，只要看见人家吃东西，嘴里就忍不住要淌口水。

第二种开头：在我的童年中，有许多难忘的事情，但最让我好笑的还是小时候我把奶粉当作洗衣粉的那件傻事。

6.《我养成了一个好习惯》的两种开头

第一种开头：原来我在早晨起床之后，是从来也不叠被子的。自从学校里开展了五自活动之后，我终于养成了早晨起床叠被子的好习惯。

第二种开头：星期六，我照老规矩，睡了一个懒觉，起床后，又照老规矩把被子一掀，就去刷牙洗脸了。

7.《雨中情》的两种开头

第一种开头：春雨，淅淅沥沥地下着，我因为没有带伞，就只好在雨中淋着。

第二种开头：看了看外面越下越大的春雨，我犹豫了一下，最后还是走进了雨中。

8.《_____见闻》的两种开头

第一种开头：来来来，芹菜五角钱一斤！便宜啦，便宜啦！毛豆一块！毛豆一块！新鲜啦，新鲜啦！刚上市的豌豆苗！又嫩又补，是绿色蔬菜啊！一踏进小菜场，满耳朵就是这些叫卖的声音。

第二种开头：双休日，妈妈对我说：走，跟妈妈去学买菜！也随便到小菜场看看。我一听就高兴地跟妈妈去了。

四、写自己事情的参考词句

勤奋学习/专心致志/死记硬背/熟能生巧/七嘴八舌/新鲜空气/透过窗户/目送/恨不得/把我乐坏了/融洽/若无其事/无处倾诉/阵阵笑声/凉透了/羞愧/吓唬吓唬/津津有味/倒吸一口冷气/得意起来/灰溜溜/园溜溜/眼花缭乱/目不暇接/奇异风景/潺潺的流水声/呼噜呼噜/碧玉似的明镜/一辈子

1.我一时呆住了，真有点丈二和尚摸不着头脑。

2.我疑团大解，真想不到一两个字也有这么大的学问呢。

3.我心里像喝了蜜汁一样甜。

4.陈老师一把把王俊拖出了门外，我吓得大气也不敢出。

5.我这时有点害怕，举手吧，我还不太会背，不举吧，老师批评我怎么办？

6.谢老师望着我，眼睛里闪烁着鼓励和期待的光。

7.悔恨的泪水模糊了我的双眼，老师严厉的指责我没有听见，同学们小声的议论我也没有听见。

8.望着显示器上的程序，我兴奋得从座位上跳了起来。

9.我连忙把手藏到背后，身子直往后缩。

10.我万万没有想到郭老师竟会有这样严厉的举动，只觉得是针对我来的，脸上阵阵发烧，大滴大滴的泪水涌出了眼眶。

11.回到家，趁妈妈不注意，我赶紧把皱和惹写在小纸条上，沾上点水，握在左右两只手里，藏在背后，大模大样地走进厨房，用肩扛了扛忙着做饭的妈妈。

12.我有点不知所措地抓了一块抹布，大把大把地擦了起来，由于用力过猛，墨汁溅得到处都是。

13.尽管大雨浇湿了我的衣服，冷得我直哆嗦，可我心里却热乎乎的。

14.但是我的脚却像灌了铅一样的提不起来，速度比以前慢了许多。

15.我的两只脚站也站不稳，身子轻飘飘的，像是一只漂在水里的大皮球。

六、写自己事情的参考题材

1.自己原先学习不太认真，后来因为受到了一件事情的教育，终于改变了认识，提高了学习的自觉性；

2.晚上做题目，遇到了一个难题，心里想算了吧，但一想到这是考验自己的意志，就咬紧牙关，继续做了下去；

3.自己的一个同桌是个学习比较差的学生，自己在期中考试前，放弃休息时间，帮助他补课，终于使他的考试成绩有了较大的提高；

4.妈妈因为工作的需要，她决心学习英语，我便开始当上了她的小老师；

5.我拒绝了一位同学让我帮助他作弊的要求，虽然我失去了一位所谓的朋友，但我捍卫了自己的尊严；

6.我改变了原先上课从来也不举手发言的习惯，因为我开始认识到一个人具有口头表达能力的重要；

（以上可以作为写自己个人事情的参考题材。）

7.我开始认识到爸妈工作的辛苦，开始珍惜他们给我的爱；

8.在妈妈生日的这一天，我特地去买了一件小礼物送给她，还给她写上一段深情的话语；

9.在爸妈结婚纪念这一天，我在广播电台里点了一首歌，祝愿他们幸福快乐，白头到老，爸妈非常激动；

10.有个同学在班级里伤害了我，但当我知道她的妈妈不在了的时候，我就从内心里深深地同情她，当然也原谅了她；

11.我最近从一本书里看到一些做人的道理，我联系自己的生活，觉得很有道理；

（以上可以作为写自己感情经历的作文题材。）

12.我喜欢溜冰，还喜欢看足球，有时晚上也要起来看；

13.我有收藏游览门券的习惯，我觉得这是一个很好的爱好，能够增长知识，不出家门，就能游览到祖国的大好河山；

14.我喜欢散步，一边走走，一边看看，既能看到景色，又能得到休息；

15.我喜欢逛街，每次跟妈妈去逛街，我总能得到不少的商品信息，也更加能够感到我们国家的大好形势；

16.我喜欢养小鸟，每次我养小鸟的时候，我的心情就特别高兴，我养的小鸟都好像认识我，能跟我对话似的。

（以上可以作为写自己业余生活的题材。）

一.开头段常用提出现象句型

1. Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.

如今，在日常生活中，越来越多…被广泛…

2. In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…

近年来，…受到越来越多…的欢迎

3. Recent years have been a boom in…

近年来，出现了迅速增长。

4. Nowadays, there are many…

如今，出现了许多…

5. Nowadays,…has become a very common matter in…

如今，…已经成为在…的常见现象。

6. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…

如今，在…方面出现了上升趋势。

7. Recently…has aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.

最近，…引起了广泛关注/受到了人们的关注。

8. Most of us may have such experience that…

我们当中许多人可能都有…这种经历。

二. 开头段常用引出他人观点的句型

9. In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…

针对…现象，有人说…

10.When asked about…most people say…

当被问到…，大多数人认为…

11. When it comes to…, some people think…

关于…,有人认为…

12. Now, it is widely believed that…

现在，许多人认为…

三.开头/中间段常用引出两种不同观点的句型

13. There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…

如今社会上出现了关于…的争论。有些人认为…另一些人则声称…

14. When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.

当谈及…时，有相当一部分人认为…然而，另一些人则有不同的想法。

15. People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…

当谈及…时，人们观点不一。有人坚持认为…另有人认为…

四.开头段常用引出故事/事件句型

16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…

…点在…,当我正…的时候，我看见…

17. It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…

五.中间段常用引出优缺点/不足/影响句型

18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.

…有许多有点/好处。

19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.

正如许多事物一样，…也是既有优点又有不足的。

20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…

…会为…造成不好的影响。

21. …may give rise to/result in a number of problems.

…会导致一系列的问题。

六.中间段/结尾段常用引出原因句型

22. Why…? Three factors can explain this. First… Second…Third…

为什么…?有三个因素可以解释。首先，…其次…，第三…

23. As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…

就导致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…

七.中间/结尾段常用引出解决方法句型

24. How to…? The key words are as follows. To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …

如何…?关键措施如下。首先…其次…最后…

25. Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虚拟语气)

如果我们掌握了以下处理…的方法，如此的…可能不会…第一个方法是…第二个方法是…第三个方法是…

八.结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点的句型

26. As far as I am concerned, I agree with…

就我个人而言，我支持…

27. As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.

对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。

28. For my part, I am on the side of…

对我来所，我站在…那边。

29. As I see it, …

就我看来，…

30. From my perspective, I…

就我而言，我…

九.图表作文开头段常用引出总体趋势的句型

31. As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…

从图表可见，自…以来，…出现了极大的增长。

32. It can be seen/concludedfrom the chart that…dropped/declined/fell/reduced slightly to…

依图可见/判断，…小幅下降到了…

不少同学拿到作文题，常常大脑中一片空白，什么也想不起来。这是没有打开作文思路所致。其实，只要我们讲究方法，审题立意关也就自然容易攻克，写作材料也就会纷至沓来，如此，又怎么会写不好作文呢?下面是小编整理的高考作文的写作思路，欢迎阅读。

一、置换法

1.如果所给的作文题目、话题或材料是借喻性质的，那么这时就可使用本体去置换喻体。如山东高考作文题：

请以“春来草自青”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

要求：①自拟题目。②自定立意。③除诗歌外，文体不限。④文体特征鲜明。

命题人给了我们比喻的喻体，本体呢，思考可知道“春”的本体可以是信心，可以是毅力，可以是机遇，也可以是改革，是友谊，是爱心，是互助，是合作，是诚信，等等。“草自青”的本体可以是欣欣向荣的局面，可以是辉煌的成功，也可以是双赢的结果，等等。我们展开联想，用一个又一个的本体去置换喻体，写什么的问题也就立马解决了。

2.如果所给的作文题目或话题中的相关词语具有多义性，那么这时可用具有单一语义的词语置换具有多义的词语。例如重庆高考作文题：

《现代汉语词典》对“自然”的释义有：①自然界。②自由发展;不经人力干预。③不勉强;不局促;不呆板。……

请以“在自然中生活”为题目，写一篇文章。

要求：①立意自定;②除诗歌外，文体不限;③不少于800字;④不要套作，不得抄袭。

以“在自然中生活”为题目，“自然”怎么理解?这是立意的关键。命题人想我们之所想，给了我们三个义项进行诠释。我们只要用其中的一个义项去置换“自然”，那么也就容易迅速立意，打开思路。如果“自然”是指自然界，那么“在自然中生活”，也就是在自然界中生活，这样我们可以谈环保等。如果“自然”是指自由发展，不经人力干预，那么“在自然中生活”，也就是在自由发展中生活，这样我们可以谈教育中的张扬、发展个性等。如果“自然”是指不勉强，不局促，不呆板，那么该如何理解呢?我们可以通过造句的方式来看一看：态度很自然;他是初次演出，但演得挺自然。这么说来，“在自然中生活”，也就是大大方方，也就是凡事能够深入进去融入其中。明白了这些，我们谈什么，也就一目了然了。

3.如果所给的作文题中含有代词，那么这时可用代词所代的事物去置换作文题中的代词。例如上海高考作文题：

平常大家关注更多的也许是“我们”，如果把视线转向“他们”，你会看到什么，又会想到什么?请以“他们”为题，写一篇文章。

要求：(1)不少于800字。(2)不要写成诗歌。(3)不得透露个人相关信息。

世界就是由“我们”与“他们”组成的，心中如果只有“我们”，自然世界是不完整的。遗憾的是，现在只关注自己的人太多了，无论何时何地，都是以自我为中心，哪里还有他人?这样的世界，又怎么会是一个和谐的世界。我们把视线转向“他们”，会看到什么?会看到贫穷，会看到富贵，会看到不公，会看到进步，会看到文明，等等。会想到什么?会想到共同富裕，会想到平等，会想到感恩，会想到正义等。“他们”是谁?可以是农民工，可以是干部子弟，可以是下岗工人，可以是一掷千金的大款，可以是沿街乞讨的老人，等等。这么一置换，自然也就打开了思路。

二、补充法

所谓补充法，是指通过给标题或话题补出相关的句子成分来打开思路的方法。例如安徽高考作文题：

请以“带着感动出发”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

要求：①立意自定。②文体自选。③不得抄袭，不得套作。④不得透露个人相关信息。⑤书写规范，正确使用标点符号。

打开思路，写好“带着感动出发”，需要思考三个问题。一是谁带着感动出发。也就是补出标题的主语，可以是你(你们)，可以是我(我们)，可以是他(他们)。二是什么样的感动，或者说是为什么感动。联系实际，汶川大地震中，老师舍生救学生，我们为之感动;救援人员不怕疲劳，日夜奋战，我们为之感动;群众排队捐款、献血，我们为之感动。具体到个人，温总理第一时间在第一线指挥，我们感动;民警蒋小娟为灾民的孩子喂奶，我们感动。让人感动的原因很多，让人感动的事例很多。三是带着感动出发的结果。带着感动出发，其结果将产生更多的感动，从而使更多的人带着感动出发!

再如广东高考作文题：

请以“不要轻易说‘不’”为题写一篇文章。

要求：①除诗歌之外，文体不限;②不少于800字。

可以通过给标题补充状语的方法来打开思路。不要轻易说“不”，不是不能说“不”，而是不要轻易说。很多时候我们可以策略一些，这并不是要接受、认可，轻易说“不”的结果，往往使我们受到不必要的伤害。比如面对同事、同学、朋友、家人的正当请求，不假思索脱口而出的“不”，往往伤害了他们的自尊心，拉大了与他们的距离，使双方变得越来越疏远。不要轻易说“不”，是智慧的表现，是道德的要求。明白了这些，我们的立意、选材也就有了取舍的空间，写出与众不同的好文章，也就成了一件容易的事。

再如浙江高考作文题：

阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

都市和乡村，是我们栖居的空间;都市生活和乡村生活，是我们平凡的生活。当我们从平凡中回望时，每个人都会有不同的感触和期待。

请以“触摸都市”或“感受乡村”为题，写一篇作文，可讲述你自己或身边的故事，抒发你的真情实感，也可阐明你的思想观点。

【注意】①立意自定，角度自选。②除诗歌外，文体不限。③不少于800字。④不得抄袭。

无论是“触摸都市”中的“触摸”，还是“感受乡村”中的“感受”，都是用心去触摸，用心去感受。即给“触摸”、“感受”补充状语。也就是说，我们所写的，应该是都市或乡村中能够在我们心灵的湖泊上激起波澜最起码是涟漪的人、事、物或观点。这样，我们所写才可能充满与众不同的个性，而不是些人云亦云的内容。具有鲜明的个性，能够给人以陌生的新意，自然会让阅卷老师喜欢!

三、扩展法

例如湖南高考作文题：

阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。

“天街小雨润如酥，草色遥看近却无”是唐代诗人韩愈的名句。诗句的意思是说，在滋润如酥的初春细雨中，春草发芽，远远望去，一片淡淡的绿色，可是走近后，却只见到极为稀疏的草芽，绿色反而感觉不到了。诗句的意境是美的，隐含的哲理也很丰富。它使我们领悟到：置身太近，有时反而感受不到实际存在的东西;要把握某一事物，有时需要跳出这一事物;人对事物的看法与对美的感受同距离是有关系的……其实，生活中的许多事物和现象都含有这两句诗的意境与哲理，关键在于你的观察和体会。

请根据自己阅读诗句所体会到的意境与哲理，联系现实生活，写一篇不少于800字的议论文或记叙文。

【注意】①立意自定，题目自拟。②不要照抄或扩写材料。③所写文章符合文体要求。

如何立意?命题人已经给了我们三个角度，我们可以与现实生活相联系，看哪一个认识深刻，哪一个手头有材料，我们就用哪一个。除此之外，还可以谈从全局把握问题，才能看得清，看得准;还可以谈在思想上先做一个冷静的旁观者，才能搞清事实真相，从而做一个能够正确解决问题的参与者，等等。

再如福建高考作文题：

阅读下面的文字，按要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

三个人走进商店。一个人买了一瓶果汁，说：“我喜欢甜的。”一个人买了一杯咖啡，说：“我就喜欢这又苦又甜的滋味。”还有一个人买了一瓶矿泉水后说：“我喜欢淡淡的矿泉水。”

四、变换角度法

一些材料作文，往往需要从不同角度对所给材料进行审视，以发现能够打开我们思路的角度。例如全国Ⅱ卷：

南太平洋的小岛上，有很多绿海龟孵化小龟的沙穴。一天黄昏，一只幼龟探头探脑地爬出来。一只老鹰直冲下来要叼走它。一位好心的游客发现了，连忙跑过去赶走老鹰，护着小龟爬进大海。可是，意想不到的事情发生了，沙穴里成群的幼龟鱼贯而出——原来，先出来的那只幼龟是个“侦查兵”，一旦遇到危险，它便缩回去，现在它安全到达大海，错误的信息使幼龟们争先恐后地爬到毫无遮挡的海滩。好心的游客走了，原先那只在等待时机的老鹰又飞了回来，其它老鹰也跟过来了。

要求：选择一个角度构思作文，自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题;不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

看了这则材料，谁也知道游客是好心办坏事。为什么会这样呢?是因为无知。如果知道幼龟是“侦察兵”的话，自然也就不会帮倒忙了。现实生活中这样的事例也不少。文革时期的围湖造田、毁林造田，都是典型。拿现在来说，许多家长不懂教育规律，只抱着为孩子未来着想的美好心愿，对孩子实行棍棒教育，严重违反了《未成年人保护法》，使孩子的身心受到极大伤害。许多地方领导，不懂市场不懂企业，只抱着船大才能抗风浪的观点，盲目要求企业一再扩张，结果使很多企业破产倒闭。

从成群的幼龟这个角度来说，它们没有对得到的信息进行思考，只是绝对相信，才造成了被老鹰叼走的悲剧。这提示我们，要善于动脑思考，综合考虑各种渠道得来的信息，这样才能得出正确结论。如果不是这样，而是听见风就是风，听见雨就是雨，又怎么不会吃亏上当呢?

从老鹰这个角度来说，为了达到目的，即使遇到了挫折，也不放弃，而是在耐心等待时机。如果被游客赶走就不再前来，那么自然也就不能够捕捉到幼龟了。它们不仅在游客走后又来了，而且还耐心等待，结果抓捕幼龟的机会就来了。这对于我们人类来说，不也是一种启示吗?

再如北京高考作文题：

课堂上，老师说：“今天我们来做个小实验。”随后，他拿出一个装满石块的玻璃广口瓶，放在讲台上，问道：“瓶子满了吗?”所有学生答：“满了!”“真的?”老师从桌下拿出一小桶沙子，慢慢倒进去，填满石块的间隙，“满子吗?”学生们若有所思。老师又拿来一壶水倒了进去，直到水面与瓶口持平。“这个实验说明了什么?”老师问道。课堂活跃起来。

一个学生说：“很多事情看起来到达了极限，实际上还存在很大空间。”

一个学生说：“顺序很重要。先放这桶沙子，有此石块肯定就放不进去了。”

一个学生说：“对，得先放石块。有些分量重的东西就得优先安排。”

一个学生说：“也不一定，先沙子和水就一定不行么?”

……

请就以上材料，展开联想，自定角度，写一篇文章。题目自拟，文体自选(除诗歌外)，不少于800字。

自定角度，其实前三个学生所说的就都是很好的立意角度。我们如果对其中的一个有深刻的认识，而且手头还有材料，就不妨直接用一用。

这则材料还说明思维方式很重要，有了独辟蹊径的思维方式，往往看似不能解决的问题也就迎刃而解了;还说明办法总比困难多，只要我们想办法，困难总是能够解决的。这两个立意角度也不错。

再如湖北高考作文题：

阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

你走过一棵树，树枝低垂，你是随手把树枝折断丢弃，还是弯身而过?一只长了癣的流浪狗走近你，你是怜悯地避开，还是一脚踢过去?电梯门打开，你是谦抑地让人，还是霸道地推人?一个盲人和你并肩路口，绿灯亮了，你会搀那盲者一把吗?你与别人如何擦肩而过?你怎么从小贩手中接过找来的零钱?你如何低头系上自己松了的鞋带?你，独处时如何与自己相处?

请根据对这段文字的理解，展开联想，思考如何对待自然，如何对待他人，如何对待自己。自选角度，以《举手投足之间》为题写一篇文章。

要求：自定立意，自定文体，不少于800字。

以《举手投足之间》为题，写什么?材料中的八个例子，都小得有些微不足道。可正是这些微不足道，透露了我们思想深处的秘密，这就是我们的修养、道德、文明程度。这么说来，举手投足之间，我们又怎么能不重视?从小处入手，从细节入手，一步一个脚印走下去，我们才能成为一个有修养有道德的现代高素质的文明人。你说是不是呢?

八个例子，前两个是让我们思考如何对待自然，中间四个是让我们思考如何对待他人，最后两个是让我们思考如何对待自己。三种类型，三个思考角度，从哪一个角度切入，展现在我们面前的都是一片海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞的广阔天地。我们去联想，去思考，写出一篇好文章来也就是水到渠成的事情了。

五、关键词句把握法

对材料作文来说，有时抓住了概括性极强的词语或句子，也就能够把握命题人的意图，从而顺利确定作文立意。如全国卷Ⅰ：

阅读下面的文字，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

2008年5月12日14时28分，四川省汶川县发生里氏8.0级特大地震。

人民的生命高于一切!

胡锦涛、温家宝等党政军领导人迅速赶赴灾区指导抗震救灾。

十多万解放军、武警和公安民警，各省市的救援队、医疗队、工程抢修队迅速进入灾区。港台救援队和国际救援队飞抵灾区。志愿者从四面八方汇聚灾区。救援物资从水陆空源源不断运进灾区。

一位中学教师趴在讲台上用生命保护了下面的四个学生。一位失去15个亲人的县民政局长连续指挥救灾五天只睡了七个小时。幸存者的生还奇迹在不断突破，100小时、150小时、196小时……

中央电视台24小时播报。19日14时28分举国哀悼。

一样的爱心，不一样的表达。捐款、献血、义演、关注……

要求：选择一个角度构思作文，自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题;不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

所给的材料说的是什么呢?有两个句子值得我们注意，一是“人民的生命高于一切”，一是“一样的爱心，不一样的表达。捐款、献血、义演、关注……”。我们想一想，围绕这两条，发生了多少可歌可泣的故事啊!解放军救援的故事，国际救援队救援的故事，教师用生命保护学生的故事，还有我们捐款、献血的故事等，都值得我们去写。这些故事，都可以写得生动感人，让人激动的落泪。如果写成议论文，应该注意选择那些典型感人的事例，在叙述的时候要饱蘸浓烈的感情，争取在以理服人的同时，以情感人。

六、换位法

如江西高考作文题：

阅读下面的文字与漫画，按要求作文。

2007年，洞庭湖大水导致20亿只田鼠大迁徙，所过之处农田一片狼藉。专家认为，田鼠为害之烈，原因之一是人类热衷于吃野味，导致田鼠的天敌(蛇、猫头鹰、黄鼠狼等)数量急剧下降。

根据上述材料，请你为田鼠或田鼠的天敌代拟一封给人类的信。

要求：①必须按书信格式作文。②题目自拟。③所有内容必须与给定的材料相关。④不少于800字。⑤不得抄袭、套作。

代拟书信，自然需要换位思考。只有换位思考，才能写得贴切，写得逼真。以田鼠的口吻给人类写一封信。写什么呢?写感谢，感谢人类吃掉了自己的天敌，使自己得以迅速繁衍。要注意，写得越是情真意切，对人类的讽刺意味才愈大愈强。可用正反对比手法来写。写人类没有吃自己的天敌时自己的悲惨处境，写自己的天敌被人类吃光时自己的欢欣鼓舞。不妨用勾勒法，写得形象写得有趣。

以田鼠的天敌的口吻给人类写一封信。写什么呢?写人类的不理智。因为自己被吃掉，才有了今天这种田鼠泛滥横行的局面。还可以推断，总有一天，田鼠会代人将所有田里的粮食全部吃光，那个时候，人类悔悟也已经晚了。最后要劝人类深刻反省，认识到保护田鼠的天敌，就是保护自己。

平常写信，都是写给亲戚朋友，也就是现实生活中的人，现在却是以田鼠或田鼠的天敌的口吻来写，我们想，一定能够写得别开生面，让人喜欢!

最后需要指出的是，我们分着介绍这六种打开作文思路的方法，是为了行文的方便。实际应用时，往往是两种或多种方法综合运用。只有如此，我们的思维才会处于活跃状态，从而顺利通过审题立意关，将作文写好!

1. 不用说……

It goes without saying that …

= (It is) needless to say (that) ….

= It is obvious that ….

例：It goes without saying that it pays off to keep early hours.

不用说早睡早起是值得的。

2. 在各种……之中，……

Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, …

例︰Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.

在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

3. 就我的看法……;我认为……

In my opinion, …

= To my mind, ….

= As far as I am concerned, …

= I am of the opinion that ….

例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.

在我看来，玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

4. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …

随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …

例：With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.

随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。

5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do/that …

…… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that …

…… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …

……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …

例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.

=It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.

我们应当保持公共场所清洁。

6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …

例：We shouldn’t spend too much time on something we aren’t interested in.

我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。

7. how 引导的感叹句

例：At least it will prove how honest you are.

那至少可以证明你很诚实。

8. 状语从句

⑴ 如果你不…，你就会… If you don’t ..., you’ll ...

例︰If you don’t keep working hard, you’ll lose the chance.

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

⑵ 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

⑶ 每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.

例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.

= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.

每当我想到我家附近那一.��清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。

9. 宾语从句

我认为，…… / 我认为……不...... I think / I don’t think that …

我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …

例：He doesn’t think I should stop him joining the club.

他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。

10. Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式.

例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。

植物描写要注意动静结合，写出它的姿态变化的美。小编收集了植物的写作指导，欢迎阅读。

我们的身边到处都有花草树木，哪一棵植物给你留下深刻印象?可以描述它某个时候的样子，也可以描述它成长各阶段的样子，注意抓住它的习性特点，写出你的喜爱之情。

写作要求：可以描述它某个时候的样子，也可以描述它成长各阶段的样子，注意抓住它的习性特点，写出你的喜爱之情。

文章结构：

第一段;提起这个植物，并点明主题。

第二段：它的来历及位置，和动物状物作文一样，不可写的太详细，也不可以太简略，目的是要表达感情，突出主题。

第三段以后：这个植物的外貌描写。它的各生长阶段的特点或一个时期的状态特点，从叶、花、果、干或者根等方面着手。写清楚它有关部位的形状、颜色、手感、气味等方面特点，

按照一定的观察顺序写作：由整体到局部、由上到下、由先到后。

下一段以后，写故事。结合这个植物的样貌特点写故事，这些故事无论发生在什么人身上，必须直接与这个植物相关，并且能突出主题。

最后进一步按照主题突出抒发你的情感，在主题性情感抒发之中结尾。

植物描写要注意动静结合，写出它的姿态变化的美。

在外语四项技能中，写作对学生的要求是最高的，它要求学生具有以外语思维方式谴词造句，熟练掌握拼写、标点等写作的基本知识的能力。小编收集了提高英语写作水平的方法，欢迎阅读。

英语教学的目的在于发展学生的英语语言技能，培养学生良好的英语交际能力。《英语新课程标准》中语言技能包括听、说、读、写四项基本技能及这四种技能的综合运用能力，四者之间密切联系，相互渗透，互为基础。听、读是领会和理解别人表达的意思;说和写是用言语表达思想。写的能力要在听、说、读的基础上进行培养和提高，而写的训练又能进一步提高听、说、读的能力。

在外语四项技能中，写作对学生的要求是最高的，它要求学生具有以外语思维方式谴词造句，熟练掌握拼写、标点等写作的基本知识的能力。还需要学生有创造性、有合乎逻辑的表达思想的能力。目前的小学英语教学中，极其重视“听、说、读”的能力训练， “写”的教学基本一直停留在“抄写”阶段，没有开始真正意义上的写作教学。

一.写作准备阶段

(一)消除恐惧心理

自英语普及后，根据社会要求，杜绝“哑巴英语”，大多数的学校都从一年级就开设英语课程，到了四年级，学生的口头表达能力都很好，笔头方面就相对弱了。进行英语写作，他们就会觉得不自信，觉得自己水平达不到，能力也够不上。针对这点，就得需要教师在教学中，根据学生的实际能力安排教学。学生是教学的主体，要想教学有效果，就必须发挥学生的主动性。学生怕写作，一方面是觉得自己的所积累的词汇量和句子不够多，教师在教学中注重适量的拓展和培养积累单词，词组的好习惯，对句子进行举一反三的说。另一方面学生怕在写作中犯错，怕会因为一些小错误就受到老师的批评，就这方面，教师在指导时应多给予鼓励，只有让他们认识到了错误，改正了，才会减少错误，在鼓励中增强学生的自信心，从而消除他们对写作的恐惧感。

(二)创设写作环境

环境是非常重要的因素，人的成长需要好的环境，写作当然也要求有个好的环境。况且，写作是个复杂的思维过程，环境在此更显其重要性。在教学中，教师可以精心为学生创设一个积极、合作和富有鼓励性的环境，使他们乐于写作，充分发挥自己的思维能力。比如，在中年级的英语教学中可以安排学生对练习册上的短小语段摘抄下来，读读背背，培养语感;在高年级的英语教学中，可以安排写英语日记，一组的学生的共用一本日记本，每天由一位同学带回家写英语日记，内容及多少都不限制。老师每次都得对日记进行认真批改和给予鼓励性的评价。学生可以传阅，在其中他们能分享成功的喜悦，也扩大阅读量。

(三)传授基本知识

写作就像盖房子一样，有了材料，要把这材料以一定的形式堆放在一起才能形成房屋，这都需要老师的指导。英语写作技能的难度较大，学生也不能很快接受，提高英语写作质量也不容易，教师在进行英语写作教学时，要特别注意教学目标与学生特点，采用适当的教学方法，传授基本的写作知识。

1.科学指导学生对单词的识记，提高单词拼写的正确率，减少不必要的拼写错误。教师可以引导学生在阅读过程中和其他课内外学习中养成记单词的好习惯，同时也要鼓励学生注重词组及常用句型的积累，同时也要给与适合的场合让他们输出。

2.语法是英语学习中非常烦琐，枯燥的一项，小学生很难接受，但在教学中适当得进行句法结构操练还是必要的。让学生自然地接受语言结构，以便他们在写作时能正确地表情达意。

3.汉英表达存在着差异，如Ilikeit,too.中文的正确表达是：我也喜欢它。不会说成：我喜欢他，也。这就是中文和英文在词序上的不同，也是一种习惯表达的不同。没有特定的规律，这就需要学生多阅读，培养好的语感。

4.标点符号虽是小问题但不可忽视，教师应对此进行讲解，把两种语言中的标点符号的用法不同进行比较，阐明正确使用标点符号对正确表达思想十分重要。如，在表示一个人说话，汉语中用冒号和双引号，在英语中是没有冒号的，要表示一个人说话，得用逗号和双引号。

二.写作训练阶段

写作包括能用所学词汇、语法和句型造简单的句子、回答问题、改写课文、看图写话、依照学过的题材写小短文。这些需要循序渐进，要从最简单的语言和言语练习开始，从基本要求做起，由易到难，逐步提高要求，每一步都要有具体要求，切实可行。

(一)句的训练

词连成句，造句是英语写作教学的主要练习形式之一。可以先由教师提供词素，让学生学会连句，熟悉句子结构，为以后造句打下基础。教师也可以在教授一种句型结构时让学生改句子。而后，让学生自己造句，教师常常可以为学生造句提供一个结合实际生活的情景，这样可以避免注重语言形式，忽视内容，脱离一定的情景与主题。

句型转换也是训练形式之一，让学生在不改变语言意义的前提下进行句型转换练习，理解表达同一个意思可以采用不同的句型，这样可以避免写作时句型的单调与重复。

(二)段的训练

句连成段，可以进行看图写作，教师出示一幅图，让学生对其进行描述写成小段。看图写作有其长处，可以在写作过程中可以增加图片与英语思维、表达的直接联系、培养想象力、减少对中文的依赖。为了使学生更多地参与写作教学，激发他们对写作的兴趣，看图写作的图画老师可以让学生自己根据喜好，选择适合他们水平的图画或照片，带到课堂上使用。图画生动多样，大大激发了他们的写作兴趣，可以选一部分优秀的进行展示，评价，相互学习，这样能提高学生的整体水平。

(三)短文的训练

提供学生一些生活化的话题，选择的话题材料要接近学生的现实生活和学习。比如学生可以写自我介绍，写最喜欢的动物，学生会很活跃地思考，用最简单的句子表达他们的意思，表达他们的感情。

同时，也可以是对书本内容进行的扩充，如《牛津小学英语5B》，Unit4中出现了writeane-mail，在这里可以补充教授书信的格式，通过网络让学生学会用电子邮件发信，教师可以让学生结合自己的实际，与自己的朋友写e-mail,但要做到有信必回，这样才是有效的训练。如6B讲到seasons时可以给他们一个topic：Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Why?这样的话题是他们自己切身感受，学生们可以畅所欲言。

(四)阅读的训练

俗话说：读书破万卷，下笔如有神。阅读是写作的基础，大量的，广泛的阅读，能加强学生理解和吸收书面信息的能力，有助于巩固和扩大词汇量，增强语感丰富学生的语言知识。教师可以指导学生读一些相同水平的文章、故事，记忆背诵一些典型的范文也是可以的。让学生在大量的阅读中积累词汇、句子，形成良好的语感，为学生更好的写作打下坚实的基础。

三.如何评价写作内容

学生的作文要及时地批改，对学生在写作中出现的错误，可以用一些柔和的方式指出，并给予他们指导，告诉他们怎么错了，订正在边上(订正在原位会使他们忽略他们的错误)，知道正确答案，再加以鼓励。这样，他们会慢慢积累知识。即使有学生的错误很多，也不要说“写得不行，不好”之类的话，打击他们的积极性，可以给予他们一些建议，给予他们多些指导这样会更好。

对于写的好的，可以当场给予表扬和鼓励，把好的文章读给大家听或者展贴出来，其余学生可以一起分享。俗话说“乐此不疲”，要学好一种东西，兴趣是至关重要的。它是获得知识进行创造性创作的一种自觉动机，是鼓舞和推动学生创作的内在动力，也是提高写作水平的重要途径。因此，在写作教学中要鼓励学生创作，培养他们创作的兴趣，好的作品可以将它们推荐到小学生学习报刊、杂志。这样，学生的积极性就调动了，他们也觉得有成就感，也更乐于写作了。

写作在英语教学中是不可忽略的一项，也是学生最难接受的。“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。”“滴水穿石非一日之功，冰冻三尺非一日之寒。”教师合理教学，学生长期持之以恒，做生活的有心人，做勤劳的小蜜蜂，多思考，多练笔，一定能对写作产生浓厚兴趣，提高英语写作能力。为今后的英语学习打下结实的基矗

想要在20xx年英语四级考试中作文拿高分，遵循以下技巧就行。

20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧一：

总体原则：六个字：先结构后表达。

总体做法：三步法

1. 审题：两项内容：1)英文标题+2)汉语提纲 (如果汉语提纲不是三条，则将其转化为三条提纲)

2. 将三个汉语提纲转化为一个英文表达，充当该段主题句。(首尾段可无主题句，但中间段落最好有)

3. 将主题句扩展成一个英文段落。(方法：举例、数据、对比、列举、补充说明、因果法等)

20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧二：实例及具体时间分配

第1、2步为准备工作 时间控制在三分钟以内：

(注：建议考生带上手表，以便掌握写作时间分配，超过三分钟按照已经列出的关键词的内容展开文章的开头部分)

如一道六级的写作考题为：

directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic college students" part-time jobs. you should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:

1. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职, 有人反对

2. 我的看法

审题：1. 题目：college students" part-time jobs

2. 提纲：1. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职, 有人反对;2. 我的看法

题目关键词为: part-time jobs

3. 提纲转化为三条：

1. 有些人持相反意见

2. 有些人赞成大学生做兼职

3. 我的看法 (无需写出)

20xx年英语四级考试作文技巧三：先结构：

联想课堂所讲：三段或四段式结构，且每段只写一项内容。

以“三段式”为例：

后表达：(三方面：句、词、衔接)关键词罗列

1. 联想开篇句式：when it comes to …, people" opinions differ/vary. 或者it is a common phenomenon for … to do sth, 或者 it can be noticed that an increasing number of …

将这些表达以关键词的形式列出：如： when… 或者 it is …

2. 转化主题句：

1) 有些人持反对意见- others hold the opposite view.

理由：1. main task- academic study, 2. society complex- cheated

2) 有些人赞成大学生做兼职- hold the positive view

理由：1. ease financial burden 2. enrich experience

3) 我的看法- both right …….

3. 扩展成文

最后，请检查基本语音错误：1， 单词拼写 2， 时态， 3， 单复数，4，关联词